..

. - BAR REVIEWERIN. .

LEGAL AND JUDICIALETHICS

ERNANI CRUZ PANORrtired Court Admini,trotor; Supreme Court:

Law Profe'lOr;Forme,.ly Judge. Regional 71-iolCourt,

Pos;g. Bn 88. Quezon City;Mrmb.r, Supreme Court Rules of Coun RelJiaion CommittH;

CommittH Continuou. Trial. 'IHa1Committee;PnrtiC'ipont. 1918 Harvard Law School Special Program.

Quaon Cit.\,: lActurer; U.P. Law Center; U.P. College of LawU.S. T.. Son Bed Collelle of Law; MLQU, U.E.

School of Law; Participant. 1981Colifornia Judicial ColiegeUniversity of California., Actuhmy of71-ia.1Judges;International Aasociate.

American Bar Association

2005 EDITION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part IOVERVIEW OF E'I'WCS

Introduction 1Various Ccmeepte oCEthic:a by Pbiloeopbera _.... 1DlMoal of Eth.ica 2

Lite ................................................................. 2333444

Lb.c.cl.e.t,.

KnowlecIp 1. ,Play ........IlA.tMtic ExperieDce: _ .Sc'Ci.billt,' (FrieDd,hip) .Practic::al R.. eon.bJ._ .ReJicioD .

Part 0QUBBnONSANDAN8WBR81N1..BGAL BTWCS 6

PartmCASES IN JUDICIAL IH'WCS

1. Men Error DOt GI'OUDd for AdmiDiatrativeComplaiDt 92

2. Judp Liable for Diami'sal for Contlnum,Immonl Relation after having been PrevioualyDilc:ipliDecllor .ucIa Mi8coDcluct f!... 92:

8. Immonl Aclvanc:. on a Litigant by a JuclpGroUDClfor DillDi I............................................... 934. AJucIp should not Depend on Subordinates

to Remind Him ofHia I>ea.d)ine

., ...... ...... !! ...... ..... ...,.. !ID,. :-a,. ,.. ,. to to t- p,. ,. ~ ,. ,.

! :I ~!tf: Ii ..1'4 r. f ~ Ir .. [ I.. II!I a i 11 51oil thf! r1t&41 if&4 .. ~ It" If}' f 1"1\ i'ilf ...fl:..,1f I I I ..! f t t i ! i i"g. I I ...f I :... s s:lis i r I" I II I! f I f i ! I I iI ...g I i I I Ii! I i I : :

I I i J i... ... ....... ...s S S 881 1 II I ~ I ISS Z

-- ...- - -_._-..... . ... - . ,"--.-------,.--- ----- ... __ , - -- -- --- - ,.

f' ~ ~ r= ~f.I ~ ~ 11 ra ~!SJifi~ JSJS ~

liiliH nnn IIf If if f[f Ii U f f i~If r II~II~h,"9,,,t if it UUit if r~8 ~ ~ - - L

I ~ :p" iiI: If .. . It .:. 3.,! if! f

Ifl 'rl I'! .:1 Zlf' 8 \ I~II =il-i l tj .~IIIII I i Jlll.I i I ., ,: I I I ! i . : iI I' I . : I I I: ! I. . ,I I .'. I : I

I 1'1 I Ii iii I i II... ...... ...CIt CIt N ...

... ...... ... ... ... ... .............. ... ..= oi i iSS &8228 aa

01~ltoI' -.- _

4.. Enar 01Juclpent Not aD U.uUlt DedIIoD ".... "....42. Dlaml .. 1Where Two Charpl are

SuWant.la11y the Same ._- __ ._ .

O. Admlnl.teri", Oath Without AIIlantCeMurabl .

... Not Ivery RuU", Can. ror Dladpilnal"JAction _ ..- - _

45. Poet or ee-tlon from0fIlce ..Part IV

RULES 138-lst8, RULES or COURTRule .38 - Attorney. and Admlaaloa to Bar ._-_ ..Rule I38-A - Law Student Practice Rule _ - ..Rule 139 - DI.barment or Suapen.1on orAUomell .:...Rule 139-A- Intevated Bar 01the PIalllppl_ ..Rule 1398 - D!.barment and Dladpline

IIAltome1l .

PartYCASE NOTES - LEGALmucs

Unimpnchable Aceounti", 01Client.' rund.RequI.recI __ __ _---_._-_

2. Preaumplioll of Innocence ._ _ .I. ~. r.. _....._.. . ,__ ...... CoDruct olin\ereet. ._____. ... Unauthorized SttUement br La.,..,., UDethkaI _

114

116116

118

111

111111

118128128181

138

146148141148149

,)

II

It

,It

I. Nonftll"lfII BrW ._.._._ ......._._._1. Contempt IIr DI8napectfta1 Lancuac- ......_-_S. NotariaatioD 01Document Without Vendor"

8J",atuN II MaJpraeticI -t. Unaulhorbed Pr8dJce br Court Per.n'"

QrouncI ,. Di8ml-a ._ _ _ ..10. Dlamleaal 01Criminal AdIoD Ground to I)lamia.

