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Leveraging Information Technology and
Telecommunications for Crisis Management
Invited Talk to
The Workshop on Crisis Response
University of California, Irvine
March 19, 2002Dr. Larry Smarr
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies
Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
IT and Telecomm are the Key Technologies for Crisis Management
• How Do We Know:– The Detailed Current State of the System NOW?– What the Future Evolution of the Situation is Likely to Be?
• How Can We Achieve:– An Overall Situational Awareness?– A Common Operational Picture?
• How Do We Communicate With:– Crisis Managers?– First Responders?
• How Can We Decide:– Which Problem to Attack First?– Which Assets Should Be Deployed Where and When?
How Can the “Future Internet” Enhance Capabilities for Emergency Preparedness?
• Enabled by Expansion of Internet Infrastructure– Wireless Extends Coverage Everywhere– Optical Backbone Provides High Bandwidth– New Generation of Sensors and Receivers
• Three Tier System– Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories– Collaborative Crisis Management Data Centers– Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases
• Building a “Living-in-the-Future” Laboratory– UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses– San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border– Collaboration with City, County, and State Govts.
Cal-(IT)2 Has an Emerging Focus on Homeland Security
• UCSD Chancellor is Leading Campus-wide Discussions• UCI Has Submitted ITR on Crisis Management• Cal-(IT)2 Meetings with SD County, Cal OES, SPAWAR, SAIC
– System Integrate Early Warning Systems– Developing MEMS to Nano Wireless Chem/BioSensors
– Set up Prototype Distributed Disaster Response System– High Tech Coast GIS coupled to XML Mediation
– Medical Record Distributed Database as Early Project– Ubiquitous Connectivity Expanded to First Responders
A Layered Software Architecture is Needed for Defense and Civilian Applications
www.ndia-sd.org/docs/NDIA_20June00.pdf
SPAWARSystemsCenter
San Diego
Cal-(IT)2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet
www.calit2.net
220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams
With Students, Industry, and the Community
Over Fifty Industrial Partners
Building “Living Laboratories”
• Extend Research Outside of Building• Using the Internet to Create Laboratories• Students, Faculty, and Industry• In Partnership with Surrounding Communities
• Focus on Dual Use for Crisis Management – Civil Infrastructure– California Water System– Transportation
Using Students to Invent the Futureof Widespread Use of Wireless Pocket PCs
• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment 2001-02– Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates
– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego – 50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine
• Currently Using Local Area Network Wireless Internet• Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps
Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI
UC San Diego
UC Irvine
The FCC Unlicensed Band Can be Used to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone
• The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network
• A Cal-(IT)2
Academic Partner
• Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications and Crisis Management
• Allows for Internet Deployment to Remote Locations
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html
NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone
HPWREN Project Demo of Fast Setup Wireless Internet for Crisis Response
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN/Slide26.JPG
A Cal-(IT)2
Academic Partner
Cal-(IT)2 is Developing the Required Wireless Services Middleware
Real-TimeServices
Mobile Code
LocationAwareness
PowerControl Security
Wireless Services Interface
UCI WirelessInfrastructures
UCSD WirelessInfrastructures
Applications
J. Pasquale, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2
Data Management
Operating System Services are Needed for Power / Performance Management
• Management of Power and Performance – Efficient Way to Exchange Energy/Power Related Info
– Among Hardware / OS / Applications– Power-Aware API
Application
Power Aware API
Power Aware Middleware
POSIX PA-OSL
OperatingSystem
OperatingSystem
Modified OS Services
Hardware Abstraction Layer
PA-HAL
Hardware
Rajesh Gupta UCI, Cal-(IT)2
What is a SensorNet?
• Sensors – Physical, Chemical, Biological, Imaging,…
• Sensor Platform– Computing, Power, Storage, Radios, …
• Telecommunications Infrastructure– Wired, Wireless, Internet, …
• Sensor Arrays– Homogeneous, Inhomogeneous, Ad Hoc, …
• Layered Software
• Backend Data Systems
Low Power Biological, Chemical, Pollutant, Magnetic, Particulate Sensor Development
• Designed to Be Easily Manufactured– Can Be Chemically Modified to Be Specific – Compatible With Silicon Microfabrication Technologies
• Special Properties:– Low False Alarm Rate, Sensitive – Miniature, Portable, Lower Cost
• Target Markets: – Industrial Waste, Pollution Monitoring– Monitoring Public Spaces– Law Enforcement, First Responders, Medical Personnel
Handheld Nanosensor Device for Sarin Nerve Agent
Developed for DARPA Micro Unattended Ground Sensors program
Mike Sailor, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2
Automobiles will Become SensorNet Platforms
• Campus Partnering for Implementation– UC Irvine’s Institution of Transportation Studies – UCSD Computer Vision and Robotics Research
• Caltrans ATMS Testbed + Cal-(IT)2 = ZEVNET – 50 Toyota Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV)– Add GPS Tracking, Wireless Communications
Source: Will Recker, UCI
“Living Laboratory”
Maria Feng UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering
Real-Time Monitoring of BridgesThrough Wireless Internet SensorNets
Data-Loggers
Se
nso
r
LocalData Hub
ControlCenter
PC104
WirelessInternet
Se
nso
r
UC
I
Users
UC
SD
Cal
tra
ns
Workstation
Millions of Video Cameras Will Add Image Data Streams to the Net
• London Underground– Initially 25,000 Video Cameras– Expansion to 250,000 Possible– British Transport Police Switch to Any Camera in 1 Sec.
