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Contents

Welcome to Focus on Grammar xi

Scope and Sequence xxv

P A R T I Present, Past, and Future

Unit 1 Present Time 2

Unit 2 Past Time 15

Unit 3 Future Time 32From Grammar to Writing 45

P A R T I I Modals and Other Auxiliaries

Unit 4 Modals to Express Degrees of Necessity 50

Unit 5 Modals to Express Degrees of Certainty 69From Grammar to Writing 85

P A R T I I I Nouns

Unit 6 Count and Non-Count Nouns 90

Unit 7 Definite and Indefinite Articles 105

Unit 8 Quantifiers 120

Unit 9 Modification of Nouns 134From Grammar to Writing 150

P A R T I V Noun Clauses

Unit 10 Noun Clauses: Subjects, Objects, and Complements 156

Unit 11 Direct and Indirect Speech 173From Grammar to Writing 191

P A R T V Adjective Clauses

Unit 12 Adjective Clauses: Review and Expansion 196

Unit 13 Adjective Clauses with Prepositions; Adjective Phrases 211From Grammar to Writing 229

P A R T V I Passive Voice

Unit 14 The Passive: Review and Expansion 234

Unit 15 The Passive to Describe Situations and to Report Opinions 250From Grammar to Writing 266

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P A R T V I I Gerunds and Infinitives

Unit 16 Gerunds 270

Unit 17 Infinitives 285From Grammar to Writing 303

P A R T V I I I Adverbs

Unit 18 Adverbs: Sentence, Focus, and Negative 308

Unit 19 Adverb Clauses 323

Unit 20 Adverb and Adverbial Phrases 340

Unit 21 Connectors 358From Grammar to Writing 374

P A R T I X Conditionals and The Subjunctive

Unit 22 Conditionals; Other Ways to Express Unreality 378

Unit 23 More Conditions; The Subjunctive 396From Grammar to Writing 414

Appendices A-1Glossary of Grammar Terms G-1Unit Review Answer Key UR-1Games Answer Key G-AK1Credits C-1Index i-1

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