LEV. 3 Orthographic and 3D CAD Graphics Techniques · Drawing Two Orthographic Drawing Block Three: For this task you are going to: TASK 1: • Produce an Orthographic drawing of

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D.E.T. – Making Your Ideas

Graphic CommunicationOrthographic and 3D CAD Graphics Techniques

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Introduction:Over the next nine weeks you will be learning a variety of skills used in the Graphic DesignIndustry. These skills are also used in Product Design, Engineering, Interior Design,Architecture and Manufacture.

You will be learning skills in the following three areas:

1. 2D orthographic and 3D isometric manual drawing board work.

2. 3D CAD modelling

3. 3D CAD production drawings

After this you will then apply these skills in a graphic design project which is outlined on the next page.

Graphic CommunicationOrthographic and 3D CAD Graphics Techniques

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Orthographic. What do you think orthographic drawing means? Split the word into two, ortho

and graphic. Throughout your time in Design & Technology your teacher will have spoken

about the meaning of a graphic but what about ortho? Ortho is a Greek word meaning

straight or correct. If you think about it you have probably used this word before –

Orthodontist, they straighten or correct your teeth. Orthopaedic Surgeon, they straighten or

correct your bones.

So think again, what does orthographic drawing mean?

An example of an orthographic drawing is below;

The drawing is broken down into different views. Plan

They are; elevation, end elevation, plan and

isometric view.

Isometric

End Elevation

Elevation

Skill Set OneOrthographic Drawing

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Skill Set OneOrthographic Drawing in action

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It is important to collect your drawing equipment in an orderly manner, your teacher will tell you the order in which you should collect the equipment. Once you have collected everything that you need your teacher will show you how to set up and use the equipment.

Unlike sketching, where you simply need a pencil, orthographic drawing requires equipment to

make your drawing ‘straight’ or ‘correct’. Some of the equipment you will need includes:

Ruler 30/60◦ & 45◦ Set Squares A sharp pencil

A drawing board Pair of compasses


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In orthographic drawing we use different line types, you will learn more of these as you go through the

Graphic Communication course. Initially the lines that we will use are called;

Construction – these lines are light and continuous. They are used to construct the drawing.

Outline – these lines are bold and continuous. They are used to outline your final drawing.

Hidden – these lines are made up of short dashes. They show a surface which is hidden from view.

Centre – these lines are made up of a chain of lines, long/short/long/short/long/…. They run through

the centre of a circle and represent axis of revolution.

Your teacher will show you how to draw each of these lines. Now set up your drawing equipment and

divide your page into four equal sections and practice drawing these line types, draw horizontal and

vertical lines using your set squares and parallel slide. Remember! Only use your ruler for

measuring NOT for drawing lines!

You will also see the third angle projection symbol on drawings – your teacher will explain

this to you


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Another line type that you will use in Graphic Communication is the dimension line. This is used to

show the critical sizes of a drawing.

Dimension lines are thin and continuous and have a narrow arrowhead at either end.

When you dimension a drawing you must follow British Standard Convention. Your teacher will

explain what British Standard Convention is and how to add dimensions to your drawings.

The drawing on the left shows paper sizes that

have been dimensioned using British Standard

Convention

DimensioningOrthographic Drawing

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Block One:

For this task you are going to:

TASK 1:

• Produce an Orthographic drawing of block 1.

• Ensure views are in 3rd angle projection

• View are labelled correctly

• All dimensions shown are included on the drawn.

• Include all hidden detail

TASK 2

• Produce an isometric of block 1.

Drawing OneOrthographic Drawing

60

30

30

15

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Drawing OneOrthographic Drawing Example

L/H ELEVATION

DO NOT DRAW THE HOLE

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30

70

Drawing TwoOrthographic Drawing

Block Three:


TASK 1:






TASK 2


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Drawing TwoOrthographic Drawing Example

ISOMETRIC

PLAN

ELEVATION END ELEVATIONEND ELEVATION

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40

70

Drawing Two - DifferentiatedOrthographic Drawing

Block Two:


TASK 1:






TASK 2


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Drawing TwoOrthographic Drawing Example

PLAN

ELEVATION END ELEVATION

ISOMETRIC

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Skill Set Two3D CAD Modelling

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Having completed the orthographic drawing board work you are now going to build each of the blocks using the 3D modelling software – Autodesk Inventor.