DiaM.rmeDt ProceecIlnp ___ ._--

11. Conviction oIClient Not CouIdereeiNOlllpnc:e _ ., .

12. FlI"" 01MoUoa for IdenaIoD on the LutD., and SendJ", Itbr fteliMred MaU IhoweLaek 01Prot-'onal Competence and DlIIpnce ....

11101110

151

152

152

153

154

IS. Controve...l. With Client" on AUomq.'_10 be AwcIIcIetI _ __ IN

APPENDICESAppencllaA ,..__ ..._ _

Appendix B _ - - -._ - -Appendix C_. __ - ..A_-"'- D ~~ ,_ ---........-...... _Appenclla 1 - ___-Appe~dix r _ __ - .Appenclix 0 ------- ..- - ---.-.Appenclix H -_._ - - - ..Appttndlal __ .._- ......__ ..Appendla J __ ------- .....-.--.---

15818119120220t231256

251264214

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Part I

OVERVIEW OF ETHICS

InIroduCtIonEthice .. about how we oqht to tive. What maUl aD

action &he richt, nther than die wronc thine to do.EtJlDOlolically, the word Ethlce .. fiorD the Greek word

ETIIIKOS,In tum CromETHOS, uu,., character, dispaeilion,manner and &hemore ronnal clennition of ethica .. that, It .. aninqull'7 Into &he nature, morality or mon) acta; the .arda Corthe morally pod and riaht. Etha .. the word UIC!d to reCer to&he eel of rule, prlnelpl_ or wa,. of thlnki", that IUld., orclaim authority to IUlde the actlona of a particular lJ'Oup.

Ethlce 'U.lta a eet oC dutle. that require u. to lubordlnate our Datura! detllre Unc:ludln, eexua! desire) In order toobey the moral law.

VulGus Concepts of Ethics by Philosophers1. Plato COIIIlderedEtha .. eomethl", Inspired to the

..ker party by the Ilronpr. AriatotJe thoUlht that virtue haato be tauaflt and then practiced, eo that It becomea a habit. TheChineae philaeopher, Menciua, \hou,ht that humaD bein,. pol-_ Innate lienee of right and wro",. They do evil bee.u ..adyene condition have corrupted tlUlIr nature. RoulIICau .. wman .. a noble .. yap .. tI.ned by the bounty oC nature. Hu-man bel", CorRoUSlAClU were naturally ethical being. Il IIdYiUzation and the concept oCproperty that has corrupted tJ\em.Hume paelta that men are tom between their len .. oChuman

,

I BAJlIEVJEWEllIN LIiOALAND JUDICIAL ITHJCS

ity aDd oar aYUicI aDd ambitiaa 10 that the 6mctioa f1l ethiesIa to reiDl'oree thole eeDtimeDta that meet with the pneralapproval or aD.

Materialiat phi...,.,... lib Man. Kant. tGptber withCharIea DanriD cons""" Ethica to ecaaomic arraJIPIDIIlt UD-der which bUJlWl Uft - the W81 they produce their rood, theirIIIeaDI 01 productioa wbetbel' they 6ft under a Ceudal or capi.talIat 8CODOID1. SperihU" CbarIeI DanriD that theorfPa olethica ia the IOCial hwtincta which etbical behaviormotivated bJ the iDltiDdift cIeIire to promote the CIOIDIDOIlpod. Freud viewed that the oriIiD or ttbies Ia the duire toreeoIva the conOid bet.eeD the iDdmcIual aDd the collectiveep.

DMSIONS OF ETlDCS

. ,. 1'be &eId ol Etbica Ia ""'-11 diYicled illto two pa,u -(8) lIeto fIIaia aDd (b)NorrrtIIliIIC edUa

"'eto ,,1Ikt deaJa with the reflICtiou OIl phiJoIOphy 01eWee; NOI'1IIGliw edUa II applied ethice, a ltudy 01 eWesiIltendeci to iDOlIIDeI ID8IL NOI'IDatift ttbica ......,. to DOI'1Da,ftIueI, rule, IlaDdardI 01' prtDdpIe that IIhouId pide our ded.- about what we oucht to do. LepJ ethb II aD uample 01normatJft et.hica.

AccorcIiDc to John PiDniI, a prd't IIIII' olLepJ Pbiloeophyill the UDivenity ol 0dIrd, ill bit article "Natural lAw aDdNatural RiPta- the buIc YaI.... are:

A. ut.A ftnt buIc Yalae, CIIIr.-p ,,,..Ii.. to the drift 0I1811-pree-

.... tioa II the Yalae 0I1ire. '11M term -ute- here IipifIee everyaspect or the vitaUtJ (uito, lire) which puta a buman beilll illpod ahape Cor l8II-detenainatJoa. BeDel, ure here iDdudeebodilJ (incIudiJw _ebial) beeJt.b aDd hedom &om the painthat ~ orpnic ID8lftanctioDin or UVW'7. ADd the recor.!"tion, pumut. and realizatioD oIthia buic human purpoee (ormtemall.y related II'OUP olJlUl1lClMl)are u various u the crafty~Ie ~.,...,.. olalDUl "eaboard Ieekinc to Itay afloatuntil hIa ahip lunIa beck lOr him; the teem.work oIlUl'pOM

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OVElMEW or ETHICS aDd the whole II8lwort ollU~ IlaII: aDdUa" .... ieee,~ IChooJa, etc.; road ..rely laws aad JII'OlI'UIlIIMI CamillerelieC exped.itiou; fannin, aDd reariq and Iiahina; rooclmll'-ketiDg; the I'eaUlCitatioD ollUicida; watchiDr out u ooelteploffthebrb.

