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m<uq jk uqøKh 2018
fojk uqøKh 2019
f;jk uqøKh 2020
ish¨ u ysñlï weúß‚'
ISBN 978-955-25-0240-8
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska
wxl' 90" jdikdj;a; mdr" u;af;af.dv ork ia:dkfhys msysá
úYaj .%e*slaia ^mqoa.,sl& iud.fuys uqøKd,fhaa uqøKh lrjd
m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'
Published by : Educational Publications Department Printed by : Vishwa Graphics (Pvt) Ltd.
iv
wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjda
tl ksjfiys fjfikd
tl mdge;s tl reêrh fõ
wm lh ;=< ÿjkd
tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhda
tl f,i tys jefvkd
Ôj;a jk wm fuu ksjfia
fid¢k isáh hq;= fõ
ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkS
fj<S iu.s oñkS
rka ñKs uq;= fkd j th u h iem;d
lsis l, fkdu Èrkd
wdkkao iurfldaka
v
fmrjok
ukq.=Koï iqrlskakg ks;s lemjqKq l=i,;d msß ukqIH j¾.hdg fï f,dalh
jvd;a fid`ÿre ìula njg m;a l< yels h' ta i`oyd rgl wOHdmkh ksr;=reju
n,iïmkak lr.;hq;= jkafka wkd.; jevf,dj ms<sn`oj o ukd wjÈfhka isáñks'
Èfkka Èk úYaj .ïudkh fj; tlajk idrj;a kj oekqu wfma bf.kqï b.ekaùï
l%shdj,sh iu`. uqiqlr .ekSu wksjd¾hfhka isÿúh hq;= w;ru wmf.a hy.=Koï o
ta yd tald;añl lr.kakg wu;l fkdl< hq;= h' fuu idOkSh .=Kdx. /l.ksñka
jvd;a hym;a isiq mrmqrla ks¾udKh lsÍfï W;alDIag fufyjrg wjeis .=Kd;aul
bf.kqï wdOdrl iïmdokh lsÍu wm fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%uqL mrud¾:h nj
wjOdrKh lrñ'
fkal úis;=re is;a;ï yd wl=rej,ska imsß fï fm<fmd;a wkd.; f,djg u`.
t<s o,ajk m%§mia;ïN n`ÿ h' Tn mdi,a ìfuka iuq.;a Èkl jqj" ;=áka isys l<
yels ñysß u;l" fï mdvï fmd;a msgq w;r /`§ ;sfnkq ksiel h' .=re ;rej,
fkdu`o wdf,dalh ,nd .ksñka Tn fï oekqu yd úkaokh leál< wk.s ;Hd.fhka
ksis m, fk<d .; hq;af;a ;j ;j;a oekqï wjldY fj; hqyqiq¨j mshuksñks' rch
fm<fmd;a fjkqfjka jeh l< wm%udK jQ OkialkaOhg wñ, w.hla ,nd Èh
yelafla mdi,a isiq ore oeßhka jQ Tng muKs' Èúh fj; yUd tk wfkal ndOl
Èßfhka chf.k" fyg f,dj iqmqIams; lrjkakg oefha oreoeßhkag yelsfõjdhs
wm%udK iafkayfhka wdYS¾jdo lrkafkñ'
fm<fmd;a iïmdok l%shdj,sh fjkqfjka ukd lemùulska iïm;Aodhl;ajh
iemhQ f,aLl" ixialdrl yd we.hqï uKav, idudðl msßjrg;a wOHdmk m%ldYk
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾h uKav,fha ieug;a udf.a yomsß ia;=;sh msßkuñ'
mS' tka' whs,mafmreu
wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
biqremdh
n;a;ruq,a,
2020'06'26
vi
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh
mS' tka' whs,mafmreu ¡ wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
fufyhùu
ví,sõ'tA' ks¾u,d mshiS,s -¡ wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ^ixj¾Ok&
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
iïnkaëlrKh
wd¾'ã' úfÊúl%u -¡ ksfhdacH flduidßia
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
iydh iïnkaëlrKh
tia'Ô'ã'tka't,a' iurfldaka ¡ iyldr flduidßia
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
wkqYdil;ajh
w;sW;=ï foaj O¾udpd¾h Tiaj,aâ f.dañia w.ro.=re ysñmdfKda ^úY%dñl&
w;sW;=ï foaj O¾udpd¾h uelaiaj,a is,ajd ro.=re ysñmdfKda
w;s.re msh,a cdkl m%kdkaÿ msh;=ud
.re tï'Ô't,a' m%kdkaÿ msh;=ud
ixialdrl uKav,h
.re t,a' m%§ma l=ud¾ ksfrdaIka ¡ iyldr lÓldpd¾h"
m%kdkaÿ msh;=ud cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
mS'ã' *s,SIshd whsßka ¡ .=re WmfoaYsld"
fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" j;a;,
.re ußh rx.kS meúÈ fidhqßh ¡ .=re fiajh"
nm$fld$ ish¨ idka;=jrhkaf.a nd,sld
úoHd,h" fnd/,a,'
.re' tA' wd¾' t,a' Ydka;sl=ud¾ msh;=ud¡ lÓldpd¾h" welajhskdia úÿy,'
.re' tia' wekagks fmdkaIshka msh;=ud¡ iyldr lÓldpd¾h"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
vii
f,aLl uKav,h
iS' ks¾u,d r;akdhl - ¡ .=re fiajh" Ydka; mS;r úÿy,"
fld<U 4'
iS' whsrdx.ks reøs.= ¡ .=re fiajh" Ydka; ¨ishd u'ú'
fldgfyak" fld<U 13'
tï' mS' ví' ví' YHdu,S mSßia ¡ .=re fiajh" ms,msáh u' ú'" le,‚h'
-- -
à'fÊ' fmda,a wekagks ¡ úY%dñl úÿy,am;s
tA' fla' tia' takac,a ¡ .=re fiajh ^úY%dñl&
NdId ixialdrl
rxð;a b¨mamsáh ¡ ksfhdacH flduidßia"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
Ñ;% fla' tA' tia' l¿fndaú, ¡ lÓldpd¾h"
ydmsá.u cd;sl wOHdmk úoHdmSGh"
óß.u'
msgljrh
ví,sõ' mS' iqis,a chYdka; fmf¾rd ¡ Ñ;% Ys,amS
mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh yd msgq ie,iqïlrKh
t,a' tA i÷ks ks,xld m;auisß ¡- mß.Kl iydhl"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ix
msgq wxlh
1' ls;=kq orejd foaj ;s<sKhls 1
2' iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh 6
3' uf.a yog jäk fÊiqia jykafia 11
4' j.lSï bgq lruq 15
5' oialï úialï iu.ska foúmshdg ;=;s fouq 18
6' idfljqiaf.a is;a yeÍu 21
7' uyd ldre‚l foú mshdfKda 24
8' ufyda;a;u foú mshdKka jykafiag l;d lruq 27
9' foú mshdKka jykafia iu. fm%aufhka nef|uq 29
10' ueÈy;a ùuhs ¡- újdy ux., W;aijhhs 32
11' fÊiqia jykafiaf.a wiSñ; lreKdj 35
12' jy,a núka ksoyi lrd 38
13' uy n%yiam;skaod 42
14' fm%aufha iudchla f.dvkÕuq 45
15' Y=oaOjka; Ôú;hla .; lruq 47
16' foú mshdKkaf.a wdorhg wdorh olajuq 50
17' úúOdldrfhka idlaIs orhs 54
18' fÊiq iñ÷f.a l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñh 57
19' mqxÑ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=ud 60
20' w;s W;=ï f;dauia ldÈk,a l=f¾ ysñmdfKda 62
21' fudafiia ;=ud 65
22' iduqfj,a Èjeiam%idÈ ;=ud 68
23' Èjeisjr t,shd 72
24' rc jQ tf`âr <uhd 75
25' Y=oaO jQ fmaÿre ;=ud 78
weuqKqï wxl 1-- - kj jk mdvug wod< fmdÿ hdÉ[d 82¡83
mgqk
ls;=kq orejd foaj ;s<sKhls
fÊiqia jykafia wmg yuq jk úfYaI wjia:d y;la my;
±lafõ' tAjdg wms foaj m%ido ksOdk lshd lshuq'
1' m%ido iakdmkh
2' iu.s ùfï
m%ido ksOdkh
3' ÈjH i;am%idoh
4' wNsjDoaê wdf,amh5' mQcljrh
6' wdYS¾jdoldr
nkaOkh
7' frda.Skaf.a
wdf,amhm%ido ksOdkh
ÈjH i;am%idoh
wNsjDoaê wdf,amh4' wNsjDoaê wdf,amh wNsjDoaê wdf,amh
wdf,amh
1
1'1 rEmh ¡ foaj m%ido ksOdk y;
5'5' mQcljrh mQcljrh
1fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'
mjka iy Tyqf.a uj" úYaj mq;df.a l%sia;shdkshg iyNd.s ù
ksji n,d hk w;r¦
mjka ( ug kï wo yß u i;=gqhs" wïfï' fyg wfma wd.u
mdvug lshd fokak kshñ;j ;sfnkafk;a foaj
m%ido ksOdk 7ka m<uq m%ido ksOdkh .ekhs'
wïud ( tfyu kï úYajf.a m%ido iakdmkh ,eîu Thdg
fyd| w;a±lSula fjkak we;s'
mjka ( wehs wïfï úYaj u,a,sf.a ysig ;=ka jrla u j;=r
j;alf<a@
mjka ( t;fldg wïfï
úYaj u,a,sf.a
k<, u; wdf,am
lf<a fudkjd o@
wïud ( tA ;uhs mqf;a Y=oaO jQ
ff;,h' fuu.ska
wmg Y=oaOd;au jrï
,efnkjd'
1'2 rEmh ¡ ysig c,h j;alsÍu
1'3 rEmh ¡ Y=oaO jQ ff;,h wdf,am lsÍu
wïud ( thska wmj ms;d mq;%hd
Y =o aOd; auhdKkaf. a
kdufhka ckau
mdmfhka fidaod
yßkjd'
2
1'4 rEmh ¡ iqÿ jia;%h weka|ùu
1'5 rEmh ¡ bámyk ±,aùu
mjka ( foaj orejka ùu ksid wms yß jdikdjka;hs
fka o wïfï@
wïud ( Tõ mqf;a" wms yefuda u yß jdikdjka;hs'
mjka ( úYaj u,a,sg iqÿ
froaola m,`ojkjd;a
±lald' m,a,sfha
;sfnk f,dl= mdial=
bá mykska bámkaoï
o,ajd .kakjd;a
±lald' wïfï tA yeu
fohl u f;areula
;sfhkj o@
wïud ( Tõ mqf;aæ iqÿ froao
me,|ùu ;=<ska msßisÿlu
i,l=Kq lrkjd' mdial=
bámykska bámkaoï
o,ajd .ekSu ;=<ska
l%sia;=ka jykafia úiska
tu orejd wdf,dalj;a
lrkq ,nkjd'
3
—Tn udf.a m%shdor mq;%hdfKda h¦ Tn flf¾ b;d
m%ikak ù isáñ˜^udla 1 ( 11&
iaj¾. rdcHfha
ysñlrejl= ùfï
Nd.Hh ,eîu
ckau mdmfhka
ksfodia ùu
foaj orelu
,eîu
fkdueflk
,dxPkhla
,eîu
wfkl=;a m%ido
ksOdk ,nd
.ekSfï yelshdj
ysñ ùu
Y=oaO jQ iNdfõ
idudðl;ajh
,eîu
m%ido
iakdmkfhka
wmg
,efnk jrm%ido
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" wo Èk m%ido iakdmkh ;=<ska úYaj
u,a,s foaj orejl= lr fÊiqia jykafia yuqjkakg;a
Wkajykafiaf.a wdorh ,nd .kakg;a i,iajd ÿkakdg Tn
jykafiag ia;+;s m%Yxid lruq'
wdfuka'
fÊiqia jykafia fn!;siau iakdmkh l< wjia:dfõ
foú mshdKka mejiQ joka
4
mejreu
1 m%:u jrg ,nk foaj m%ido ksOdkh kï lrkak'
2 my; i|yka Ñ;%j,g .e<fmk jdlH jryka ;=<ska
f;dard wNHdi fmdf;a ,shkak'
^1&
^3& ^4&
^2&
^mdmh fidaod yeÍu" Y=oaOd;au jrï ,eîu" msßisÿlu i,l=Kq
lsÍu" foaj orejd wdf,dalj;a lsÍu&
5
iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh
iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh" foaj m%ido ksOdk yf;ka
tlls' fuu m%ido ksOdkh u.ska wm l< mõj,g iudj odkh
flf¾'
iñ|dKka jykafia W;a:dk jQ Èk iji mõ lud lsÍfï n,h
wfmdaia;=¨jrekg mjrd foñka mejiQ jpk my; i|yka fõ'
Y=oaO jQ cqjdï 20 ( 23
—Tn hful=f.a mõ lud lrkafkyq o tAjd
Tjqkag lud lrkq ,efí' Tn hful=f.a
mõ lud fkdlrkafka o tAjd Tjqkag
lud fkdlrkq ,efí'˜
wfmdaia;=¨jreka u.ska mõ lud lsÍfï n,h ,nd ;sfnk
msh;=ud wo wmg mõ iudj ,nd fohs'
iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkhg lshk fjk;a kï
³ mdfmdaÉpdrKh
³ mõ ludfõ m%ido
