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Let’s Learn Together!
Science: Natural Resources
Week 1 – Complete the “Natural Resources,” “Engineering and Energy,” and “Mix Up, Match Up.” Week 2 – Read and complete activities “In National News…,” “In Maryland News…,” and “In Charles County News…” Background Information – Living things depend on natural resources to survive. Natural resources are anything that is found in nature that we use like water, forests, fossil fuels, minerals, plants, animals, and even air. There are two types of natural resources, renewable and non-renewable. Renewable resources are things that we use over and over because they are replaced naturally. Examples are air, water, sunlight, and trees. Non-renewable resources are things that we use from nature that cannot be replaced during our lives like natural gas, coal, and oil. Fossil fuels are natural fuels (like coal or gas) that are formed from remains of living things. They are non-renewable resources.
Social Studies: What Makes a Good Citizen? Social Studies activities in this learning bundle center on the compelling question, “What makes a good citizen?” Fourth grade students will read and analyze two articles about government and citizenship and answer some text-dependent questions with each. Finally, students will complete one of two final tasks to show what they have learned about good citizenship.
Social Studies and science
Activities At –A–Glance
The following assignments should be kept in the student’s
portfolio to be turned in at a later date:
Science: Mix Up, Match Up, Writing piece on the solar farm
Social Studies: What Makes a Good Citizen? Final Task
My child completed his/her science and social studies work from learning bundle five.
________________________________
Parent Signature
S1
Science – Natural Resources – Grade 4 Natural Resources: Read the text below once. Then re-read and circle the best word in each ( ) to complete the reading.
Resources are found in nature. They make a better quality of life for ( plants humans ). Soil, air, water, sunlight, and trees are all examples of resources that humans use every day. Without resources we could not live on the planet Earth.
Food, water, and sunlight are all examples of a ( natural unnatural ) resource. A natural resource is a material found in (school nature) that is used by living things. Air, rocks, metals, ( cars soil ), and salt are all natural resources.
Renewable resources are resources that can be replaced during a human ( day lifetime ). Trees, air, water, and even energy from the ( sun moon ) are renewable resources. Trees that are cut down can be replaced (never quickly ) when seeds or young trees are planted. ( Water Dirt ) from our bathtubs and sinks can be cleaned at treatment facilities for drinking water. Plants, wind, and rain can help clean polluted air to make it safer to breathe.
Sometimes resources cannot be replaced after they are used. These are called ( renewable nonrenewable ) resources. Once nonrenewable resources are used up, nature ( will will not) be able to replace them during a human lifetime. Oil, natural gas, ( soil houses ), and metals are all types of nonrenewable resources that we use every day.
Coal is another example of a nonrenewable resource. Coal is made by nature deep within the ( planets Earth). Humans mine the coal underground and use it as an ( energy wind ) source. Once humans have mined all the coal from inside Earth, there will be no more coal for us to ( use sell ). Humans are finding new ways to harness other natural resources to do jobs that have mainly used coal in the past. For example, ( wind Earth ) and water turbines are now used to generate electrical energy instead of burning coal.
1. A student scientist uses what tool to read the answers to the reading in the box above. a. hand lens b. microscope c. telescope d. mirror
2. Choose all the renewable resources.
a. sun b. wind c. gas d. water
Adapted from Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education
S2
Engineering and Energy:
Energy is everywhere! Although sometimes you can hear energy (sound), feel energy (wind), taste energy (food), and see energy (light), most often it is hard to figure out exactly where energy is.
Energy can move and change, but it cannot be destroyed. Almost every form of energy can be changed into other forms. No matter what form, energy has the ability to make something happen or, as scientists put it, "do work."
There are many different types of energy. Some of these types of energy are called renewable, or can be re-used, such as energy from the sun, wind or water. Other energy is called non-renewable because once it is used up, it is gone, like coal, natural gas, and oil.
Engineers know about energy. They design new and more efficient ways to make electricity using renewable resources. They are improving the designs of factories and products to be more efficient and use less energy. They are designing cleaner engines that use less fuel and new car designs that use electric motors. They improve ways to store renewable energy in case there are power failures. When the power goes out, no one wants a “dead” phone. These engineering efforts contribute to a better, cleaner planet for all. Wouldn't it be great to be an engineer making such an important difference in our lives?