B. &Owl"",'l1ae aecond buic Yalae II bowledp, COMidered u deSir-

able ror ita own eab, DOt mere., iDltrwDentaDy.

c. PIa71'be tbinI buIc upect oIbUJlWl walI-being Ia play. A ...

laiD lOll ollllOl'alilt analyzinc hUJlWl poda may owrloolt thiabaie value, but aD aDtIIropoIotiat wiD DOt ran to obeerve thiaIarp aDd irTecludble element ill hwnan culture. More impor-tully, each ODe ol_ can Me the point 01engqiq ill perf'OI'ID-8IICI8I which haft DO poiDl beJUDd the perf'ormaDca itael(, en-joyed Cor ita own lake. 1'be perf'ormance may be IOUla'J 01'aocial, intellectual or phyaical. Itnnuoua or relued, highlyIlructured or relatJvaly inlormaI, conventioDal or adMe ill itapaUerD. ... An element 01 play can IDler illto hlllllaD act.IvilJ,even &be cIraftiDg 01 enacbDentl, but II alwaya ualytic:allydiatJnguilhabl. rrom Ita .. rioua- contut; and lOme act.IviUu,IDterprilet, and iDlUtutiou are entirely or primarily pure play.Play, then, hu,aDdla ita own YaI....

D. Aathetlc ElEJNlrleaee'!be rourth buic COIDpoaent ill our fIouriahing ia authetic

aperience. ....., ronn. ol play. IUdI _ dance 01' lOIII 01' root-ball, are the matrix 01' occa.ICID 01 authetJc apea janca. Butbeauty II not an IndiapelUNlbleelement olplay. Moreover, beautif'ul rormcan be roundand eJ\joyed in nature. AeethetJc experience, unlike pia,. Deed not illvolve aD action ol one', own: whatlllOUIht after and Yalued ror Ita own tab may timpl,. be thebeautirul rormoutaide- 0118, and the -mner" aperienca ola,.predation oCitabeauty. But oRen enousfi the valued experienceia round ill the creation and/or Wft appreciatiOll ollOlDl wcrior lignificant and -tiatJinI Corm.

E. 8odebillt7 (FrIeMehfp)PiftblJ, there ia the value of that IOCiability which ill ita

weakeIt form iIrea1izecI b,. minimum or peace and harmoD.)'8INIDpt meD, and whieh I'UIpI tlIroucb the bma of hWlWleommllDity to ita ItrCJD&N& bm ill the fIowwiDg of run fiieud-lhip. Some of the coD-bnntioD bet ... ODe peI'ICIII and lID-other Ia DOmore thaD iDstrumeDtal to the realization by -=hofhia OWD iDdividuai purpoaeL But fiieDclahip iIlwlvea acting forthe .... ofODe" 6ieDd', JIW"POM8, ODe', frieDd', weD-beiJle. 'lbbe ill relationebip offiiendebip with at least ODe other peI'ICIIIIa ftmdUDeDtal form of aood, Ia it DOW?

Po PnIctIc8I BeuoaabIeIaaa~ there is the buic pod ofbeiDc able to briac ODe"

OWD iIltellipDc:e to bear eft'ec:tiftly (illprIICtical rearonh'C thati88u. ill ac:tiOD) OD the problems of c:hoosiDi ODe', ac:tiOD8 andlifest)'Ie shapiDc ODe', OWD characteI'. Neptiftly, this iIlvol_that _ has IDIUUI'e of efl'ectite 6eec1om; poeititeJy, it ill-wives that ODe seeb briac aD iIltelligeDt and J'"8O!D-hle orderiIlto ODe" OWD ac:tioD8 and habita and pradic8] attitudeL Tbi8order iD tum has (i) aD iIlterDal aspect, .. wbeD ODe stri_ tobriJ'C ODe" emoen. and cliapomtiaas iIlto the harmOD)' of aD__ peace of miDd that is DOt merely the product of cIrup CII'iDcIodriDatioa DOl' merely paai... ill ita arieDtatioa; and (ii) aDatemaI aspect, .. wbeD ODestrives to mabODe's acticm8(wbichare atemaI ill that they chaap 8t8ta of a8'ain ill the worldand CIfteD ........... d'ect the relatioas bet ... per80D8), au-theatie that is to .." ,eauiDe realizatioas of ODe', OWD he!7orcIerecl evaluatioll8, prel'ereDCee, hopes, and self'-determlDa-tiOD.. Tbi8 ftIue Ia thus complu, iIlvolvinc fnecIom and reuoa,iDtepity and .utheDtic:i~ But it has IUflicieDt IIDit)' to be.. tad_oae; aad far label Im-"ja1lL'tic:al.---Hp