ksOdkh ³ iu.s ikaOdkfha
m%ido ksOdkh
³ kej; ñ;% ùfï
m%ido ksOdkh
³ fldñiï lsÍu
m<uq jrg ÈjH i;am%idoh ,nd .ekSug fmr iu.s ùfï foaj
m%ido ksOdkh wm ,nd .; hq;= h' tfia u bka miqj wm
w;ska jrola isÿ jQ ieu wjia:djl § u iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido
ksOdkh ,nd .; hq;= h'
2
6
mdfmdaÉpdrKhg fmr mdfmdaÉpdrKhg miq
<ufhl= hdÉ[d lrk
mska;+rhla
2'1 rEmh ¡ mdfmdaÉpdrKhg fmr yd miq wjia:d lsysmhla
7
mdmh ksid wm foúhka jykafiaf.ka wE;a fõ' tfia wE;a
jk wm kej; foúhka jykafia fj; <Õd flfrkafka iu.s
úfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh u.sks'
hym;a mdfmdaÉpdrKhla lsÍu i|yd jeo.;a u foa jkafka
;ud l< mõ isys lr tAjdg wjxlj ukia;dm ùu h'
iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh ,nd .ekSug iQÞkï jk whqre(
1' l
< mõ isys lsÍu yd l
<
mõj,g ÿla uk
ia;dm ùu
2' kej; mõ fkdlsÍug bgd .ekSu
3' l< mõ tllaj;a fkdiÕjd msh;=udg lSu
4' msh;=ud fok Tjoka wid isàu yd
ohdêl ukia;dmkh WÉpdrKh
5' msh;=ud f
ok o~qjï
bIag lsÍu
mdmh hkq foaj leue;a;g msgqmd hEuls' oi mk; lv lsÍuls'
is;ska" jpkfhka" l%shdfjka yd w;miq lsÍfuka o wm w;ska
mõ isÿ fõ' mdmhg uq,a jk uq,a w.=K mõ 7ls'
tAjd kï¦
WvÕ=lu ;Kaydj rd.h fl%daOh
B¾IHdjlEorlu w,ilu
1
5 6 7
2 3 4
8
iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh ,nd .ekSu u.ska wmg ,efnk
jrm%ido
² foaj in|;dj we;s ùu
² l< mõj,g iudj ,eîu
² wd;añl iduh yd ksoyi ,eîu
² m%S;sh we;s ùu
² hym;a Ôú;hla .; lsÍug yelshdj ,eîu
hdÉ[dj
foú mshdfKks" is;ska" jpkfhka" l%shdfjka w;miq
lsÍfuka lrk ,o jerÈ ish,a, jgydf.k mdm
wjia:djkaf.ka wE;a ù Èú f.jkakg wmg jrï ÿk
uekj'
wdfuka'
2 fuu Y=oaO ,shú,s mdGfha ysia ;eka mqrjkak'
—Tn ''''''''''''''''''''' mõ lud ''''''''''''''''''''' tAjd Tjqkag
''''''''''''''''''''' lrkq ,efí' Tn hful=f.a ''''''''''''''''''''' lud
fkdlrkafka o tAjd Tjqkag lud ''''''''''''''''''''' ,efí˜
3 my; ̂ w& fldgiska ±lafjk wjia:dj, § ls;=kq orejl= f,i
Tn l%shd lrk wkaou ^wd& fldgiska f;dard hd lrkak'
³ fldka lrk ,o ñ;=rl= ÿgq úg
³ fkdl< jrolg o~qjï ,efnk úg
³ i;=kag jrola lrk hy¿jl= ÿgq úg
³ nv.skafka isák hy¿jl= ÿgq úg
³ lEu §u
³ jrÈka uqod .ekSu
³ bjid .ekSu
³ ñ;=re ùu
^w& ^wd&
mejreu
1 fÊiqia jykafia mõ lud lsÍfï n,h uq,ska u odkh
lf<a ldg o@
9
l%shdldrlu
lg mdvï lrkak'
mõ iudfõ foaj m%ido ksOdkh ,nd .ekSfï mshjr
1' mshdKkaf.a o mq;%hdKkaf.a o Y=oaOd;auhdKkaf.a o kdufhka"
wdfuka' mshdfKks" mõldr jQ ug wdYS¾jdo l< uekj'
2' fï udf.a m<uqjk mdfmdaÉpdrKhhs'
^mõ msh;=udg lSu&
3' mshdfKks" u;l we;s mõ fumuKhs' fïjdg;a u;l ke;s
mõj,g;a iudj yd o~qjï ÿk uekj'
^msh;=ud fok o~qjï yd Tjokaj,g fyd¢ka ijka §fuka
miq& ohdêl ukia;dmk heÿu WÉpdrKh'
4' mshdKkaf.a o mq;%hdKkaf.a o Y=oaOd;auhdKkaf.a o kdufhka"
wdfuka' ia;+;shs mshdfKks" fÊiq msysghsæ
10
mrf,dafla ukakdfjks
Ôú; odhlhdKks
wkka; jQ fm%aufhks
jäkq udf.a fÊiqks
msh;=ud ( orejfka" fï Ñ;%h l,ska ±l,d ;sfhkjd o@ fï
lshuk Tn wid ;sfnkjd o@
<uhd ( Tõ msh;=uks" fÊiq iñ÷ka wka;su rd;%s fNdackh
mj;ajk Ñ;%h fka o@
msh;=ud ( wkak yß orejfka" tA ;ud fÊiqia jykafia m<uq
jrg ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ia:dms; l< wdldrh'
tod wmg W;=ï u ojila' fÊiq iñ÷ka tod ±k
ysáhd tA ;u wjika rd;%s fNdackh jk nj' tA;a
fÊiq iñ÷ka wm ;ks fkdlr ieu od wm iu.
isákakg ;SrKh l<d'
uf.a yog jäk fÊiqia jykafia
—fï udf.a Y%S YÍrhhs' ud isys lsÍu ms‚i fuh isÿ lrkak'''''˜
^Y=' Æla 22(19&
3'1 rEmh ¡ wka;su rd;%s fNdackh
3
11
<uhs ( tA fldfydu o msh;=uks@
msh;=ud ( tfyu lf<a iqfoda iqÿ mQmh Tijd —fï udf.a Y%S
YÍrhhs' fuh f.k wkqNj lrkak˜ hkqfjka
mjiñka fÊiq iñ÷ka Ôjudkj iqÿ mQmh fj;g
jevu lsÍfuka'
<uhs ( msh;=uks" wo fldfydu o fÊiq iñ÷ka wm iu.
jev isákafka@
msh;=ud ( orejfka" fÊiqia jykafia wmg ;sfhk wdorh ksid
;uhs l=vd mQmhla ;=<ska wm ;=<g tkak leu;s
jqfKa' wo ÈjH mQcdfõ § ud mjik wdYS¾jdo
jpkj,ska mQm yd ñÈri l%sia;=ka jykafiaf.a Y%S
YÍrh yd Y%S reêrh njg yefrkjd'
<uhs ( b;ska msh;=uks" wms yefudau fÊiq iñ÷ka ,nd
.kak wdihs' tA fjkqfjka wms fudkjd o lrkak
´kE@
msh;=ud ( Tõ orejfka" fÊiq iñ÷ka Ôjudkj Tnf.a yoj;
;=<g jäkak yß wdidfjka n,d bkakjd' wms iu.s
ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh ,nd msßisÿ yoj;lska
fÊiq iñ÷ka ,nd .ekSug iQodkï úh hq;=hs' tA nj
Y=oaO jQ mdjq¨ ;=ud fufia ,shd ;sfnkjd'
1 fldfrka;s 11(27¡-30
—ieneúka u fï frdá je<£ug;a fï
l=i,dkfhka mdkh lsÍug;a fmr tla
tlaflkd ;ud fidaÈis lr .; hq;= h'
12
<uhs ( msh;=uks" wms fÊiq iñ÷ka ,nd .;a miq fudl o
fjkafka@
msh;=ud ( mqf;a" ÿfõ" fÊiq iñ÷ka wfma Ôú;hg" YÍrhg
iïnkaO fjkjd' ±ka Thd ;ks fj,d kE' Tjqka
jykafia Tn yß u. hjkjd" kmqfrka .,jd
.kakjd' tu ksid Tn ;=< bkak fÊiq iñ÷ka
fyd¢ka y÷kd f.k wka whg;a Wkajykafia
y÷kajd fokakg W;aidy lrkak'
3'2 rEmh ¡ ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia odkh lsÍu
ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ,eîug fmr iQodkï úh hq;= wdldrh
² mõj,g iudj ,nd .ekSu
² ieu breÈk u yd yels ieu úg u msßisÿj ÈjH mQcdjg iyNd.s
ùu
² ÈjH mQcdjg fmr mehlaj;a ksrdydr YS,h /lSu
² fm!oa.,slj Èkm;d u hdÉ[d lsÍu
² f.!rjfhka fÊiqia jykafia ,nd .ekSu
13
2 ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=<ska Tn fj;g jäk fÊiq iñ÷ka
fjkqfjka Tng l< yels oE my; j.=fjys igyka lrkak'
ksjfia §
mdif,a §
oyï mdif,a §
mejreu
1 ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ,nd .ekSug ksis f,i
iQodkï ùu i|yd hdÉ[djla ,shkak'
hdÉ[dj
wdor fÊiq iñ÷ks" mqxÑ wfma yoj;a ;=<g
wdorfhka jevu lsÍu .ek wms Tn jykafiag ;=;s mqouq'
hym;a orejka f,i Tn jykafiag lSlrej Ôj;a ùug wmg
msysg jqj uekj'
wdfuka'
l%shdldrlu
1 my; i|yka ud;Dld mqxÑ fmd;l ,shd tu fmd; wd;añl
u,a fmdl=r f,i kï lrkak' fuu ud;Dldj,ska lshfjk
foa Tn bgq lrk ieu úg u bÈßfhka ;rej ne.ska w,jkak'
fuu jif¾ § Tn m%:u jrg ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ,nk
Èk ußh ;=ñhf.a iqreju mduq, ;nkak'
1' ÈjH mQcdjg iyNd.s jQ jdr .Kk
2' mjqf,a cmud,h lshk ,o jdr .Kk
3' u¾ok l%shd l< jdr .Kk
4' hym;a l%shd l< wjia:d .Kk
5' ¨yq~q heÿï lshk ,o wjia:d .Kk ^WÞyrK (¡
—fÊiqkS uu Tng wdofrhs˜ hkdÈ jels idod lSu&
14
WoEik u ljq¿ fodßka -¡ wdjd ysre /ia ì|la
l=re,a,kaf. kdo ;=<ska -¡ lSjd f;dr;=re ì|la
isis,a iq<x yud hñka -¡ iekiqjd .; is; ì|la
olakg ,enqKd i;=áka -¡ yß ,iaik f,dj ì|la
w¨;a Èkla Wod lf<a -¡ wm foú iñ÷ka ;uhs
fuÈk wfma jev ish,af,a -¡ ysñlre t;=uka ;uhs
i;=g fuka u ÿla lror ¡- ndr .kafka iñ÷uhs
wdisß ,enq wm ieu fok -¡ ;=;s fokafk;a t;=ughs
j.lSï bgq lruq4
15
oiui ud l=fia ord ¡- ud yeÿfõ uf. ujhs
;=ref, fydjd ke<jQfõ ¡- ug we;s fifkyi ksihs
fkdfhl=;a ndOl ì|,d ¡- /l .;af;a uf. ujhs
weh frda.d;=r jQ úg ¡- n,d .kafk ud ;uhs
lror ueo fjfyi ord -¡ ud we;s ±ä lf<a mshhs
oyäh fy<ñka ieu od ¡- ud ne¨fõ uf.a mshhs
kE fkdlshd nE fkdlshd -¡ fyd| foa ug ÿkafk mshhs
uy¨ jhfia neßjQ úg -¡ Tyq yg w; fokafk uuhs
jerÈ uÕl fkdhd isáuq -¡ ujqmshkg wjk; fjuq
.re lruQ lSlre fjuq -¡ ujqmsh is;a i;=gq lruq
mels<Sula fkdolajuQ ¡- fomd keueo iydh fjuQ
foudmshka wmg ÿkakq -¡ foú mshdg ;=;s mqouQ
wlald whshd foi n,,d -¡ fyd¢ka bf.k .kak n,uq
kx.s u,a,s /l n,,d ¡- bf.k .kak Wojq lruq
f.or jevg Wojq fj,d -¡ lSlre fyd| orejka fjuq
hym;a orejka ù,d -¡ foúmshdj i;=gq lruq
mdi, fj; msh kÕuQ -¡ mka;sh msßisÿ lruQ
±kqu ,nd .kak n,uq -¡ fyd| orejka f,i isáuQ
ÿn, whg lshd fouQ -¡ yelshdjka fnod .ksuq
wkd.;h ire lruQ -¡ u;=jg rg /l .ksuQ
ÿjñka fi,a,ï lruQ -¡ ms;af;ka oialï ujuQ
WvÕ=j ÿrelr .ksuQ -¡ ch merÿu Ndr.uq
.=re is;a ieu fkdßojuQ -¡ .=Kj;a fyd| <uhska fjuq
iñ÷ iúh ,nd .ksuq ¡- foú÷ka yg ;=;s mqouQ
16
mejreu
l%shdldrlu
1' ;u mka;s ldurh msßisÿjg ;nd .ekSu i|yd l< hq;=
foa ms<sn| fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh lr mka;s ldurfha
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
2' lú mka;sfha is;a .;a wjia:djla Ñ;%hg kÕkak'
3' lú mka;sfhka .; yels fyd| .=Kdx. myla ldâm;l
,shd mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
mdvï lrkak' Èkm;d lshjkak'
wdor foú mshdfKks" ksjfia §;a mdif,a §;a ieu ;ekl
§;a j.lSï fyd¢ka bgq lrk hym;a <uhl= ùug wjYH
jrï wmg ,nd fokak'
1 ¸ m<uq iy fojk lúj,ska fmkajd fok mßÈ foú
mshdKka jykafia wmg ,nd ÿka foaj,a kï lrkak'
¸¸ WoEik wjÈ jQ úg ufyda;a;u foú mshdKka jykafiag
;=;s §fï l=vd hdÉ[djla ,shkak'
2 ksjfia § Tnf.a mjqf,a wh fjkqfjka l< yels hym;a
foaj,a ;=kla ,shd olajkak'
17
foú iñ÷ka wmyg ÿka
;s<sKhls fï Ôúf;a
wm yelslï ¡- wm iqrelï
ms‚i fhdojuq ck fiafõ
wfma wdor foú mshdKka jykafia wm ish¨ fokd
ujd ;sfnkafka úúO yelshd" olaI;d fndfyduhla iu.hs' tA
woyi ;uhs by; .S;sldfõ ;sfnkafka' wms n,uq fudkjd o
fï wfma yelshd yd olaI;d lsh,d' tA jf.a u fldfydu o wms
