1

( ) (LEXICAL COLLOCATIONS) (IDIOMS) -

Abstract

Between id ioms and free phrases there is supposed to be a part of vocabulary, which is called lexical collocations. Collocations and id ioms belong to what is called semantic phrasemes (Mel uk 1998:30). Purpose of this study is to define and describe lexical collocations in relation to id ioms and to establish features of d istinction between these two phraseological sets. Collocations and idioms are investigated in the V + NP structure.

-

, , , , , .

1. i

.

(free phrases/ combinations)

(idioms). Howarth (1998a:28)

(continuum) ,

. blow :

1

Free combinations Restricted collocations

Figurative idioms

Pure idioms

Lexical composites

blow a trumpet blow a fuse ( )

blow your own trumpet

( )

blow the gaff (

)

Mel uk (1998:27-30) , -

(semi-phrasemes),

(phrasemes), .

Mel uk

-

, ,

.

, .

2

2

/

, ,

,

.

2.

.

/ (Howarth 1998a:28).

(1) . want toys, a child, a drink, a car, truth .

. / , ,

(compositionality principle),

(Lyons 1995:204).

( & 2002) ( &

1999).

3. (idioms)

3.1.

Mel uk (1998:29) idiom ,

+ . ,

.

.

(2) spill the beans ( ), pull [N s] leg ( )

(1989, 1993) & (2002)

.

, ,

3

. & (2002:182) ,

:

) :

.

) : .

(3)

(« » (1993:274))

.

, ,

.

Gibbs et al (1989), Nunberg et al (1994),

.

(analyzability),

. , ,

. , ,

, , ,

, (figuration), , , .

(Nunberg et al 1994):

) ,

(idiomatically combining expressions).

(4) . spill the beans

.

,

) ,

: (idiomatic phrases)

(5) . kick the bucket ( )

. , ,

,

.

3.2. ii

:

4

.

,

.

(figuration). ,

.

.

. :

1) /

) :

(6) , , ,

) :

(7)

) + :

(8) ,

,

:

(9)

(10) / ( )

(11)

(12 ( )

+

2) . :

(13)

3) :

(14) /* , /* , /*

4) . , , :

(15)

( ),

( )

5

5) - (1999:343)

:

(16) ?

6) - (1999:343)

:

(17) ?

4.

( ).

:

(18) + ( ): ,

(19) + : , iii

(20) + : ,

4.1.

Mel uk (1998:30), ,

, , [ = + ],

. ,

.

(21) . land ( ) a job, do a favour, launch ( ) an attack, stand ( )

comparison

.

, , ,

.

.

. , , « »

.

4.2.

,

:

,

,

..

.

6

.

.

(22) , ,

, ,

.

(restricted collocability)

.

(restricted substitutability)

.

:

1)

( )

(Nesselhauf 2003):

(23) . dial a number

. ( , ) ,

2)

(specialized) (Howarth 1998a, Cowie 1992).

. « »

:

) (figurative):

(24) . abandon a principle, dismiss the suggestion

. , , ,

) (technical sense),

(Cowie 1992):

(25) . enact measures, draft the legislation

.

( ), (

)

3)

.

(26) . make a speech, make noise, make changes, make an effort

give a laugh, give information, give advise, give interview

take a look, take a photo, take a decision, take time

have a look, have a talk, have influence, have a think

. , ,

, , ,

7

, ,

,

,

.

,

Stavrakaki (1998:171-2) : , , , , (1987)

, , , , , , , , .

& (1999:336)

, : , , iv.

,

.

. ,

:

(27) / ? , / *

anti-collocation (Pearce 2001). anti-

collocations collocations.

.

,

. :

1) /

) :

(28) , ,

) :

(29) , ,

) :

(30) ,

,

:

(31) ,

8

) :

(32) , ,

.

,

:

(33)

( )

( )

(34)

(35) ( )

(36)

+

2) .

(37) ,

3) .

.

(38)

( + )

vs.

(« » )

4.3.

.

, (lexical

substitution) .

. Howarth (1998b:169-70)

.

:

(39) adopt/accept/agree to a proposal/suggestion/recommendation/convention/plan

:

, ,

:

9

(40) introduce/table/bring forward a bill/an amendment

:

(41) pay/take heed, give the appearance/impression

:

(42) curry favour

,

.

.

,

.

:

3

-

,

( )

-

,

/

,

/

,

, ,

,

. .

.

10

. ,

, ,

,

.

,

.

Howarth ,

, .

, .

5.

,

.

.

. ,

( , , / ,

).

.

.

,

. , ,

:

.

i , . . .

ii

, . . ( ),

( ). iii + , . , . 2002. « (lexical collocations)

11

».

22, 253-264.

.

iv , . , ( ). « ( ) (restricted lexical collocations)

( , . .) ». 2

/ .

:

.

Cowie, A.P. 1992. Multiword Lexical units and Communicative Language Teaching . Arnaud

P. & H. Bejoint (eds). Vocabulary and Applied Linguistics. London: Macmillan.

Cowie, A.P. (ed). 1998. Phraseology:Theory, Analysis and Applications. Oxford: O.U.P.

, . & . . 2002. «

». 22, 180-191.

Gibbs, R., N. Nayak, & C. Cutting. 1989. How to Kick the Bucket and not Decompose:

Analyzability and Id iom Processing . Journal of Memory and Language 28, 576-93.

Howarth, P. 1998a. Phraseology and Second Language Proficiency . Applied Linguistics 19/ 1,

24-44.

Howarth, P. 1998b. The Phraseology of Learners Academic Writing . Cowie, A.P. (ed). 1998.

Phraseology:Theory, Analysis and Applications. Oxford: O.U.P.

, . & . . 1999. , . :

.

Lyons, J. 1995. Lingustic Semantics. Cambridge: C.U.P.

Mel uk, I. 1998. «Collocations and Lexical Functions». Cowie, A.P. (ed). Phraseology:Theory,

Analysis and Applications. Oxford: O.U.P.

, . 1987: « , ».

8, 345-377.

Nesselhauf, N. 2003. The use of collocations by advanced learners of English and some

implications for teaching . Applied Linguistics 24/2: 223-242.

Nunberg, G., I. Sag, & Wasow T. 1994. Idioms . Language 70/3, 491-538.

Pearce, Darren. 2001. Synonymy in Collocation Extraction . Proceedings of the NAACL 2001

Workshop on WordNet and Other Lexical Resources: Applications, Extensions and

Customizations. CMU.

Stavrakaki, S. 1998: «Kano: The case of a light verb in MG». 12th International Symposium of

Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, vol. 1, 171-185.

, . 1988. « -

».

9, 223-241.

, . 1993. « :

». 14, 273-292.

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