Energy Detectives: You have been hired as an engineering energy detective. Your job is to evaluate where you live, inside and outside, to find all the sources of energy available. Complete the chart below. An outside example is given.
Item that uses energy I know it uses energy
because… Source of energy
Plant It is growing Sun
TV
Saving energy is important. What is something that you can do at home to help save energy? __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Adapted from Teach Engineering- University of Colorado- Boulder
S3
Solar Energy
Description:
Positive Effect:
Negative Effect:
Circle: Renewable nonrenewable
Mix Up, Match Up: Use the chart at the bottom of the page to match each of the four energy sources with their correct description, positive effect, and negative effect. Put the correct letters in each box. Number 1 (Fossils Fuels) has been completed for you as an example.
T Gas and oil are
found around the
world
E Uses technology
to capture the
sun’s rays
B Air turns blades
on a turbine to
make energy
A Solar farms use a
lot of land and
can disturb
habitats and heat
up the area
W Sun energy is
free and “clean”
E Wind turbines on
mountains tops can
disturb migrating
animals like birds
S Burning fuels cause
air pollution. Habitat
losses from oil spills
and changing
landform for mining
R Energy made
from flowing
water
E Rivers flow so
energy is
inexpensive after
the dam is built
L Clean energy-
No pollution is
created with
wind
N Dams cause
damage to animal
habitats like
salmon who need
to swim up river
to lay eggs
I Energy is found
deep in the
ground in the
form of oil, gas,
or coal
Water (hydroelectric)
Energy
Description:
Positive Effect:
Negative Effect:
Circle: Renewable nonrenewable
Wind Energy
Description:
Positive Effect:
Negative Effect:
Circle: Renewable nonrenewable
Fossil Fuels
Description:
I
Positive Effect:
T
Negative Effect:
S
Circle: Renewable nonrenewable
Write the letters of the answers above to solve the riddle:
How is a library book like solar energy?
I T’S __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
1..
2.
3.
4
S4
In National News…
Most Americans (77%) say it’s more important for the United States to develop alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind power, than use more coal, oil and other fossil fuels, according to a recent Pew Research Center survey. This raises the question: How did America’s use of energy change from 2000 to 2019?
Adapted from Pew Research 2020
United States Energy Sources in 2000 and 2019
3. How did our use of the sources of energy change from 2000 to 2019? In the chart below, list the sources of energy that were used more in 2019 and the sources that were used less in 2019.
Energies used MORE in 2019 Energies used LESS in 2019
4. Predict: In 2030, the US will be using more ________________________________ energies.
a. solar and wind b. coal and oil c. natural gas and oil d. nuclear and coal
Coal 23%
Natural Gas24%
Oil39%
Nuclear8%
Hydroelectric3%
Solar, wind, and other renewables
3%
2000
Coal11%
Natural Gas32%Oil
37%
Nuclear8%
Hydroelectric 3%
Solar, Wind, and other renewables
9%
2019
S5
In Maryland News…
Half of Maryland’s Electricity to Come from Renewable Sources by 2030
Maryland must get 50 percent of its electricity from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar by 2030 under a bill that became law…
“This is the strongest bill ever passed in Maryland to fight global warming and now stands as a national example…”
(excerpts from The Washington Post, 05/22/19)
In December 2019, Governor Hogan proposed that by 2040, 100% of Maryland’s electricity would come from renewable energy. In Charles County News…
Maryland Denies a Solar Farm that Georgetown University Wanted
to Build
Maryland has denied permission for a solar farm project that Georgetown University wanted to build in Nanjemoy, a rural area in Charles County, MD. The project would clear about 210 acres of trees. The project would actually harm the environment by endangering birds and causing runoff that would damage water that flows to the Chesapeake Bay. A number of at-risk birds — including bald eagles, warblers, eastern whip-poor-wills and wood thrushes — live in this Nanjemoy forest. “Georgetown University’s efforts to use solar energy is admirable, but clean energy should never require clearing high quality forests. We hope that Georgetown will be able to find a more suitable (better) site for the solar farm and commend (praise) them on working toward climate change mitigation (improvement).” (excerpts from The Washington Post- 08/29/19)
