This article was downloaded by: [Northeastern University]On: 20 November 2014, At: 01:55Publisher: Taylor & FrancisInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK

Toxicological & EnvironmentalChemistryPublication details, including instructions for authors andsubscription information:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gtec20

Levels of heavy metals in bluewhiting caught from the easternBlack Sea area of TurkeyMuhammet Boran a , Hikmet Karaçam b , M. Salih Çelikkale b

, Sevim Köse b , Muzaffer Feyzioglu b & Sebahattin Kutlu ba Faculty of Marine Science , Karadeniz TechnicalUniversity , Camburnu, Trabzon, 61530, Turkey Phone: +90462 7522805 Fax: +90 462 7522805 E-mail:b Faculty of Marine Science , Karadeniz TechnicalUniversity , Camburnu, Trabzon, 61530, TurkeyPublished online: 19 Sep 2008.

To cite this article: Muhammet Boran , Hikmet Karaçam , M. Salih Çelikkale , Sevim Köse ,Muzaffer Feyzioglu & Sebahattin Kutlu (2000) Levels of heavy metals in blue whiting caughtfrom the eastern Black Sea area of Turkey, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 75:1-2,67-73, DOI: 10.1080/02772240009358893

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772240009358893

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information(the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor& Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warrantieswhatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of theContent. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions andviews of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. Theaccuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independentlyverified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liablefor any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages,and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly inconnection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Anysubstantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing,systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Nor

thea

ster

n U

nive

rsity

] at

01:

55 2

0 N

ovem

ber

2014

Taxicotogical and Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 75, pp. 67-73 © 2000 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V.Reprints available directly from the publisher ' Published by license underPhotocopying permitted by license only the Gordon and Breach Science

Publishers imprint.Printed in Malaysia.

LEVELS OF HEAVY METALS IN BLUEWHITING CAUGHT FROM THE EASTERN

BLACK SEA AREA OF TURKEY

MUHAMMET BORAN*, HIKMET KARAÇAM,M. SALIH ÇELIKKALE, SEVIM KÖSE,

MUZAFFER FEYZIOGLU and SEBAHATTIN KUTLU

Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Marine Science,61530 Camburnu, Trabzon, Turkey

(Received July 1999; Revised 3 September 1999)

This paper presents data on the concentrations of 5 metals, copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe),zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in Blue Whiting sampled from the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. Thehighest metal concentrations of Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn and Pb were recorded in Blue Whiting withthe values of 2.71, 0.601, 14.137, 15.322 and 1.078 µg g -1 dry weight, respectively. On average themetal concentrations in Blue Whiting followed the order of Zn > Fe > Cu > Pb > Cd. Temporaldifferences of concentrations of these metals were significant (p < 0.05). Spatial fluctuations ofCu, Cd, Fe, Zn and Pb concentrations in Blue Whiting were also significant (p < 0.01). It wasfound that the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn and Pb in the muscle in Blue Whiting were belowthe limit of Public Health Regulation in Turkey.

Keywords: Pollution; fish; Black Sea; Blue Whiting; heavy metals

INTRODUCTION

Heavy metals are known as the most common and hazardous pollutantstoday. These pollutants enter into natural waters with the industrial influentor with run-off water. Several industries such as metal finishing, dye factory,ceramic, photography, electroplating, mine discharge, etc. cause heavy metal

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 462 7522805. Fax: +90 462 7522158.E-mail: mboran@deniz.ktu.edu.tr.

67

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Nor

thea

ster

n U

nive

rsity

] at

01:

55 2

0 N

ovem

ber

2014

68 M. BORAN et al.

pollution in natural waters (Ghatak and Konar, 1991; Mullick and Konar,1992). Metals such as Hg, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, Pb are well known pollutantswhich are encountered in marine environment of the Black Sea (Polikarpovet al., 1991).

Over the last years, the Black Sea is being subject to intensive anthro-pogenic influence. This area receives the discharge of two of Europe's rivers.The Danube river is contributing about 203 km3 of water per year andDnieper further 54km3y""1. The shallow biologically productive layer of theBlack Sea, thus receives water from a vast drainage basin over 5 times its ownarea of 9 countries. Annually, the Danube River discharges, 10001 of Cr, 9001of Cu, up to 601 of Hg, 45001 of Pb and 60001 of Zn to the Black Sea(Mee, 1992).