tA olaI;d wka whf.a m%fhdackh i|yd fhdod .kafka lsh,d'
iquqÿ ( f,dalh uejQ foú mshdf.a ¡- wdorfha l;kaof¾
yefuda u bÈßfha lshkak -¡ udj f;areKd
iqúks ( ,iaik w;a wl=rej,ska -¡ foú mshdf.a uysuh .ek
;j ;j úia;r ,shkak -¡ ug;a yels jqKd
iqu,a ( .ehq .S;h uú; l<d ¡- /ia ù isá uq¿ iNdj
jh,Skh" ngk<dj -¡ /õms<s/õ ÿka fj,dj
iqrks ( Wi" ÿr mksñka oialï ujñka
wm ieu bkafka ieu od i;=áka
iq.;a ( fld< lm,d u,a yo,d ¡ yev flrejd .=re fïfia
j;=r oud ueá wk,d ¡ ksu flrejd fi,a,ï f.a
oialï úialï iu.ska foúmshdg ;=;s fouq5
18
iqÈks ( idlal=jg u,la ueiqjd ¡ mqxÑ uf.a tAm%fka
ish¨ fokd i;=gq jqKd ¡ wfm yelshd ÿgqj iefKa
iqñ;a ( hk hk ieu ;ek ch f.di kÕñka
fmkajuq ls;=.=K oyfï n,fhka
ish¨ wUkak" fk<kak" leghï lmkak
fokd ( ÿjkak" mkskak" kgkak" .hkak
ÿka fï yelshd fndfyduh iu.ska
;=;s § miiuq wfma msh foú÷ka
5'1 rEmh ¡ úúO yelshd olajk <uqka msßila
19
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" Tn jykafia ug ÿka yelshd"
olaI;dj,g ia;=;shs' tA yeu yelshdjla u y÷kd f.k wka
whf.a hym; i|yd fhdod .kak ug msysg jqj uekj'
wdfuka'
mejreu
1' mdvfï i|yka fonia ;d,hg .dhkd lrkak'
.e<fmk wx. p,k fhdod .kak'
l%shdldrlu
bj; ouk foaj,a ^ysia ma,diaála fnda;,a" fmd,a l=vq" Ækq
fmd;= jeks& Wmfhda.S lrf.k ì;a;s ieris,a,la ks¾udKh
lr mka;sh w,xldr lrkak'
2' mdvfï i|yka jk mßÈ orejka ;=< ;snQ yelshd" olaI;d
,ehsia;=jla ,shkak'
3' fm;s myl f,dl= u,la w¢kak' uf,a ueo Tfí ku ,shkak'
fm;sj, Tn ,o yelshd fjka fjkaj ,shkak' <d j¾Khlska
u, mdg lrkak'
4' foú mshdKka jykafiaf.ka Tn ,o yelshd yd olaI;d
fjkqfjka ia;+;s lr mqxÑ hdÉ[djla ,shkak'
20
idfljqiaf.a is;a yeÍu6fÊiqia jykafia fcßfldaj n,d msg;a fjhs'
idfljqia fÊiqia jykafia ne,Sug
w;a;slald .ig k.shs
idfljqia .fyka ìug nishs'idfljqia m%S;sfhka fÊiqia jykafia
;u f.org ms<s.kshs'
idfljqia jyd u ìug nyskak' ug wo Tfí
f.or kjd;eka .kakg
´kE'
fudkjdæ uf.a
f.org tkjdæ
21
.e<ùu wo fï
f.org meñK ;sfí'
fudyq wdn%yïf.a mq;%fhls'
ukqIH mq;%hdfKda ke;s jQ
foa fidhkakg o .<jkakg
o jeäh fial'
Wkajykafia mõldr
ñksil= iu. kjd;eka
.kakg .sh fial'
hym;a .=K O¾u b.ekajQ fÊiqia jykafia tAjd l%shdjg kexjQ
nj by; isoaêh u.ska fmkS hhs' iudcfhka fldka l<
idfljqiag fÊiq iñ÷ka ±lajQ wdorh ksid Tyq iïmQ¾Kfhka
u fjkia ñksfila úh'
mßisjre fld÷rñka
fÊiqia jykafia l;d lrñka
iajdóks" ud ika;l
fohska foflka fldgila
È<s÷kag foñ' hula whq;=
f,i f.k ;sfí kï
Tyqg i;r .=Khla foñ'
22
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" uf.a u mx;sfha uf.a u mjqf,a úúO
fya;+ka u; fldka ù isák wh fidhd Tjqkg wdorh
lsÍug ug Yla;sh ÿk uekj'
wdfuka'
ÿfõ" mqf;a" wms;a lsis flfkla fldka fkdl< hq;= fjuq'
fÊiq iñ÷ka fldka fj,d isá wh wdorfhka ms<s.;a;d jf.a
wms;a ish¨ fokd u wdorfhka ms<s.ksuq'
1 my; jels yß kï r;=mdg u,la o jerÈ kï l¿mdg u,la
o fldgqj ;=< w¢kak' mdg lrkak'
2 ifljqiaf.a is;a yeÍfuka wmf.a Ôú;hg .; yels wdo¾Y
folla ,shkak'
mejreu
fuh wNHdi fmdf;a msgm;a lr .kak'
¸' fÊiqia jykafia mõldrhkag wdorh l< fial'
¸¸' idfljqia fÊiqia jykafia ±l n,d .ekSug wdYd úh'
¸¸¸' wms yeu úg u olaI fmdfydi;a wh muKla weiqre
l< hq;= fjuq'
¸¹' mka;sfha isák yeu fokd u uf.a hy¿jka lr
.; hq;= h'
¹' fÊiqia jykafia idfljqiaf.a Ôú;h fjkia l< fial'
23
my; i|yka jkafka lreKdjka; mshdf.a Wmud l;djhs'
^Y=' Æla 15(11-¡ -32&
1
2
3
tla ñksil=g mq;=ka
fofofkla isáfhda h' nd,
mq;d" —mshdfKks" Tnf.a
foam<j,ska ug whs;s
fldgi ÿk uekj"˜hs mshdg
lSh' mshd ;u foam<j,ska
fldgila Tyqg ÿkafka h'
nd, mq;d ÿr rglg f.dia
ñ;=rka iu. tla ù ;u
foam< kdia;s lf<a h'
;ud i;= uqo, ke;s jQ úg
ñ;=frda Tyq w;yer oud
hkakg jQy' Tyq ;ks úh'
uyd ldre‚l foú mshdfKda7
24
4
5
6
7
wdydr iy we֕
fkdue;sj b;d wirK
jQ Tyqg isÿjQfha W!rka
n,d .ksñka W!rkag fok
lEuj,ska nv.skak ksjd
.ekSug h'
;udf.a jerÈ f;areï .;a
Tyq ÿla ù kej; ;u mshd
fj; yeÍ .sfha h' Tyq
mshd fj; f.dia iudj
b,a,Sug fmr mshd Tyq
wdorfhka ism je,|f.k
Ndr .;af;a h'
nd, mq;d meñ‚ i;=gg
;u mshd idohla iQÞkï
lr we;s nj ±k.;a
jeäu,a mq;d fldam úh'
f,dl= mq;d le|jQ mshd"
—ud i;= ish,a, Tn i;=
h' tfy;a wo wm m%S;s
jkafka Tfí u,a,S ueÍ
isg kej; Ôj;a jk
ksid h˜ hehs mjiñka
Tyq iekiqfõ h'
25
hdÉ[dj
wínd mshdfKks" mõldr jQ ug iudj ÿk uekj' udf.a jerÈ
ms<s.ksñka wdorfhka Tn fj; kej; yeÍ tAug wjYH ksjerÈ
u. fmkaùu ug odkh l< uekj'
wdfuka'
mejreu
1 my; jpk ksjerÈj .<md jdlH ;kkak'
fuu Wmud l;dfjka foú mshdf.a wdorh wmg meyeÈ,s fjkjd'
wm mõ lr wE;a fjk ieu úg u foúmshd ÿla fjkjd' wm
jerÈ ms<sf.k yeÍ tk ;=re foúmshd n,d isákjd' tA ksid
wms blaukska wfma jerÈ y÷kd f.k foúmshd i;=gq lruq'
¸' úg u $ wms $ fouq $ wka $ whg $ iudj $ ieu
¸¸' lf<a h $ nd, mq;d $ kdia;s $ ish¨ $ ;d;a;df.a $
foam<
¸¸¸' mq;d $ ;d;a;d $ ke;s jQ $ isáfha h$ h<s;a $ uÕ n,d $
tk;=re
2 lreKdjka; mshdf.a Wmud l;dj rÕ olajkak'
26
ufyda;a;u foú mshdKka jykafiag l;d lruq
fm!oa.,sl
hdÉ[dj
iduQysl
hdÉ[dj
hdÉ[dj
8
8'1 rEmh ¡ hdÉ[d lsÍfï wjia:d lsysmhla
hdÉ[dj hdÉ[dj
ksjfia §
mdif,a §
foõ
ue÷f¾ §
27
Wfoa wjÈ jQ úg § - ¡ lEu .ekSug fmr §
mdi, fj; hk úg § - ¡ bf.kqï lghq;=j, §
l%Svd lrkd úg § - ¡ f,v ÿla lrorj, §
foõ úukg .sh úg § - ¡ ud lrkd heÿuka ieu
fm!oa.,sl hdÉ[dj -¡ f,i kï lrñ $$
mjq,la f,i tluq;= ù -¡ cmud,h lshuq wms
ÿfla È fuka i;=fÜ È;a ¡ - Y=oaO jQ meh lruq wms
mdif,a È ieu tla ù -¡ miiuq foú iñ÷ka wms
breÈk foõ fufyfha § -¡ lrkd heÿuka ieu wms
iduQysl hdÉ[dj - ¡ f,i kï lruq $$
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" fm!oa.,slj muKla fkdj iduQyslj o
;ud fuka u wka wh fjkqfjka o hdÉ[d lrkakg wm fhduq
l< uekj' wdfuka'
¸' mjqf,a wh tluq;= ù cmud,h lshuq' ^ &
¸¸' ;ksj u hdÉ[d lsÍu iduQysl hdÉ[djhs' ^ &
¸¸¸' wfma W;=ï u hdÉ[dj ÈjH mQcdjhs' ^ &
2 mdvfï i|yka lúj, lshefjk wdldrhg Tng fm!oa.,slj
yd iduQyslj hdÉ[d l< yels wjia:d fol ne.ska ,shkak'
3 mdif,a Wfoa /iaùu wdrïN lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq flá hdÉ[djla
,shkak'
my; lú ;d,hg .dhkd lrkak'
l%shdldrlu
mn¿" îu ng yd mS;a; má jeks foa Wojq lrf.k cmud,hla
ks¾udKh lrkak'
mejreu
1 my; i|yka woyia yß kï ,l=K o jerÈ kï ½
,l=K o fhdokak'
28
lkHd fidfydhqßh (
foú mshdKka jykafia yd wm w;r we;s in|;dj jeä
j¾Okh lr.; yels heÿï lsysmhla ;sfnk nj mq;d,d
ÿj,d wid ;sfnkjd o@ tu heÿï .eUqre hdÉ[d Èúhlg
wm f.khkjd' tAjdg wm fmdÿ heÿï lshd lshkjd'
Y=oaO jQ iNdj úiska ilia lr § we;s fuu fmdÿ heÿï
wmg fnfyúka u jeo.;a fjkjd'
tfyu kï tu fmdÿ heÿï fudkjd o lshd wms n,uq'
² wfmdaia;=¨jrekaf.a
úYajdi ,laIKh
wm úYajdi lrk m%Odk lreKq
fuu heÿfï wvx.= fjkjd'
wms th cmud,h iu. Èkm;d
WÉpdrKh lruq'
foú mshdKka jykafia iu. fm%aufhka nef|uq
² ohdêl ukia;dmh
fuh iu.s ikaOdkh keue;s
m%ido ksOdkh ,nk úg
lshk heÿuls' foú mshdKka
jykafiaf.a wdorhg úreoaOj
lrk jerÈj,g iudj whÈñka
WÉpdrKh lrk hdÉ[dj
ohdêl ukia;dm hdÉ[dj
fõ'
9
29
² Woh wdrdOkdj ² rd;%s wdrdOkdj
² ;=ka ld, wdrdOkdj ² mdial= ld,fha ;=ka ld,
wdrdOkdj
fuh WoEik wjÈ jQ úg foúmshdg
;=;s ms§ug yd wdrlaIdj me;Sug
lshk hdÉ[djls'
fuh rd;%sfha kskaog hdug fmr
foaj wdrlaIdjg ndr fjñka
lshk heÿuls'
Èklg ;=kajrla Woh" oj,a" rd;%s
fuh lshkq ,efí'
fuh mdial= ld,fha muKla
lshk hdÉ[djls'
30
³ Èkm;d heÿï wjia:djkays fhdod .kakd fuu fmdÿ hdÉ[d
Ndú; lrñka foú mshdKka jykafiag hdÉ[d lsÍug bf.k
.kakd f,i ÿj,d mq;d,f.ka wdorfhka b,a,d isákjd'
mejreu
1' úYajdi ,laIKfha i|yka m%Odk pß; wkqj
m%fya<sldj mqrjkak'
Ôú;hg ì|la
fmdÿ heÿï ;=<ska foú mshdKka jykafia yd wm
w;r we;s in|;dj jeä j¾Okh lr .ksuq'
l%shdldrlu
fuu mdvfuys wvx.= ish¨ hdÉ[d lg mdvï lrkak'
u h hñ
m%S
ia
id
;=
;a
msfo K
Wmfoia (¡ 9 jk mdvug wod< fmdÿ hdÉ[d msgq wxl 82" 83ys weuqKqï wxl 1 hgf;a olajd we;'
31
ueÈy;a ùuhs ¡- újdy ux., W;aijhhs
orejfka" uu Thd,g lshd fokak hkafk Y=oaO jQ nhsn,fha
i|yka ußh ;=ñhf.a ueÈy;a ùula .ekhs'
.,S,fha ldkd kï kqjr tla f.orl újdy ux.,Hhla
meje;ajQjd' fÊiqia jykafiaf.a uE‚hka jk ußh ;=ñh;a
tu W;aijhg meñK isáhd' ußh ;=ñh tu ux., W;aijfha
lghq;=j,g f.dvla Wojq l<d' fÊiqia jykafiag iy
t;=udf.a f.da,hkag;a ux., W;aijhg wdrdOkd lr ;snqKd'
W;aijhg iyNd.s jQ ieu fokdg u îug ñÈhqi uÈ jqKd' tys
isá fufylrejka fyd|g u l,n, jqKd' tk whg fnokak
ñÈhqi ke;s ksid Tjqka wmyiq;djg m;afj,hs isáfha' tA nj
ußh ;=ñh ±k .;a;d'
10'1 rEmh ¡ ñÈhqi bjr ù we;s nj ußh ;=ñh fÊiq
;=udg mejiSu
10
32
fÊiqia jykafiag fï isoaêh lSfjd;a thg úi÷ula ,nd .; yels fj;shs wehg is;=Kd'
ußh ;=ñh ú.iska fÊiqia jykafia fj; f.dia ñÈhqi bjr
ù we;s nj mejiqjd' isÿùug hk ,eÊcdfjka fudjqka fírd
.kak lshd lsjqjd' Wkajykafia ußh ;=ñh foig yeÍ —Tn;a
ud;a fï .ek lror fjkafk ukao@ uf.a fudfyd; ;j u
meñK keyefka"˜ lshd mejiqjd' ußh ;=ñh fufylrejka
wi,g f.dia Tjqka wu;d —fÊiqia jykafia Tng lshk ´kE
u fohla jqj o lrkake˜hs lsjqjd' Tjqka i;=áka th ms<s.;a;d'
