NBI © 2015

Lessons Learned, Tools, Trends

& Technologies for ZNE

JANUARY 20, 2015 WEBINAR

ACHIEVEMENT

AGENDA

• Welcome & Introduction

• CA ZNE Goals & Policy

• Trends & Status of ZNE

• Lessons Learned from the CA Early

Adopters

• Tools & Resources for ZNE

ZNE Lessons Learned, Tools & Resources for ZNE

UNDERSTANG Non-commercial reproduction of this content or use in other materials is allowed.

Please cite the source as: “California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013”

“Big Bold” Goals for ZNE in California

All new residential construction

in California will be ZNE by 2020

All new commercial construction

will be ZNE by 2030

50% of existing buildings will be

retrofit to ZNE by 2030

The California Efficiency Strategic Plan (Sep

2008) californiaenergyefficiency.com/docs/

EEStrategicPlan.pdf

Exploratorium | San Francisco, CA DPR Offices

1

2

3

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Please cite the source as: “California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013”

Foundation of State Policies

Reduces statewide greenhouse gas (GHG)

emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and to 20

percent of 1990 levels by 2050.

Requires the Energy Commission to develop

and implement a comprehensive program to

achieve greater energy savings in the state

of California’s existing residential and

nonresidential building stock.

Energy Efficiency Program for Existing Buildings (2009)

Global Warming Solutions Act (2006)

AB 32

AB 758

Long Term Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan (2008)

State’s first integrated framework−a single roadmap to achieve maximum

energy savings across all major groups and sectors.

UNDERSTANG Non-commercial reproduction of this content or use in other materials is allowed.

Please cite the source as: “California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013”

Leading by Example California’s Policy for Public Buildings

Executive Order B-18-12 requires state buildings

to significantly reduce energy use over the next

two decades.

Any proposed new or major

renovation of State buildings

larger than 10,000 square

feet use clean, on-site power

generation, such as solar

photovoltaic, solar thermal

and wind power generation,

and clean back-up power

supplies

50% of new facilities

beginning design after 2020

to be Zero Net Energy.

100% of new State

buildings & major

renovations beginning

design after 2025 to be ZNE

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Please cite the source as: “California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013”

A ZNE building produces as much energy as it

consumes through clean, renewable resources over the

course of a year. Also known as Net Zero Energy.

Zero Net Energy – What is it?

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Code Cycles to Net Zero in CA

Code Cycles to ZNE, Source: SCE & AEC, 2009

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Zero Net Energy Buildings

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The largest database on ZNE buildings in North America and the only database searchable by ZNE Status & Energy Performance http://newbuildings.org/getting-to-zero-buildings-database

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Where Are They?

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Broad Conclusions 1. ZNE has moved from an “impossible” future to a “quite

probable” future in just a few years. It’s a question of priorities,

policies and support.

2. Program efforts have been effective at enabling projects to meet

their goals using enhanced versions of relatively standard

approaches.

3. Standard practice “business case” or cost effectiveness is still

weak. However, examples of projects within normal cost

parameters exist, and for some markets, demonstration of

leadership, longer-term perspectives, and/or environmental

commitment trumps normal short-term economics.

4. The market is at a very early stage; awareness, examples,

education, and motivation are needed to continue to advance.

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Trends

• Bigger buildings, more types, more firms, diverse climates, lower EUIs,

• Buildings use readily available technologies and integrated design

• Net Positive

• Designers and owners want measurement and feedback

• Design teams going beyond the project to policy

• Low-rise Multifamily growing

• Ultra-low energy accomplishments are accelerating

Ramona Apartments, Portland, OR

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Challenges

• Data Gathering

• PV delayed due to cost

• Projects not occupied or

operated as modeled

• Getting the metering right

• Commissioning – new

form of ZNE Cx

• Fear of disclosure - ZNE

seen as an end-all

Definitions

NBI © 2015

ZERO NET ENERGY BUILDINGS IN

CALIFORNIA:

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

SMUD East Campus Operations Center

Bacon St. Offices, SDG&E & Hanna Gabriel Wells Architects

DPR Construction San Diego Corporate Office

ZNE & ZNE Efficient Buildings IN CA

51%

33%

8%

8%

Buildings by Size

< 50,000 SF

> 50,000 SF

N.A.

District(multiplebuildings)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

16

15

11

5

8

2

9

6

12

10

4

7

3

Project Count

CA

Clim

ate

Zo

ne

Projects by CA Climate Zone

ACHIEVEMENT

ZNE Early Adopters Leadership Network

CPUC-NBI-DGS public sector

peer learning group to support :

• Local governments

• State agencies

• K-12 schools

• Higher Education

• Utilities

Leading CA Cities

& Counties • Los Angeles County

• County of Santa Clara

• San Francisco

• Berkeley

• San Diego

• Los Altos

• San Jose

• Sacramento

• Alameda

• Huntington Beach

• San Leandro

• Long Beach

• Sebastapol

• City of Lancaster

• Sonoma County

• Santa Barbara County

ZNE EARLY ADOPTERS pursuing ZNE projects, plans or policies

State Government

• DGS

• DMV

• CA Dept of Corrections

• Caltrans

• ARB

• Employment Dept.