Trace elements introduced into the marine environment from effluents andriver runoff may be concentrated in marine organism by a factor ranging from1000 to 10 000 (Roth and Hornung, 1977). From that point of view, metals aremost hazardous pollutants. The marine organisms accumulate the chemicalsas well as the heavy metals in large quantities in their body as compared totheir surroundings in the sea water (Uysal and Tuncer, 1984). Phillips (1980)pointed out that for an organism to be a useful indicator of heavy metalpollution, there should be a simple relationship between heavy metal levels in.the environment and in the organism. All the organisms need small amountsof some essential metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn (Bryan, 1976). However,these metals became toxic when they exceeded certain limits (Rainbow, 1985).

This study reports the distribution of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in BlueWhiting caught from coastal area of the Eastern Black Sea.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fish were collected from September 1993 to August 1994 from the samplingstations located on the Eastern Black Sea Coast (Figure 1). Samples werestored after collection in plastic bags in a freezer at — 18°C. Prior to analysis,samples were weighed and measured. All the samples were dried at 105°C.About 0.2 g dried sample was weighed into a teflon cape and digested with4 ml nitric acid by heating at 120-140°Cfor9-10h(Bernhard, 1976). Finally,the samples were diluted with double distilled water to 25 ml. Analysis wasdone by using model GBC 902 atomic absorption spectrophotometer and thedata are expressed as ugg"1 dry weight. This procedure was tested withcertificated sample of fish from the IAEA (AOAC, 1990; APHA, AWWA,WEF, 1992).

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Nor

thea

ster

n U

nive

rsity

] at

01:

55 2

0 N

ovem

ber

2014

HEAVY METALS IN BLUE WHITING 69

FIGURE 1 Sampling stations.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of analyses of heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Pb) levels in BlueWhiting caught in different stations of the Eastern Black Sea Coast are pre-sented in Tables I-VI. The highest and lowest concentrations of these metalswere measured in different seasons and stations. Among all the metalsmonitored, Cd was the lowest (nd-0.601 ugg~'dry wt) followed by Pb(0.129-1.078 ugg-1 dry wt), Cu (0.391-2.731 ugg"1 dry wt), Fe (1.126-14.137ugg"'dry wt) and Zn (1.530-15.322ugg~!dry wt). The maximumvalues of Cu, Pb and Zn were recorded in August 1994. The highest Cd valueswere measured in September 1994 and Fe values in April 1994. According tothe results, the distribution of heavy metals concentration in the samplesshowed significant differences {p < 0.05) seasonally. Unsal et al. (1992) foundout that Hg, Cu and Pb concentrations in Blue Whiting caught in EasternBlack Sea changed seasonally. Tuncer and Goksel (1995) showed that theseasonal fluctuations of concentrations of Cu, Mn and Zn in Blue Whitingwere significant. They also found the highest and the lowest values of Cu, Mnand Zn in different seasons. It appears from the studies on levels of metals inmuscular tissues and organs of marine fish that concentrations of indis-pensable metals, i.e., those absorbed and excreted from the organism, varygreatly (Polak-Juszczak and Domagala, 1994). Bat and Ozturk (1995) showedthat the heavy metal concentrations changed seasonally in some organismfrom the Sinop peninsula of the Black Sea.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Nor

thea

ster

n U

nive

rsity

] at

01:

55 2

0 N

ovem

ber

2014

70 M. BORAN et cd.

TABLE I Heavy metal levels in Blue Whiting caught at station C.I (ugg"1 dry wt)

Time n Length Metals(cm)

Cu Cd Fe Zn Pb

September 7 18.0±0.9 1.319±0.393 0.108±0.040 6.534± 1.907 4.512± 1.599 0.129±0.0471993

January 4 17.1 ±0.5 1.980±0.117 0.519±0.125 3.421 ±0.218 8.049±0.288 0.297±0.0721994

April 4 17.7±0.8 1.364±0.253 0.414±0.124 5.653±0.455 10.291±0.819 0.463±0.0341994

August 8 16.8±0.9 1.891 ±0.550 0.221 ±0.137 5.661 ±2.345 15.322±2.065 1.078±0.2561994

TABLE II Heavy metal levels in Blue Whiting caught at station AR.l (ugg ' dry wt)

Time n Length Metals(cm)

Cu Cd Fe Zn Pb

September 3 16.8±1.5 1.535±0.018 0.133±0.044 5.671±0.602 S.161±0.615 0.300±0.0801993

January 3 17.5±1.1 1.565±0.239 nd 3.877± 1.101 3.444±0.637 0.360±0.1041994

April 7 18.0±1.5 1.082±0.298 0.231 ±0.084 4.334±0.637 3.817±0.934 0.389±0.0761994