t;ekg meñ‚ fÊiqia jykafia tys ;snQ .,a Ndck yh
j;=frka mqrjk f,i fiajlhkag mejiqjd' fiajlhka .,a
Ndck ish,a, u j;=frka msfrõjd' miqj fÊiqia jykafia"
tu .,a Ndck wdYS¾jdo lr —±ka fuhska álla ixúOdhl
;ek fj; f.k hkak"˜ lshd mejiqjd' ixúOdhl ;ek tys
ri ne¨jd' Tyq mqÿu jqKd' tu ñÈhqi ,enqK úÈh thd ±k
isáfha keye' kuq;a fiajlhska tA .ek ±kf.k isáhd'
10'2 rEmh ¡ fÊiq iñ÷ka j;=r msrjQ .,a Ndckj,g wdYS¾jdo lsÍu
33
ixúOdhl ;ek ukd, uy;d fj; meñK" fyd| ñÈhqi
<Õ ;ndf.k nd, ñÈhqij,ska ix.%y lf<a uka±hs Tyqf.ka
weiqjd' lsis u fohla .ek fkdokak ukd, uy;d mqÿu jqKd'
Tyq fï .ek fidhd ne¨jd' isÿ ù we;s ish,a, u Tyqg ±k
.kak ,enqKd' j;=r ñÈhqi njg yrjd ;sfhkafka kdir;fhka
meñ‚ fÊiqia jykafia nj wdrxÑ jqKd' tA fudfydf;a ußh
;=ñh ueÈy;a fkdjkak f,dl= ,eÊcdjla fjkak bv ;snqKd'
t;ek isá ish¨ fokd u fÊiqia jykafiaf.a n,jka;lu
.ek l;dny l<d' mq;d,d okakjd o fÊiqia jykafia l<
ydialïj,ska m<uq jekak ;uhs fï c,h ñÈhqi njg
m;alsÍfï isoaêh'
fï isÿùu u.ska ußh ;=ñhg wm fjkqfjka ueÈy;a úh yels
nj fyd¢ka fmkS hkjd'
l%shdldrlu
1' ldkd kqjr uÕ=,a f.or c,h ñÈhqi njg yerùfï m%d;syd¾hh
rÕ olajkak'
mejreu
1' fÊiq iñ|dKka ;u uE‚hkaf.a b,a,Su bgq lsÍug fmr
mejiQ Y%S jpk ,shd olajkak'
2' wka whf.a ÿla" lrorj, § ußh ;=ñh fuka Tn Tjqkg
msysg jQ wjia:djla fláfhka ,shd olajkak'
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" mqxÑ wfma Ôú;j, fkdfhl=;a
jqjukdjkaj, § wmg Tn jykafia fj; yeÍ tkakg jrï
ÿk uekj' foaj wïfï" tfia lrkakg wmg lshd ÿk uekj'
wdfuka'
34
fuys we;s Ñ;% foi fyd¢ka n,kak' tu Ñ;% bÈßfhka we;s
jdlH lshjd l;dj f.dvkÕkak'
1' fÊiqia jykafia miq mi
uy fikÕla meñ‚hy'
fÊiqia jykafia Tjqkag
foaj rdcHh ms<sn|
b.ekajQ fial' iqjh
wjYH whg iqjh ÿka
fial'
2' ? fnda jQ ksid fï uy
fikÕg lEug hula Èh
hq;= úh' kuq;a f.da,hskag
th wmyiq ld¾hhla úh'
3' fÊiqia jykafia f.da,hskag
l;d fldg fï fikÕg §u
i|yd Tn <Õ lEu ;sfí
±hs úuiQ fial' frdá myla
iy uiqka fofokl= we;s
<ufhl= fuys isák nj
f.da,hkaf.ka flfkla
mejiS h'
fÊiqia jykafiaf.a wiSñ; lreKdj11
35
4' túg fÊiqia jykafia fï
uy fikÕ mkia fokd
ne.ska lKavdhï lrk f,i
±kajQ fial' fÊiqia jykafia
l=vd orejd ÿka frdá iy
uiqka f.k iaj¾.h foi
n,d" wdYS¾jdoh mjid
fikÕg lEug fok f,i
f.da,hkag mejiQ fial'
ÿj,d" mq;d,d okakj o fÊiqia jykafia l< fï mqÿu l%shdj
.ek' tA ;uhs mkaoyilg lEu §fï m%d;syd¾hh fyj;a mQm
jeä lsÍfï m%d;syd¾h h' tod jf.a u wo;a fÊiqia jykafia
ÈjH i;am%idoh kï wdorfha fNdackh u.ska wmf.a wd;añl
l=i.skak ksjk fial'
5' fï fikÕ w;r msßñ
muKla mkaoyila jQy'
ish¨ fokd wdydr .ekSfuka
miq i;=gg meñ‚hy' b;sß
wdydr len,sj,ska l+v
fodf<dila mqrjd .kakd
,È'
36
wdor fÊiq iñ÷ks"
ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=<ska ieu Èkl Tn
jykafia yuqùug;a ud i;= foa wka wh iu. fnod
.ekSug;a ud fufyhjqj uekj'
wdfuka'
l%shdldrlu
mkaoyilg lEu §fï m%d;syd¾hh r`. olajkak'
mejreu
ms<s;=re ,shkak'
1' mdvfï i|yka wdldrhg fÊiqia jykafia l< mqÿu l%shdj
l=ula o@
2' ysia;ekg wÞ< rEm fldgqj ;=< we| ysia;eka mqrjkak'
<uhl= <Õ ;nqfKa myla iy fofofkls'
meñK isá ish¨ fokd lEfuka miq b;sß jQ len,sj,ska
fodf<dila mqrjd .; yels úh'
3' Tn ijka ÿka l;dfõ isá <uhd ;ud <Õ ;snQ frdá my iy
uiqka fofokd wka wh fjkqfjka mß;Hd. l<d fuka Tng;a
wka wh fjkqfjka Wojq l< yels wdldr ;=kla ,shkak'
37
jy,a núka ksoyi lrd
ieu breÈk u iji .fï fj,a hdfha fl<jr msysá l÷ mduq,
/ia ù i;sh ;=< ,enQ w;a±lSï úia;r lsÍu .fï <uhskaf.a
isß;la úh' fï wjia:djg .fï iSfudka wd;d o tlafjhs'
iSfudka wd;d mer‚ l;kaor lSug .c ymfkls'
iisre ( wd''' wkak iSfudka wd;d tkjd'
wd;d ( fÊiq msysghsæ orejfka" wo Thd,d oyï mdi,a .shd
o@ mq;d,d ÈjH mQcdjg;a .shd o@
Wodr ( Tõ wdf;a" ÈjH mQcdfõ § msh;=ud p;dßl ld,h yd
cqod mdial=j .ek lsjqjd' wdf;a" wmsg cqod mdial=j
.ek ;j álla úia;r lsh,d fokakfld'
wd;d ( orejfka" lf;da,sl wfma W;=ï u ux.,Hh ;uhs
mdial= ux.,Hh'
<uhs ( Tõ wdf;a" wms wy,d ;sfhkjd'
wd;d ( orejfka ld,hla wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;ka jk
BY%dfh,ajrekag ñirh keue;s rgl jy¨ka f,i
mdrdfjda lshd rc flfkla hgf;a ÿla ú¢kak
isÿjqKd' tA rc;=ud wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;kag fndfydu
jo ÿkakd¦ lEula îula fkd§ nr jev .;a;d¦ li
myr ÿkakd'
iisre ( wfkaæ wehs wdf;a" rc;=ud tfyu lf<a@
12
38
wd;d ( mdrdfjda rcq nh jqKd ljod yß BY%dfh,a ck;dj"
ñir ck;djg jvd jeä ÈhqKq ù ;u ck;dj md,kh
lrhs lsh,d' fï ksid BY%dfh,a ck;djf.ka fndfyda
jev lrjd .;a;d' fï wdldrhg BY%dfh,a ck;dj
jy¨ka njg m;ajqKd'
wð;d ( wfka mõæ wfma uq;=ka ñ;af;d fndfyda u ÿla ú|,d
;sfhkjdfka'
wd;d ( Tõ ÿj" tA;a rc;=ud t;=udf.a mSvk k;r lf<a kE'
fï mSvd ueo BY%dfh,a ck;dj foúhka jykafiag
hdÉ[d l<d' foúhka jykafia Tjqkag ijka ÿkakd'
Tjqka jykafia BY%dfh,a ck;dj fírd .ekSfï
ld¾hh fudafiia ;=udg Ndr l<d'
Tõ orejfka" Tkak tA rd;%sh Wod jqKd' fudafiia
;=udf.a wK mßÈ BY%dfh,a ck;dj ;u ksjfiys
12'1 rEmh ¡ mdrdfjda rcq BY%dfh,a ck;djf.ka nr jev .ekSu
39
W¿jiafia neg¿ f,h i,l=Kq l<d' mdrdfjda rcqf.a
uqrKavqlu ksid foúhka jykafia ñir jdiSkaf.a
l=¿÷,a msßñ orejka urd ±ïud' BY%dfh,a ck;djg
lsis u ydkshla tod isÿ jQfha keye' wjidkfha
mdrdfjda rcq ìh ù fudafiia ;=udg ck;dj /f.k
hEug wjir ÿkakd'
<uhs ( tod BY%dfh,a ck;dj fudkjd o lf<a wdf;a@
wd;d ( fudafiia ;=ud neg¿ megjdf.a uia ;s;a; m,d yd
kquqyqka frdá iuÕ blaukska wkqNj lr tA ráka
msgù hk f,i wK l<d' tA wkqj Tjqka ñirfhka
msg j f.dia r;= uqyqÈka tf;r jqKd'
BY%dfh,a ck;dj wjqreÿ m;d fï ch.%yKh
ieurejd' Tjqka fï isoaêhg cqod mdial=j hhs kï
lr mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg th ieurejd'
<uhs ( wdf;a" fÊiqia jykafia;a fï cqod mdial=j ieurejd
o@
12'2 rEmh ¡ BY%dfh,ajre mdial= fNdackh
wkqNj lsÍu
12'3 rEmh ¡ BY%dfh,a ck;dj r;= uqyqÈka
tf;r ùu
40
wd;d ( Tõ orejfka" cqfia;=ud iy ußh;=ñh fÊiq iñ÷j;a
fcreif,ï foaj ud<s.hg /f.k f.dia fï mdial=j
ieurejd'
<uhs ( yß wmQre isoaêhlafka' fï cqod mdial=j .ek lsh,d
ÿkakq wd;dg ia;=;shs'
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" Tn jykafia tod BY%dfh,a
ck;dj jy,alñka .,jd .;a;dla fuka mqxÑ wm o ish¨
Wjÿrej,ska uqod ±yeñ uÕ wm /f.k .sh uekj'
wdfuka'
mejreu
1 jryka ;=< § we;s jpkj,ska iqÿiq jpkh fhdod
ysia;eka mqrjkak'
2 cqod mdial= W;aijh ;=< meje;s úfYaI isÿùula Ñ;%hg
kÕkak'
3 cqod mdial=j ieuÍu i|yd BY%dfh,a ck;dj Ndú; l< oE
mdvñka fidhd ,shkak'
^mdial=j" fudafiia" ñirfha" mdrdfjda&
¸' BY%dfh,a ck;dj uqod .ekSfï § kdhl;ajh .;af;a
'''''''''''''''''''''' ;=ud h'
¸¸' BY%dfh,a ck;dj '''''''''''''''''''''' jy,alug m;ajQy'
¸¸¸' BY%dfh,a ck;djg ysßyer lf<a '''''''''''''''''''''' rc;=ud h'
¸¹' lf;da,sl wfma W;=ï u ux.,Hh '''''''''''''''''''''' h'
41
ÿfõ" mqf;a Thd,d wy, ;sfnkj o fï mska;+rfha ;sfnk
úfYaI isÿùu .ek@
fï lú lshjk úg Thd,g u;la fjhs tA úfYaI oji' ±ka wms
yefuda u fï lú ;d,hg .dhkd lruq'
uy n%yiam;skaod
1' fÊiq iñ÷ weßhqï lr ¡ tla Èkhl rd;%sfha
f.da,fhd fod<i u iu.ska ¡ tl fïfil /iajQfha
wka;su ? fndcqkg nj ¡ lsisfjla fkdu ±k isáfha
uy n%yiam;skaod f,i ¡ tod ;uhs kï flrefõ
13'1 rEmh ¡ fÊiq iñ÷ka f.da,hskaf.a mdo fia§u
13
42
2' kdhlhd" fiajlhl= ¡ úh hq;= nj fmkajd foñka
f.da,hkaf.a md fidaod ¡ isU .;af;a ls;= iñ÷ka
uy n%yiam;skaod Èk ¡ t;=udKka l< lS foa
wo olajd iqÿ infha ¡ mj;S fkdfjkiaj fufia
3' fÊiq iñ÷ frdáhla f.k ¡;=;s mqoñka lE,s lvd
f.da, msßfi ieug foñka ¡ mejiq W;=ï jok iod
—udf.a fï YÍrhhs ¡ Tn Wfoid fokq ,nkd
ud isys lrkd ms‚i u ¡ fuh ieu od isÿ fõjdæ˜
4' tf,i u fNdackfhka miq ¡ l=i,dkh /f.k tod
kej;;a ;=;s mqoñka ;u ¡ f.da, msßi foiu n,d
—fï udf.a reêrh fõ ¡ Tn Wfoid ud fy<kd
ud isys lrkd ms‚i u ¡ fuh ieu od isÿ fõjdæ˜
5' ÈjH i;am%idoh kï ¡ W;=ï ksOdkhla fjñka
mQcljrhhs kï ,;a ¡ ;j;a ksOdkhla f,iska
uy n%yiam;skaod Èk ¡ wka;su ? fndcqk ;=<ska
ia:dms; jQ m%idofha ¡ ksOdkhka ;E.s f,iska
6' YdÍßl iqjh i|yd ¡ l=ig wyr wejeis f,fia
wd;añl iqjh m;d ¡ yog wyr wejeis fjf;a
fm%aufha ksOdkh jk ¡ isß mQmh ,nk f,fia
Èkm;d u fjfyfiuq wms ¡ r;a;rka mqxÑ ÿfõ mqf;a
43
hdÉ[dj
wdor fÊiq iñ÷ks" ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=<ska Tn
jykafia yuqùug uu wdihs' tA i|yd yels ieu úg u ÈjH
mQcdjg iyNd.s ùug;a Tn jykafia neye±lSug;a hym;a
ls;=kq orejl= ùug;a ug msysg jqj uekj'
wdfuka'
l%shdldrlu
³ ì%iaÜ,afndaâ ;Srejla lmd .kak'
³ tys wka;su rd;%s fNdackfha § fÊiq iñ÷ka mejiQ W;=ï
joka ,shkak'
³ th mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
mejreu
1 flá ms<s;=re ,shkak'
¸' fÊiqia jykafia f.da,hkaf.a mdo fiaÿfõ ljod o@
¸¸' uy n%yiam;skaod Èk ia:dms; l< m%ido ksOdk fol
kï lrkak'
¸¸¸' mdo fia§fï § fÊiqia jykafia fmkajd ÿka W;=ï
.=Kdx.hla ,shkak'
1 flá ms<s;=re ,shkak'
44
tod bßod ojila' wfma óiï mjqf,a —iqyo yuqj˜ meje;ajqfKa