G, ReUII_8neDthI.J, aad 8DaD.J iD this list, there i8 the Yalue of

what. IiDee Cicero. we 8WDIDUiI.J aad lamely caD -reIicioD-'For, .. there is the order of mNDS to eDd8, and the punuit oflire, truth, plq aDd aesthetic uprrienc:e iD .me indiviclualJ,yseleded order of prioritiee aad patten 01 speri.ljrau.. and

.1.I.j

OVEIMBWOFmDCS Ii

the order that C8Il be Inucht iDto humaa nlatioaa thrauchcoD_" oratiua, cammllDit)' aad &fend... ;p, and the crier that illto be brought iIlto ODe" cbarac:ter and activit)' throup iImeriIltepi17 aad outer autheatic:it)', ao. 6DaII1 there Iri8e auch~t'" ..(a) Bow are all theee orden, which haft theirimmediate oriciD iD hWlWl iDitiatift aad ,... away illdeath,related to the IutiDc order of the whole a.JDOII aacl to theoriciD. iD aD" of that order? (b) Is it DOt perhaps tha cue thathWlWl freedom, iDwhich ODe riMs above the determinilm ofiNtiDd aad impulse to aDiIlt.ellipnt pupofwol'thwhile bmsofaood. aDd tIU'Ouch which ODe ahapes and muten ODe', eDvi-IOIUDIIlt but also ODe', own character, is itself .mebow ,ubor-dinate to IIOIIletbiq which makes that humaD &eedom, human~ aad hWlWl mastery pouible (DOt just oriIiDaIIY"but ~ m_t to m_t) and which Ia free, iIltellipDt aad8IIftftip ill 1ra1 (and _ ranee) DOhWlWl beiDc C8Il be?

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Part II

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN LEGAL ETHICS

QUI8'nON8 ANDANSWUSIN LBOALITHICS ,

the ctw.IItng of ta family. Wh.n the owner com-pliined, he c:Ietd the housing shortage. Also, ....he Is ... to guMI court record .. Is the Judge .....,

A. YeL Such UIe oCthe court's premil4l8 inevitably ct....... the honor and dipity of the court and betaprejucticeI the eclminiatration of Juatice. ActiYiUeeoil Judp ill ....pect 01 their penonal alrain are.ubject to the aupervilOry luthorlty or the courtwbearo,. IUCh CODCluc:t placea the entire JudidarJillclaDprolpublic diarepute. (MiD. ReeolutioD,AdJD.RTJ 89-32'7,17 October 1991, citinl BaNtiG va. 'I'aD,109 SCRA 417)

3. Q. May a ...,., be conaidtred .. enpging In lawprac:IIc .nhough he does not appear In court IItIoptJons'

A. Y.. AUJ. Ira put work esperIencee u ... .,....8CODomi.t, "wy.r-m.D.,.r, l.w'.,..Dt ....preD8W'oIiDdlllby, ."wyer-n.ptIatorolCODtrw:ta,aDd ... .,....JeciI1ator oCboth the rich and the poor- .. rily more thaD aatisf, tb. coD.titutiODaIraquiremeDt - that hehubeen eJII8&'I!CI illthe prIIC-tice oI .. w for at leut teD yean.

'!'bIt .,...aice oI .. w ia DOt limited to the c0n-duct illcourt. (LaDd Title Abatract and Ttuat Co. va.Dworbn, 1290hi0St. 23,193N.E. 66O)ApanoDiaalao CODIiclarecl to be ill the practice or .. w when he:

"a & & for valuable conaicleratioD eappclin thewm- oI.dvialn, .,.,_, firma, ...IOCiatioDl or corporationa u to their ri8htaUDder the "w, or appears ill a repreaeDtati.,.capacity u an advocate ill proceedinp peDCI-iDe or proIIpec:tive, before any court, _mi.aioDer, referee, board, body, committee, or_ml .... conatituted by law or authorUect to .....tie CIIIlboverli. aDd there,in auc:b replil n ....tive capacity performa any act or acta for thepurpoae of obtaining or defendinl the rilhta 01

BAR JIVIWER IN LEGALAND JUDICIAL mllcs QUEST!ONSAND ANSWERSIN LIGAL mues tht'ir client. under the Illw.Olherwiae stated,

approved, 8Itate property Itill in Iitiption ud at-one who in ~p~ntatlve capacity, ftllllpain the bUlinni of adviling client. as to their tomey for the estate cannot aecute alDOl'tpp eaa-richt. uocIer the law, or while 10 fIIIIIIeCI per- tract over etitate property. IFomilda VI. Bradi'" 164,forma uy ad or actI either in court or out.lcIe C.R. No. 72306,24 Jon. 1989)al 0DWt _ that purpoI8. IIenppd in the prac-tice allaw. (State ex ~I. Mckitrick va. C.s. 5- a. DIstinguish the power to die for com.mpt and theDudley 8Ddeo.. 102s.W.2d 895, 340 Mo. 852) disciplinary power over bIwyers.Thia Court in the eaae 01PhilIppine La.,.. A. Disciplin8l')' power II broader thaD the power to cite