Federal Government

• NASA

• Army

ZNE EARLY ADOPTERS pursuing ZNE projects, plans or policies

Higher Education • UC Davis • UC Santa

Barbara • UC San Diego • Stanford • UC Merced • Laney

Community College

• DeAnza College • Mesa College • Sonoma State

ZNE EARLY ADOPTERS pursuing ZNE projects, plans or policies

Leading Schools & Districts

• Los Altos

• Oakland

• Campbell- San Jose

• Los Angeles

• Chula Vista

• Redding

• Corte Madera

ZNE EARLY ADOPTERS pursuing ZNE projects, plans or policies

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Motivations to Pursue ZNE

• State Policy/Executive Order

• Stabilize energy costs and lower GHG

• Renewable Energy Goals

• Leadership & demonstration

• Help Promote ZNE to professional design

community and owners

• Building project in progress with high performance

goals

• Increasing uncertainty about cost and availability

of energy, risk management for financing operations

and long term sustainability

“College and

universities increasingly

face fiscal constraints.

There is increasing

uncertainty about the

cost and availability of

purchased energy to

operate existing and new

facilities. These

uncertainties pose risks

to institutional finances,

operations and long-

term sustainability.”

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0 5 10 15 20

Cost

Funding/Financing

Lack of Information/Education/Marketing

Lack of vision/value recognition/resistence to change

Separation of capital financing and operation

Occupant expectations for conditioning

Lack of Performance/Cost Data

Lack of Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Public Perception

Net Energy Metering (NEM) Tariff Conflicts

Lack of reqmt for integrated design

Effective Maintenance & Operation to ZNE

Clear Definitions

Green champions

Poor coordination of existing bldg upgrades

EARLY ADOPTER PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO ZNE

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Cost and Payback Info

Building Design

Case Studies

Funding

Technologies

Best Practices

Why to do ZNE messaging

Retrofits v. Replacement with ZNE

Life Cycle costing

NEM & DR Conflicts

General ZNE Info

Role of occupants and plug loads

Operations

Existing Buildings Strategies

Training for Design Professionals

Implementation strategies

EARLY ADOPTER INFORMATION NEEDS

ACHIEVEMENT

LESSONS LEARNED from the

Zero Net Energy Early

Adopters Leadership Network

NBI © 2015

Strategies:

• Engage leadership to set ZNE Goals & Targets

• Adopt a formal policy for ZNE

• Establish a ZNE Task Force

• Solicit Feasibility Studies for Capital Projects

• Initiate one or more ZNE Pilots

• Amend contract RFP/RFQ Requirements for ZNE

performance goals and priorities: for contractors,

performance targets, required specifications,

documentation and persistence

How are Early Adopters Getting to ZNE?

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Strategies:

1. Explore creative funding opportunities for ZNE: EPIC,

Savings by Design, technology demonstration, bonds,

establish efficiency reserve funds.

2. Establish Incentives for ZNE buildings: permitting fast

track, fee waivers, low cost loans, public recognition by

leadership, etc.

3. Use the Tools to Engage and Educate internal staff,

leadership and public facing staff, communication and media

re: goals, targets, and important roll in operations and

behavior

4. Educate facilities and operations staff – much of ZNE

happens downstream

How are Early Adopters Getting to ZNE?

NBI © 2015

LESSONS LEARNED Early Adopters need greater

resources & support.

1. Networks and forums to share lessons

learned and resources

2. Incentives and programs to support energy

modeling, LCA, integrated design process

3. Tools for communication, marketing, and

education

4. Templates for policy, contracts, performance

specifications

5. Cost & Financing Information

6. Education & Training, including: integration

of ZNE into building delivery models, ZNE

operations and role of behavior

7. More Built Examples/Case Studies

8. Removal of Policy Barriers: Creative

Delivery Options

NBI © 2015

LESSONS LEARNED What we Heard from the

Early Adopters

Institutional Barriers

1. Limitations on procurement structure does not support a design-build or integrated design process.

2. Typical state and local contracts are not performance based.

3. State and local govs are risk averse so are hesitant to be experimental

4. Need internal reserve funds for up front energy efficiency investments

5. Limits on oversizing renewables are a challenge

6. Lack of qualified O&M staff for public buildings to plan for or operate to ZNE performance.

OVERCOMING THE COST BARRIER “The prevailing industry perception is that zero energy is cost prohibitive and suitable only for showcase projects with atypical, large budgets; however, there is mounting evidence that zero energy can, in many cases, be achieved within typical construction budgets.”