5. How can Maryland increase the use of renewable energies to make electricity?
(Hint: Increase means use MORE; decrease means use LESS) a. Increase the use of solar energy and coal b. Decrease the use of natural gas and increase the use of wind energy c. Decrease the use of solar energy and increase the use of natural gas d. Decrease the use of wind and solar energy
Solar Farm—an area of land with a large number of
solar panels set up to generate (make) electricity
S6
6. If Maryland reaches its goal to make all of its electricity from renewable energies by 2040, what
environmental effects may occur? Choose all answers that apply. a. Cleaner air b. Cleaner water c. More pollution d. Wildlife habitat loss e. Less pollution means less breathing problems for people f. Views of more mountain tops with wind turbines
7. Native American representatives spoke at the public meetings about the solar farm that Georgetown
wanted to build on forested land in Nanjemoy, Maryland. They stated that the environment (land, water, plants, animals, and air) is important to them and their culture. Even though solar energy is “clean,” they did not support the building of the solar farm on that land. Use evidence and reasoning to explain how and why that land was not a good choice for building the solar farm. Claim: The forested land was not a good place to build the solar farm. Use evidence and reasoning to support the Native American’s claim about the solar farm. Evidence #1:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Evidence #2:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Reasoning:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Grade 4 Social Studies
SS 1
What Makes a Good Citizen? Research Simulation Task
Directions: Read Source A and Source B and answer the questions that go with each source. Then, use the information from the three sources to complete the final task.
Grade 4 Social Studies
SS 2
Source A
How Government Works: State and Local Power By USHistory.org, adapted by Newsela staff
02/16/2017
The United States has one national government. It also has 50 state governments and 89,000
local governments.
Most government employees work for local and state governments. Ordinary citizens interact
with these officials every day. For example, teachers and policemen are state and local workers.
Some people believe that local government helps bring government closer to the people. Also, it
makes our government more democratic. In order for this to be true, others argue, citizens must
get involved in local politics.
State and Local Officials Governors, lawmakers and other elected officials lead state governments. Judges sit on both state
and local courts. Local officials include mayors, city council members and school board
members.
Many local officials are nonpartisan. In other words, they do not run for election with a party, or
political group. They just run on their own good names. Often local officials belong to both
political parties.
Not Much Interest in Local Politics How important is local politics to Americans? Do they vote and attend meetings? Do they phone
their local officials and keep up with the news surrounding local politics?
In general, citizens are not very interested in, or informed about, their local governments. They
tend to be much more interested in the national government. They also know much more about
what is happening at the national level.
A teacher smiles as she helps a
student with reading at Grace L.
Patterson Elementary, a public
school in California. Public school
teachers work for the local
government. They are one of
many kinds of public officials
people cross paths with every day.
Photo by: AP Photo/Rich
Pedroncelli.
Grade 4 Social Studies
SS 3
In the last few presidential elections, a little more than half of eligible voters showed up at the
polls. Far fewer people show up to vote in local elections, such as school board and city council
elections. For these, only about one in every 10 eligible voters turns out to vote. Yet these
elections have a much bigger impact on voters' daily lives. So why is there such a big difference
in voter turnout?
Many Important Issues Involve Local Governments
Some of the reasons are understandable. After all, local governments are involved with everyday
things. These governments provide fire and police service. They keep the roads in
shape. They try to bring more jobs to the community. When these things are working correctly,
they may not always be very exciting.
People tend to let local officials do their jobs until something happens that directly affects their
lives. For example, people might be more likely to get involved after a neighbor's house is
robbed. Then, they will want to know how their local officials are going to respond.
Overall, most people seem to have very little interest in local politics. If they were more
interested, they would be more involved. Still, many important issues today directly involve state
and local governments. People need protection from crime and violence. They depend on state
and local officials for that. All governments have to deal with drugs, racism and poverty.
Education, the protection of the environment and health care are all big problems in the United
States today. All across the United States, thousands of people are trying to solve them. But to
work properly, a democracy needs all of its citizens to participate.
A rally for Democratic presidential
candidate Hillary Clinton in
November 2016. For presidential
elections, candidates usually tour
the country and hold many events
to help gain support. But it is not
as common for local politicians to
have these kinds of big
campaigns.
Photo by: Associated
Press/Andrew Harnik.