In building each block you will learn to use the Extrude and Subtract function

ExtrudeThe function allows to make a 2D sketch 3D. For example a 2D square becomes a 3D cube.

Subtract.This command allows you to remove features i.e. cut a circular hole into a solid block.

Modelling each block.For each block you will begin by drawing a 2D sketch and then extruding it.

Your teacher will support in understanding how to do this.

Skill Set Two3D CAD Modelling - Extrude

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You are now going to learn how to use the revolve feature of Inventor. Revolve means to rotate around a central axis in a circular

motion. To learn this you are going to make the bowling ball shown below.

However, before doing this we are going to complete a small task to introduce to the

revolve tool.

1. Open up a new Standard(mm).ipt file and start a new sketch on the ground plane

as you did in the previous task for extrusions.

2. From the origin draw a

line upwards on the

screen and dimension it to

100mm.

3. Next, starting from the top of the line you have just drawn, use the

line tool and draw a random series of lines to create a shape like the

one shown below and ensure it finishes and connects back to the

bottom of your original line.

4. Right click and finish sketch to enter

the 3D model screen.

5. Press “F6” to position the sketch

into an isometric angle.

Revolve Tutorial3D CAD Modelling

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6. Select the “revolve” tool from the ribbon.

7. Inventor will automatically select the profile (the shape you

have drawn).

You now need to indicate which axis you would like to revolve

your shape around. Select the original line you draw at

100mm.

7. Inventor will automatically select the profile (the shape you

have drawn).

You now need to indicate which axis you would like to revolve

your shape around. Select the original line you draw at

100mm.

8. You will now have a revolved object like the one shown left

depending on what you had drawn initially.

Inventor will automatically revolve the shape a full 360 degrees

however you can change this using the extents drop down

menu to try different revolutions.

Try this if you want and one you are happy press OK to

complete your shape.

9. To finish close the 3D model and open a new

standard(mm).ipt file. You can save this shape if you wish.

We are now going to build the bowling ball.

Revolve Tutorial3D CAD Modelling

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Revolve Task:

Model the bowling ball shown below using

revolve, workplane and subtract.

Revolve Task3D CAD Modelling

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Sometimes when we have complex 3D shapes such as spheres or cylinders we can’t easily sketch onto a surface. This is

because there is no flat face and therefore our sketch would be obscured.

So that we can sketch onto these faces we need to use the work plane tool.

1. From the model browser bar to the left of your screen, open up the folder called origin by left

clicking on the small plus box next to the folder.

If you click on any of these you will see them appear on the bowling ball.

2. Left click on the XY plane.

22. Next select the plane tool from the ribbon at the top of your screen.

Workplanes Tutorial3D CAD Modelling

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3. Once you have selected this, hover over the work plane highlighted on your bowling ball.

4. Left-click and hold anywhere on that work plane and begin to drag the work plane towards the top of the bowling ball and you

will see a dimension box appear. Let go of your mouse and type 100mm into the dimension box and then press enter.

You should now have a work plane above the bowling ball like the one shown on the right.


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5. Right-click on the edge of the work plane and select “new Sketch” from the drop down menu.

6. From the origin (which should be the centre of the ball) draw the following.

• A line upwards at 20mm,

• A line downwards at 10mm

• From the bottom of the 10mm line draw, a line to the left at 15mm and one to the right at 15mm.

You should have the following sketch.

7. At the end of all three

lines, draw three circles

and dimension them all to

diameter 20mm.

Your sketch should now

look like the one to the

right.

8. right-click, finish sketch

and press F6.


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9. Select the extrude tool and then select all three circles.

