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Leveraging Shared Talent
-The Future of Canadian-Chinese Cooperation
Dr. Eva Busza and Kenny Zhang Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada
Presentation to Conference on Transforming Canada-China Educational Cooperation: Significant Legacies and Future Challenges
May 9-10, 2014, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Outline
I. Introduction
II. Key Research Findings
III. Policy Recommendations
IV. Conclusion
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I. Introduction: A New Era in Human
Capital Mobility
Global development
Where China and Canada fit in the new landscape
An opportunity for deepening China-Canada cooperation
Leveraging shared talent: A CCHCD joint project
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II. Key Research Findings
To understand the human capital flows between Canada and China;
To identify key factors that contribute to the bilateral human capital flows; and
To develop and share policy recommendations and good practices to improve the management of human capital flow between the two countries.
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1) Characteristics of Human Capital
Flows between Canada and China
The scale of human capital exchange increases significantly.
The composition of the human capital flows becomes diversified,
including immigrants/residents, international students and foreign
workers.
The direction of human capital flows is no long a one-way street,
but a two-way exchange.
The shared talent pool is growing (The human capital exchanges
created multiple attachments to both countries).
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Evidence: Flows from China to
Canada
Entry Category(2000-2012)
Canada Total
Those from China
Share of China in Total (%)
Immigrants 3,201,691 435,718 14%
International Students 1,036,800 168,337 16%
Foreign Workers 2,498,964 24,181 1%
Transition from IS or FW to IM* 97,519 28,085 29%
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Source: CIC Facts and Figures, 2009, 2010, 2012;
* (2001-2010) date request tracking number: RE-12.0382 6
Evidence: Flows from Canada to
China
Entry Category China TotalThose from
CanadaShare of Canada
in Total (%)
Foreign Residents (2010)* 593,832 19,990 3%
International Students (2012)** 328,330Less than
4000 1%
Work Permits (2012)*** 200,000 ? ?
Foreign Experts (Selected 5 countries: 2008-2012)**** 96,714
12,796(27% born in
China) 13%
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Source: *China’s NBS, 2010 Census;
http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/201104/t20110429_30329.html;
**China Association for International Education: http://www.cafsa.org.cn/index.php?mid=6&tid=615;
***CCTV: http://news.cntv.cn/china/20120307/116425.shtml
****CAPS presentation 2012: http://www.asiapacific.ca/sites/default/files/7-canadian_experts_in_china.pdf
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Shared Talent
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Canada China
Shared Talent
(Attached to both sides)
• International Migration
• International Education
• International Employment
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2) Factors Affecting Human Capital Flows
between China and Canada
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Flows of Human Capital
Government Policy
School/ University
Professional Organization and
NGOEmployer
Mobile Individual
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3) Talent Strategies & LimitationsCurrent Approach – Competition Strategies:
Selecting talent: from supply-driven to demand-driven.
Building the pathway from a temporary stream to permanent one.
Recruiting foreign students.
Leveraging Diasporas.
Limitations:
Current strategies see benefits of talent from one-way flow, rather than from
two-way circulation.
Current strategies are strong in recruiting talent, but weak in using them.
Current strategies emphasize selecting talent by host country, but ignore
selecting destination by talent.
Current strategies put sending and receiving countries in a global “war” for
talent.
Canada lags behind in developing its own Diaspora strategy.
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III. Policy Recommendations
Canada should consider expanding Working Holiday Visa
agreements with China.
Educational cooperation should be expanded from academic
education to skill training in the trades.
Canadian professional bodies should recognize skills
made-in-China.
Canada should put a heavier emphasis on employer-led
initiatives.
Both countries should enhance cooperation on issues
affecting individuals’ choices.
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IV. Conclusion:
Two-way human capital flows between China and Canada
will continue to be a reality, and will intensify.
Both countries need to enhance cooperation between and
across each other.
Both countries should re-consider a new approach to
leveraging shared talent.
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The goal should be to facilitate two-way flows of talent as a means
of promoting economic welfare in both countries. A shared talent
strategy will increase two-way trade and investment, as well as
deepen the cooperation in all key areas of China-Canada relations.
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Partnership/合作伙伴
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