August 3 17.3±1.3 1.111 ±0.235 0.190±0.009 4.419±0.980 5.880±0.641 0.347±0.0441994

TABLE III Heavy metal levels in Blue Whiting caught at station Y. 1 (ug g ' dry wt)

Time n Length Metals(cm)

Cu Cd Fe Zn Pb

September 3 17.5±0.6 0.499±0.153 nd 5.292±0.797 11.776±2.055 0.352±0.1801993

January 3 18.9±1.6 1.331±0.472 0.123±0.044 5.290±0.794 7.437±0.535 0.543±0.0731994

April 3 17.8±0.8 0.391±0.136 0.098±0.023 4.981±0.903 9.403±1.295 0.571±0.1531994

August 3 17.6±1.0 0.831 ±0.058 0.065±0.017 3.829± 1.291 9.612±4.216 0.791 ±0.1221994

Spatial differences of heavy metals in Blue whiting were significant(/><0.01). The maximum values of Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations wererecorded in fish from C.I station. This situation may be the result of the effectof a Cu plant which was located near the region. The highest values of Cd andFe were found in fish taken from T. 1 station. This area is affected by industrialand city sewage. The lowest Cd and Cu values were measured in fish from Y. 1station. Fe and Pb concentrations were found to be the lowest in fish from

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Nor

thea

ster

n U

nive

rsity

] at

01:

55 2

0 N

ovem

ber

2014

HEAVY METALS IN BLUE WHITING 71

TABLE IV Heavy metal levels in Blue Whiting caught at station T.I (ugg"1 dry wt)

Time n Length Metals(cm)

Cu Cd Fe Zn Pb

September 3 16.5±1.0 1.113±0.214 0.123±0.031 11.213±2.292 5.024±0.556 0.516±0.1441993

January 3 17.2±0.8 1.383±0.323 O.138±O.OI1 8.781 ±0.641 5.044±0.528 0.515±0.1431994

April 3 17.9±1.1 0.668±0.098 0.051 ±0.014 14.137±0.358 4.328± 1.001 0.427±0.0521994

August 3 15.6±0.9 0.665±0.123 0.222±0.080 5.976±2.509 4.939± 1.357 0.793±0.1121994

TABLE V Heavy metal levels in Blue Whiting caught at station F.I (ugg ' dry wt)

Time n Length Metals

( C m ) Cu Cd Fe Zn Pb

September 7 16.8±0.8 0.412±0.096 0.068±0.006 1.126±0.301 0.530±0.040 0.429±0.2061993

January 3 15.7 ±1.0 1.719 ±0.059 nd 3.916 ±0.324 5.246 ±2.211 0.229 ±0.1281994

April 3 17.8±2.0 1.067±0.438 0.363±0.149 7.710± 1.725 8.893±2.540 0.622±0.1231994

August 3 17.4±1.1 2.731±0.310 0.241±0.095 5.559±1.025 8.149±2.009 0.463±0.2301994

TABLE VI Heavy metal levels in Blue Whiting caught at station AK.l (ug g ' dry wt)

Time n Length Metals

Cu Cd Fe Zn Pb

September 7 14.1±0.9 0.619±0.119 0.601±0.156 5.519±1.408 5.345±1.016 0.293±0.1651993

January 3 18.1 ±0.9 0.446±0.078 0.188±0.020 4.284±0.198 5.858± 1.737 0.189±0.0721994

April 4 16.9±1.2 1.560±0.545 O.075±O.O37 4.287±0.541 5.048±0.756 0.476±0.0611994

August 7 16.8±1.2 1.195±0.269 0.182±0.080 3.430±0.787 4.968± 1.636 0.382±0.1671994

AK.l station. The lowest level of Zn was found in fish from AR.l station(Figure 2). Phillips (1980) pointed out that, there should be a simple rela-tionship between heavy metal levels in the environment and in the organism.Bellinger and Benham (1978) and Young et al. (1984) showed that humanactivities or anthropogenic sources of metal input into the marine environ-ment include contamination from ships in docks and harbour activities thatinvolve the use of some heavy metals in antifoulings paints and other metals

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Nor

thea

ster

n U

nive

rsity

] at

01:

55 2

0 N

ovem

ber

2014

72 M. BORAN et al

121110

? 9

I 8

co 7

3 6! 5£ 4

1 3210

. Cu ' • Cd • F e •Zn • Pb

C.1 AR.1 Y.1 T.1Stations

F.1 AK.1

FIGURE 2 Metal concentrations in Blue Whiting caught from different stations.

including Pb and Zn in preservative paints. It can be said that all these reasonsaffect the heavy metal concentrations in coastal areas and in living organism.The effect of heavy metals on aquatic organisms is controlled by the con-centration of the metals in water and sediment. Theoretically, free metal ion isthe most bioavailable form of the element and the concentration of the freemetal ion varies significantly with pH and organic substances (Sorenson,1991; Rainbow, 1995).