óifï ish¨ fokdf.a u tluq;=lñka yd iyfhda.fhka'
tÈk ish¨ jev lghq;= wdrïN jQfha W;=ï jQ ÈjH mQcd hd.h
isÿ lsÍfuka' ÈjH mQcdj wdrïN ùug m%:u wm ish¨ fokd
foajia:dkhg we;=¿ jqfKa fmryeßka' uq,ska u we;=¿ jQfha
O¾u¥; <ud iudcfha <uhskqhs' bka miqj ms<sfj<ska ußh
yuqodj" ;reK iñ;sh" Y%S yDoh iñ;sh" foajud;d ks¾u,
yDoh iñ;sh" oyï .=rejr .=rejßhka" mQcd Wojq iñ;sfha
fidhqrka iu. msh;=ud foajia:dkhg we;=¿ úh'
ÈjH mQcdj wdrïN lrñka msh;=ud lshd isáfha óiu fm%aufha
iudchla njhs' óiï mjq,la f,i" wm ish¨ fokd u tluq;=
lrk fm%aufha fNdackh ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia nj;a msh;=ud
meyeÈ,s lr ÿkakd' tA jf.a u óiï mjq,la f,i ieu od u
úfYaI f.!rjhlska" Nla;shlska iurk W;=ï fNdackh;a
fm%aufha iudchla f.dvkÕuq
14'1 rEmh ¡ iñ;s iud.ï fmryßka foajia:dkhg we;=¿ ùu
14
45
ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia nj lshd ÿkakd' tÈk ÈjH mQcdfõ §
fjkodg jvd wdorhlska uu;a fÊiq iñ÷ ,nd .;a;d'
ÈjH mQcd hd.h wjika jQ miq wm ish¨ fokd foajia:dk
N+ñfha iQodkï lr ;snQ ix.%yh i|yd wiqka .;a;d' ieu
mjq,lska u /f.kú;a ;snQ wdydr tl;-= lr ieu fokd w;r
fnod .;a;d' fï ix.%yh N=la;s ú¢k w;f¾ wfma óifï
msh;=ud úúO iñ;sj,ska iQodkï lr ;snQ ;E.s È<s÷ mjq,a
lsysmhla w;r fnod ÿkakd' wfma mjqf,a ieu fokd;a tu ;E.s
§u i|yd iyNd.s jqKd'
hdÉ[dj
wdor fÊiq iñ÷ks" ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=< Tn
jykafia Ôjudk nj w;aolskakg wo isg u uÕ fmkakqj
uekj'
wdfuka'
1' Tfí óifï ku ,shkak'
2' Tfí óifï Tng iyNd.s úh yels iñ;s fudkjd o@
3' <ud O¾u¥; iudchg iyNd.s ù Tng l< yels hym;a
l%shd foll a kï lrkak'
mejreu
46
wïud ( mq;d''' ÿj''' f;a fndkak tkak'
mq;d ( wïfï" fï n,kak wfma àp¾f.a ku —<ud m%§mh˜
m;a;f¾ ;sfhkjd'
ÿj ( wïfï" wmg wd.u W.kajkafk;a tA àp¾ u ;uhs'
wïud ( flda''' n,kak' wd''' àp¾ m;a;f¾g ,smshla ,sh,d'
jákd ,smshla jf.a' mq;d lshjkakfld tAl wmg;a
wefykak'
mq;d ( —Y=oaOjka; Ôú;hla .; lruq'˜
ÿfõ" mqf;a" ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia lshkafka
W;=ï u m%ido ksOdkhhs' fm%aufha m%ido ksOdkh
lshkafka;a ÈjH i;am%ido ksOdkhg uhs' b;sx fÊiq
iñ÷ yeu od u wmg yuqjkak mq¿jka fyd| u
úÈy ;uhs ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia' ÈjH i;am%ido
jykafia ,nd .kak wm fyd| iQodkulska hkak
´kE' úfYaIfhka ksjerÈ mdfmdaÉpdrKhla lsÍu
b;d u jeo.;a' fya;=j wm w;ska ±kqj;aj fyda
fkd±kqj;aj ks;r u jerÈ isÿ fjkjd' tA jf.a u
fÊiq iñ÷ ,nd .kak hk úg b;d u f.!rjfhka
yd Nla;sfhka oE;a tl;= lr je|f.k hkak ´kE'
ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=<ska fÊiq iñ÷ wm iu.
Ôjudkj jev isák nj ms<s.kak ´kE'
ÈjH mQmh ;=< fÊiq iñ÷ Ôjudkj jev isák nj
iuyre úYajdi lrkafka keye'
Y=oaOjka; Ôú;hla .; lruq15
47
uu ÿj,d" mq;d,g lshkak hkafka wúYajdih ksid isÿ jQ
m%d;syd¾hhla ms<sn|jhs' fuu m%d;syd¾hh isÿ jQfha 1374
j¾Ifha ksß;È. fko¾,ka;fha ñâ,an¾.a m%foaYfha h'
ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia .ek lsis úYajdihla ke;s" fcdaka
lsh,d ovínr ;reKfhla isáhd' fudyq mdfmdaÉpdrKh
lf<;a keye' tA;a p;dßl ld,fha tla bre Èkl fudyq ÈjH
i;am%ido jykafia ,nd .kakg ÈjH mQcdjg .shd'
yß u mqÿuhla" fcdaka fÊiq ,nd .;a úg thdg oekqKd thdf.a
lfÜ uia lE,a,la jeks fohla ;sfnk nj' fcdaka ldg;a
fydfrka ÈjH mQmh yemqjd' fcdakaf.a lg mqrd u f,a' fï
isÿùu;a iu. fcdakaf.a Ôú;h fjkia jqKd' Tyq fyd|g u
we~qjd' miqj foõ ue÷f¾ isá yefudag u wefykak lE.y,d
mdfmdaÉpdrKh l<d' tod isg Tyq hym;a Ôú;hla .; l<d'
b;ska ÿfõ" mqf;a" hym;a Ôú; .; lrkakg wmg yels
jkafk;a jerÈ foaj,ska iy kmqre foaj,ska wE;a ùug yels
jkafk;a" we;a; l;d lrkak mq¿jka jkafk;a ÈjH i;am%ido
jykafia ,nd .ekSfuka nj Tng jegfykjd fkao@ tA ksid
ÈjH i;am%ido jykafiag ieu fudfyd;l u f.!rj lrkak"
Tn ieug fÊiq msysghs'
15'1 rEmh ¡ ÈjH mQmh iy l-=i,dkh
48
hdÉ[dj
ÈjH i;am%ido fÊiqks" yels ieu úg u úYajdifhka Tn
jykafia ,nd .ekSug wmg msysg jqj uekj' tu.ska wfma
Ôú;h ,iaik l< uekj' kmqre n,fõ.j,ska wm wdrlaId
l< uekj'
wdfuka'
l%shdldrlu
Tng yels ieu úg u ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia neye±lSug yd
,nd .ekSug Wkkaÿ jkak'
mejreu
1' mdvfï i|yka <ud lf;da,sl mqj;am; l=ula o@
2' ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia wúYajdi l< ;reKhd ljqo@
3' ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ,nd .ekSu i|yd iQodkï úh hq;=
wdldr folla ,shkak'
4' kmqfrka je<lS hym;a Ôú;hla .; lsÍug wjYH Yla;sh
b,a,d l=vd hdÉ[djla ,shkak'
wïud ( yß u jákd ,smshla' mqxÑ Thd,g ú;rla fkfõ
jeäysá wmg;a jeo.;a lreKq fï ,smsfha ;sfnkjd'
49
foú mshdKkaf.a wdorhg wdorh olajuq
foú mshdKka jykafia wmg buy;a f,i wdorh olajkjd' foú
mshdKka jykafiag wm wdorh l< hq;af;a fldfydu o lsh,d
Tjqka jykafia wmg lsh,d ÿkakd' foú mshdKka jykafia
f;dard .;a ck;dj BY%dfh,a ck;djhs' Tjqka ñirfha jy,a
nfjka uqojd f.k lsßfhka yd me‚fhka msreKq foaYhla
lrd f.k hk njg foú mshdKka jykafia fmdfrdkaÿ jqKd'
tA i|yd f;dard .;af;a fudafiia ;=udjhs'
th t;rï f,fyis myiq .ukla fkdfõ' fï .ufka §
fï uyd fikÕ foú mshdKka jykafia wleue;s foaj,a
16'1 rEmh ¡ iSkhs l÷ uqÿfka § fudafiia ;=udg oi
mk; odkh lsÍu
16
50
lrkakg fm<UqKd' fï ish¨ foa ÿgq foú mshdKka
jykafia fudafiia ;=udg l;d l<d' tA jk úg Tjqka isáfha
iSkhs lkao mduq,' fudafiia ;=ud l÷ uqÿkg kex.d' ish¨
ckhd hym;a f,i Ôj;a úh hq;= wdldrh ,shd we;s oi mk;
wvx.= .,a mqjre fol foúhka jykafia Tyqg ÿkakd' ish¨
ck;djg fï mk;a lshd fok f,i foú mshdKka jykafia
fudafiia ;=udg lsjqjd' fï ;sfnkafka tA .,a mqjre folhs¦
4' ujqmshkag ix.%y lrkak
5' Ôú; úkdY fkdlrkak
6' lduñ:Hdpdrh
fkdlrkak
7' fidrlï fkdlrkak
8' fndre idlaIs fkdlshkak
9' mrodr wd,h fkdlrkak
10' wkajia;= wdid fkdlrkak
1' ienE jQ tl u foúhkag
muKla jkaokd lrkak
2' foúhka jykafiaf.a Y%S
kduh .ek fndrejgj;a
ksr¾:hgj;a fkdÈjqrkak
3' breÈk;a Kh ux., Èk;a
ksjdvq j,x.= lrkak
.=re;=ñh( Thd,d okakjd o wehs .,a mqjre foll oi mk;
,sh,d ÿkafka lsh,d@
<uhs ( àp¾" wms yß wdihs tA .ek ±k .kak'
51
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" foaj mk;a wkq.ukh lrñka wfma
Ôú; ksjerÈ lr .kakg;a" tA u.ska wm Ôj;a jk iudch
hym; lrd f.k hkakg;a wmg wjYH Y=oaOd;au uÕ
fmkaùu ,nd ÿk uekj'
wdfuka'
.=re;=ñh( m<uq .,a mqjrefõ we;s 1" 2" 3 hk foaj mk;a
uÕska wmg lshd fokafka ish¨ u foag jvd uq¿ukska
u foú mshdKka jykafiag muKla fm%au l< hq;=
njhs'
wfkla .,a mqjrefõ we;s 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9 yd 10 hk
foaj mk;aj,ska wmg W.kajkafka" ;udg fuka
u wi,a jeishkag;a fm%au l< hq;= njhs' fÊiqia
jykafia Ôj;a jQ ld,fha mgka fï foaj mk;a
fm%aufha mk;a f,i kï flreKd'
<uhs ( ia;+;shs àp¾" wmg foaj mk;a .ek lshd ÿkakdg'
.=re;=ñh( fï mk;aj,g wkqj Ôj;a ùu foú mshdKka
jykafiaf.a leue;a;hs' tA jf.a u foú mshdKka
jykafia wmg olajk wdorhg wms;a wdorh lrkak
´kE' tA ;uhs m%;sfm%auh' b;sx wm m%;sfm%auh olajkak
kï fï oi mk; wkqj Ôj;a úh hq;=uhs'
52
w ms fyd | < u hs ka fj uq
ie nE jQ t l u fo ú h ka
j y ka fia g m u K la j
ka o kd l r ka k w ka
w h g W o jq l r uq
fnd re id la Is fkd ls h ka k
i u .s fh ka Ô j ;a fj uq
u jq ms h ka g i x .% y
l r ka k ie u g u
wd o r fh ka l ;d l r uq
2' by; fldgq cd,h ;=< u hym;a Ôú;hla i|yd wdo¾Y o
imhd we;' tAjd fidhd wNHdi fmdf;a ,shkak' tA wkqj Ôj;a
ùug W;aidy lrkak' WÞ (¡ iu.sfhka Ôj;a fjuq'
3' ;=kajk mk; ms<sme§ug Tng l< yels foa fudkjd ±hs
.=re;-=ñhf.ka wid ±k .kak'
mejreu
1' my; fldgq cd,fha ieÕù we;s foaj mk;a fidhd
fjka lrkak' tAjd wNHdi fmdf;a ,shkak'
l%shdldrlu
oi mk; lg mdvï lrkak' tA wkqj Ôj;a jkak'
53
Y=oafOda;a;u msh;=ud we;=¿ wfkl=;a mQcl meúÈ ish¨ fokd
u l%sia;=ka jykafia b.ekajQ O¾uh yd Ôú;do¾Yh bÈßhg
f.k h;s¦ wm o foaj wdorh ,nd .ekSu i|yd Y=oaO jQ iNd
kdhlhkag .re lrñka wdorfhka lghq;= l< hq;= h'
wm rg md,kh lrk md,lhska" ffjoHjreka" .=rejreka"
f.dúuy;=ka" lïlrejka wdÈ ieuf.ka jk fiajh o ñ, l<
fkdyels h' Tjqkaf.a hq;=lï iy j.lSï yßhdldrj bgqlr
.ekSug wm ieu Wojq úh hq;= h'
fÊiqia jykafiaf.a wdorh ,nd .ekSug" wka whg ,nd §ug
fjfyi ù lghq;= lrk fjk;a wh o isá;s' ls;=kq tAll
kdhl kdhsldfjda ls;=kq ck;dj fjkqfjka ueÈy;aj lghq;=
lr;s' ta i`oyd foaj jpkh fnod .ksñka tlaj hÈñka fmdÿ
lghq;=j, § msh;=ukag Wojq ùu isÿ lr;s' fï wdldrhg wm-
fjkqfjka úúOdldrfhka fjfyi jk ish,a,ka Wfoid wm
hdÉ[d l< hq;= h'
l=vd wms;a wmf.a yelshd jeä ÈhqKq lr.ksñka wka whg
fiajh lsÍug lem fjuq' l%sia;=ka jykafia wkqj Èú f.jk
ienE kdhlhka ùug wms;a mqreÿ fjuq'
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" ug;a ienE kdhlfhl= f,i Tn
jykafiaf.a wdorhg idlaIs orkakg jrï ÿk uekj'
wdfuka'
55
1' Tnf.a óiu Ndr msh;=ud fjkqfjka Tng l< yels hq;=lï
folla ,shkak'
2' my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re wNHdi fmdf;a msgm;a lrf.k
