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Lesson 1
Why is the endocrine system important during the teen years?
The endocrine system is especially important during the teen years because one of its main functions is to regulate growth
and development.
The Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Identify the glands of the endocrine system and explain the function of each.
Examine the effects of health behaviors on the endocrine system.
Appraise the significance of body changes occurring during adolescence.
In this lesson, you’ll learn to:
Lesson Objectives
Lesson 1
The Endocrine System
The endocrine system consists of a network of endocrine glands located throughout the body.
Hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands and then carried to their destinations in the body by the blood.
Hormones produced during puberty trigger physical changes in the body.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Some Glands of the Endocrine System
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Testes and Ovaries
Thymus Gland
Pancreas
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is known as the master gland. It has three sections, or lobes—anterior, intermediate, and posterior.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Lobes of the Pituitary Gland
Posterior
The anterior, or front, lobe of the pituitary gland produces six hormones.
These hormones include somatotropic, or growth, hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) control the growth, development, and functions of the gonads.
Anterior Intermediate
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla
The adrenal cortex secretes a hormone
that inhibits the amount of sodium excreted in urine and serves to maintain blood volume and pressure.
It also secretes hormones that aid the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
The adrenal glands each have two parts.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Serious Problems
Diabetes Mellitus
Graves’ Disease
Cushing’s Disease
Goiter
Growth Disorders
Problems of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the pancreas produces too little or no insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels.
Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, thirst, and frequent urination.
Problems of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Graves’ Disease
Graves’ disease, also called hyperthyroidism, is a disorder in which an overactive and enlarged thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine.
Symptoms include nervousness, weight loss, increased thirst, rapid heartbeat, and intolerance for heat.
Low thyroxine production, called hypothyroidism, causes fatigue, dry skin, weight gain, constipation, and sensitivity to cold.
Problems of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Cushing’s Disease
Cushing’s disease results from the overproduction of adrenal hormones.
Symptoms include round face, humped upper back, thin and easily bruised skin, and fragile bones.
Problems of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Goiter
Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, is caused mainly by a lack of iodine in the diet.
Since the introduction of iodized salt, goiters have become rare in the United States.
Problems of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Growth Disorders
Growth disorders are caused by abnormal amounts of growth hormone.
With early diagnosis and proper treatment, a child with a growth disorder can reach a normal height.
Problems of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Care of the Endocrine System
Eat nutritious meals, get enough sleep, and avoid stress.
Get medical tests done by health care professionals to determine whether your endocrine function is normal.
Problems of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Q. The ovaries and testes are also
known by the name _________.
1. gonads 2. pituitary gland
3. goiter
4. adrenal cortex
Choose the appropriate option.
Quick Review
Lesson 1
A. The ovaries and testes are also known by the name gonads.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Quick Review - Answer
Lesson 1
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Click Next to view the answer.
Quick Review
Q. What is an endocrine gland?
Lesson 1
A. An endocrine gland is a ductless, or tubeless, organ or
group of cells that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Quick Review - Answer
Lesson 1
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. What are the two parts of the adrenal glands, and what do
they do?
Click Next to view the answer.
Quick Review
Lesson 1
A. The two parts of the adrenal glands are:
Adrenal cortex: It secretes a hormone that inhibits the amount of sodium excreted in urine and serves to maintain blood volume and pressure.
Adrenal medulla: It secretes the hormones epinephrine (also called adrenaline) and norepinephrine.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Quick Review - Answer
Lesson 1
Which endocrine glands become more active during puberty? Name the hormones these glands produce, and appraise the significance of changes occurring during adolescence that they cause.
Analyze the following situation.
Quick Review
Lesson 1
A. Correct! The ovaries and testes are also known by the name gonads.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Quick Review - Answer
Lesson 1
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Quick Review
Lesson 1
The intermediate, or middle, lobe of the pituitary secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which controls the darkening of the skin by stimulating skin pigments.
PosteriorAnterior Intermediate
Lobes of the Pituitary Gland
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
The posterior, or rear, lobe of the pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which regulates the balance of water in the body.
ADH also produces oxytocin, which stimulates uterine contractions during the birth of a baby.
Lobes of the Pituitary Gland
Structure of the Endocrine System
PosteriorAnterior Intermediate
Lesson 1
The anterior, or front, lobe of the pituitary gland produces six hormones.
These hormones include somatotropic, or growth, hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) control the growth, development, and functions of the gonads.
Lobes of the Pituitary Gland
PosteriorAnterior Intermediate
A gonad is another name for the ovary and testes.
A gonad is another name for the ovary and testes.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
The endocrine system consists of a network of endocrine glands located throughout the body.
Hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands and then carried to their destinations in the body by the blood.
Hormones produced during puberty trigger physical changes in the body.
The Endocrine System
An endocrine gland is a ductless, or tubeless, organ or groups of cells that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
An endocrine gland is a ductless, or tubeless, organ or groups of cells that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
The endocrine system consists of a network of endocrine glands located throughout the body.
Hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands and then carried to their destinations in the body by the blood.
Hormones produced during puberty trigger physical changes in the body.
The Endocrine System
A hormone is a chemical substance that is produced in glands and helps regulate many of your body’s functions.
A hormone is a chemical substance that is produced in glands and helps regulate many of your body’s functions.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
The pituitary gland is known as the master gland. It has three sections, or lobes—anterior, intermediate, and posterior.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland regulates and controls the activities of all of the other endocrine glands.
The pituitary gland regulates and controls the activities of all of the other endocrine glands.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
The adrenal cortex secretes a hormone
that inhibits the amount of sodium excreted in urine and serves to maintain blood volume and pressure.
It also secretes hormones that aid the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands each have two parts.
The adrenal gland is a gland that helps the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies.
The adrenal gland is a gland that helps the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
The adrenal medulla is controlled by the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system.
It secretes the hormones epinephrine (also called adrenaline) and norepinephrine.
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands each have two parts.
Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla
Structure of the Endocrine System
The adrenal gland is a gland that helps the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies.
The adrenal gland is a gland that helps the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies.
Lesson 1
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal medulla is controlled by the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system.
It secretes the hormones epinephrine (also called adrenaline) and norepinephrine.
The adrenal glands each have two parts.
Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Some Glands of the Endocrine System
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Testes and Ovaries
Thymus Gland
Pancreas
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth.
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Some Glands of the Endocrine System
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Testes and Ovaries
Thymus Gland
Pancreas
The parathyroid gland produces a hormone that regulates the body’s calcium and phosphorous balance.
The parathyroid gland produces a hormone that regulates the body’s calcium and phosphorous balance.
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lesson 1
Some Glands of the Endocrine System
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Testes and Ovaries
Thymus Gland
Pancreas
The pancreas is a gland that serves both the digestive and the endocrine systems.
The pancreas is a gland that serves both the digestive and the endocrine systems.
Structure of the Endocrine System
