Lesson 02 :

Evolution of the Computer

Types of Computers

Overview of the Computer System

• State the generations of computers together with the respective processors used.

• Explain the generations of computers together with the respective processors used.

• Identify the types of computers:

Supercomputer, Mainframe, Mini Computer,

Micro Computer, Work Station.

• Define different types of computer.

At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

Continue….

• Identify main components in the computer system: Monitor, Keyboard, Speaker, Mouse, System unit, Printer.

• State the functions of the main components in the computer system.

• Explain briefly the data processing cycle of a computer system: Input, Process, Output, Storage.

Evolution Of The Computer

• Years : 1939 to 1954

• Circuitry : Vacuum tubes

• Devices : Calculators

First Generation

Vacuum Tube

• ENIAC processor

First Generation

ENIAC

• EDSAC processor

First Generation

EDSAC

• EDVAC processor

First Generation

EDVAC

• UNIVAC and IBM processors

First Generation

UNIVAC

• Years : 1954 to 1959

• Circuitry : Transistor

Second Generation

Transistor

• Devices : Mainframes

Second Generation

Mainframes

• IBM, System/360 and BUNCH processors

Second Generation

IBM System/360

• Years : 1959 to 1971

• Circuitry : Integrated circuits (IC)

Third Generation

Integrated Circuits (IC)

• Devices : Timesharing, Minicomputer

Third Generation

Timesharing Minicomputer

• PDP and System/32 processor

Third Generation

PDP

• System/36 processors

Third Generation

System/36

• Years : 1971 to 1991

• Circuitry : Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and the Microprocessor

Fourth Generation

Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) Microprocessor

• Devices : Microcomputer, Embedded computer, Personal computer

Fourth Generation

Microcomputer Embedded computer Personal computer

• Processors : VAX, AS/400, Intel. Motorola, MOS, Zilog

Fourth Generation

VAX MOS Zilog

• Processors : WDC, Pentium, ARM architecture, MIPS, SPARC

Fourth Generation

Pentium ARM architecture MIPS

Years : 1991 to present and Beyond

Circuitry :

• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

• Video Electronic Standard Association (VESA),

Fifth Generation

Devices :

• Super Computers

Fifth Generation

• Mainframe Computers

Devices :• Mini Computers

Fifth Generation

• Personal Computers

Devices :• Mobile Computers

Fifth Generation

Devices :• PowerPC

Fifth Generation

• PowerMacs

Devices :

• Playstation

Fifth Generation

Processor :

• Commodore

• UNIX System

• Intel Pentium

• Pentium MMX

• Pentium II

• AMD Athlon

• Pentium III

• Pentium IV

Fifth Generation

Summary :Evolution the Computers

Generation Years Circuitry Devices Processors

First 1939 to 1954

Vacuum

tubes

Calculators ENIAC, EDSAC,

EDVAC,

UNIVAC, IBM

Second 1954 to 1959

Transistor Mainframes IBM,

System/360,

BUNCH

Third 1959 to 1971

Integrated

circuits (IC

Timesharing,

minicomputer

PDP, System/32,

System/36

Fifth 1991 to

present and

Beyond

Small

Computer

System

Interface

(SCSI), Video

Electronic

Standard

Association

(VESA)

Super Computers

Mainframe

Computers

Mini Computers

Personal Computers

Mobile Computers

Personal computer,

PowerPC,

PowerMacs,

PlayStation.

Commodore,

UNIX System,

Intel Pentium,

Pentium MMX,

Pentium II, AMD,

Athlon, Pentium

III, Pentium IV

Fourth 1971 to 1991

Very-

largescale

integration

(VLSI) and the

Microprocessor

Microcomputer

Embedded computer,

Personal computer

VAX, AS/400,Intel.

Motorola, MOS, Zilog,

WDC, Pentium, ARM

architecture, MIPS, SPARC

Types of Computer

• Supercomputer

• Mainframe

• Mini Computer

• Micro Computer

• Work Station

Supercomputer

Supercomputer is a computer that led the world (or was close to doing so) in terms of processing capacity, particularly the speed of calculation, at the time of its introduction.

Mainframes• Handle very high volume input and output (I/O)

and emphasize throughout computing. • Used by large organizations

- for critical applications, typically bulk data processing, industry and consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing.)

Mini Computer

• Minicomputer is a midsized computer. • It is an old term for a class of multi-user

computers, lies between the largest multi-user systems (mainframe computers) and the smallest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers).