úúO kdhlhkag wod< fiajdj fidhd hd lrkak'
kdhlhka
² mQcl ;=uka,d
² rfÜ md,lhska
² ls;=kq tAll kdhlhska
² mka;s kdhlhska
fiajd
² ck;dj fjkqfjka hq;=lï
bgq lsÍu
² .=re;-=ñhg iydh ±laùu
² ÈjH mQcdj meje;aùu
² heÿï fufyhka ixúOdk
lsÍu
mejreu
l%shdldrlu
j;auka iqo;=ï msh;=ud l=vd orejka flfrys olajk ohd
lreKdj úoyd ±lafjk mska;+r tl;= lr fmd;a msxpla
idokak'
56
³ uf.a ku udß *%ekaiqjd f;fria
udáka'
³ uu bmÿfKa 1873 ckjdß 02 jk Èk
m%xYfha we,kafidka k.rfha'
³ uf.a mshd ¨úia udáka' uj fi,ska
f./ka' ug ifydaor ifydaoßhka wg-
fofkls' uu mjqf,a nd,hd'
³ ud l=vd ld,fha § uf.a uj ñh .shd'
jeäuy,a fidhqßh ld¾fï,a ksldhg
we;=<;aj meúÈ Ôú;h f;dard .;a;d'
³ uu;a wjqreÿ myf<dfõ § ld¾fï,a ksldhg we;=<;aj meúÈ Ôú;h
f;dard .;a;d'
³ uu iaj¾.hg we;=¿ jqfKa 1897 iema;eïn¾ 30 jk Èkhs'
fÊiqf.a l=vd u, ùug ud W;aidy lf<a fuf,ihs'
² ud b;d l=vd ls%hd mjd b;d i;=áka yd wdorfhka bgq l<d'
² u¾ok l%shd uÕska mõldr jQ wh .<jd .ekSug ud hdÉ[d l<d'
² O¾u¥; lghq;=j, fhfok msh;=uka,d fjkqfjka hdÉ[d l<d'
² ug jerÈ l< whg ud hym; l<d'
² ud ;o n, f,i frda.S jQ úg is;g .;g ±kqK fõokd i;=áka
ord .;a;d'
fÊiq iñ÷f.a l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñh
uf.a ku udß *%ekaiqjd f;fria
uu bmÿfKa 1873 ckjdß 02 jk Èk
uf.a mshd ¨úia udáka' uj fi,ska
jeäuy,a fidhqßh ld¾fï,a ksldhg
18'1 rEmh ¡ l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñh
18
57
² ug laIh frda.h je,÷Kd' tys § ug fndfyda fõokd ±kqKd'
tA;a uu i;=áka Ôj;a jqfKa fÊiqia jykafiaf.a uy;a jQ wdorh
ksihs'
² udf.a fuf,dj wjidk jpk jQfha- ¡ —udf.a foúhks uu Tng
fndfyda fia wdorh lrñ˜ hkakhs'
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" fÊiq iñ÷f.a l=vd u,la jkakg
wmg;a Wojq jqj uekj' wm lrkd mqxÑ l%shdjl § mjd Tn
jykafiag úYajdijka;j" i;=áka tA foa lrkakg wmg msysg
jqj uekj' l=vd f;f¾id uqksjßhks" wm ksid hdÉ[d l<
uekj'
wdfuka
mejreu
1 jryka ;=<ska f;dard ysia;eka mqrjkak'
^myf<dfõ §" we,kafidka" ld¾fï,a" ¨úia&
1' l-=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñh bmÿfKa '''''''''''''''''''''''''' k.rfha
h'
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' udáka" l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñhf.a mshd fõ'
3' t;=ñh jhi wjqreÿ '''''''''''''''''''''''''' meúÈ Ôú;h f;dard
.;a;d h'
4' t;=ñh '''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;dmi ksldhg we;¿ jQjd h'
³ Tlaf;dan¾ ui 01 jk Èk l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñhf.a
ux.,Hh iurkq ,nhs'
³ O¾u¥; fiajh i|yd lemjQjkaf.a iy l=vd <uqkaf.a
kdu idka;=jßh wehhs'
58
l%shdldrlu
l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñhf.a <ud ld,h yd meúÈ Ôú;h ms<sn|
mska;+r tl ne.ska tl;= lr wNHdi fmdf;a w,jkak'
2 ^w& fldgig .e<fmk ms<s;=r ^wd& fldgiska f;dard hd
lrkak'
² f;f¾id uqksjßhf.a Wmka Èkh
² t;=ñhf.a uj
² mjqf,a ifydaor ifydaoßhka
² f;f¾id ;=ñhg je,÷fKa
² fu;=ñhf.a ux.,Hh
² wg fofkls
² laIh frda.h
² Tlaf;dan¾ 01
² fi,ska f./ka
² ckjdß 02
^w& ^wd&
59
t;=udf.a ux.,Hh ud¾;= 10
jk Èk iurkq ,efí'
bmÿfKa 1842 wfm%a,a 02 jk Èk
rg ( b;d,sh
k.rh ( uQ¾;dk
.u ( uqßwe,afvda
mshd ( pd,aia idúfhda
uj ( ì%cÜ
mjqf,a mej;s w.ysÕlï ksid
mdi,a hdug fkdyels úh'
mdi,;a" .=rejrhd;a jQfha ish
uE‚hka h'
miq ld,Skj fcdaka fndiafld
msh;=-udf.a uÕ fmkaùu hgf;a
ye§ jevqfKa h'
iaj¾.ia: jQfha 1857 ud¾;= 09
jk Èkhs'
mqxÑ fodñksla idúfhda wmg wdo¾Yhla jQ whqre
³ wêl YS;," fjfyi uykaish fkd;ld Èkm;d ÈjH mQcdjg
iyNd.s ùu
³ ÈjH i;am%ido jykafiag yd hdÉ[djg úfYaI <eÈhdjla ±laùu
³ ußh ;=ñh ;udf.a uj fuka ie,lSu yd wdorh lsÍu
³ ÿla fõokd" lror" w.ysÕlï ord .ekSu
³ ,o fohska i;=gq ùu
³ ks¾u," wjxl" neyem;a" wysxil" orefjla ùu
mqxÑ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=ud
19'1 rEmh ¡ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=ud
19
60
³ mQcd Wojq orejkaf.a kdu idka;=jrhd
fõ'
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" Y=oaO jQ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=ud
fuka neyem;a orejl= ùug ug jrï ÿk uekj'
wdfuka'
mqxÑ
fodñksla idúfhda
uqks;=ud
³ m%:u jrg ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia
,nk orejkaf.a idka;=jrhd fõ'
l%shdldrlu
<ud Y=oaOjka; Ôú; l;d fidhd lshjkak'
mejreu
1' ysia;ekg .e<fmk ms<s;=r jryka ;=<ska f;dard wNHdi
fmdf;a ,shkak'
^pd,aia idúfhda" ud¾;= 10" uqßwe,afvda" ì%cÜ" b;d,sh"
uE‚hka&
mqxÑ fodñksla idúfhda bmÿfKa '''''''''''''''''''''' kï rfÜ
uQ¾;dkd k.rfha ''''''''''''''''''''''' kï .%dufha h' fu;=udf.a
mshd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jQ w;r uj '''''''''''''''''''''''''' jQjd
h' fodñksla idúfhdaf.a mdi,;a" .=re;=ñh;a jQfha ;u
''''''''''''''''''''''''' h' Y=oaO jQ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=udf.a
ux.,Hh fh§ we;af;a ''''''''''''''''''''''''' jk Èkhs'
2' Y=oaO jQ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=udf.a Ôú; .=Kdx.j,ska
Tfí Ôú;hg tl;= lr.; yels .=Kdx. y;rla ,shkak'
^1&
^2&
^3& ^4&
^5&
^6&
61
Y%S ,xldfõ m%:u ldÈk,a ysñmdKka jQfjda w;s W;=ï f;dauia
ldÈk,a l=f¾ ysñmdfKda h' isß,lg uy;a fiajhla l<
fu;=ud flfrys foú÷kaf.a le|ùfï úúO wjia:d ms<sfj<ska
y÷kd .ksuq'
1988---¡-- -10-¡29
iaj¾.ia: ùu
w.ro.=re;=ul= ùu
ldÈk,a ;k;=rg
m;a ùu
ro.=re;=ul= ùu
mQcljrh ,eîu ^ks'u'ks&
iydh ro.=re;=ul=
ó.uqfõ Wm; ,eîu
1901-¡12-¡28
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
^6&
^7&
w;s W;=ï f;dauia ldÈk,a l=f¾ ysñmdfKda
w.ro.=re;=ul= ùu
iydh ro.=re;=ul=
20'1 rEmh ¡ w;s W;=ï f;dauia
ldÈk,a l=f¾ ysñmdfKda
20
62
.=rejreka mqyqKq lsÍu
i|yd O¾fudamfoaY
uOHia:dkh wdrïN
lsÍu
ÈjH mQcdj fy< nig
mßj¾;kh lsÍu
foõi;ay,aj, yd
mdi,aj, lf;da,sl
wOHdmkh ,nd §u
² <ud ksjdih wdrïN
lsÍu
² ld¾ñl úoHd,h
wdrïN lsÍu
² neis,sld foajia:dkh
f.dvkeÕSu
² mQcl {dkldka;s
ksjdih wdrïN lsÍu
u.af.dk
;ïñg
foaj jkaokd
i|yd
wOHdmkh
i|yd
f;aj;a;
t;=udf.a fiajfhka ì|la
63
w;s W;=ï f;dauia ldÈk,a ysñmdKkaf.a Ôú;fhka wmg .;
yels wdo¾Y
² ksy;udkslu
² foúhkag wjk; ùu
² foaj úYajdih ;=< hym;a tfårl= f,i fiajh lsÍu
² ohd lreKdfjka mõlrejka .,jd .ekSu
² È<s÷ka fj; lreKdj ±laùu
² ;u fiajh foaj uysuh Wfoid lem lsÍu
² hdÉ[dfõ Ôú;hla .; lsÍu
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" wm fjkqfjka uyÕ= fiajhla l< w;s
W;=ï f;dauia ldÈk,a ysñmdKkaf.a Ôú;h fjkqfjka" Tn
jykafiag ;=;s mqouq' t;=udKkaf.a Ôú; wdo¾Yh wkqj Èú
f.jkakg wmg o jrï ÿk uekj'
wdfuka'
mejreu
1' ±yeñ Ôú;hla .; lsÍu i|yd Tng l< yels l%shd y;rla
,shd olajkak'
2' m%:u ldÈk,a ysñmdKka úiska lrk ,o tla fiajhla kï
lrkak'
64
tla;rd ld,hl ñir foaYhg w¨;a rfcla m;a úh' Tyqf.a
ku mdrdfjda h' tu ld,fha ñir foaYfha u BY%dfh,a ck;dj
o mÈxÑj isáfhda h' fuu BY%dfh,a ck;dj ñir jdiSkag jvd
jeäfhka isá nj ÿgq mdrdfjda rc;=ud ìh úh' tneúka Tyq
BY%dfh,a ck;djg WmÈk ish¨ msßñ orejka khs,a .Õg
úislr ouk f,ig wK lf<a h' ;j o BY%dfh,a ck;djg
nr jev lsÍug o t;=ud wK lf<a h'
fï w;r BY%dfh,a cd;sl mjq,l msßñ orefjla bmÿfKa h'
Tjqyq udi ;=kla muK ryiska orejd /l n,d .;af;da h' ;j
ÿrg;a tfia lsÍug wmyiq jQ neúka orejd wdrlaId iys; mka
fmÜáhl nyd khs,a .fÕa ng m÷re w;r iÕjd ;nk ,È' tA
wjia:dfõ khs,a .Õg Èh kEug meñ‚ rc;=udf.a ¥ l=ußh
fï mka fmÜáh ÿgqjd h' weh tA fmÜáh wer n,d ,iaik
msßñ orejl= nj ±l Tyq ;u orejl= fuka yod .ekSug /f.k
.shd h' orejd c,fhka f.dv .;a ksid Tyqg zfudafiiaZ hk
kduh ;nk ,È'
fudafiia ;=ud
21'1 rEmh ¡ fudafiia ;=ud
21
65
fufia rc jdi, ;=< ish¨ iem iïm;a iys;j rc l=url= ,nk
ieu Ys,amhla u bf.k .ksñka Ôj;a ùug foúhka jykafia
fudafiiag bv ie,iQ fial' Tyqg ÿla ú¢k ck;dj fjkqfjka
ueÈy;a ùug isÿùu ksid ráka m,d hdug isÿúh' tfia m,d
f.dia ñÈhka foaYfha mÈxÑ úh' tys § ;u uduKaähf.a
neg¿ mÜáh /l n,d .ksñka isáh § fkd±fjk .sks m÷rla
wdldrfhka foúhka jykafia fudafiiag o¾Ykh úh'
21'2 rEmh ¡ fudafiiag foúhka jykafia o¾Ykh ùu
BY%dfh,a ck;djg msgj hdug bv fkdÿkafka h' tu ksid
foúhka jykafia BY%dfh,a ck;dj uqod .ekSu i|yd ñir
jdiSka fj; jix.; tùug ie,eiajQy'
kej; ñirhg f.dia
mdrdfjda rcqf.a
jy,alñka BY%dfh,a
ck;dj fmdfrdkaÿ
foaYh lrd f.k
hk f,i foúhka
jykafia fudafiiag
wK l< fial'
tfy;a mdrdfjda rcq
;u ys; ±ä lr f.k
jix.; oyh
1' j;-=r f,a ùu 6' .vq Wjÿr
2' ueä Wjÿr 7' .,a j¾Id Wjÿr
3' lsks;=¨ Wjÿr 8' m<Õeá Wjÿr
4' ueis Wjÿr 9' .k÷re Wjÿr
5' .j iïm; jekiSu 10' l=¿÷,ka ueÍu
66
miqj fudafiia ;=ud wjxlj lemùfuka yd foaj lreKdfjka
BY%dfh,a ck;dj uqod f.k fmdfrdkaÿ foaYh lrd f.k
.sfha h' tA ksid fudafiia ;=ud BY%dfh,a ck;djf.a ùrhl=
f,i ie,fla'
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" fudafiia ;=ud fuka wjxlj yd tä;rj
ug mejfrk j.lSï bgq lsÍug ud Wkkaÿ l< uekj'
wdfuka'
fudafiia ;=udf.a .=Kdx.
