Legumes harvested for dry seed. Warm season legumes. Cool ... · Kidney beans have been domesticated in those regions for over 7,000 years. Tepary beans (P. acutifolius) were grown

Legumes harvested for dry seed.

FAO* recognized eleven crops as pulses.

Warm season legumes.

Dry Beans.

Cowpea (Black eyed peas).

Cool season legumes.

Peas.

Lentils.

Chickpeas/Garbanzo Beans.

*Food and Agricultural Organization of the U.N.

Nutritional Value of Pulses

Low in

methione

Dry Beans

Dry Beans ------- White bean

Phaseolus vulgaris ------- Pinto bean

------- Navy bean

Phaseolus lunatus ------- Lima bean

Phaseolus acutifolius ------- Tepary bean

Phaseolus coccineus ------- Scarlet runner bean

Vigna angularis ------- Azuki bean

Vigna radiata ------- Mung bean

Vigna mungo ------- Black gram

Vigna umbellata ------- Ricebean

Vigna acontifolia ------- Moth bean

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were

probably domesticated from a wild form found in

Mexico and central America.

Kidney beans have been domesticated in those

regions for over 7,000 years.

Tepary beans (P. acutifolius) were grown in the SW

US and Mexico over 5,000 years ago.

Lima beans (P. linatus) were first domesticated in

Peru.

Brought to Europe in the 1550’s and to the USA in

1854.

Dry Beans

Dry Bean Production

Navy

Black Turtle

U.S. Production By Market Class

http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/rowcrops/a1133-1.htm#Index

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*

*

*

Bean Production by State

*

Dry Bean Agronomics

Warm season, annual crops.

Optimum growing temperates:

•65o – 75o F;

•High temps interfere with flowering

and pod fill.

Sensitive to frost

Best on sandy loam soils:

• sensitive to water logging.

• sensitive to salinity.

• senstivie to high pH.

Best with low humidity/dry summers:

• reduces foliar diseases.

Dry Bean Agronomics

Dry Bean Agronomics

Dry Bean Agronomics

Dry Bean Agronomics

Nitrogen Fertility

As legumes, beans with fix atmospheric

nitrogen.

Some benefit can be seen from Rhizobium

inoculation.

However, bean crops often benefit from

nitrogen application of 40 – 50 lbs of N per

acre.

Rhizobia Species Cross Inoculation

Group

Rhizobium meliloti Alfalfa

Bradyrhizobium japonicum Soybean

Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae

Pea and Lentil

Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli

Bean

Rhizobium loti Lupine and Chickpea

Inoculation Groups

Bacterial Blights

White Mold

Bean Rust

Field Beans Diseases

Fusarium Root Rot:

Wide spread and potentially

Destructive.

Crop rotation is important.

NDSU Field Crops Manual: Fieldbean-

http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/rowcrops/

a1133-1.htm#Index

Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Dry Bean Guide-

http://www.saskpulse.com/media/pdfs/ppm-dry-bean.pdf

UI Integrated Weed Mgmt in Dry Beans-

http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edComm/pdf/PNW/PNW0545.pdf

UI Crop Profile: Dry Beans-

http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edComm/pdf/CIS/CIS1092.pdf

ADM Edible Bean Production Handbook-

http://www.adm.com/en-US/products/Seedwest/Documents/

ADM%20Edible%20Bean%20Production.pdf

Online Agronomic Information

CSU VegNet

http://www.colostate.edu/Orgs/Vegnet/vegnet/beans.html

“All we are saying, is give

peas a chance”

Peas and Lentils

Yellow Pea Green Pea

Austrian Winter Peas

Pigmented seed coats.

Typically grown for feed:

•Livestock;

•Pigeons.

Exported to Far East:

•substitute for azuki beans.

•“An paste”.

Often used for green manure.

Lentils

Eston (small green).

Laird (large green).

Brown/Spanish Pardina.

French Green/Puy lentils (dark speckled blue-green).

Black/Beluga.

Yellow/Tan Lentils (red inside)

- Red Chief (decorticated yellow lentils).

Richlea (medium green).

Petite Golden (decorticated lentils).

Masoor (brown-skinned lentils, red inside)

- Petite Crimson/Red (decorticated Masoor lentils).

Macachiados (big Mexican yellow lentils).

http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/pulse-info/seedtypes.html#lentil

Lentils

Leafless, Semi-Dwarf Peas

Leaflets replaced

by tendrils.

Stipules retained.

More upright stature

•Reduces foliar

diseases;

•Good in no-till

systems.




Pea and Lentil Fertility

Pea and Lentil Fertility

http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/pulse-info/commondisease.html

Kabuli Desi

http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edComm/catalog.asp?

category1=Crops&category2=Beans,%20Peas,%20and%20Lentils

Sugar beet

(Beta vulgaris)