Leveraging Smart Metering for the The Smart Grid...• Data Collection Computers • Optional • Home Area Network (HAN) Capability • Thermostats, Displays, Load Control • Data

Copyright © 2008 Elster Group All Rights Reserved. Elster and its logo, are trademarks of Elster Group 1

Leveraging Smart Metering for the The Smart Grid

Jack Robertson

Smart Metering – Metering International Feb. 26, 2008

Copyright © 2008 Elster Group 2

Vision of Smart Grid• Smart Grid is an evolving concept

• Self healing distribution power grid

• Grid free of disturbances such as sags, swells, interruptions

• Reliable and secure communications

• Accommodates a wide variety of generation options

• Optimized Asset Utilization

• Reduce O&M expenses

• DSM – Home Area Network (HAN)

• Extends from generation to the end customer


Vision of Smart Grid Initiatives

The Smart Grid is enabled in part by the convergence of technologies used across the Utility


Smart Grid

• Implementation of Smart Grid suggests a large number of sensors

• Key barrier in the past to deployment of such sensors has been the lack of cost-effective sensors and communications

• This barrier is partially removed with the installation of an AMI system


AMI

The Advanced Grid and AMI

Cost per point

Num

ber

of C

omm

unic

atio

n P

oint

s

Distribution

Transmission

Generation


• Depending on the LAN/WAN utilized data will be available with different degrees of latency

• Triggered Data – close to real time• Outage

• Restoration

• Miscellaneous flags

• On Demand Data initiated by users

• Periodic Data – daily• Scheduled Reads

• Interval data

• Voltage min /max

• Tamper

• Power Quality

• Max demand

AMI Data Availability


Elements of an Advanced Meter Infrastructure AMI

• All AMI systems have the following elements:

• Smart Meters – load profile, demand, voltage

• Collectors

• Two Way Communications• Local Area Networks (LANs)

• Wide Area Networks (WANs)

• Data Collection Computers

• Optional

• Home Area Network (HAN) Capability• Thermostats, Displays, Load Control

• Data Repositories for handling large volumes of interval data• Operation support, Web posting

• Grid Devices


AMI Architectures

• Covers the Utilities’ entire service territory

• Inside the firewall/outside the firewall

• Typically two main architectures to date

• Tower licensed networks

• Mesh unlicensed radio

• Traditional Power Line Carrier lacks bandwidth for AMI but may be only option in rural

• Broadband Power Line

• Facing cost and technical obstacles


Inside the Firewall Typical IT Architecture

SCADA

Dist AutoIntegration

Planning


LANLAN

LANLAN

LANLAN

LANLAN

LANLAN

LANLAN

LANLAN

LANLANLANLAN

LANLAN

LANLAN

LANLAN

LANLAN

LANLAN

Head End Software

Mesh Architecture

Distributed WANCollector in each LAN

LANLAN

Sub-LANs are fluidMeters can migrate to different collectors

WAN ConnectionsIP, Cell, Phone

Distributed WANCollector in each Sub-LANHundreds of meters per sub LAN

LAN

Utility Territory


Head End SoftwareTower Architecture

Distributed WANCollector in each LAN

Utility Territory

Tower CollectorsTens of thousands of meters per collector

LAN

LAN

WAN IP,Cell, Phone

Point to point Limited healingRedundancy through tower overlap


Automated Grid Initiative

•An AMI implementation allows inexpensive electrical measurement and communication points throughout the entire service territory

•The challenge is to have low cost sensor installations to feed them


Some Smart GRID Applications that can be Leveraged through AMI

• Theft detection

• Monitor Distribution Transformers to aggregate and compare loads

• Outage and Restoration Notification

• Asset Management with actual load interval data

• Load flow information for load and loss evaluations

• Cap bank (VAR) control

• Loss optimization through voltage monitoring

• Know your min max daily voltages at all points, even endpoints

• Power Quality Monitoring

• Voltage Profiling, sags, swells

• SAIDI and CAIDI, etc.

• Fault Location, blown fuse indication, loss of phase

• Preventive maintenance

• Monitor transformer and equipment loading

Copyright © 2008 Elster Group All Rights Reserved. Elster and its logo, are trademarks of Elster Group 14

Smart Grid Building Blocks


AMI DSM Applications

• Home Automation

• In Home Displays

• Thermostat control

• Load Control

• Most AMI Supports similar Water and GAS Metering capabilities for Smart Networks


Sensorlink

• Low Voltage Transformer Secondary Monitoring Integrated Sensor

• Description: 240 V voltage and current sensor integrated with a REX2 meter.

Building Blocks - The Advanced Grid and AMI

Padmount transformer version


Lindsey Medium Voltage Line Sensor

• Status: Sensor is commercial –interface in beta design

• Feeds directly to Smart Meter• Field test in 2008



ABB Medium Voltage Recloser

• Description: 15-38 kV voltage and current sensor integrated with an Alpha meter.

• Status: Commercial Product


Smart Meter fed from Recloser sensors


FMI Medium Voltage Line Sensor• Description:

• Rated voltage from 4 kV thru 69 kV

• Hook-shaped current sensor covers <1A to >1 kA

• Sensors have 0.3% metering accuracy

• Powered off energized line

• Weight <15 pounds at 25 kV

• Modular design, low cost

• Live line installation spanning 4 - 11 feet to neutral (typical for 25 kV)

• Exceeds dielectric type test requirements for IEEE C57.13 and IEC 60044-7

• Status: in design (beta stage)• Field test in 2008 with Burlington

Hydro

FieldMetrics MetPod Lite


Current Monitor0.75” slot

Voltage Monitorand Power Supply

Meter

Neutral

HV

Neutral Braid used

during installation

Bare conductor

FieldMetrics MetPod Lite

Smart Meter


Loss Detection PilotCompare Transformer interval data to individual loads

MAS

Collector

XML File with 7 days of dataProof of Concept Application


• How do we leverage AMI to improve network operation and planning ?

• What are the Application Requirements ?• Data rate requirements ?

• Application interface requirements ?

• Stand Alone or Integrated Applications ?

• What are the security requirements?• Cyber security

• Robustness

• What building blocks are required ?• LV Sensors/ MV Sensors/Reclosers/Switches/Capacitor Control, fault

locators

• Others ?

• How does this fit into the Utility Processes ?• Metering, SCADA, Operations, Maintenance

Key Issues - The Advanced Grid and AMI


• What are the communication latency requirements?

• What are the communication back bones going to be

• Where are the protocol interoperability points

• Many application driven protocols in use

• The opportunity is significant, and will be an evolving process

• Remember when you first tried to justify a computer in the office?

• What about installation of a LAN? Do you remeber the business case? What is the business case today?

Key Issues - The Advanced Grid and AMI

JUST DO IT!

Copyright © 2008 Elster Group 24Copyright © 2006 Elster Group All Rights Reserved. Elster and its logo, are trademarks of Elster Group

Thank You!

Documents

Leveraging Smart Metering for the The Smart Grid...• Data Collection Computers • Optional • Home Area Network (HAN) Capability • Thermostats, Displays, Load Control • Data