³ foúhka jykafia flfrys úYajdih
³ foúhka jykafiag ±lajQ lSlrelu
³ tä;rlu
³ ck;djg ±lajQ wkqlïmdj yd wdorh
³ bjiSu
mejreu
1 ^w& fldgig .e<fmk ms<s;=r ^wd& fldgiska f;dard hd lrkak'
² ueç Wjÿr
² c,fhka f.dv.;a
² mSvd lf<a h
² .sks m÷rla u.sks
² fudafiia hk kdufha w¾:h
² mdrdfjda rcq BY%dfh,a ck;djg
² foúhka jykafia fudafiiag l;d lf<a
² ñir jeishkag meñ‚ jix.;hls
^w& ^wd&
2 foúhka jykafia ñir jdiSka fj; tjQ jix.; myla ,shkak'
67
fmdf;a .=re ( ;j o tla ld,hl
rcjre ke;s hq.hl
tm%dhsï l÷ rfÜ
t,aldkd kï ñksfila úh'
ykakd kï jQ Tyqf.a ìßh
b;d ±yeñ ia;%shla jQjd h'
orejka fkdue;s ksid Tjqyq
foúhka bÈßfha ks;s m;d
hdÉ[d lf<da h'
fkdlvjd l< hdÉ[d M, .ekaù
wehg mqf;la bmÿfKa h'
wE ;u mq;=g
iduqfj,a Èjeiam%idÈ ;=ud
22'1 rEmh ¡ iduqfj,af.a le|ùu
22
68
—iñ|dKka jykafiaf.ka b,a,d
.;a neúka˜ hk f;areu we;sj
—iduqfj,a˜ hk ku ;enqjd h'
iduqfj,a ;u uj
foúhka bÈßfha jQ fmdfrdkaÿj u;
tA,S kï mQclhd <Õ
fufia ye§ jevqfKa h'
^iñ|dKka jykafiaf.a Y=oaOdikh bÈßfha iduqfj,a ks|d
isáhs' myk ±,afjhs&
foaj y~ ( iduqfj,a" iduqfj,a'
iduqfj,a( ^tA,S mQclhd <Õg f.dia& uu fuys h' Tn ug w~
.eiqfjys o@
tA,S
mQclhd ( uu y~ fkd.eiSñ' Tn f.dia ks|d .kak'
foaj y~ (^iduqfj,a h<s ks|d .kshs' iduqfj,ag h<s;a y~
wefihs& iduqfj,a" iduqfj,a'
iduqfj,a( ^tA,S mQclhd <Õg kej;;a f.dia& we;a;g u Tn
ug w~ .eiqfjys o@ fukak ud fuys h'
tA,S
mQclhd ( udf.a mq;%h" uu w~ fkd.eiSñ' kej; ks|d .kak'
^iduqfj,a h<s ks|hs' h<s;a iduqfj,a hk y~
wefia' iduqfj,a wjÈ ù tA,S mQclhd wi,g Èj hhs&
iduqfj,a ( Tn ug l;d lf<ys o@ fukak ud fuys h'
69
tA,S
mQclhd ( ̂we;a;g u foúhka jykafia <uhdg y~ .ikjd úh
yelshs'''''' ;udg u lshd .kshs& Tn f.dia ks|d .kak'
Tng kej; w~ .eiqfjd;a —iñ|dKka jykai" l;d
l< uekj' Tn jykafiaf.a fufylrejd ijka §
isákjd˜ hehs lshkak'
^kej;;a iduqfj,a" iduqfj,a hehs y~ wefia&
iduqfj,a( iñ|dKka jykai" l;d l< uekj' Tn jykafiaf.a
fufylrejd ijka § isákjd'
fuf,i foúhka jykafiaf.a fiajhg iduqfj,a le|jk ,È'
ks;r ks;r foúhka jykafia l;d lrñka ;u ck;dj hyu.
heùug Tyqg u. fmkajQ fial'
fufia iduqfj,a Èjeisjrhd fuka l=vd l, isg u wms;a foaj
y~g wjk; fjuq' hdÉ[d lr foúmshd iu. iïnkaO fjuq'
lror" ndOl ueo úYajdifhka Ôj;a fjuq'
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú iñ÷ks" iduqfj,a Èjeiam%idÈ ;=ud fuka foaj
y~ f;areï .ekSug;a wka wh foaj y~g ijka §ug fhduq
lsÍug;a ug Wojq jqj uekj'
wdfuka'
70
mejreu
1 ysia;ekg iqÿiq jpk mdvñka f;dard ,shkak'
iñ|dKka jykai" l;d l< uekj'
fufylrejd § ˜
2 my; m%fya<sldj mqrjkak'
1
2
3
id
y kd
yryg
1' l=vd ld,fha u foúhka jykafia úiska f;dard.kq ,enQ
Èjeisjrfhls'
3' iduqfj,af.a uj
my<g
2' iduqfj,af.a mshd
3 iduqfj,a Èjeisjrhd fuka Tng;a wka wh fjkqfjka
ueosy;a ùug jrï b,a,d heÿula ,shkak'
4 iduqfj,af.a le|ùu Ñ;%hg kÕkak'
71
uf.a ku t,shd
uu foúhka
jykafiag fm%au l<d'
uu foaj y~g
ijka ÿkakd'
tl u foú÷ka
fj; ck;dj
fhduq l<d'
tod BY%dfh,a ck;dj md,kh lf<a wdyí lsh,d rc
flfkla' Tyq yß u oreKq f,i ;uhs rg md,kh lf<a'
Tyq iñ|dKka jykafia bÈßfha kmqre foa l<d' ck;dj foú
iñ|dKkaf.ka wE;a lrùug l%shd l<d' fujeks ld,hl ;uhs
foúhka jykafiaf.a Èjeisjr fiajdjg ud f;dar.;af;a' wdyí
rcqf.a whym;a l%shd l,dmh ksid ud foúhka jykafiaf.a
wK mßÈ kshÕhla we;s ùug ie,eiajQjd'
foúhka jykafia jod< f,i uu tA ld,fha flß;a kï Th <Õ
ieÕj isáhd' uu j;=r îfõ tu Tfhka' ug wdydrj,ska lsis
wvqjla ;snqfK keye' foúhka jykafiaf.a wK mßÈ lmqgka
ug Woh iy ijia ld,fha lEug frdá iy uia ÿkakd'
Èjeisjr t,shd
23'1 rEmh ¡ t,shd Èjeisjrhd
23
72
tfy;a ál ojila hk úg jeiai ke;s ksid Th is£ .shd'
kej;;a iñ|dKka jykafia jod< mßÈ t;ekska msg;aj
Ydfrm;a k.rhg f.dia Ôj;a jqKd'
tys § o iñ|dKka jykafiaf.a wKg lSlre ù jekaoUq ia;%shla
wehg iy wef.a mq;%hdg lkakg ;snQ wka;su msá áflka iEÿ
frdá o îug j;=r o f.k;a ÿkakd' iñ|dKka jykafiaf.a
wKg lSlre jQ ksid tu ia;%shf.a msá n÷k kshÕh bjr jk
f;la wvq jQfha keye'
ál ojila hk úg tu jekaoUq ia;%shf.a mq;d fyd|g u
frda.d;=r ù yqiau .ekSu k;r jqKd' uu foúhka jykafiag
lkak,jq lrñka hdÉ[d l<d' uf.a y~g Wkajykafia ijka
ÿkakd' jekaoUq ia;%shf.a mq;dg kej; Ôú;h ,nd ÿkakd'
23'2 rEmh ¡ lmqgka u.ska t,shd Èjeisjrhdg wdydr ,nd §u
73
fï ld,h w;r ;=r wdyí rc
iy ck;dj foú÷ka fj;g
fhduq lsÍfï jqjukdj ug ;Èka
u ±kqKd' tA ksid uu wdyí rc
yuqùug .shd' Tyq úiska lrk ,o
whym;a foaj,a .ek lshd ÿkakd'
;j o BY%dfh,a fikÕg ienE
foúhka ljqreka ±hs Tmamq
lsÍug ld¾fu,a lkao u;
mQcdjla iQodkï l<d' tys § jQ isÿ
ùfuka miq wmf.a foú iñ|dKka
jykafia ienE jQ tl u foúhka
jykafia u nj ck;dj ms<s.;a;d'
Tjqka kej; is;a yrjd .;a;d'
kshÕh o fl<jr jqKd' foúhka
jykafia yd ck;dj w;r ÿria jQ
in|;dj kej; f.dvkeÕ=Kd'
mejreu
1 mdvfuka fidhd flá ms<s;=re imhkak'
¸' BY%dfh,a ck;dj md,kh l< rcq ljqo@
¸¸' t,shd ieÕj isáfha lskï Th <Õ o@
¸¸¸' t,shd foúhka jykafiag mQcdjla Tmamq lf<a l=uk
lkafoa § o@
¸¹' kshÕh mej;s ld,fha § t,shdg ,enqKq wdydr fudkjd
o@
¹' t,shd úiska kshÕhla we;s ùug ie,eiajQfha wehs@
2 t,shd Èjeisjrhd fuka foúhka jykafia woydf.k tA wkqj
lghq;= lsÍug wjYH jrï m;d l=vd hdÉ[djla ,shkak'
23'3 rEmh ¡ ld¾fï,a lkao u; mQcdjla Tmamq
lsÍu
74
by;ska ±lafjkafka odú;a rc;=ud foúhka jykafiaf.ka
w;aÿgq wdorh yd u`. fmkaùu ms<sn`o ,shejqKq .S;hls' tys§
foúhka jykafia ;u hym;a tf`ârdKka f,i úia;r lrhs'
ks,a ;K f.d,af,a ud i;mkafka
iñ`ÿ tfårdfKda
wdor uqúfka joka iuka u,a
ud yo mqnqÿ flf¾$$
oEi u fkdmshd fkdks|d iñ`od
md ,siaiSug fkdufohs lsisod$$
.,jhs kmqfrka hk tk u`. ud
me;=ï yeug u`. Tn bgq foú|d$$
rc jQ tf`âr <uhd
24'1 rEmh ¡ odú;a neg¿jka
n,d .ekSu
24'2 rEmh ¡ ùKd jdokh
lrk odú;a
odú;a rc;=udf.a
mshd fciafia úh'
odú;a" rc ùug
fmr neg¿jka
n,d .kakd
tf`âfrla úh' Tyq
;u neg¿jkag
lrorhla ùug bv
fkd§ wdrlaId lr
.;af;a h' tfuka
u Tyq olaI ùKd
jdolfhla o úh'
24
75
24'3 rEmh ¡ iduqfj,a úiska odú;a wNsfIal lrkq ,eîu
odú;a rc;=udf.a hym;a l%shd ³ ieu úg u foúhka jykafia flf¾ úYajdih ;eîu¦ foaj .re
ìh ±laùu
³ fjk;a foújrekag jkaokd fkdlsÍu
³ ;udg fmr isá idjq,a rcqg ;snQ wikSmh ñysß ùKd
jdokfhka iqj lsÍu
³ ;udg jerÈ l< whg iudj §u yd ;u jerÈ .ek wjxlj
ÿla ùu
tjlg rc l< idjq,a rcq foúhka jykafiaf.a wK mßÈ
Ôj;a fkdù h' tA ksid Èkla foúhka jykafia iduqfj,a kï
Èjeisjrhdg l;d fldg BY%dfh,a ck;dj md,kh lsÍug
w¨;a rfcl= m;a lrkakehs mejiQ fial' tA i|yd foúhka
jykafiaf.a ie,eiau wkqj iduqfj,a úiska fciafiaf.a
mq;%fhda le|jk ,oy' Tjqka w;ßka nd,hd jk odú;a foúhka
jykafiaf.a leue;a; mßÈ ifydaorhka ish¨ fokd bÈßfha
rcq f,i wNsfIal lrk ,È'
76
hdÉ[dj
foúhka jykafia flfrys úYajdih ;nd lghq;= lsÍug;a
wmf.a olaI;dj,ska wka whg fiajh lsÍug;a wmg wjYH
jrï odkh l< uekj'
wdfuka'
^ùKd" iduqfj,a" fciafia" tf`âfrla&
¸' rc ùug fmr odú;a '''''''''''''''''''''''''' úh'
¸¸' odú;a rfcl= f,i wNsfIal lrkq ,enqfõ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
úiska h'
¸¸¸' odú;a olaI ''''''''''''''''''''''''' jdolfhls'
