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LESSON 2ALESSON 2A
What were What were the the
characteristiccharacteristics of colonial s of colonial
life in life in America?America?
How did geography affect How did geography affect America’s development as a America’s development as a nation?nation?
I.I. THE EFFECT OF THE EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHY ON GEOGRAPHY ON AMERICA AMERICA
A.A. ColoniesColonies1.1. Colony:Colony: A territory or A territory or
possession of another possession of another country that has limited country that has limited self government self government (autonomy)(autonomy)
2.2. Nations claimed colonies Nations claimed colonies to to enhance their power enhance their power and wealthand wealth
3.3. In the process of gaining In the process of gaining colonies colonies native culturesnative cultures were often destroyedwere often destroyed
How did geography affect How did geography affect America’s development as a America’s development as a nation?nation?
B.B. Why thirteen colonies?Why thirteen colonies?1.1. Because colonies were Because colonies were
applied for applied for you had to you had to have a have a "charter""charter" (a (a document of permission) document of permission) from the Kingfrom the King
2.2. Separating them made Separating them made good political sense and good political sense and provided for smaller provided for smaller more manageable more manageable governmentsgovernments
3.3. Geography - the sheer Geography - the sheer size of the territory - size of the territory - made division necessarymade division necessary
How did geography affect How did geography affect America’s development as a America’s development as a nation?nation?
C.C. Who ran the Who ran the colonies?colonies?
1.1. GovernorsGovernors who who were chosen by were chosen by the Kingthe King
2.2. Locally elected Locally elected legislatureslegislatures (EX:(EX: Virginia Virginia House of House of Burgesses)Burgesses)
What motivations existed to entice What motivations existed to entice Europeans to come to the New Europeans to come to the New World?World?II.II. WHY BECOME WHY BECOME
A COLONIST?A COLONIST? Religious Religious
persecutionpersecution Economic Economic
opportunityopportunity
How did America’s makeup How did America’s makeup influence its experiences?influence its experiences?II.II. THE EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHYTHE EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHY
• Became a nation of Became a nation of farmers and farmers and traderstraders
• Made it difficult to govern Made it difficult to govern • King really left the colonies alone King really left the colonies alone this this
policy was called policy was called "Salutary Neglect""Salutary Neglect"• The colonists developed, by necessity, The colonists developed, by necessity,
limited self-governmentlimited self-government• Eventually Eventually saw themselves as saw themselves as
different,different, a breed apart a breed apart• Contributed to the American RevolutionContributed to the American Revolution
Who were the Who were the Pilgrims, and Pilgrims, and why did they why did they come to the come to the New World?New World?
Came to America in search of religious freedom
Considered themselves loyal British subjects
Proved that colonies in the New World could be successful
THE BRITISH CREATE A COLONIAL EMPIRE
Why was the Why was the British British Government Government interested in interested in the New the New World? World?
British interested in pursuing mercantilist policymercantilist policy
MERCANTILISM:MERCANTILISM: When a larger country establishes colonies intended to exist solely for the good of the mother country
• Colonies meant land, power, raw materials
• Colonies served as a market for finished goods
• Colonists could be taxed
If you were a If you were a member of member of Parliament, Parliament, how would how would you you encourageencourage colonization colonization of this new of this new land? land?
• Charter joint stock companies that limited risk among many investors interested in the New World
• HEADRIGHT SYSTEM:HEADRIGHT SYSTEM: Joint stock company policy of freely granting acres of land to settlers and other family members (EX: Virginia)
How did How did people who people who couldn't couldn't afford land afford land and berth and berth come to come to America?America?
• INDENTURED INDENTURED SERVANTS:SERVANTS: Worked for seven years with no pay, then became apprentices
• Often young people
What did the What did the King expect King expect from his from his colonies?colonies?
• Gain raw materials, market for goods goal of mercantilist policy
• The colonies existed for the good of the mother country
Why were the Why were the colonists colonists satisfied with satisfied with colonialism colonialism until the mid-until the mid-1600's?1600's?
• Colonists couldn't produce too many finished goods anyway
• When they did in New England, the British were unable to stop it
NEW ENGLANDMIDDLE
ATLANTICSOUTH
CLIMATE & TOPOGRAPHY
Rugged terrain
Natural harbors
Temperate, cold winters,
Shorter growing season
Flat lands, plains
Natural harbors
Moderate growing season
Flat lands, plains
Less harbors
Long growing season
ECONOMY Industry
Shipping
Trade
Some farming
Industry
Shipping
Trade
farming
Agriculture
AMERICA: DIVIDED AT BIRTH
NORTH SOUTH
CULTU
RE
Northern economy was industrial and faced paced
Workers worked at the docks and in small cottage industries
Deadlines and production schedules needed to be met
Most workers were farmers
Slower lifestyle with greater dependence on Mother Nature
Most large Southern plantations imported slaves
Plantation owner became the "Gentleman Farmer"
Slaves provided overwhelming majority of labor
Clear difference in lifestyle and culture
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH
NORTH SOUTH
ECON
OM
IC NEED
S & STREN
GTH
S
Centered around commerce (trade)
Hurt worse by mercantile policies than the South
Supported protective tariffs intended to help build Northern industry and hurt British imports
Able to sell Britain cotton, rice, tea, tobacco, and indigo
Opposed protective tariffs as it hurt their relationship with Britain
NORTH SOUTH
POPU
LATION
Greater in North and important for support of American Revolution
Became a crucial disadvantage for South leading into the Civil War