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HISTORY

Leh (Ladakh) was known in the past by different names. It wascalled Maryul or low land by some Kha- chumpa by others. Fa-

Hein referred to it as Kia-hha and Hiuen !san" as Ma-Lo-#ho.It is said that the first Immi"rants to this land appears to ha$ebeen the %rokpas from &adarstan who inhabited the lowerreaches of the Indus 'alley popularly known as ham. notherwa$e of Immi"rants who came from kar*a (Kulu) were the Monsan ryan type who first settled in +ya and spread to ,on"hayok akti !an"tse and &urbuk the area etendin" fromMartselan" to Khaltsi. +ia was the seat of "o$ernment of the firstMon ruler ha$in" been elected by the whole tribe. His kin"domincluded the $illa"es mentioned abo$e all of which wasinhabited by the Mons people He was known by the title

+yapacho deri$ed from his bein" the master of +ia.!he ancient inhabitants of Ladakh were &ards an Indo- ryanrace. Immi"rants of !ibet kardo and nearby parts like #uran"+u"e settled in Ladakh whose racial characters and cultureswere in consonance with early settlers. %uddhism tra$eled fromcentral India to !ibet $ia Ladakh lea$in" its imprint in Ladakh.Islamic missionaries also made a peaceful penetration of Islam inthe early /0th century. +erman Mora$ian Missionaries ha$in"co"ni1ance of 2ast India ompany also made inroads towardscon$ersion but with little success.In the /3thcentury & kit Lde 4ema"on the ruler of !ibet

in$aded Ladakh where there was no central authority. !he landsdi$ided in small principalities were at war with each other.4ema"on defeated them one by one and established a stron"kin"dom at hey /5 kms from Leh as its capital. Ladakh was anindependent country since the middle of the /3 thcentury.

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Kin" in""e 4am"yal had consolidated the Ladakhi 2mpire intoa stron" kin"dom. He was not only a stron" monarch but astatesman a diplomat and a builder. He built the historic

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7- storeyed Leh palace and made the other nei"hborin"countries en$y of such an ele"ant palace. He also promotedhorse polo in Ladakh.

In the ancient times the present Leh district was a part of +reaterLadakh spread o$er from Kailash Mansaro$er to waat(&ardistan). !he +reater ladakh was neither under the &omain

of !ibet or its influence. 4ot much information is a$ailableabout the ancient History of Ladakh. Howe$er reference aboutthe place and its nei"hbourhood in rab hinese andMon"olian histories "i$es an idea that in the 8th entury .&fierce wars were fou"ht by !ibet and hina in %altistan area ofthe +reater Ladakh in which deserts and barren mountains ofLadakh was turned into battle fields for the warrin" armies.

In the 9th century .& rabs also *umped into these wars andchan"ed their sides between hina and !ibet. round thisperiod the ruler of Kashmir Laltadita con:uered Ladakh. In the

9th entury .& itself !he rabs con:uered Kash"har andestablished their control o$er entral asia which embraced Islamin the 7th century .& and thus a buffer state came into bein"between !ibet and hina terminatin" the hostilities between thetwo warrin" countries. !he "reater Ladakh also fell into peices.

thousand years a"o before the contol of !ibets rule kin"kitde 4ema"on ruled o$er Ladakh which was known asMuryul (,ed ountry) as most of the mountains and the soil inLadakh wears a red tin"e. In the /3th entury .& kitday4ema"on alon" with a couple of hundred men in$aded Ladakh

where there was no central authority. !he Land was di$ided insmall principalities which were at war with each other.4ema"on defeated all of them and established a stron" centralauthority. !hose days hey was the capital of Ladakh became tobe known as 4ariskorsoom a country of three pro$inces. !hepresent Ladakh was di$ided into two pro$inces while the thirdcomprised western !ibet. !he area of western !ibet slippedaway from the kin"dom but was reunited in /0th entury .&.by the famous Ladakhi ruler en""e 4am"yal. Ladakh was anindependent country since the middle of /3th century.

