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Lesson 30
WW II: The Pacific – Rolling Back the Perimeter
Lesson Objectives
• Understand and analyze the Japanese and American strategies for the war in the Pacific and Asia.
• Analyze the impact of the military revolution during the interwar years on the war in the Pacific theater.
• Become familiar with the timeline of events in the Pacific war.
• Interpret and analyze the two U.S. strategies for rolling back Japanese’s defensive perimeter.
US Strategy
Isolate Japan
Roll back defensive perimeter
• Southwestern Pacific
• Central Pacific
Destroy industrial capability, will to fight
Invade home islands
Maps.com
US Strategy
Roll back defensive perimeter
Isolate Japan
Two Routes to Japan
Pacific Commanders
MacArthur, Roosevelt, NimitzJuly 1944
Pacific Commanders
MacArthur, Roosevelt, NimitzJuly 1944
Island Hopping
History Animated
May 42 – Aug 45
Nov 43 – Feb 44
Jun-Aug 44
Feb-Mar 45
= Bypassed Japanese Bases
Rabaul
Lessons from Dieppe
Need:
• Specialized vehicles
• Increased fire support
• Specialized landing craft
• Alternative to capturing a port
Review
Not usually a factor in island hopping
Campaigns limited in scope
Carrier War
Carrier War
The documentary follows the WWII exploits of the Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CV-10) (unidentified in the film), in its first major operations following its commissioning in 1943. The life of the crew is documented from July 1943 to June 1944, from its passage through the Panama Canal through assaults on Marcus, Kwajalein, Truk and Tinian Islands, and culminating with the Battle of the Philippine Sea.
( 1:00:51 )
Amphibious WarDoctrine
LTV-2LTV-2
LTV(A)-4
Specialized Vehicles
Amphibious Tractors
Amphibious WarDoctrine
LCM[R]
Fire Support
Battle for TarawaGilbert Islands, 20-23 November 1943
Why Tarawa?Needed for B-29 Bases
Needed to support Marianas
Needed to support Marshalls
Orientation of following aerial photo
Tarawa Atoll
Betio Island
Tarawa
First assault on a heavily defended island in the Pacific War
After three hour bombardment, assault force headed to beach
Planners had not accounted for neap tide (reduced flow)
Not enough water over reef for landing craft (Higgins boats)
Amtracs able to proceed, but many Marines forced to wade
Tarawa
Tarawa
“Bloody Tarawa”
Tarawa24 November 1943
Tarawa
Forces Committed:
US: 35,000 Marines & Army Japan: 2,600 Imperial Marines
Losses:
US: 1,019 killed, 2,101 wounded Japan: 4,690 killed 146 captured
~ 2,200 laborers
Marines re-evaluated doctrine & procedures
With the Marines at Tarawa
Philippines
MacArthur returns to the Philippines
Lesson 31
WW II: The Pacific – Total War
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