On average how much more does a successful reader earn each
year than an unsuccessful one?
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19,000 19,000
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One in ten girls do not read outside of school
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One in four boys do not read outside of school
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One in three children struggles with reading
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At Dalestorth that amounts to 70 children
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Understanding Spoken Language + Decoding the Written Word
=Reading
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The way that spelling and reading is taught in schools has
changed recently as a result of the Jim Rose report. NE
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It is now a requirement that FS2 children and Key Stage 1
children are taught 20 minutes of letters and sounds per day.
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As a result of the findings from this report Phonics and
reading skills are now taught in 6 distinct phases. These phases
are set out in the letters and sounds document.
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Phonics at a glance Phonics is Skills of segmentation and
blending Knowledge of the alphabetic code.
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Phonics consists of: Identifying sounds in spoken words
Recognising the common spellings of each phoneme. Blending phonemes
into words for reading. Segmenting words into phonemes for
spelling.
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Some definitions A phoneme This is the smallest unit of sound
in a word. How many phonemes can you hear in cat ?
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A grapheme These are the letters that represent the phoneme.
The grapheme could be 1 letter, 2 letters or more! We refer to
these as sound buttons. t ai igh
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A phoneme you hear A grapheme you see A word always has the
same number of phonemes and graphemes!
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Sounds can be spelt in different ways
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ie find pie light fly mine
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Letters can make different sounds
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a cat tuna many water what garbage
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Graphemes Digraph Trigraph Split digraph 2 letters making one
sound ( ai, ee, oo) 3 letters making one sound ( igh, dge ) where
the two letters are not adjacent ( a-e, e-e )
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Segmenting (for spelling) Identifying the individual sounds in
a spoken word (e.g. h-i-m, s-t-or-k) and writing down letters for
each sound (phoneme) to form the word him and stork. Use robot arms
or chewy toffee to pull out the word.
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Blending (for reading) Recognising the letter sounds in a
written word e.g c-u-p sh-ee-p. Merging them into the correct order
to pronounce the word cup and sheep.
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Enunciation Teaching phonics requires a technical skill in
enunciation. Phonemes (sounds) should be articulated clearly and
precisely.
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b bat d dog f lift g bag h hot j gin k lick l full m gums n win
ng sing p lips r red s hiss t dot v live w will y yes z buzz th
this th path ch chin sh show zh measure a aacatcataacatcate said i
iipinpiniipinpino otter u uubutbutuubutbutae rain ee weed ie find
oe glow ue glue oo look ar farm ur turn au lawn er teacher ow cow
oi toys air pear ear cheer ure pure There are 44 sounds in
English
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The Phases Explained The Letters and Sounds document is split
into 6 distinct phases.
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Phase 1 (Foundation stage 1) * Showing an awareness of rhyme
and alliteration. * Distinguishing between sounds in the
environment and phonemes. * Exploring and experimenting with sounds
and words. * Discriminating speech sounds in words. * Beginning to
orally blend and segment phonemes. CT
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Phase 2 (Foundation stage 2) Using common consonants and
vowels. Blending for reading and segmenting for spelling simple cvc
words. Understanding that words are constructed from phonemes and
that phonemes are represented by graphemes. SH
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Letter sets (phase 2) Set 1-s, a, t, p, Set 2-i, n, m, d, Set
3-g, o, c, k, Set 4-ck, e, u, r, Set 5-h, b, f, ff, l, ll, ss,
Slide 31
Phase 3 (Foundation stage 2) Knowing one grapheme for each of
the 44 phonemes. HC
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b bat d dog f lift g bag h hot j gin k lick l full m gums n win
ng sing p lips r red s hiss t dot v live w will y yes z buzz th
this th path ch chin sh show zh measure a aacatcataacatcate said i
iipinpiniipinpino otter u uubutbutuubutbutae rain ee weed ie find
oe glow ue glue oo look ar farm ur turn au lawn er teacher ow cow
oi toys air pear ear cheer ure pure There are 44 sounds in
English
Slide 33
Reading and spelling a wide range of cvc words. Using all
letters and less frequent consonant digraphs and some long vowel
phonemes.
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Graphemes: ear, air, ure, er, ar, or, ur, ow, oi, ai, ee, igh,
oa, oo Consonant digraphs: ch, sh, th, ng. Letter Progression: Set
6 -j, v, w, x Set 7 -y, z, zz, qu
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In addition to this, each the week the children learn tricky
spelling words (those that are not spelt phonetically) and key
sight vocabulary. like, my, have, are
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Phase 4 ( Reception/Year 1) This is a consolidation unit. There
are no new graphemes to learn. Reading and spelling of tricky words
continues. Segmenting adjacent consonants in words and applying
this in spelling, e.g. n-e-s-t Blending adjacent consonants in
words and applying this skill when reading unfamiliar texts.
Slide 39
Phase 5 (Year 1) Reading phonetically decodable two- syllable
and three-syllable words, e.g. made, about Using alternative ways
of pronouncing and spelling the graphemes corresponding to the long
vowel phonemes, e.g.ee, ea, y, e- e Spelling complex words using
phonetically plausible attempts.
Slide 40
Graphemes: ay, ou, ie, ea, oy, ir, ue, aw, wh, ph, ew, oe, au,
a-e, e-e, i-e, o-e, u-e. Alternative graphemes for: i, o, c, g, u,
ow, ie, ea, er, a, y, ch, ou
Slide 41
Phase 6 (Year 2) Recognising phonic irregularities and becoming
more secure with less common grapheme phoneme correspondences.
Applying phonic skills and knowledge to recognise and spell an
increasing number of complex words. LH
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By the beginning of Phase Six, children should know most of the
common graphemephoneme correspondences. They should be able to read
hundreds of words, doing this in three ways: - reading the words
automatically if they are very familiar; - decoding them quickly
and silently because their sounding and blending routine is now
well established; - decoding them aloud. Childrens spelling should
be phonemically accurate, although it may still be a little
unconventional at times. Spelling usually lags behind reading, as
it is harder. During this phase, children become fluent readers and
increasingly accurate spellers.
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Introducing and teaching the past tense Investigating and
learning how to add suffixes Teaching spelling long words Finding
and learning the difficult bits in words
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The children always work within the phase that is appropriate
to their level of learning. They are assessed regularly and
groupings are sorted accordingly. Therefore the suggested model of
year group and corresponding phase, does not always go hand in hand
with the year group that your child is actually in. HC
Slide 45
Put the sound buttons under these words speedcrayon slighttoast
broomfoil crawljumper
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How many phonemes are in each of these words? WordPhonemes
bleed flop cow jumper chair pencil
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www.sparklebox.co.uk/cll/lettersandsounds/ This is great for
some activities that you can do at home.