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In the post-partition scenario #akistan and hina ille"allyoccupied 89//< s:. km and ;8555 s:.km of the staterespecti$ely while the remainin" part of the state acceded toIndia. #akistan also ille"ally "ifted 5/93 s:.kms of this area tohina. Ladakh comprisin" the areas of present Leh and Kar"ildistricts became one of the se$en districts of the tate. In /787when the reor"ani1ation of the districts was carried out the

Ladakh district was di$ided into two full fled"ed district of Lehand Kar"il

GEOGRAPHICAL :-

&istrict Leh is situated rou"hly between ;6 to ;0 de"ree northlatitude and 85 to 93 de"ree 2ast lon"itude and altitude ran"in"from 6;33 mtrs to 5333 mtrs abo$e sea le$el. &istrict Leh withan area of

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been declared as a tribal district. !he district administration isheaded by &eputy ommissioner. ?ho is assisted by three &M of 4ubra Khaltsi and 4yoma.

POLITICAL SET-UP;-

#olitically the district is "o$erned by the Ladakh utonomousHill &e$elopment ouncil Leh ha$in" a stren"th of ;3

councillors ( 60 elected and 3< nominated) which is bein"headed by the chairman@hief 2ecuti$e councillor (rank oftate abinet Minister) who is assisted by four 2ecuti$ecouncillors since /775 workin" within the frame work of theconstitution of India@Aammu and Kashmir. &istrict has two seats(Leh and 4ubra) in ABK assembly and one Member of#arliament who is also the representati$e of Kar"il district.

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CULTURE:-

!he &istrict is famous for its rich cultural herita"e and Honesty.It is popularly known as land of monks and monasteries. #eopleof all the communities li$e here with complete harmony free

from any pre*udice. %uddhist is the dominant reli"ion in thedistrict followed by Muslim. &istrict has also thin population ofhristian and Hindus.Ladakhi lan"ua"e is spoken by the ma*ority of the inhabitantsof the district ecept the minor tribal community of ryan raceli$in" in the $alley of &ha- Hanu.Aabro hondol Marria"e &ance and Kampa umsak are someof the well known traditional dance and =un"lu !allu Marria"eson"s and lley Cato are well known folk son"s of Ladakh.

DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURESD-

Lehwith an area of

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Total population of th !i"t#i$t

G#o%th of Population&

Cn"u" 'a# Ru#al(u#)an Total population

P#"on" Mal f*al"

/70/ !otal

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#opulation by %locks

%lock ,ural@

Grban 4umber 2numerated

633/ ensus 63/3 (#ro*ected)#erson Male Female #erson Male Female

Leh (i ,ural@urban

/9/3/690;7

78;8/8886

9;0wnin" or tradin" in shahtooshis now ille"al in most countries.

!he !ibetan ?ild ss (LadakhiD kyang) is one animal that$isitors can epect to see from the comfort of a $ehicle if theytake a *eep tour on the han"than". Fa$ourin" the rollin""rasslands of this area their natural curiosity makes them fairlyeasy to spot despite the relati$ely low numbers about /533indi$iduals.

bout 633 now leopards an endan"ered speciesare belie$edto li$e in Ladakh

!he now Leopard(LadakhiD shan) once ran"ed throu"hout theHimalaya !ibet and as far as the ayan mountains on theMon"olian-,ussian borderE and in ele$ation from /933 m to5

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(shangku) is the "reatest threat to the li$estock of the Ladakhisand as such is the most persecuted. !here are only about ;33wol$es left in Ladakh. !here are also a $ery few brown bears(drenmo / tret) in the uru $alley and the area around &ras. !hered fo is common and !ibetan and Fohas recently beendisco$ered in this re"ion (bothD watse).

mon" smaller animals marmots (LadakhiD pheya) arecommonE you can e$en sometimes see them from the roadalthou"h they do not look $ery different from the marmotscommon to other mountainous areas of the world. !here are alsoplenty of hares (ribong) and se$eral types of $oles and pika(bothD rdzabra / zabra).

APPROACH ROADS

Ladakh is called the Hermit Kin"dom due to its remoteness and

in accessibility. Ladakh is connected to the main land throu"htwo roads namely Leh-rina"ar national hi"hway and Leh-Manali road. !hese two roads remains open only durin" summermonths and durin" the winter it remains closed for more than 8months due to closure of the passes (=o*ila ,otan" #ass%aralacha han"la) . Leh &istrict is connected to the %lockHead:uarter by roads throu"h a network of roads. !he a$era"edistance of the block head:uarter from Leh is /93 Kms. %usser$ices and other means of communication is $ery poor.%order roads or"ani1ation maintains most of the hi"hwayconnectin" the block head :uarter and #?& maintains a road

len"th of /303 Kms. s some of the roads to the block head:uarter passes throu"h the world hi"hest motorable roads it isfre:uently closed due to the a$alanches and snowfall in thepasses. &urbuk block and 4ubra %lock remains closed in wintermonths due to closure of Khardon"la and the han"la #ass.

