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7/30/2019 Legibility in Typography
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Legibility is based on the ease with whichone letter can be told from the other.
Readability is the ease with which the eyecan absorb the message and move along theline.J. Ben Lieberman Types of Typefaces
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a measure of how easy it is to distinguish
one letter from another in a given typeface.
Legibility describes the design of a typeface.
How legible a typeface is designed to bedepends on its purpose.
Legible typefaces usually have larger closedor open inner spaces (counters).
They generally have a larger x-height,though not too large.
http://www.fonts.com/AboutFonts/Articles/Typography/Legibility.htmhttp://www.fonts.com/AboutFonts/Articles/Typography/Legibility.htmhttp://www.fonts.com/AboutFonts/Articles/Typography/Legibility.htmhttp://www.fonts.com/AboutFonts/Articles/Typography/Legibility.htm7/30/2019 Legibility in Typography
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how easy words, phrases, and blocks of text
can be read.
Readability describes how a typeface is usedon the page.
Good typography (more readable)encourages a desire to read the copy andreduces the effort required to read and
comprehend the type.The reader shouldnt even notice the type.
She should simply understand the words.
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Individual shapes of letterforms havedeveloped to improve communicationprocess
Yet, the basic structure of each letterformmust remain the same
A
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Letters can be clustered into four groups Letterforms with strokes that are vertical,
il Letterforms with strokes that are curved,
acegos Letterforms with strokes that are a combination ofvertical and curved,
bdfhjmnpqrtu Letterforms with strokes that are oblique
kvwxyz
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The upper halves ofletters provide morevisual cues for letterrecognition than the
lower halves
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KOMUNIKASI
PUBLISHING
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KOMUNIKASI
PUBLISHING
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Right halves ofletters are more
recognizable thanthe left halves
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birth
clever
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birth
clever
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(letter) has no particular significanceuntil it is employed to form part of a
word.
Two important factors in reading process:
1. word shape
2. internal pattern
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TEXT SET IN CAPITALLETTERS SUFFERS ALOSS OF LEGIBILITY,SEVERELY RETARD
READING AND USES ASIGNIFICANTLYGREATER AMOUNT OFSPACE. AS MUCH 35PERCENT MORE SPACE
CAN BE CONSUMEDWHEN USING ALLCAPITAL LETTERS.
Text set in capitalletters suffers a loss oflegibility, severelyretard reading and
uses a significantlygreater amount ofspace. As much 35percent more spacecan be consumed when
using all capital letters.
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Letterform spacing has a significant impacton legibility
Needs proper spatial relationships fromletters into words, words into lines
The spacing of letters, words and linescontribute to typographic texture
When texture and spatial relationships
between typographic elements are consistent,it create an easily readable text.
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Too much or too little space between letters
and words destroys the normal textureintended by the typeface designer.
As you read this sentence, notice that thenarrow letter and wordspacing causeswords to merge together visually.
Likewise, the extremely
wide letterspacing of thissentence is also disruptivefor the reader.
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The combination of these three variables iscrucial to spatial harmony and legibility
No generalization for which sizes of type
should be used, how long lines should be orhow much space should be inserted betweenlines decision based on comparative
judgments.
Type size: too small or too large reduceslegibility. Most legible (normal readingdistance: ).
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Line length: an appropriate one must be able
to achieve a pleasant reading rhythm, allowreader to relax and concentrate on thecontent of the words.
Interline spacing (leading): proper one will
carry the eye naturally from one line to thenext; one to four points can be effectivelyadded between lines to increase legibility 9/10, 10/12, 11/14, and 12/16.
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Thickness of the strokes of typefaces Too light or too heavy strokes can diminish
legibility too light typeface cannot be easilydistinguished from background while tooheavy has a tendency to lose its internalpattern of counterforms.
.
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Extreme thick and thin strokes
within letters of a particulartypeface make reading more
difficult, preventing smooth
transitions from one word orgroup of words to the next. Thin
strokes are less visible, creating
confusion with letters of similarshapes. Legibility than decreases
significantly.
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The width of letters is alsoan important legibility
factor
Condensed typeface might beselected for a narrow page or
column.
It is, however, more difficult to readusing condensed typeface. A
narrower letter changes the
form/counterform causing letters to
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An extreme italic slant can slow the
reading process and is disliked by
many readers. Italics can impedereading. However, italic type can be
very effective when used as a means
of providing emphasis.
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Incorporating colour into type cansignificantly affect legibility
Achieve appropriate contrast between typeand its background
Consider 3 basic colour properties:1. Hue colour tone
2. Value the lightness or darkness of a colour
3. Saturation relative brightness of a colour.
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Poor combinations
that can produce minimalvisibility and legibility
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Justified typography more family andconsidered to be more refined
Unjustified typography (flush left andragged right) promotes greater
legibility where it guides the eyesmoothly down the page from line toline.
Whereas in justified,
all lines are of equallength. Lacking arevisual cues thatpromote easy reading.
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Common practice in book, magazine andnewspaper designs: to indent each paragraph clear separation of paragraphs in a body oftext to clarify content and increase reader
comprehension. Typographic practice: not to indent the first
paragraph in an article, chapter.
Moderate indention: one to three ems.
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Serif
VS
Sans Serif
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Serifs are used to increase spacing
between letters
Spacing is even easier to manipulate with
modern computerised typesetting
equipment (Sassoon, 1993; Rubinstein,
1988 ).
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Serifs are used to increase contrast
between different letters to improveidentification
Well established research has shown that
whole words can be recognised just as
quickly as letters during an eye fixation
and that single letters can be identified
quicker when embedded in a word
(Reynolds, 1979).
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Serifs are used to bind characters into
cohesive 'word wholes' The simple Gestalt created by spaces
between words would be enough to bind
letters into 'wholes'. Furthermore, other features such as
character ascenders and descenders should
have a much greater effect on wordrecognition than serifs ( Poulton, 1965 ).
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Readers prefer body text set in
serif typefaces, so they must bemore legible
Many studies conducted in the past
did indeed find a preference for
serif typefaces ( Tinker, 1963 ;
Zachrisson, 1965 ).
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Serifs are used for body text
because sans serif causes fatigueIt is often claimed that reading
large amounts of body text set in
sans serif causes fatigue (Reynolds
1979).
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Serifs are just an historicalartifact
Serifs have been around for so longthat perceived legibility is verylikely to have been affected by
familiarity - readers tend to rate asmore legible the typefaces they aremost used to (Tinker, 1963 ;
Zachrisson, 1965 ).
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Sans serif is better at small sizes. Sans
serif fonts survive reproduction andsmearing because of their simple
forms.
Other factors such as stroke thickness,counter size and x-height are likely to
have a far greater effect in preserving
the overall identity of a letter formwhether it be through smearing or size
reduction (Poulton, 1972 ; Reynolds,
1979).
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Sans serif is better for children
learning to readBooks produced for children are
often printed with sans serif text as
teachers claim that the simplicity of
the letter shapes makes them more
recognisable (Coghill, 1980) ,Walker, 2001).
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