Grade 4 Social Studies
SS 4
1. Part A: Select the paragraph from section "Not Much Interest In Local Politics" that compares national and local elections. A) Paragraph 4
C) Paragraph 6
B) Paragraph 5
D) Paragraph 7
Part B: Select two pieces of text evidence that compares national and local elections. “Far fewer people show up to vote in local elections, such as school board and city
council elections.”
“Still, many important issues today directly involve state and local governments.”
“They tend to be much more interested in the national government.”
“Often local officials belong to both political parties.” 2. Part A: According to the author, what is the one time when people get involved in local government?
A) during the presidential election
C) when it affects them personally
B) when everything is working correctly
D) on a daily basis
Part B: Choose text evidence that BEST supports your answer to Part A.
A) “Some people believe that local government helps bring government closer to the people”
B) “They just run on their own good names.” C) “…people might be more likely to get involved after a neighbor's house is robbed.” D) “After all, local governments are involved with everyday things.” E) “Then, they will want to know how their local officials are going to respond.” F) “People tend to let local officials do their jobs until something happens that directly
affects their lives.” 3.What is the main idea of this article?
A) Local governments function differently at the state and town level than national governments.
B) Americans are very interested in national politics because they believe that voting for the president is important.
C) Local governments affect people's everyday lives and people should be more involved in them.
D) Local officials like statesmen, mayors and school board members are more important than people realize.
Grade 4 Social Studies
SS 5
4. Part A: What is the opinion of the author in the article? A) Citizens need to participate in both national and local government
C) National elections are more important than local elections
B) Elections need to take place at the local level
D) Elections are important to the American people
Part B: Choose the text evidence that best supports your answer in Part A.
A) “Overall, most people seem to have very little interest in local politics. If they were more interested, they would be more involved. Still, many important issues today directly involve state and local governments. People need protection from crime and violence. They depend on state and local officials for that.”
B) “Far fewer people show up to vote in local elections, such as school board and city council elections. For these, only about one in every 10 eligible voters turns out to vote. Yet these elections have a much bigger impact on voters' daily lives. So why is there such a big difference in voter turnout?”
C) “All governments have to deal with drugs, racism and poverty. Education, the protection of the environment and health care are all big problems in the United States today. All across the United States, thousands of people are trying to solve them. But to work properly, a democracy needs all of its citizens to participate.”
D) “In general, citizens are not very interested in or informed about their local governments. They tend to be much more interested in the national government.”
Source B
How Government Works: What is Citizenship? By Encyclopedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff
02/24/2017
Citizenship is all about rights and responsibilities. A citizen is a person who is a full member of a
country. Citizens have rights that are given by the country's government. For example, a citizen
has the right to be protected by a country's laws. In return, citizens have responsibilities that they
owe to the country. One of the most important duties is being loyal to the country.
Citizens in California show up to vote
for president in 2008. Citizens have
certain rights. Voting for leaders, like
the president is one example.
Photo from: Associated Press.
Grade 4 Social Studies
SS 6
Citizenship is different than nationality. A person's nationality tells which country that person is
from. People who are from a certain country are not always citizens of that country, though.
They may have gained citizenship in another country, or they may have lost their citizenship.
People who live in a country but are not citizens or nationals of that country are called aliens.
Rules for Citizenship Each country sets its own rules for citizenship. Many countries have set up four ways to become
a citizen. First, anyone who is born in the country is a citizen. Second, anyone whose mother or
father is a citizen is also a citizen. Third, anyone who is married to a citizen becomes a citizen.
Fourth, a person who goes through a process
called naturalization becomes a citizen.
Naturalization is a way for someone born in
one country to become a citizen of another
country. Naturalization laws differ from
country to country. Usually, people who want
to become naturalized citizens must have lived
in the new country for several years. They
usually must speak the country's language.
They might have to pass a test about the
country's laws and history. Often, they must
take an oath, or swear to be loyal to the
country.
Rights and Duties of Citizens
Citizens have certain rights. Some countries give their citizens more or different rights than other
countries. Citizens usually have the right to vote. They often have the right to be elected to
government jobs as well. Other rights of citizens might include the right to follow any religion
they choose, and the right to speak freely.
Citizens also have duties, or responsibilities. Voting is both a responsibility and a right. Citizens
must vote to make sure that their government works for the good of its citizens. Citizens also
might have the duty to serve on a jury during a trial in court. Some countries also make serving
in the military a duty of all citizens.