!he transport ser$ice comprises of roads motor $ehicles ci$ila$iation railways and water transport. . ll this constituentsform the base of economic infrastructure. !he ade:uatea$ailability of this infrastructure leads to rapid economic

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulpes_ferrilatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulpes_ferrilatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi

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de$elopment thou"h the railways and water transport does noteist in the district.!he road transport is the ma*or and principle mode of mobilityof men and material in the district. ,oads are thus considered asarteries of our economy which plays crucial role in sustainin"economic "rowth and is $ital for the de$elopment of allse"ments of the society. &ue to difficult terrain of the district it

is $ery difficult to pro$ide road facilities howe$er #ublic ?orks&epartment has constructed and maintained substantial roadnetwork in the district. >ut of //; $illa"es of the district 78stands connected with the motorable road by endin" March6337.!he %order ,oad >r"ani1ation (#ro*ect Himank) is alsocontributin" a lot in the economic de$elopment of the district byconstructin" @maintainin" a hu"e chunk of road networkconnectin" the border areas.

AK,! pro$ides ser$ices from rina"ar to Leh (

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TOURISM:-

!ourism has won a wide reco"nition as an important industry inthe district in $iew of its potential for creation of employmentopportunities and "eneration of income on a lar"e scale. !hisindustry has a direct bearin" on the socio-economic scene of thedistrict. !ourism industry pro$ides employment to a lar"enumber of people en"a"ed in the related sectors like transportHotels and caterin" ser$ice cotta"e industry etc. !ourismpromotes economic acti$ities in the remote areas.ince its openin" for the tourist (/78

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4ationality-wise !ourist rri$al

.

4o

4ationality 6330 6338 6339 6337 63/3

(/) (6) (;) (

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>ut of total "eo"raphical area of

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EDUCATIO6 A6D LITERACY:-

It is uni$ersally accepted that the education is the importantinput which contributes to the national and indi$idualde$elopment. 2ducation has a multiplier effect on other ocialsectors like Health 2mployment Labour force etc. It impro$esthe :uality life of the people and pro$ides opportunities for

pro"ress. Keepin" in $iew the enormous $alues of education theaccess to education is a human ri"ht in the contet of presentsocial and cultural en$ironment. !herefore the human resourcesde$elopment needs sufficient in$estment in education as it isthe education that enhances the knowled"e skills of the peopleand enables them to participate fully in the de$elopment process.In this way education can ha$e a "ood amount of help in thepo$erty alle$iation and society as well.imin" at to impart education to all the school "oin" a"echildren of the district with teachin" learnin" facilities the2ducation &epartment has created infrastructure of schools in

e$ery corner so that no one be left without the basic need of theera and at the behest of the Ladakh utonomous Hillde$elopment ouncil the 2ducation has accorded the prioritysector of the de$elopment. !he literacy rate of the districtrecords as 05.;3 as per 633/ census.%y the end of 6337-/3 a network of ;5/ institutions of $ariouscate"ories are functionin" which has an enrolment of /3367students as per followin" detailsD -

.

4o

T'p of Go7t& In"titution 4o. ofinstitution

2nrolment

!otal Female

/ &e"ree colle"e Leh 3/ ;67 60;6 Hi"h@Hi"her secondary ;9 ;09< 6359

; Middle chools /67

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!o attract the children of under pri$ile"ed and weaker sectionsof the society towards education free schoolin" facilityscholarships free uniform and other incenti$es ha$e beenpro$ided spendin" a handsome amount.ince for the last si years at the behest of the Ladakhutonomous Hill &e$elopment ouncil Leh schools of the

remotest and educationally backward areas like &urbukLin"shet 4yoma and Kor1ok etc. has been centrali1ed with freeboardin" lod"in" and teachin" learnin" facilities which really isan honest and dedicated step towards education and will pro$eto produce educated youths from the remotest corners of thedistrict.