– Source: Telindus
• British CCTV System– Currently 2.5 Million CCTV Cameras Installed (NY Times)
– Average London Citizen is Seen by 300 Cameras Per Day
– Face Recognition Software Added in High Crime Areas
• Up to 6 Million Surveillance Cameras Across the USA in 5-7 Years– Privacy International Prediction
Experimenting with the Future -- Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots
Computer Vision and Robotics Research LabMohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2
Mobile Interactivity Avatar
Linked by 1xEV Cellular Internet
Useful for Quick Response
to Disasters
HOTLINKs for Damage Locations using GPS and Digital Photos on
GIS
Integrate Remote Reconnaissance with Satellite Imagery and Ground SensorNets
Maria Feng UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering
Sensornets—Real-Time Data• ROADNet• ActiveCampus• Health of Civil Infrastructure• AUTONET
Storage hardware
Database Systems, Grid Storage,Filesystems
Data Mining, Simulation Modeling, Analysis, Data Fusion
Web PortalCustomized to User Device
Knowledge-Based Integration Advanced Query Processing
Networked Storage (SAN)
Visualization
High speed networking
Data and Knowledge SystemsAre the Heart of Crisis Management
GIS Based Crisis Management Software Tools--SAIC’s Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS)
• Prediction of Disaster Evolution– Hurricane, Earthquake, Terror
• Casualty Distribution Probabilities• Response Management
Source: SAIC
CATS California Governmental Users
• Burbank Fire Department
• Chino Valey Independent Fire District
• City of Anaheim
• City of Bakersfield Fire Department
• Colton Police Department
• Fremont Fire Department
• Kern County Fire Dept
• Idyllwild Fire Protection District
• Kings County Fire Department
• Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department
• Marin County Fire Department
• Metro Water District of Southern CA
• Red Bluff Police Department
• Sacramento Reg. Fire/EMS Comm Center
• San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Depart.
• San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District
• San Diego County of Environmental Health
• San Diego County Health and Human Services
• San Diego County Office of Disaster Preparedness
• San Diego Fire and Life Safety Services
• San Diego Police Department
• Shasta County Sherrif
• Yuba City Fire Department
Data Mining Across Agency Stovepipes Is an Essential Next Step
CRIMINALJUSTICE
EMERGENCYRESPONSE
PUBLICHEALTH
SECURITY
INTEGRATEDINTELLIGENCE
SYSTEM
Local
State
Federal
INFORMATIONSOURCES
Cal-(IT)2 is Partnering With SAIC and Campuses On Emergency Preparedness Plan
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Control Rooms Will Integrate SensorNets with Legacy Data
• Integrate– Situational Awareness– Common Operational Picture– Local Data Warehouse with Remote Data Access– AI Data Mining of Distributed Databases– Spatial Data Analysis – Consequences Assessment Tool Set
Source: Panoram Technologies
Developing Optically Linked Distributed Analysis, Command, & Control Centers
• Driven by Data-Intensive Applications– Real Time Seismic – Emergency Response– Medical Imaging
• Linked UCSD and SDSU– Dedication March 4, 2002
Linking Control Rooms
Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SGI, IBM,
TeraBurst NetworksSD Telecom Council
Next Step is to Create a SoCal Optical Experimental Network
UCSB
UCLA
UCI
Op AmpOp Amp
Velocita, Santa Ana
818 W 7th, LA
SDSC/UCSD
SPAWAR SDSU Carrier POP
Carrier Op Amp Site
SoCal XD Dark Fiber Logical Path
Metro rings
WAN Fiber
Campus MPOE
CalTech/JPL
USCOp Amp
Op Amp
Op Amp
Using the Internet to Link Multiple Sites into a Collaborative Interactive Visualization Space
Access Grid Lead-ArgonneNSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab
Access Grid is Being Used in Over a Hundred Sites