¸¹' odú;af.a mshd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' úh'
2 odú;a rc;=udf.a l;dfõ is;a.;a wjia:djla Ñ;%hg kÕkak'
mejreu
1 my; i|yka fþofha ysia;ekaj,g wod< jpk jryk
;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'
77
fÊiqia jykafia f.kfir;a ú, wi, isá fial' ú, whsfka Tre folla úh' ëjrfhda Tjqkaf.a ±,a fidaoñka isáhy'
fÊiqia jykafia iSfudka fmaÿref.a Trejg keÕ iuQyhdg foaYkd lr;s
iajdókS ud
fj;ska bj;ajkak'
uu mõldrfhlañ'
ìh fkdjkak"
fu;eka isg Tn
ñksiqka Èkkq we;'
iajdókS wms uq¿ ? u fjfyi jQ kuq;a
lsisjla fkd,Èuq' tfy;a Tn lshk fiala kï
±,a fy,uq'
fmaÿre ;=udf.a le|ùu
uiqka w,a,k ms‚i ÈhUg
f.dia ±,a fy,kak'
Y=oaO jQ fmaÿre ;=ud
foaYkh ksu jQ miq fÊiqia jykafia l;d fldg
úYd, uiqka ?kla ±,g yiqfj;s'
25
78
fcdykaf.a mq;% jQ iSfudka" fudjqkag jvd
Tn ug fm%au lrkafkys o@
fcdykaf.a mq;% jQ iSfudka" Tn ug fm%au
lrkafkys o@
tfia h" iajdókS" ud Tng fm%au lrk nj
Tn okakd fial'
tfia h" iajdókS" ud Tng fm%au lrk nj
Tn okakd fial'
fÊiq;=uka wkqj hñka fmaÿre ;=ud Wkajykafiag lSlre ù
Wkajykafia wkqj .sfha h' tA wkqj fÊiqia jykafiaf.a m<uq
wfmdaia;=¨jrhd ùfï Nd.Hh ,eì‚'
fmaÿre (
fmaÿre (
fÊiqia jykafia m<uq jr l;d lrñka
fÊiqia jykafia fojk jr l;d lrñka
fÊiqia jykafia (
fÊiqia jykafia (
fÊiqia jykafia (
fÊiqia jykafia (
udf.a neg¿ megjqka fmdaIKh lrkak'
udf.a neg¿jkaf.a tfård jkak'
;=ka m%ldr Ndrh
fÊiqia jykafia u<jqkaf.ka W;a:dk jQ miq Y%djlhkag
o¾Ykh jQ fial' tfia o¾Ykh jQ tla wjia:djl § fmaÿre
;=udf.ka tl u wdldrfha m%Yak ;=kla wikq ,eî h' thg
ÿka ms<s;=r wkqj fmaÿre ;=udg fÊiqia jykafia j.lSï ;=kla
mjrk ,È' th ;=ka m%ldr Ndrh f,i Y=oaO jQ nhsn,fha
±lafõ' ^cqjdï 21(15¡17&
79
wms;a wmf.a mjq, ;=< yd mdi, ;=< wmg mejÍ we;s j.lSï
wdYdfjka bgq lruq' tu j.lSï wjxlj u bgq lsÍug Yla;sh
,nd fok foú÷kag ia;+;s m%Yxid lruq'
.=rejrekag .re
lruq
foujqmshkag
lSlre fjuq
fyd| foaj
orefjda fjuq
mjqf,a ieug
Wojq lruq
ifydaor
ifydaoßhka
fyd¢ka n,d
.ksuq
fyd|g bf.k
.ksuq
mdif,a fyd|
kdhlfhda fjuq
wka whg
wdo¾Yhla fjuq
fmaÿre ;=ud fÊiq iñ÷kag wdorh l< ksid Y=oaO jQ iNdfõ
kdhlhd úh' wms o fÊiq iñ÷kaf.a ienE f.da,hka ùug kï
t;=ukag wfma uq¿ yoj;ska u wdorh lruq'
fcdykaf.a mq;% jQ iSfudka Tn ug fm%au
lrkafkys o@
iajdókS Tn ish,a, okakd fial' ud Tn
jykafiag fm%au lrk nj Tn jykafia
okakd fial'
fmaÿre (
fÊiqia jykafia ;=kajk jr l;d lrñka
fÊiqia jykafia (
fÊiqia jykafia ( udf.a neg¿jka fmdaIKh lrkak'
80
hdÉ[dj
wdor foú mshdfKks" fmaÿre ;=ud fuka ud yg;a ls;=kq
kdhlhl= ùug le|ùula ÿka ksid Tn jykafiag ia;=;shs'
fyd| kdhlhl= f,i wka ish¨ fokdg u wdorfhka
fiajh lsÍug mqxÑ ug;a Tn jykafiaf.a jrï ÿk uekj'
wdfuka'
l%shdldrlula
² fmaÿre ;=udf.a ;=ka m%ldr Ndrh wvx.= fmdaiagrhla
ks¾udKh lr m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
mejreu
1 my; jels ljqreka úiska ld yg lshk ,oafoa o@
¸' —uiqka w,a,k ms‚i .eUqrg f.dia ±,a fy,kak'˜
¸¸' —iajdókS" ud fj;ska bj;a jqj uekj' uu mõldrfhlañ'˜
¸¸¸' —iSfudka Tn ug fm%au lrkafkys o@˜
2 my; we;s j.=fjys wkjYH wl=re lmd ieÕù we;s jelsh
f;dard ,shkak'
ud w
w I w w w l ka
k
w w w
w
rhK
f.a
fmda
w ne w w w w ka wj¿g
3 mjq, yd mdi, ;=< Tn fyd| kdhlhl= f,i l%shd lrk
wdldrh j.= .; lrkak'
mjq, mdi,
1'
2'
3'
81
wfmdaia;=¨jrekaf.a úYajdi ,laIKh
wyi fmdf<dj uejq i¾j n,OdÍ jQ ms;djk foúhka flfrys o Tyqf.a
tAl mq;% jQ wmf.a iajdó jQ fÊiqia l%sia;=ka flfrys o úYajdi lrñ' Tjqka
jykafia iam%S;= idka;= úiska .en jei" lkH ußh;=ñhf.ka Wmkakdy'
fmdkaisfhda ms,d;a yg hgy;aj jo ú| l=reisfha weK .eiqïld Wl=;a ù
;ekam;a lrk ,oaody' md;d,hg nei ;=ka jeks od u<jqka flfrka W;a:dk
lr jodrd" mruKav,j,g ke.S ish¨ n,e;s jQ foú mshdKkaf.a ol=Kq
md¾Yajfhys jev isákakdy' tys isg Ôj;=kag;a u<jqkag;a kvq jodrkag
jä;au h' iam%S;= idka;= flfrys o idOdrK idka; iNdfõ o" idka;=jrekaf.a
ifudai O¾u,dNfhys o mdm laIudfjys o udxY W;a:dkfhys o wkka;
Ôú;fhys o úYajdi lrñ' wdfuka'
ohdêl ukia;dmh
udf.a foúhks" uu Tn jykafiag wkor l< ksid fndfyda- fia úlafIdam
fjñ' udf.a mdmj,ska ud iodld, ksrd.skakg ysñ jQ fyhska o udf.a
ohdnr fÊiqia l%sia;=ia iajdñ orejka l=reifha weK .eiQ fyhska o úfYaI
fldg i¾j ohd hym;alï we;a;d jQ Tng wkor l< fyhska o ish¨ foag
jvd tAjdg ffjr lrñ' ud l< ish¨ mdmj,g udf.a uq¿ yDofhka laIudj
b,a,ñ' Tn jykafiaf.a msysfgka ñka u;= mõ fkdlr isákakg;a mdm
m%ia;dj,ska je<lS isákakg;a tAldka;fhka u fmdfrdkaÿ fjñ' wdfuka'
Woh wdrdOkdj
ish¨ foa ujd md,kh lrk foúhks" Tnf.a lreKd woyiska ud ,enQ Wmldr
rdYsh Wfoid o úfYaIfhka miq.sh rd;%sfha ud kiskakg bv fkd§ wdrlaId
l< ksid o wfkal jrla Tng ia;+;s lrñ' Tnf.a wK mk;a fYaIhlaj;a
fkdjrojd fï oji .; lrk f,i fmdfrdkaÿ ù udf.a l,amkd jpk
yd l%shd ish,a, u Tng iaf;da;% fldg mqoñ' tfia fyhska udf.a .;g yd
m%dKhg hï úm;la fkdfh§ Tnf.a leue;a; mßÈ O¾ufhka mej; ud
fudalaI iq.;shg iqÿiafil= jk ms‚i lreKdlr jod< uekj' wdfuka'
rd;%s wdrdOkdj
ukqIHhka ksoyia fldg .ef,õjdjQ fÊiqia iajdñorefjks" wo ojfia
ud úiska l< ish¨ jerÈ laIud lrjd" fï rd;%sfha iÈ urKfhka ud
fkdkeis" kmqre iajmak wdÈ jQ hlaI mÍlaIdj,g ud wiq fkdù udf.a .;g
yd m%dKhg;a lsis wmyiqjla ke;=j ke.S isg" Tng iaf;da;% lshk ieáhg
lreKdlr jod< uekj' wdfuka'
9 mdvu
fmdÿ hdÉ[d
weuqKqï wxl 1
82
;=ka ld,fha wdrdOkdj
fufyhjkakd(
iajdókaf.a ¥;hd ußh;=ñhg ie<lf<a h'
ms<s;=r' túg iam%S;= idka;= úiska .¾NŒ jQjd h' ^kfuda ußh& ''''
fu'j' fï uu iajdóka jykafiaf.a odiSñ'
ms<s' Tn lS jpkh f,i ug isÿfõjd' ^kfuda ußh& '''''''
fu'j' jpkh f;u o udxY jqfKa h'
ms<s' wm iu. o jdih lf<a h' ^kfuda ußh& '''''''
fu'j' l%sia;= ;=ukaf.a jdlaod;j,g wm fya;=jka; jk f,i"
ms<s' lkHd Y=oaO jQ foaj ud;dfjks" wm ksid hdÉ[d l< uekj'
hdÉ[d lrïy
iajdókS" iqr¥;hd ie,l< jpkfhka Tnf.a mq;% jQ l%sia;= ;=ukaf.a ukqIHhd ùu
±k.;a;d jQ fï wms" t;=ukaf.a ÿla m%dma;sh yd l=reish Wfoid fudalaI m%;dm
uysu;dfjka udxfYda;a:dkh ,nk f,i" wmf.a wd;au Tnf.a lreKd m%idohg
fya;= hqla; fldg jod< uekj'
fï lS foa wfma iajdó jQ fÊiqia l%sia;=ka Wfoid u ,efíjdæ wdfuka' ^;%s;aj
iaf;da;%h ;=ka jrla WÉpdrKh lrkak'&
mdial= ld,fha ;=ka ld, wdrdOkdj ^wdf,a¨hshd fikiqrdod isg
Y=oaOd;au ux.,H Èk olajd&
³ mrf,dl rdfÊYajßks' wdkkao ikaf;daI fõjd
wdf,a¨hshd'
² tA lsïoh;a Tnf.a Y%S l=ifhys jdih lrkakg wNsm%dh l< f;u' wdf,a¨hshd'
³ ;uka jykafia fmr jÞ< m%ldrfhka keÕS jÞ< fial'
wdf,a¨hshd'
³ lkHd ußh ;=ñhks wdkkao ikaf;daI fõjd'
wdf,a¨hshd'
³ tA lsïoh;a iajdñ orefjda ieneúka u ke.S jod< fial'
wdf,a¨hshd'
hdÉ[d lrïy
i¾fõYajr jQ foúhks" Tnf.a mq;% jQ l%sia;= ;=ukaf.a udxfYda;a:dkfhka f,dalh
ikaf;daI lrkakg lreKd wNsm%dh lr jod< fõ o@ Tjqka jykafiaf.a ud;djka
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83
3'1" 10'1" 10'2" 12'1" 12'2" 12'3" 13'1" 15'1" 16'1" 18'1" 19'1" 20'1" 21'1" 21'2" 22'1" 23'1" 23'2" 23'3 hk
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84