Fundraising & Financing Strategies 1. Utility Program Support - Savings By

Design

2. Pilot Research Program

3. Technology Demonstrations

4. Use an Upgradable Design Strategy

(e.g. Redding School for the Arts)

5. External Grant Funding

6. District Approach to Energy (FortZED)

7. Solar Financing District (e.g PACE)

8. Prop 39 funding for schools

PHOTO: San Francisco PUC| San Francisco, CA

PHOTO: San Francisco PUC| San Francisco, CA

Fundraising & Financing Strategies 9. Prototypical Design for replication of standard

buildings (Campbell School District’s 8 new

schools)

10. Reduction of operation costs = increased

capital project budgets

11. Power purchase agreements (PPAs)

12. Energy Service Companies (ESCo)

13. Emerging Tech programs through utilities

14. Urban development tools (if they are in local

government redevelopment area)

15. FEMA or hazard mitigation financing for

resiliency planning and critical building upgrades

NBI © 2015

New Resources to Support

Local Governments Policy Templates

• Santa Barbara Resolution for Zero Energy Buildings in County Owned Facilities

• ZNE Incentive Track embedded in Green Building Programs SmartBuildSB2 website

New Resources

• ZNE Report by Center for Sustainable Energy & Online Tool https://energycenter.org/zne

• NBI Top 10 Policies for Getting to Zero Energy Buildings http://newbuildings.org/ten-selected-policies-support-progress-toward-net-zero-building-sector

ACHIEVEMENT

ZNE Tools & Resources

Getting to Zero Workshops

for ZNE Early Adopters

Give participants an overview of California ZNE policy goals

Foster peer to peer learning networks

Showcase project case studies

Provide customized tools and resources necessary to help support

education and advocacy efforts

Help participants develop policy targets

Provide support for programs or projects with ZNE performance goals

NBI © 2014

ZNE Building Tours

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Assembling the Building Blocks of your ZNE Plan

www.newbuildings.org/zne-communications-toolkit

ZNE Presentation Templates

• Primarily commercial

• Carries general messages

• CA Goals for ZNE

• ZNE building examples

• Open source platform!

Slide collection will grow as

champions and others

develop their own ZNE

presentations

Users of the Presentation:

• Champions & Early Adopters

• Utilities

• Communications staff

Fact Sheets/ZNE Companion Guide

Policymakers

Policymakers

Decisionmakers

of Schools &

Public Buildings

Policymakers

Decisionmakers

of Schools &

Public Buildings

Architecture &

Engineering

Policymakers

Decisionmakers

of Schools &

Public Buildings

Architecture &

Engineering

Commercial

Owners

Policymakers

Decision makers

of Schools &

Public Buildings

Architecture &

Engineering

Commercial

Owners

FAQs

• ZNE Project Profiles

• News & Events

• Policy & Planning Updates

• Upcoming Training & Education

• New Research

• Low Energy Building Innovations

Email heather@newbuildings.org to sign up

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ZNE & Ultra-Low Energy

Case Studies • CPUC Case Study Briefs

& NBI ZNE Case Studies http://newbuildings.org/case-studies-zne-projects

• PG&E Case Studies http://energydesignresources.com/resources/publications/case-studies/case-studies-zne-non-residential-buildings.aspx

• NBI Registry http://newbuildings.org/share

• Getting to Zero Database http://newbuildings.org/getting-to-zero-buildings-database

To

pic

2

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What you can do

today to get started

PHOTO: San Francisco PUC| San Francisco, CA

1. Develop your ZNE Plan

2. Create the supporting policy

3. Get & Use the ZNE Communication

Tools & Planning Workbook

4. Build capacity through education,

collaboration, and convening

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PHOTO: Chartwell School| Seaside, CA (photo: Michael David Rose)

Questions?

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Please cite the source as: “California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013”

Thank You!

For more information and resources

visit: www.newbuildings.org/zero-energy

ZNE Communications Toolkit:

www.newbuildings.org/zne-communications-toolkit

Contact: Heather Flint Chatto, heather@newbuildings.org,

NBI © 2015

Introduction to 3 new:

ZNE Technology Application Guides

http://newbuildings.org/zero-energy

Webinar Early Adopter Webinar January 20, 2015

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Guides include:

• The technology, its features and benefits

• Energy performance - both modeled and

measured

• Project application examples

• Overviews on costs and trends

• Lists of related resources.

