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8/7/2019 Lesson 1 Geological Setting
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Geologic Origin of
Reservoir Rocks
Courtesy
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Fundamentals of Geology
For those of you who want to enhanceyour geological background, UH hasan excellent Geosciences
Department.In the short term, you might review
the NASA web pagehttp://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect2/Sect2_1a.h(actually the entire site is good)
http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect2/Sect2_1a.htmlhttp://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect2/Sect2_1a.html8/7/2019 Lesson 1 Geological Setting
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Rock Cycle
Courtesy NASA
8/7/2019 Lesson 1 Geological Setting
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Rock Cycle
Courtesy USGS:// . . / / /http earthquake usgs gov learn glossary
rustDestroyed
rustCreated
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Plate tectonics
Courtesy Schlumberger
8/7/2019 Lesson 1 Geological Setting
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Geologic Time Scale
Most reservoirs
Similar to,Tiab Table
. , .2 1 p 35
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Major Rock Classes
Primary
InterestForReservoirs
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Sedimentary Rocks areFormed in Horizontal Layers
which are Later Deformed andFaulted
8/7/2019 Lesson 1 Geological Setting
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Seismic ExamplesSalt Dome
From Oilfield Review, .Jan 1993
8/7/2019 Lesson 1 Geological Setting
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eismic ExamplesFaults
From Oilfield Review, .Jan 1993
8/7/2019 Lesson 1 Geological Setting
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Modern Visualization
/ :123DI Geosigns Courtesy Shell International Exploration andProduction
8/7/2019 Lesson 1 Geological Setting
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Modern Visualization
/ :123DI Geosigns Courtesy Shell International Exploration andProduction
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What makes a goodreservoir rock?
Space to hold hydrocarbons (porosity)that can flow into a well(permeability)
What else is needed for a goodpetroleum reservoir?Commercial quantities of hydrocarbons must
be ( )generated source and move( ) ( )migration into a confined volume trap(where they can be recovered drive
).mechanism
P i S di t R k
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Primary Sedimentary RockTypes in Reservoirs, Source,
and Traps Clastics composed of particles ofother rocks Sandstone reservoir
Shale source, trap, and increasinglyreservoir(!)
Non-clastic physical or chemicalsedimentation but not particles ofother rocks Carbonate reservoir
Evaporites removed from solution
by evaporation
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Approximate Distribution ofPetroleum Reservoirs
~59% Sandstone
~40% carbonates
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Sedimentation
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Sedimentary Rocks are foundin Sedimentary Basins
,Courtesy Jon Burger UH andChevron
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Sandstone Deposition
Rivers
Deltas
Deepwater Beach and Barrier Islands
Dunes
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Sedimentary Deposition ofSandstone by Water
Very complicated rules (
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R iv e r
Which way is downhill? Where are the biggrains?
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,Courtesy Jon Burger UH and
Chevron
Larger grains
Finer grains
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Deltaic
Larger grains Finer grains
Note the grain sizes? Why?,Courtesy Jon Burger UH and
Chevron
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eltaic Test
Plot grain sizes as a functionof depth
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Summary
Geological settings are rich in theirvariety but arise from relativelysimple physical rules, e.g., water
flows downhill Understanding the geological setting
for a reservoir provides valuable
insights about the reservoir, e.g.,permeability distribution