HEALTH:-

ince /7

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the 4ational le$el for the sincere @ dedicated team of specialists@doctors nursin" and other #ara medical staff. !he hospital islinked with the IIM and other reputed health institutions ofthe country throu"h the !ele- medicine system which enablesthe doctors to consult the super specialists for treatment ofpatients.?ith the commissionin" of the ub- &istrict Hospital buildin" at

&iskit (4ubra) durin" 6336-3; which is centrally heatedconstructed at a cost of ,s./6.85 corers has bed stren"th of 53with Q-ray Gltra sound &ental unit and Laboratory facilitiesa$ailable.>ther acti$ities carried out by the health department durin"6337-/3 are tabulated belowDS.No Activities Magnitude (In Nos.)

1. Indoor Patient Treated 7987

2. Outdoor Patient Treated 31229

3. Ma!or O"eration Per#or$ed 97%

&. Minor O"eration Per#or$ed 372%

. Steri'iation 17

Further to llopathic system of treatment@ medicine thedepartment pro$ides traditional mchi system of medicine forwhich nly ;8.76 of theworkin" force constitutes ulti$ator whereas

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FI6A6CIAL I6STITUTIO6S =4A6.I6G>

%ankin" system is of strate"ic importance for the economicde$elopment @de$elopin" economy. !he ,%I has introduced the

concept of ser$ice area approach in consultation with otherfinancial institution w.e.f. pril /797. !he necessity of adoptin"this approach was felt for the dispensation of rural credit in therural areas with a $iew to for"oin" an impro$ed link between%ank credit in the rural sector and keepin" in $iew increase inproduction producti$ity and income le$el of rural people.. !hemain feature of this approach is the emphasis placed on creditplannin" by the bank branches at "rass root le$el./7 branches comprisin" the < branches of tate %ank of India/6 branches of ABK bank 36 state ooperati$e %ank and 3/branch of #un*ab 4ational %ank has been established in the

district by the year 6337-/3 he district has been di$ided into /;ser$ice areas.&urin"6337-/3 the banks ha$e a deposit of ,s. 96953 lacs andad$ances of ,s./;

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I6FORMATIO6 TECH6OLOGY

6ational Info#*ati$" Cnt# =6IC> of I! Ministry setup itsdistrict center in Leh in /773 to promote I! in the district. incethen 4I has pro$ided hardware infrastructure to the district

administration and rendered ser$ices in I! tools. 2mail andInternet facilities was first introduce in this remote district byinstallin" 'satTs of different series since /773. Local rea4etwork and dialup connecti$ity was established by 4I in &>ffice and Hill ouncil ecretariat.ince the inception of Ladakh utonomous Hill &e$elopmentouncil (LH&) many steps had been taken in promotin" I!culture in Leh district to o$ercome the poor communicationfacilities and inaccessibility. ?ide rea network throu"h&M based 'sat with hi"h-speed data 'ideo onferencin"and 'oice was installed at Hill ouncil secretariat & >ffice

and &M >ffice 4yoma (%lock). Local rea network at &c>ffice and Hill ouncil secretariat is connected to this hi"h-speed bandwidth connecti$ity 'satTs.4I is helpin" in procurin" and maintainin" the I! hardwareTsfor 4I &istrict dministration and Ladakh Hill &e$elopmentcouncil. !he software applicants de$eloped by 4I ABK tate isbein" implemented in the district. &urin" the year main andimportant computeri1ation task taken by the 4I for LH&TsareD 2lectoral ,oll omputeri1ation !ransport computeri1ation(License and ,e"istration) +#F omputeri1ation besides smallpplications) is also bein" implemented for #olice department

in the district.4I has established si ommunity Information center (I) inall the %lock H:s $i1 Lh?.ha#u ? 6u)#a? 6'o*a? Du#)u3an! 3halt"i as a means to use the benefits of Informationtechnolo"y (I!) to raise the socio-economic conditions of thepeople of Leh district . !hese Is will help the re"ion a$ail thebenefits of "lobal connecti$ity throu"h Internet and will alsohelp the concerned state "o$ernment to plan for I! based citi1encentric applications makin" "o$t. ser$ices a$ailable throu"hIs. Gnder this pro*ect computers peripherals alon" with'!s for satellite communications are placed at desi"nated

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locations in each block. nd recently Ministry for new andrenewable ener"y +>I has sanctioned 0 solar power plant of /3Kwp each.htto:(((lh&ni$&in& is the official website of the Ladakhutonomous hill de$elopment council and is bein" maintain bythe 4I district centre. Keepin" in $iew of the popular of thissite complete facelift is bein" undertaken and informationTs are

bein" collected from different departments these days. eparatelink created for festi$als !enders 2lections B ,ecruitments for"eneral #ublic.

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