Let’s Talk About Nanoscience Education Deb Newberry dmnewberry2001@yahoo.com

Nanotechnology is….. the ability to observe, image, study, measure and manipulate at the molecular and atomic scale.

Nanotechnology is evolving…. From the darling of funding possibilities and a comparison to the dot com industry To the reality of a hard working technology To a multi-disciplinary, ubiquitous presence in almost every market segment -- Progressive insurance --- windows ----Electronics -----Diagnostic medicine ----- Materials

Sometime around the year 300, artisans in the Roman Empire created the Lycurgus Cup, using technology that was not understood for almost 1,700 years. The glass cup has properties that baffled glass-makers and scientists alike: When lit from the front, the cup is green; however, when lit from the rear, the cup is red. The color depends on the relationship between the viewer and the light source -- in other words, two different viewers could see the cup as two different colors at the same time.

The cup was lost to history until the mid-19th century, and the British Museum eventually acquired it from Lord Rothschild in 1958. Scientists analyzed it for decades before discovering the secret in 1990 -- gold and silver. There are 40 parts/million of gold (.004%), and a whopping 330 parts/million (.033%) of silver. However, that was not the only secret: The Roman artisans had ground the gold and silver into nanoparticles only 50-70 nanometers in diameter -- about a thousand times smaller than a grain of salt.

http://newundersol.blogspot.com/2013/09/nanotechnology-in-roman-empire.html

Nanoscience “Education” must ensure that it (we) move from the “Gee whiz*” or “Wow*” – to “this is what is going on” Need to begin explaining the why and how of the interactions…. Need to make sure we are explaining interactions at the appropriate level * OK for 39 sec science museum/informal education experience

Atomic (electronic) structure

Molecular structure

Physical characteristics Electrical characteristics Biological characteristics

Why is understanding the molecular or atomic level structure of a material important?

A Classic Example

Wikipedia

NanoScience Nanotechnology

Physics

Material Science

Engineering Electronics,

Construction Design

Chemistry

Biology

Energy Agriculture

Medicine Diagnostics Treatment

Coatings Lubricants

© 2011 DCTC and Deb Newberry

NanoScience Nanotechnology

Physics

Material Science

Engineering Electronics,

Construction Design

Chemistry

Biology

Energy Agricultur

e

Medicine Diagnostics Treatment

Coatings Lubricants

© 2011 DCTC and Deb Newberry

Nano-Link is an alliance of educational institutions (high school through graduate school) That is working to provide nanoscience educational content, guidance and direction To anyone who wants, needs or desires that information

Date Address

# participan

ts

# took worksh

op survey

# plan to use modul

es

% plan to use modul

es

# register for

modules as of

9/15/14

# use modules

as of 9/15/14

Feb 4-5, 2014 Stockholm Sweden 16 0 0 3 1

19-May-14 Bellingham, WA 14 14 11 78.50% 3 1

23-May-14 Grosse Point

Shores, MI 5 5 5 100% 2 June 2-3,

2014 Lithonia, GA 8 8 8 100% 1 21-Jun-14 Stanford, CA 26 17 16 94% 6 1 19-Jul-14 Oak Ridge, TN 28 28 28 100% 21

12-Aug-14 Watertown, NY 29 29 26 89% 3 13-Aug-14 Plattsburg, NY 20 17 15 88% 2 4-Aug-14 Fort Lauderdale, FL 22 22 21 95% 11 9-Aug-14 Fort Yates, ND 12 12 11 91.70% 3 2

180 141 92.70%

NL Alliance Member Address Chippewa Valley Technical College Eau Claire, WI Austin Community College Austin, TX Oakton Community College Skokie, IL College of Lake County GraysLake, IL Southeast Tech Winona, MN North Dakota State College of Science Fargo, ND MatEd Seattle, WA Arapahoe Community College Littleton, CO Foothill College Los Altos Hills, CA Mohave Community Collge Kingman, AZ St. Petersburg St. Petersburg FL Northcentral Technical College Wausau, WI

Bio-Link San Francisco, CA

OPTEC TX Indian Hills Community College Ottumwa, IA

In the Emerging Technology Arena…… Employers need employees with multiple Skills, Knowledge and Abilities (SKAs)

Concepts

Hands-On

21st Century Skills

Critical Thinking

Concepts: Sense of Scale Surface area/volume Forces and Interactions Material Properties Multi-disciplinary Counter intuitive