Aseociatioo VI. AcraVl (105 Phil. 173, 176-177) for contempt. Contempt power does not ahaUit the... ted: court's disciplinary power - a lawyer's act which

"'lhe practice ofla. II not limited to theobstructs or degrades administratioa oI'justice c0n-stitutes both prof_iona) misconduct ud contuma-

CIODduct01' cues or Iitiption in court; it em- c:ioUI conduct.Incee the p~paration of pleadinp and other

It cannot be .. id that the aen:ile ot dilcipU-papers incideat to actioDi and special proceed_inp, the manapment ofsuch acUoDiud pro- nary authority by the court wbea it fa wVuatlJat-ceecIiap on behalf 01dlents beforejuclpe aod tacked conltitutes the court u oII'ended party, pros-c:owta. ud in addition, conveyinr. In pneral ec:utor and judlf at the same time.aU advice to clients, ud aU action taken f"; A Iibel.ult II not the remedy of the jucIp be-them inmatten connected with the law incor- caU8ethe outnqre II directed not to the judp u IUChporation lervicea, useument and condemna- but to the court 88 an organ of the adminiltration 01'lion lervicel contemplating u appearaDCe JUltic:e.Also, judlf mUit confine hiI time udu-before ajudiciaJ body, the forec:IOIureof a mort- lively in diacharging hiI public duties; public in~Pee, enforcement ofa c:reditor'. daim in bank- elt suITen when thejudge II cIi8robecl ofhisjudic:ialru~ ud insolvency proceedinp. ud coo- authority to face hiI auailant 011 equal JrOUDCIa toduetinr proceedinp in attachment, ud in prosecute c:aaes 88 a private individual. (Zaldivarmatten 0(at.te ud guardianship have been VI. Gonzales, C.R. No. 80578, 7 Oct. 1988)bel~ to CIOIIBtitutelaw practice, 88 do the prepa-ration ud clraftingo(1egaJ inatruments, where .. a. Ia indefinite suspension of a ...,... a cruel pun-the work done involves the determination by lahment?the trained lepJ mind of the legal eITecto(factaud cond.itioM. (Cayetano VI. Monsod C R. A. No. Indefinite suspension lives the lawyer the key100113,3 September 1991) , . to the .... toration ofhil richt by IiviDe him chance

4. a. Mar Iawpr execute a mortg'ge contnlct overto purge himlelr in hll own &oocI time 0( hiI con-tempt or milconduct by ac:know1edciq his miIcoa-

the "laCe P'OI*1r aft., partition Ia 'PPf'OYed but duct, exhlbitin, appropriate repentance, ud clem-....... the ..... JII'OClldlng Ia declared dosed? onltratln, hit willinrneu ud capadty to Uft up to

A. No. Until estate proceedillf It declared doeed udtho exactin, .tandarda required 01 ... 1'7 lawyer.(Zaldivar VI. Sandipnbayaa, C.R. No. 80578, 1 Feb.

tsrminated, ... II. project of partition baa been 1989)

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I.Hll'!!:t uuan UHf jJfJ' II Ii ';1i J~?ri113- nu h~J 5~c': IIi-' r f ~:iii ~ Ii!'- ~ ..r ;;I!~r II.i H!r I

tu EHft= un~n ~~n}:rpi iq! ~th I... ~.1. -i!!lH lFfui 1 I ~ itl~ hat (It lIi;l .. I" -II .

,: Ir!a rI ,II~,f i1 po r ~I- r -f I I.~ ~f =

II 1AI1I\'IIYt'El1N LlQALAND JUDICIAL JTHICS QUISTIONS AND ANSWERS IN LIOAL mDca 11

"The cIeCIllon 01'" COIoWt In.....-v. 1.. Q. When II a judge .Imed to ...". "knowingly .....IIIIed cae .......... a W far ....:;. x XL The Court not ofttt put to NfIoua deNcI" ... unjust declIJon?.... 1Ion III own ........, .... compefIIIICe A. A JudIe II exped4!d to follow the ruIeII preecribeclbut allo Jeopardized ItS own umpa'g" to eDIUJ'II a fair and unpartiaJ beariD& -- theagainst graft and com.aon ..... ,...., ,.,. dift'enat facton that emerp Uwte60m aad beU'vadIng .... judIc:IaIJ x XL. Ie suIImiIIId tIIIIt OIl the iIIuea preeented, aad _ the buia ol theIhIa 1\1'" II ... moat ..... reftIdIon on CGDdUliou be fiDally estabIisbecl, with 0DI7 Ilia.... eou.r. competence Md In...., and CDIIIdeDCI aad bowledge olthe law to picIe him,exemplifies Its manifest partIaIItr tDwards acUudicate the cue ~ ICill the ... olAplaXXL- tha judp. the evidence for the del... wu enti-