Microcomputer

Small desktop or portable computer, typically designed to be used by one person at a time, although individual computers can be linked in a network so that users can share data and programmes.

Workstation

A type of computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software development and other types of applications that require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality

graphics capabilities.

Different Types of Computer

PCThe personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general use by a single person.

Desktop•A PC that is set up in a permanent location(not portable). •Most desktops offer more power, storage and versatility for less cost than their portable brethren.

Laptop•Also called notebook. •Laptops are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package slightly larger than an average hardcover book.

Palmtop•More commonly known as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), palmtops are tightly integrated computers that often use flash memory instead of a hard drive for storage.•These computers usually do not have keyboards but rely on touchscreen technology for user input.

WorkstationA desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development.

Server A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a network. Servers usually have powerful processors, large memory and hard drives.

Minicomputer•Another term rarely used nowadays. Minicomputers fall in between microcomputers (PCs) and mainframes (enterprise servers). •Minicomputers are normally referred to as mid-range servers now.

Mainframe •In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge computers that could fill an entire room or even a whole floor. •The size of computers has diminished while its power has increased, the term mainframe has fallen out of use in favor of enterprise server. •The huge machines processing millions of transactions every day.

Supercomputer•This type of computer usually costs hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. •Although some supercomputers are single computer systems, most are comprised of multiple high performance computers working in parallel as a single system. •The best known supercomputers are built by Cray Supercomputers.

Wearable•The latest trend in computing is wearable computers.•Essentially, common computer applications (e-mail, database, multimedia, calendar/scheduler) are integrated into watches, cell phones, visors and even clothing.

Computer Parts and Components

Definition Of Input Device

Input devices are any electronic devices connected to a computer that product

input signals

Types of Input Devices

Text Graphics

videoAudio

Pointing Device

5 Types

Input Devices for Text

Keyboard - to enter data (text) and commands

Virtual Keyboard (on the screen) - to enter data and commands

Optical Reader & Barcode Reader - to converts characters, marks and codes into digital data

Input Devices for Graphics

Scanner - captures image

Digital Camera - take picture

Input Devices for Audio

Microphone- to enter sound

Midi Keyboard - to enter music

Input Devices for Video

CCTV

Webcam

Digital Video Camera

To capture motion images

Pointing Devices

Mouse Trackball

Graphics Tablet Touch Screen

To input spatial data

Output Devices

Output Devices

An output device is hardware that is capable of delivering or showing information to one or more users. An output device displays, prints and presents the results of a computer’s work.

Types of Output Devices

A display device is an output device that

visually conveys texts, graphics and video

information.

Monitor

A monitor is an example of an output device that can be used to display texts, graphics and videos.

LCD Projector

A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector projects what is displayed on the computer on a wall or projection screen.

Printer

A printer is an output device that prints text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film.

Photo Printer

A photo printer is a colour printer that produces photo quality pictures.

Audio Output Devices

An audio output device produces music, speech, or other sounds.

Examples of output devices are speakers, headphone and woofer.

Speaker Headphone Woofer

Speaker

A pair of speakers is an audio output device that generates sound.

Headphone

The headphone is a pair of small speakers placed over the ears and plugged into a port on the sound card.

Woofer

A woofer or subwoofer is used to boost the low bass sound and is connected to the port on the sound card.

Storage DevicesWhat Is Computer Storage?

Information and computer storage is the document are stored in storing of data in an computer storage so electromagnetic form to that it can retrieved be accessed by a whenever they are computer processor needed later on.

Example of Storage Devices

Types of Computer Storage

1. Primary storage2. Secondary storage

Primary Storage

Primary storage is the main memory in a computer. It store data and programs that can be accessed directly by the processor.

Types of Computer Storage

Types Of Primary Storage

There are two types of primary storage which are RAM and ROM

Secondary Storage

Secondary storage is another alternative storage to save your work and documents. It is very useful to store programs and data for future use. It is non-volatile, which means that it does not need power to maintain the information stored in it. It will store the information until it is erased.

Secondary Storage

Hard disk

Diskette

Removable drive

Compact Disc

• User will input the data to be processed

by the processor.

• The storage holds databases, files and

programs.

• The output devices present the

processed data as useful information

products for the user.

Computer Parts & Components

INPUT

PROCESSOR

STORAGE

Overview of Computer Systems

OUTPUT