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Today’s Overview

1. Explanation

2. Application

3. Implication

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Barb Hamilton, Lighting Manager

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1) Explanation

Lighting accounts for 25-30% of electricity

used in California office buildings

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A sample system

• Sensor at each

luminaire

• Continuous

dimming

• Communication

• Energy Tracking and Data Collecting

• Many ways to do it

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Advancement

Granularity

Flexibility

Monitoring

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A system at work

Maximum Savings through Control Strategy

Layering – with capability at the Smallest

Increment

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2) Application

Office space with

individual luminaires at

each workspace

Uplight vs. Downlight control

Occupant Feedback

No aesthetic issues

Like individual control

Energy Savings

60% Savings

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Application

Office and warehouse

retrofit

Recessed luminaire retrofit

Downlight control only

Occupant Feedback

Liked customization

Energy Savings 65% Total

Tuning 18% Occupancy 42%

Daylighting 5%

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3) Implication

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Compared to Code

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Mark Lyles, Senior Project Manager

Energy Efficient Cooling

Through Evaporation

1) Explanation

Basics

• Adding water vapor to hot air removes sensible heat through the process of evaporation

• Early form of cooling

• Effectiveness of process is highly dependent on outside air conditions

Climate Specific

• Effectiveness is

related to temp and

RH

• Advances in IEC

technologies allows

for wider adoption

• Can be used in most

CA climates

Indirect Evaporative Cooling

(IEC)

• Indirect process uses evaporation to cool secondary air or fluid

• Efficient cooling without raising indoor humidity levels

• Can be used to meet entire cooling load or to downsize a parallel cooling system

Configurations

• Several common configurations for IEC: – Packaged unit that

includes air-moving devices and water distribution

– Evaporatively cooled air conditioners (cool condenser)

– Cooling tower used to evaporatively precool ventilation air Source: Coolerado

Other Design Considerations

Water quality and usage:

- High mineral content can result in inefficient water usage and operation

- Compare system specs for water use metrics

- Ensure proper installation and ongoing commissioning

- Operation staff training

UC Merced Science &

Engineering 1 • 237,000 SF building that

includes classrooms, labs and offices

• Ventilation for lab areas is evaporatively pre-cooled

• Part of strategy to reduce peak cooling demand

• Results indicate a 50% reduction in peak chilled water usage

San Luis National Wildlife

Refuge HQ & Visitor Center

• 16,500 SF interpretative center Targeting ZNE

• Cooling strategy includes two stages: 1. Passive thermal

displacement

2. High efficient precooling/multistage IEC system

Source: Catalyst Architects

Energy Savings

• As outdoor temperatures increase, evaporative-

based systems typically become more efficient

• This characteristic results in favorable peak

energy savings

• Analysis conducted for Title 24 determined that

the savings potential for was on the order of 18-

26% (TDV)

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Cathy Higgins, Research Director

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1) Explanation

Reducing Fan Energy

& Increasing Comfort

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Basics How:

• Cool and/or warm water is piped through panels, slabs,

ceilings or floors

• Ventilation air is provided by a Dedicated Outside Air

System (DOAS) which can include energy recovery

Why:

• Less energy to pumping water than using fans to push

air

• Reduces standard forced-air system operational issues

such as simultaneous heating and cooling

• Thermal comfort and fresh air are increased

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Typical Types:

flex in slabs or copper in panels

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Dedicated Outdoor Air System

(DOAS) for Ventilation

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Considerations Slabs

• Floor and ceiling slabs best in spaces with standard ventilation rates that

don’t experience rapid changes in occupant density.

• Ceiling slabs are more effective than floor slabs for cooling the space.

Panels (ceiling and wall)

• Faster thermal response than slabs so more effective with frequently

changing thermal demands,

• Good for cooling-dominated applications and retrofit application.

Chilled beams

• Spaces with high ventilation rates and high ceilings, combined with radiant

slabs to meet large sensible cooling loads.

Moisture

• Careful set points and control for the chilled-water supply to avoid

condensation on slab surfaces

NBI © 2015

2) Application

Tahoe Center for Environmental Studies

45,000 sf with radiant panels and some floor

slabs, DOAS + CO2 sensors for ventilation

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IDeAs Office - San Jose, CA

Source: PG&E ZNE Case Study Buildings 2014

6,557 gsf - floor slab served by solar thermal and

GSHP, natural ventilation and back-up fan ventilation

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Watsonville Water Resources Center

PHOTO: BRUCE DIAMONT

Source: PG&E ZNE Case Study Buildings 2014

16,000 gsf – heating in floor slab served by gas condensing boiler,

ventilation is operable windows, large slow-moving ceiling fans,

passive “chimney’ drafting and back-up mechanical heat pump a/c.

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Additional case study resources

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3) Implications

Source 1: Exploratorium Modeled Energy Source 2: P. Rumsey Study of Infosys Bldg., India ASHRAE Article May 2014

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Packard Foundation HQ Building

Los Altos, CA

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Questions

PHOTO: BRUCE DIAMONT