A. 'n.rIIDUb mecS. by a bmIr jadp II - ......tied to IlION weliht and credeace, be CIJUIOt bebeld to acx:ount adminietratively for the nauJt olftd aDd warnatllmpolitiGa ola ftDe. ~ a bmer Ilia ratiodnatioD. For that II the 'VW1 UDee olJudp. CIIIIIDMI ebouIcI bow that fa .._, IitiptiOD. Judicial inquiry; otberwiM the bunte. ol judicial.. parV prevaila but bia lUa:eJ!I wiD DOt juItif7

fDcIictmeDtol bribel'1 by the other ~ Reapoucl- orne. would be intolerable.eat II ntitied to bia opiDioDbut DOt liceDeed to in- Mere errora in the appreciation ol evicIeDce,lUll the Court with deroptol'1 atatemeDti aad reo UDleIIIO poll and patent .. to produce an inf ....CIOUI'W to tupmllJIG ad MmiMIIL (8aDgaJang va. enc:e or iporance or bad faith, or that the juclplAC. G.R. No. 71169, 30 Aug. 1989) bowingly rendered an W\iust deci.sioo are mel-AJtt. A. a rich man and chairman of a college of

evant and immaterial in admlniatrative proc:eecllnl13. Q. aplnJt him. (Miranda VL Manaiuw, A.M. MTJ

medicine and Vlry much married, engaged In 89-159,21 Dec. 1989)....... 1nIM:ou,.. wIttIaltUdlntol'" IChooIMdbegot a child with her. The SoIc:Itor General .. 11. Q. When .. libeioul lteternenta c:onakIerM prIvIoliar. NCOI'IIIIIIfIde a ......... ,.. auapenaIon for the 1egIcI?...,.,. Aa the matter waa pending far .... ,..,.eInce the rwcommencIatIon waamade. Md further A. Tbeeellatementl are privilepcl ooly wIleD relevantIhaI complainant had gone and with ..apondent to the iuuee railed. Tbua, in a collectioa cue &ledIInowIng hlln to be a married man, aabd for the by a rural bank apiDIt a bOilower, a third parlJ... ml.... of .... cue for being mooIandKldemlc. CDIIIplalnt apin. the bank III8JUI&eI' which imput.-1111OSG _ed .... Co..1 to conaIder..apondent to the bank manager ac:tJ ormisappropriatiaD thatauapended for ......... ,.. period .... c:ase ... were unrelated to the iuue olindebtednw. the Ii-pel "" _"'waa notenpgedln lawprao. beloua .tatementl were not deemed priyj)epcl.lice. II .... recommendation ......... ? (Paredee _lAC, G.R. No. 70717,9 May 1990)

A. No. 'n.lawyer ahouJd be cIi8barred. ~ the la.,...a rich man, II not really practiciuc, hIa .npenaioD 11. Q. IIay a judge'" a petition for certIcnrI flo ,... aweuJclllne DO redeeminJ purpoee. The r.ct that be Court of Appea'. decilion which reveraed orII a rich IlIaD and cIoea not practice, cIoea DOt reader mocIIftecI .... decision?I"IIJi~t a perIOD 01 rood moral character. (De A. No. The juclp II only a nominal puty Impleaded toloa He,.. ft. AIDer, AM No. 1334, 28 Noy. 1989) comply with the rules. A decent reprd for the judi-

ta. Q. Ajudge didnot dIIcIou IhIt he pending crimi-.... c:aes filed Igllnst him It of his poIntment. HII d.fen .. wu ChIt he .. presumedInnocent of .... .,.. befoN his c:onvIctIon. liarlie be NIIIOVH Ior.uch ncw..cllacloe ... ?

A. Y.. H.1wI the dutJ to dildott aucb iDl'ormatioD toIDIbIt the IppolntInJ luthority to determine lUI.u,ibiJltJ for the ofIlct. E"" proepecti .. appointee.- Ipprile the Ippointm,luthoritJ 01....,. ma~ter btariq 011 hJa fttDela lOr judicial omc.. lDcJud.Inr thote thlt reneet onhit InlelritJ Ind probity IIrequired by Art. YIn, Sec. 7(3) 01 the 1987 ConaU.tutiOD. (Oflict of the Court Adrnin ....... WI. JuclpIItldoD.AM RTJ-87.104, II Jan. 1989)

tt. Q. .., lawyer fermi"... hla Iter rntmbwahlp?A. Yet, anclerSee. 21,M. nofthtJOPBy ....... 1J.

,.. old fa".., who had IIGt pradlced hll prorH-tIf)ft line. hll retlr~mpntu I ~m"",nt omd.tWIll liIowNl to tf.rmlnll~'" 1MCourt after nll"l

the nquilite ftrifted notice oIlenDiDatiOD with the8ecratarJ 01 the lD&ecrated Bar. (lD IeAtq. ,,_PriDcipe. Bar No. 643, 20 Sept. 1990)

20. Q. .., .... SolIcItor General muse 10appNI"ln. CAM lie dJsagrHs wHh the .tand of a pwnmentagency MeIdng 10 be ,.pre.. m.ct bJ his ofIIce?

A. No. EftD II the opinion or the Solicitor GeneraJ ia~t..nth the JOYernment or IDyolita .. n-ciet be ia apected to rep""D&' be ahouIclltil1ap-pear ancl iDl'onn the Court 01biB Itand.