The magnitude of heavy metal concentrations in Blue Whiting wasZn>Fe>Cu>Pb>Cd.

It was noted that the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Pb in the muscle ofBlue Whiting were below the limit of Public Health Regulation in Turkey.Only the Cd value measured in September 1993 at station AK.1 was over thelimit of Regulation (Anonymous, 1995).

References

Anonymous. (1995) Official Gazette, Number 22223, pp. 36-45 (in Turkish).AOAC. (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Che-

mist, Washington DC.APHA, AWWA, WEF. (1992) Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water.

M. Ann and H. Franson (Eds.) 18th Edition, APHA, Washington DC.Bat, L. and Oztiirk, M. (1995) Heavy metals levels in some organism from the Sinop Peninsula of

the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 21, 29-33.Bellinger, E.G. and Benham, B.R. (1978) The levels of metals in dockyard sediments with par-

ticular reference to the contributions from ship-bottom paints. Environ. Pollut. 15, 71-81.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Nor

thea

ster

n U

nive

rsity

] at

01:

55 2

0 N

ovem

ber

2014

HEAVY METALS IN BLUE WHITING 73

Bernhard, B. (1976) Manual of methods in aquatic environment research, Part 3, Sampling andanalysis of biological material, Fisheries Technical Paper, FIRI/T, Rome, No: 158, 124 pp.

Bryan, G.W. (1976) Heavy metal contamination in the sea. In Mar. Pollut. R. Jonston, (Ed.)pp. 185-302. Academic Press, London.

Ghatak, D.B. and Konar, K.S. (1991) Chronic effects of mixture of pesticide, heavy metal,detergent and petroleum hydrocarbon in various combinations on fish. Environ. Ecol. 9,829-836.

Mee, L.D. (1992) The Black Sea in crisis: A need for concerted international action. Ambio 2,278-286.

Mullick, S. and Konar, S.K. (1992) Chronic effects of mixture of heavy metals, petroleum productand detergent on fish Oreochromis mossambicus and aquatic ecosystem. Environ. Ecol. 10,235-241.

Phillips, D.J.H. (1980) Quantitative Aquatic Biological Indicators: Their Use to Monitor TraceMetal and Organochlorine Pollution. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London, 488 pp.

Polak-Juszczak, L. and Domagala, M. (1994) Levels of heavy metals in Baltic fish in1991-1993. Bulletin of Sea Fisheries Institute 3, 27-30.

Polikarpov, G.G., Zaitsev, Yu, P., Zats, V.I. and Radchenko, L.A. (1991) Pollution of the BlackSea, Proceeding of the Black Sea Symposium, Ecological problems and economical prospects.16-18 September 1991, Istanbul, Turkey.

Rainbow, P.S. (1985) The biology of heavy metals. Internat. J. Environ. Studies 25, 195-211.Rainbow, P.S. (1995) Physiology, physiochemistry and metal uptake - a crustacean perspective.

Mar. Pollut. Bull. 31, 55-59.Roth, I. and Hornung, H. (1977) Heavy metal concentrations in water sediments and fish, from

Mediterranean coastal area. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11, 265-269.Sorensen, E.M.B. (1991) Metal Poisoning in Fish. CRC Press, Bocca Raton, FL, 134 pp.Tuncer, S. and Goksel, H. (1995) Heavy metal levels in Blue Whiting {Merlangius merlangius

euxinus) caught from the Trabzon Coast, The Research Association of Rural Environmentand Forestry, Trabzon (in Turkish).

Unsal, M., Dogan, M., Atac, U and Yemencioglu, S. (1992) Heavy metals levels in some marineorganism from Middle and Eastern Black Sea. Project number: DEBAG 18/G, Erdemli,Turkey (in Turkish).

Uysal, H. and Tuncer, S. (1984) A comparative study on the heavy metal concentrations in somefish species and in the sediments from Izmir Bay. VII Jouene es Etud Pollutions, Lucerne,C.I.E.S.M. 275-284.

Young, D.R., Alexander, G.V. and McDermat-Ehrlich, D. (1984) Vessel-related contaminationof southern California harbors by copper and other metals. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 10, 50-56.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Nor

thea

ster

n U

nive

rsity

] at

01:

55 2

0 N

ovem

ber

2014