10. Select the cut option from the extrude window as was shown in the extrusion lessons.

11. Type in the size 50mm and press enter. You should now have a completed bowling ball.

12. To turn the work plane off, right-click on its border and select the visibility option from the drop down menu.

13. To add colour to your bowling ball select, the default menu at the very top of your screen.

14. You can now select from a variety of pre-set colours and materials to finish your bowling ball.

15. Once you have done this, save your work.


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Production Drawings:

Production drawings are used to create CAD

component and assembly drawings. This includes

orthographic and isometric views.

You are now going to learn how to produce a

production drawing.

TASK:

Using block one modelled previously produce:

• An orthographic drawing of the block complete with dimensions and required line types.

• An isometric view of the block.

Your teacher will take you through how to do this.

Production Drawing Task3D CAD Modelling

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Assessment Task3D CAD Modelling

Now that you have developed your skills in technical graphics and 3D CAD modelling you are

now going to undertake an assessment task. You should try to work a independently as possible,

however you can ask for support when required.

You can choose from one of the following assessment tasks:

Digital Camera Bluetooth Speaker

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A design for a min pro digital camera is shown. Your task:

a) Model the body of the camera using the extrude and fillet

commands.

b) Model the button using the extrude/revolve and chamfer

commands.

c) Model the lens using only the revolve and fillet commands

d) Assemble the 3D components using mate and mate centre axis.

e) Produce orthographic component drawings showing each

component for the camera with all sizes, hidden detail and

correct BS8888

f) Produce an orthographic assembly of the camera (do not show

hidden detail or dimensions).

g) Produce an isometric view and exploded isometric view of the

camera.

Camera Assessment Task3D CAD Modelling

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Camera Body

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Camera Dial

PLAN

ELEVATION

Camera Lens

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A design for a min pro digital camera is shown. Your task:

a) Model the speaker using the extrude, revolve and chamfer

commands.

b) Model the charging station using the extrude/revolve and chamfer

commands.

c) Model the button using the extrude/revolve and chamfer commands.

d) Assemble the 3D components using mate and mate centre axis.

e) Produce orthographic component drawings showing each

component for the camera with all sizes, hidden detail and correct

BS8888

f) Produce an orthographic assembly of the camera (do not show

hidden detail or dimensions).

g) Produce an isometric view and exploded isometric view of the

camera.

Bluetooth Assessment Task3D CAD Modelling

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Charging station

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Speaker On/Off Button

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To draw this USB stick to size by hand would be very difficult to do accurately. To make this

easier to draw we are going to introduce scale. If we draw the usb stick to a scale of 2:1

then we are doubling the given sizes. Take care to draw the elevation, end elevation and

plan doubling the dimensions below. The start point is 50,50 and you should

leave 30mm between each view. Do not show hidden detail.

The corners of the USB stick have been

rounded or filleted. The size of the fillet

is 2mm. For this drawing you should

sketch in the fillet. Your teacher will

explain how you would draw this

process. You should also sketch the

small square detail on the USB

connector

Drawing/Modelling Extension Work

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Draw the isometric view of the USB

stick to a scale of 2:1. The start point

should be 240,120

Once you have completed the

isometric drawing, model this on

Autodesk Inventor


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Draw the elevation, end

elevation and plan of the

wall mounted portable tv

to a scale of 1:2. The

start point is 50,50 and

you should leave 30mm

between views.

Remember to half the

dimensions that are

given. Show hidden

detail.

The screen is

recessed by 10mm

260

30

20 btcThe buttons protrude by 10mm

and have a diameter of 10mm


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Draw an isometric view of the

portable television to a scale of

1:2 The start point is 240,120

Once you have completed the

isometric drawing, model this on

Autodesk Inventor


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Draw the elevation, end

elevation and plan of the

perfume bottle. The start

point is 50,50 and you should

leave 30mm between views.

Show hidden detail.

75

13

16

Ø38Ø21

33


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Add the isometric view of the perfume bottle. The

starting point is 260,120

Once you have completed the isometric drawing, model

this on Autodesk Inventor


Documents

LEV. 3 Orthographic and 3D CAD Graphics Techniques · Drawing Two Orthographic Drawing Block Three: For this task you are going to: TASK 1: • Produce an Orthographic drawing of