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INTRODUCTION Parkinson’s disease Movement disorder
Citation preview
Preactivated thiomer for nasal delivery of apomorphine
synthesis and in vitro evaluation
Kesinee NetsomboonInstitute of Pharmacy,
University of Innsbruck, Austria
Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck
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Parkinson’s disease
Movement disorder
INTRODUCTION
3
Apomorphine
• Dopamine agonist– mimicking the action of dopamine
• Treat “off” episodes• Help to improve symptoms when an “off” episode
has already begun
INTRODUCTION
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Apomorphine (cont.)
• rapidly degraded in the GI tract• high “first-pass” effect• oral bioavailability of 1.7%• high oral dose– gastrointestinal complications– nephrotoxicity
INTRODUCTION
Available only in parenteral forms
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Nasal drug delivery
Advantages• rapid absorption• highly vascularized• avoidance of hepatic
metabolism• offers nasal-to-brain
delivery
Disadvantages• local irriation• mucociliary clearance
CSF
Nasal cavity
Olfactory Region
Brain Tissue
Blood
Tissue/organsEliminationJ.Controlled Release, 2003, (87):187-98
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Thiomers for mucosal drug delivery
INTRODUCTION
Polymer backbone(PAA, chitosan, etc.)
SHSH
SH
Thiolated-
Mucoadhesive property improvement• prolonging drug residence time
J.Controlled Release, 2003, (1):29-38Biomaterials, 2011, 12(11): 4095-103
Disadvantage of thiomers-subject to thiol oxidation at pH above 5
R
SH
SH
R
oxidation
reduction
R
SSH
R
2H+ 2e-
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Preactivated thiomer
INTRODUCTION
SHSH
SH
Polymer backbone(PAA, chitosan, etc.)
Thiolated-
2MNA2MNA
2MNA
Preactivated-
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Purpose of the study
• to investigate an improvement of apomorphine absorption in vitro through nasal mucosa by co-administration with a newly synthesized preactivated thiomer
PURPOSE
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Synthesis of thiomers
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THIOMERS AND PREACTIVATED THIOMERS
PAA250 + H2OpH 4.5
COOHOHO
N C N
N
COOHOHO
+ EDAC
20 min incubation, RT
180 min incubation, RT,
pH 4.5SH
COOH
NH2
+ L-cyteine HCl
COOHNHO
COOH
SH
Dialysis and lyophilize
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Preactivation of thiomers
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THIOMERS AND PREACTIVATED THIOMERS
PAA250-cys + H2O
COOHNHO
COOH
SH
+
N
SS
HOOCN
COOH
2,2‘-dithiodinicotinic acid
High degree: +DMSO
COOHNHO
COOH
SS
NHOOC
PAA250-cys-2MNA
High degree: pH = 6Medium degree: pH = 7-8
Dialysis and lyophilize
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Characterization of thiomers and preactivated thiomers
Polymer Total amount of thiol groups (mol/g of polymer)
Amount of free thiol groups (mol/g of polymer)
% of conjugated 2MNA(%)
PAA250 0.4 0.1 - -
PAA250-cys 2816.7 185.0 2516.2 344.1 -
PAA250-cys-2MNA (M) 1594.0 214.6 521.2 70.2 67.3
PAA250-cys-2MNA (H) 1623.6 100.2 282.5 17.4 82.6
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THIOMERS AND PREACTIVATED THIOMERS
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In vitro model
• Freshly excised porcine nasal mucosa• Apomorphine concentration of 0.5 mg/ml• Ussing chamber– KRB pH 5.5– 30C– 5% CO2 aerated– Sampling time: 0, 60, 120 and 180 min– Determination of apomorphine: HPLC-UV (274 nm)
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF NASAL DELIVERY
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Permeation of apomorphine across porcine nasal mucosa
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF NASAL DELIVERY
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Conclusion
• High degree preactivated thiolated PAA250 could be considered as promising excipient for nasal apomorphine delivery
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Acknowledgement
• Technology Grants Asia financed by Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research