36

[l)eight of the Roman Empire

After the change from republic to empire, Roman territory continued to expand. At its height, the Roman Empire ruled the entire Mediterranean region.

!!!! Strong Roman rulers brought peace and wealth to the region during a period called "Pax Romana. M

!!!! Roman roads and sea routes connected the Empire. Long­distance trade thrived.

!!!! The Roman Empire included many different cultures. Trade and a common language helped unite the Empire.

~ The Roman Empire was rich with ~ important resources, such as grain and

metal. As the Empire-grew, the variety of trade goods increased.

2o·w

l":\i, Roman coins were used ~ throughout the Empire,

making trade easier. Coins also announced an emperor's achievements, similar to newspaper headlines.

Expansion and Trade in the Roman Empire

44 e.c.-180 A .D.

Roman Republic in 44 B.C.

D Imperial gains by 107 AD.

D Imperial ga ins by 180 A r.1

GAUL Culture region

@ Capital

- Roman road 2oda, , Sea route in days

0 2 50 500 ~,:ometors

Trade Goods

'I Grain

c1' Metals

(Jl Marble

I:> W ine £;/y cloth

\ L,.===-=""E"'""""""""""""'"°'l..,,...._,'"'"' .. ,.., • ....,=.,,.,.,,.,... __ _.,,t

s

Ii

180 A.D. Pax Romana ends as /? invaders threaten the Empire. A

To Romans, "Africa " and •Arabia• are provinces, not a continent and a peninsula.

I

Trade increases as growing cities demand more goods.

Ancient Greece and Rome f UNIT 3

Co~pare th is map with map B on page 32. Which regions ruled by the Romans had

ROPE been ruled by Alexander the Great?

v;r AFRICA ~

~-f How Big Was the Roman l:tnpire?

"­□ Roman Empire

l~

Latin replaces other languages in the western part of the Roman Empire.

LATIN

tres

Portuguese

tres

Languages of the Roman Empire

Roman Empire, 120 A.O.

D Mainly Latin-speaking

D Mainly Greek-speaking GAUL Culture region

Languages Used Today FRENCH Romance language (from Latin) CREEK Greek language

GERMAN Other language

d ~

I

k remains t he main age in the eastern

the Roman Empire.

Latin Origins of Modern Languages

MODERN ROMANCE LANGUAGES Spanish French Italian

tres trois tre nota nota nota note notazione

ferrum ferro hierro fer ferro

A Latin is no longer spoken, but modern Romance lang~ages are based on Latin. English is 'II not a Romance language. Many of its words have Latin roots, but many others do not.

I:\ In 27 s.c. Augustus \:I became emperor. His

reign brought peace to the Empire after years of civil war.

Latin was the official language of the Roman Empire. Languages that developed from Latin are known as Romance languages. What other language was widely spoken in the Roman Empire?

Romanian

trei nota fier

MODERN ENGLISH

three note iron

37

Oudaism and Christianity in the Roman bm p re

38

Followers of Judaism and Christianity settled in many regions of the Roman Empire. Both religions spread far beyond where they first developed.

!! Both Judaism and Christianity began in the Middle East.

!! Jews migrated from their homeland to settle in other parts of the Roman Empire.

!! Christianity. a new religion, began to spread throughout the Empire. It attracted many followers , called Christians.

Jews and Christians Under Roman

63 a.c. Rome conquers Jewish kingdom of Judea.

135 After revolts, Jews forbidden to live in Jerusalem.

le . 392

Christianity becomes the

off1r1al religion of Rome

100 B.C . ..C: l►A.D. 100 200 3~

About 4 e.c. Jesus, the

central figure of Christianity,

is born.

45- 62 Paul spreads Christianity among non-Jews.

103-312 Persecution of Christians intensifies.

I":\ Roman leaders persecuted both Jews and Christians, but Jewish and f.,j,1 Christian communities continued to spread. Eventually Christ ianity

became the main religion in the Roman Empire.

@ Ma? !ews fled th~ harsh Roman rule of their homeland, Judea to ~ettk e in other reg1o~s. T~e movement of Jews from their homeiand is nown as the Jewish Diaspora.

Jewish Migration During the Roman Empire

63 a.c.- 300 A.D.

~ Jewish revolt during 66-135 A.O.

~ Jewish migration route '/-* City with Jewish community by 300 A.O.

~ Area where Jews lived by 300 A.O.

D Roman Empire in 180 A.O.

GAUL Culture region

0~;;;;~ 250~=:!5500 m,les

0 250 500 k,lome1ers

s A H A

Blac

Byzan · ~

~ rf ~ 10_

R A

ny Jews flee harsh · man rule.

• Judea becomes part e Roman Empire.

Ancient Greece and Rome I UNIT 3

E~rly ChristianitX is .

Spread of Christianity During the Roman Empire

45-300A.D. s A H A R A

. . ~'€-~<:,\

~ · h \los /, ·t

alfl\ po_

19 '- ¢

---- \ ' ) . ,.} ~ Paul's missionary journeys

- - Trade route

+ City with Christian community by 100 A.D.

+ City with Christian community by 300 A.D.

~ Area where Christians lived by 300 A.O.

D Roman Empire in 180 A.O.

~ Christianity first spread in the eastern Mediterranean reg ion, \:, helped by the travels of the early Christian leader Paul. Later

Christian communities were established along important trade routes in other parts of the Roman Empire.

GAUL Culture region

0 250 500 miles

0 250 500 kilomete"

at Is Christianity? Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus whom Christians believe is the son

1

of God. Today Christianity, which began as a branch of Judaism, has more followers than any other relig ion in the world.

t:\ Paul was a Jew who \:I converted to Christianity. He

traveled from city to city preaching Christian ideas and helped establish n:a_ny early Christian communities.

39