Thua, In criminal cues, the Solicitor Ge~~IDI,1recommenel aequittal. Th. Solicitor General IIthe Ia.,.. 01 the pvernment in IDYUtiptiOD pro-ceecli",. investiptiOD, or matter requiriDI the """ieee oIa lawyer. The only exception ia when IUCbGftlci.I, or .. nta are being eharpcl criminal1y orare heiDI civilly .uecl ror ellmlces arisiDc from a~(~ .....CivilSehiceComm m,GANo.92561,12 Sept. 1990)

Atty. V was the managing ~ of a partnershipKJV and It the 111M time legal counsel of Loin thelitter .. eapecltJ .. a .peciaI administrator of ................ ta .. of F, The partnership KJV and .......... repre..m.d bJ L exec:utM a cOlltractover auger lands owned bJ wIIh Atty. V.1gnIng .. fIIIMIII' of the partnerahIp. ChargedwtttI misconduct. hi. defense was tNt lie onlyectM .. ..,. of KJV, and al.o heirs of .......... ec:qutescecI and c:onsenIM to COitCIac:t... INa ten8bIe?

A. No. Thia conduct i1MntTa~ to ArtII. 1461 .ncll&f6oIthe Nt'WCivil Code. p'I'Ohibitil'll~ui"ihon ortMdimt'a phlpf'lty. (".ftOft 'of'tM ~ O(~ .. innaJRHf'O"I"I"'''lY.nd &-te. 3 .ncl26, Ru.... 1~ RuINor Court. Is.. MllnllftqUll v.. "i1II!ps. Adlll k~.30 A\lI\1I1t 1990)

2t. Q.

The COIjNIIIIon Id employment - Ie.pI .. aINnt on CIIIOIY c:IIenI mer .................... , orwlhout~

, ....... COfNCt?A. No. AltJ. II ... DOt birecI OIl a ntaiDer Ua-

der the CIODtroI tel&. it iIdeer that A1t:J. )I ...em,.". .... the tenaiDatiOD albia- ;ice .,..

. emed by 1M labor eocIe. (See fbdro Reeoureea ...Labor Arbiter. G.R. No. 62909. 'l1Urd DmaioD, 12April 1989)

21. Q. A lawyer for the accIIlHd mcMCI for the ..........01the appNI 01his client bee ...... Wins",aPPNIwaa frivolous. ..... proper?

A. No. lithe Ia.,.belieftI the appeal to be Criw1oua,hemUll withdraw his appeuuce. He cumot moveto diamia the .ppeal. (People VI. Papro. MinuteReeolutioD, G.R. HOI.~21. 24 July 1991)

2I.Q.

QUI8TION8ANDAN8WBR81N UGAL mocs 18'

pected to maintaiD the rup.t IItaDdarda alprobity.Tb-. a ClllDplainant cumot uk that.judce iDhibithlmeeJr becau. be and the reepondent .... mem-ben 01Sicma Rho. (See BeIJoejDo VI. Saludo. AM3297. Min.. BeL, Bra&ute, 6 AprilI989)

llembenhip in Rotar7 and .... collep rra.temil7 DOt a pound fOr inhibit;ioD. Such membersan apeded to maintaiD the JUcheat lItand.rda 01probity.

Q. What .. 1IIIsconcIuct ~ Judge?lIi.,.,...tuct, which .... oftIcer'a charader ... pri-.... individual. baa cIirect nIatiOD and iIcormecteclwith the perf'ormance 01ofIicW du_ amountingeither to maladminiatratiOD 01'wilfull, intentionalDqIect 01 bia omce. (Cleclera VI. RTC 88-239. 21June 1989) tu:

Tbua mere raiJun to pay a debt is not mi8coD-duct abient ahowinI 01abu.M or .uthority or maIi-cioua intent.

Q. May IIunIc:IpaI TrIal Court.blges lid .. Nota..... ?A. TbeJ IIIa7 act .. Hotariel Public Bz 0ffkiJ) only in

the notariutiGa 01 cIocumeDti eoanectecl with the...-dIe 01 their ofticial fimctionI and dutiee, butIIIa7 DOt undertake preperatiOD aDd 1ICknowJecIc-meat oIpriYate cIocmnenta, CIODtnda aDd other ada01CIODft18DCe' which ...... DO direct n1atiGa to theperlGnnance 01their ftmdiOD .. judge.

In ,._ bo...... where there are no nola-rial public, municipal tri8Jjudae _,. act .. recuJarDGtarieI public plo.icIed that _ .... tumecl overto the municipal a..unr. aDd certificatiOD iamade in the notarized cIocumeDt that there ill DO.. .,...01' DOtary in the mllnidpllity OI'cimliL (Adm.Matter No. 89-11-1303. MartiDa. 1989 Summary.P. 809)

11. Q.

12. Q. ......... UgllIEINca ........ 1mportMce endMC .. t'" (1111.1'71.1'''",

A. IAplIlhica IIIW fIl ...... _Dee wbic:btna&t fIl ID tt&al..,...&-law oweato bit ctitDI. to Ibt Ceurt. to Ibt Bar. and to thepublic. (.III.,,'" Praf rullcIeaJa or.1....,....p. 4).