Hands-On Equipment Operation Sample Preparation Equipment Maintenance Equipment strengths and weaknesses Various Applications Is Expensive Need many pieces

21st Century Skills: Multi-disciplinary team player Oral and written communication Variety of Audiences Life long learning Not everyone speaks the same technical language

Critical Thinking: Requires multi-disciplinary knowledge Investigations Design of Experiments Data Analysis Statistical Understanding Unique set of capabilities

Business and political leaders are increasingly asking schools to integrate development of skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, and collaboration into the teaching and learning of academic subjects. Collectively these skills are often referred to as “21st century skills” or “deeper learning.” Education for Life and Work: Developing Transferable Knowledge and Skills in the 21st Century, a new report from the National Research Council, more clearly defines these terms and lays the groundwork for policy and further research in the field.

The new report: clarifies the meaning of “deeper learning” and “21st century skills.” Deeper learning is the process through which a person becomes capable of taking what was learned in one situation and applying it to new situations. Through deeper learning, students develop 21st century competencies – transferable expertise within a given subject area, including both knowledge and skills. examines links between 21st century competencies and adult outcomes. Research on links between 21st century competencies and adult outcomes has been limited so far. Cognitive competencies – those related to thinking, reasoning and memory – show consistent, positive correlations of modest size with desirable outcomes in education, work, and health. Being conscientious is also correlated with desirable outcomes. identifies instructional methods that can support students’ development of transferable knowledge and skills in a subject area. examines the Common Core State Standards in math and English language arts and NRC’s K-12 science education framework to assess how well they support deeper learning and 21st century competencies. All three documents highlight the importance of helping students understand the general principles underlying specific content, a hallmark of deeper learning. recommends that state and federal governments establish policies and programs to support students’ acquisition of transferable knowledge and skills.

Dec 2012 NAS Report

Trad. Concept NS1 NS2 NS3

NS4 NS5

NS6 NS7 NS8 NS9

Physics NA

Classical physics – macro level:

X X X X X X

Electricity and Magnetism:

X X X X X X

Light and Optics: X X X X X

Atomic Physics: X X X X X X

Materials Science

Introductory Materials Properties:

X X X X X

Atomic Structure: X X X X X X X

Polymers: X X X

Ceramics: X X X

Chemistry

Aqueous solutions and Solubility:

X X X X X

Water: X X X X X

Structure of atoms X X X X X X X

Chemical Reactions: X X X X X X

Biology

Atoms and Molecules: X X X X X X

Biotechnology: X X X X X X X X

Immune System: X X X X

NS 1: Sense of Scale NS2: Surface Area to Volume Ratio NS3: Nature/Structure of Matter NS 4: Forces and Interactions NS 5: Size Dependent Properties NS 6: Self Assembly NS 7: Societal Impacts NS 8: Tools of Nanoscience (AFM, SEM, XRD, TEM etc.) NS 9: Simulation

The “Big” Ideas or Concepts of Nanotechnology

NanoScience To Traditional Science Concept Correlation

Industry wants employees who can think! How do we get students to think? Even harder --- get them to think at the nanoscale ………holding + and – cards – stand around the room --- move an electron through the ‘maze” The salt and water example……

Salt and Water

Why does salt dissolve in water?

Why does more salt dissolve in hot water than in cold water?

Ref: alevelnotes.com

Ref: glogster.com

Ionic Bonding - Example

3s1

3p6

Sodium Atom

Na

Chlorine Atom

Cl

Sodium Ion Na+

Chlorine Ion Cl -

I O N I C B O N D

2-15

Figure 2.10

(a) A schematic illustration of a cross section from solid NaCl. NaCl is made of Cl- and Na+ ions arranged alternatingly so that the oppositely charged ions are closest to each other and attract each other. There are also repulsive forces between the like ions. In equilibrium the net force acting on any ion is zero. (b) Solid NaCl.

(a) (b)

Ref: biology.arizona.edu

Salt and Water Summary

Priority of forces – which bond (or group of bonds) is stronger?

