Lesson 1North and South Grow Apart.

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Chapter 1A Divided Nation

Two Regions

• The North and South are very different geographically.

• Southerners lived a mainly rural way of life, living and working on farms and in small towns.

• Northerners lived an urban way of life, living and working in factories and in large towns and cities.

Two Regions

• The goals of factory owners in the North were different from those of plantation owners and farmers in the South.

• These differences led to strong disagreements.

• A Law passed in 1864 lowered tariffs charged for goods imported from other countries. The lower charges on imported goods upset Northern factory owners.

Two Regions

• Tariffs: A taxation imposed on goods and services imported into a country. Also known as a duty tax. Tariffs are similar to tolls, which have the same kind of effect on the transport of people across borders instead of goods.

• Tax: a sum of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or services, levied upon incomes, property, sales, etc.

Two Regions

• The problem. Northern industries were very young and trying to make money by selling produced goods to the Southern market, at a high cost.($) Northern industries had to compete with overseas industries.

• The Southern market wanted to buy items from overseas, because the South was trading Cotton for a break in price from overseas industries. (More for the $)

• All about the $$$$$$$$$$

Two Regions

• Countries can protect their own industries by assigning a Tariff/Tax on goods produced by other industries outside of the country.

• This Tariff/Tax keeps industries at a competitive price level, and hopefully from going out of business.

Two Regions

• Sectionalism: a loyalty to a section or part of the country rather than to the whole country.

• The South wanted lower tariffs/taxes on imported goods.

• The North wanted higher tariffs/taxes on imported goods.

• The way of life of one section of the United States was threatening the way of life in another section of the United States. (Sectionalism!)

Slavery in the South

• One very important difference between the North and the South was Slavery.

• Slavery was allowed in the South, but not in the North.

Slavery in the South

• All farming was done by hand.

• Massive work forces were required to plant, tend and harvest crops.

• Industrial revolution had not occurred yet, so not tractors, tillers, sprayers, ect…….

Slavery in the South

• Slavery was profitable to the economy of the South.

• The goods an enslaved person produced brought in at least twice as much money as the cost of owning the slave.

• In 1850 about 6 out of every ten slaves worked in the Cotton fields.

• By 1860 almost four millions enslaved African Americans were in the United States.

Farming Cotton

Different Views on Slavery

• North did not approve of slavery. (Abolitionists) The North did not need slavery, due to the constant flow of immigrants arriving into ports seeking jobs.

• South did approve of slavery, and needed the workers for agricultural way of life. Farmers could not afford to pay work groups of 30+ people to tend the fields every year.