Aliens might have some of the same rights as citizens. However, they usually cannot vote or
serve in the government. Aliens also have some of the same responsibilities as citizens. They
must obey the country's laws and they often must pay taxes, too.
People Can Lose Their Citizenship
Loss of citizenship is pretty rare. It happens only in very special cases. For example, if someone
becomes a naturalized citizen of a different country, a government could take away that
person's citizenship. A government also might take away the citizenship of someone who shows
loyalty to another country. Examples of this include voting in a foreign election or serving in a
foreign military. Trying to overthrow the government by force is a serious crime that can result
People raise their hands to take a pledge. They
are becoming citizens of the United States.
Photo from: Grand Canyon National Park.
Grade 4 Social Studies
SS 7
in loss of citizenship. Naturalized citizens who commit other serious crimes might lose their
citizenship as well.
People who have lost their citizenship can end up as citizens of no country. Those people are
called stateless persons.
In America, serving on a jury is a citizen's responsibility.
President Trump served on a jury while campaigning in
2015. It is important to note that being a politician does
not mean you don't have to do jury duty. Presidents
Barack Obama and George Bush were also called to
serve—while they were in office!
Photo from: Getty Images/Andrew Burton.
How Government Works: What is Citizenship?
5. Write the BEST four statements that create a summary of the article in the boxes below.
A) Aliens share some of the rights that citizens have, but they cannot vote.
B) Citizens are people who are full members of a country.
C) Citizens also have responsibilities, or duties, like voting and serving on a jury.
D) One way to become a citizen is to marry someone who is already a citizen.
E) Rules for becoming and staying a citizen are different for every country, but there are
typically four ways to become a citizen.
F) People can lose their citizenship if they vote in a foreign election or commit serious
crimes.
Grade 4 Social Studies
SS 8
6. Part A: Answer the following question based on the article.
What is the relationship between a right and a duty?
A) Duties are what citizens should do
in exchange for getting rights.
C) Duties are what citizens receive in return
for giving up their rights.
B) Duties are what citizens avoid so
that they will not lose their rights.
D) Duties are what citizens try to protect so
they can gain their rights.
Part B: Choose a piece of text evidence that supports your answer in Part A.
A) “…could take away that’s person’s citizenship.”
B) “Voting is both a responsibility and a right.”
C) “For example, a citizen has the right to be protected by a country’s laws.”
D) “…citizens have responsibilities that they owe to the country.”
7. Copy the following phrases into the correct category to show the difference between Rights
and Duties.
Vote Pay Taxes Loyal to Country
Be on a Jury Protected by Laws Speak Freely
Be a part of the Military Elected to Government Religion
Rights of Citizens Duties of Citizens
8. According to the article, select ALL the requirements listed below for becoming a citizen of
another country?
“A government may take away citizenship of someone who shows loyalty to another
country.
“People who have lost their citizenship can end up citizens of no country.”
“First, anyone who is born in the country is a citizen.”
“… a person who goes through a process called naturalization becomes a citizen”
“they usually speak the country’s language”
“…anyone who is married to a citizen…”
“Second, anyone whose mother and father is a citizen is also a citizen”
Grade 4 Social Studies
SS 9
9. Which selection from the article BEST supports the idea that most people are able to keep
their citizenship once they have it?
A) Citizenship is all about rights and responsibilities. A citizen is a person who is a full
member of a country.
B) First, anyone who is born in the country is a citizen. Second, anyone whose mother or
father is a citizen is also a citizen.
C) Citizens usually have the right to vote. They often have the right to be elected to
government jobs as well.
D) Loss of citizenship is pretty rare. It happens only in very special cases
What Makes a Good Citizen? Final Task
Directions: Choose one of the following to show what you have learned from the
two sources. Complete your final task on a sheet of notebook paper or type it on
the computer.
Choice One: After reading both sources, "How Government
Works: State and Local Power" and "How Government Works:
What is Citizenship?" do you plan on voting when you turn
18? How will you use your citizenship to help your local
community or even your country? Use evidence from both
articles when writing your multi-paragraph essay.
Choice Two: Scenario: Your town (Waldorf, La Plata, Indian
Head, etc.) has a problem with people littering. As a town or as
a citizen, what could you do about it? Using what you have
learned about citizenship, write a letter to the mayor of your
town (or another government official) sharing what you think
should be done in order to correct this.