Sense of scale: How many water molecules, how many salt (Na and Cl) atoms

Strengths of bonds, temperature dependence, pressure dependence

Temperature can cause bonds to break, releasing dipole molecules to bond with molecules in the crystalline salt

Evolution of a Nano-Link Module

Start out with scientific rigor, week + content and ppt file Issue with textbook lawyers

Ask the customer - >250 surveys ? Topics and what is needed/important

Answer: Hands On, 1 class period, some background,

basic level, materials provided or listed

Module Table of Contents •Topic specific – brief introduction •Prerequisites •Correlation to nanoscience concepts •Correlation to traditional science concepts •Background information on the topic •Lecture Power Points – Nano Concepts •Activity description/process •Explanatory video of the activity •Related models, simulations, animations •Related journal articles and worksheets

Module Focus Traditional Science Nano Concept Application Correlation

Surface Area / Volume Ratio

Reactivity Algebra Graphing

Reactivity Surface Area

Batteries Catalytic Converters

Superhydrophobicity Cohesive and adhesive forces

Chemistry Physics

Priorities of forces and Interactions

Water purification Medical coatings

Crystals Unit Cells Material Science Material Structure Material Structure

Cross-Link Polymer Fluid and polymer interactions

Chemistry Biology

Priorities of forces and interactions

Drug Delivery

Ring Polymer Fluid and polymer interactions

Chemistry Priorities of forces and interactions

Absorbent Material

Scientific Method Scientific Process General General Design of Experiments

Sunscreen Nanoparticles and light interaction

Physics Size dependent interactions

Sunscreen

Thin Films Interactions with light Physics Size dependent interactions

Decorative products

Memory Metals Crystalline structure of metals

Physics Material Science

Nanoscale properties Springs

What’s wrong with this picture?

Atomic Structure Physics Atomic Structure Models and simulations

Water and Salt Dissolving process Temperature dependence

Chemistry Sense of Scale Super saturated solutions

Micelles Non uniform charge distribution

Biology Hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Detergent

Protein Folding Non uniform charge distribution

Biology Molecular structure Drug interactions

Micro Fluidics Turbulent and Laminar Flow (mixing fluids)

Physics Material Science

Phenomena at the nanoscale

Lab on a chip

Diffraction Gratings Optics Physics Size dependent interactions

Sensors

Nanoparticles in solution

Diffusion Chemistry Molecular Interactions

Targeted systems

Aspirin Calculation Hype Vs. Reality Math Sense of Scale Product Assembly

NanoCrete Impact of nano composites

Material Science Size dependent interactions

Building products

On a typical day...

Intelligent Credit Card Integrated Circuits

GMR Read Head Magnetic Multilayers

LED Display Photonic Materials

Exact Time via satellite Semiconductíng devices Micro-Batteries

Artificial Lens Biocompatible Polymers

Digital Camera CCD Chip

Glasses and Coatings Optical Materials UV Filter

Artificial Hips Biocompatible Materials

Mobile Phone SAW Structures

Bike Frame Carbon Fibres Composite Materials

Cosmetics TiO2 Nanoparticle Air Bag

Accelaration Sensors MEMS

GPS Navigation Functional Materials

Pace Maker Li-Batteries New Materials for Energy

Taylored Materials at Work ….

Catalyzer Nanoparticles

Facets of Nanotechnology at 3M

Quantum Dot Rainbow Source: Andrey Rogach

References: Yu. P. Rakovich, J. F. Donegan, S. A. Filonovich, M. J. M. Gomes, D. V. Talapin, A. L. Rogach, A. Eychmüller.

"Up-Conversion Luminescence via a Below-gap State in CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots." Physica E , 17, 99-100.2003

Description:

Semiconductor nanocrystals, also called colloidal quantum dots, typically have a size between ~1 and 10 nm and lie in the transition regime between bulk solids and molecules. They are fascinating objects for studying basic novel properties of matter, generally described by the term "size quantization effect". A

famous demonstration of the size-dependent properties of semiconductor nanocrystals is the continuous change of their emission color. Shown is an example of the range of CdSe nanocrystal emission spectra. Most nanocrystals are highly luminescent, and the emission is tunable through the whole visible and the

near-IR spectral range by controlling the composition and size of quantum dots. Highly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals are interesting for different applications, ranging from thin film optoelectronic devices to fluorescent labels. The incorporation of luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals into photonic

crystals and microcavities has attracted considerable attention as a promising pathway to novel light sources with controllable spontaneous emission.

Semiconductor Nanoparticles Particle size, shape and composition determine the wavelengths of

light absorbed and emitted

www.nature.com