1111IICUd7 fIllepJedaica .., Iawyen and lawI&udeDta II iaapartaDC, tad illrat iDdiapeaaable ill_, clelDOCl'lltic __, cledicatecl to the Rule fIlWWLIllIIUda'1DCiItJ.1bt 0fIic:e of'tht 1...,.... i8ID ..atialllll d Irpin"i. or IUpport fIl the .aaJIlnIcture. 1111II.,... am.. dtizena and perD-... 0II .. 1aw tad ...... CIOUrt aDdJucla- ill the...m;ni..,.... ", jaItiae. 80ciIty wiD be IeI'iouII7prwJudici&I ilia.,... w.mar do DOt CODI'orm to aide fIl CllDdud =a with hiP iIlt.etrity and...... .,.. A. Ibt Sbarewood CIOIDIDenta,.... fIl peCt.jJ_~ aut.om - ...inc 1IDODIt1 i.Ia.,.. II _ fIl the palMcune wills tDJ ..... or ODIDIDwaity taD be9iIite4. en. ,., tI1ewllaoaJd IIipiIy ror'talol..._. IfUinc.put hID the..... itudt -11.............. dof'juIta. See.... ,....., UPlull11 n...mc.oanc.fIl~... ,.,. ...... n ,.... __ the ClllO-=--~ -en.",dill 1" fIl the J.pJ "...

........... -.tI ."..,.... fIl aD juI&... aa...-w.. en ", "iIdaciaI E&hica) Ij,

11

A Q. WhIII .. 1he four.fold duIIea of the a.wy.. elite....brtefIy. (1.... ,.". '115 Bar)

A. 1bt four.l'oId dutitt 01the lawyer are Ii f'oDowt:1. CUENT - ",. Ia.,.... owet entire dnootioD

to the intereIU 01Ilia client, WanD and ..J illthe maiDtenaDCe fIl the defenee 01 Ilia rightaaDd aertioa fIl utmoet IeuDinI ability to theend that DO&hinc be taken 01' withheld &-bit client acept ill 8CICIOr'daDce with law. Heow. duty 01CllliDpetent and ..,Ioot repre-tentttioa to the clieat, and IIbouIcI paw w. bitclient', tiCftti, prtMl'ft hia fundt aDd prop-ertJ aDd .Yaid -ruct 01iIltereat.t.

2. COURT -1bt lawyer muat maiDtain tow'"the Court r.pectful attitude. derend thecow1t tpiDlt UJUuat mtici.m. uphold thecourt ... uthority and dignity. obey court ordenand prBII_. and tuiat ill the adminiItra-tion ofjUltice.

8. BAR - ObIerve c:andOl'.f'aimeu. eourt.e&)' andtnatblWn_ illbit conduct towardi other law.111'8, avoid encroKIunent ill the buiin 01other Iawyen and upbold the bonor of thepror-ioD.

. 4. PUBUC - He mud not undertake tD7 actioDwhich YioIatee bit r.poDlibiUty to tociety Ii whole; be must be an exemplar ill the CIIIiD'muMy for uprich~ ... member 01eoci-ely. the Ia.". muat be ready to render IepJaid, ro.t.lepI refOl'1Dl, be a cuardian 01dueproa ... aDd aware 01 hia ;peciaI role ill thetoIutioa 0I-w1 problema. be alwall ready tolend ..a.w- ill the RUdy aDd .,lutioD fIl-wi .....,.._(See Cantela .. va. Medina,II SCRA403; a.,ort of the American BarAa-tociatioD, 44A.BAJ. 1159-1218. 1958)

)t. Q. In ....... aboe ... wIIIlhe .. wyer lind hit highesthonor? (1_ Bar)

, t

A. wiD ftnd lUI "'iF'" honor ill a du n wedA Ia.,.er . to...w.1a trua and pubIiereputatioD .,.. ftdeIitJ ..... - triotic aDd I-_lduty"l!D bonM& ...... aDd .. a pa ..." ..dtizea. .

H. Q. What comprII ...,.,.. dutY 01CMdor lindfalmeU befoN Court ..... wIIh oCher lawyers?(1'61 &IIr)

A. The duty eI caDdor and rainlell towarcla "" Courtrequi .... the Ia.,."to ava6cl concealment elthe truthhID Court aDd avoid lDilleediDi the Court ill aD7lDa"MP DOmattar how demandiDi hie c:tieat ....,be... DOdieDt bo ..... powerful aDd DOcaUM bow.ever iJDportaDt Ie .titJed to receift &om the Ia ..yerany.me. iIlvolYiDl cIiaboaee&J &0 the Court. Alawyer tbereIoN abouId DOt JDiaquote the coateDleeI doculDeDleor conceal racte hID the Court .......tiaJ to the ,.....ntatioD eI lUI ca..... (See AlbertService, Court 01Firat IDItanCe, G.R. (,26364, May29, 1968). With .... pad to the r.Dow lawyera, Cour-tel)' ahouJd characterile hlI relation with hie breth-ren; ill reeli".. ahoulcIlCI'Upuioully be avoided. hidie trial oldie cue therelbould be DOallusion &0penonaI hiatory or peraW id~ 01counaeJ OD die other aide. PenoaaJ colloquy abouId bea'fOided.

"

.. Q. Howwouldrou ~acc ..... no-tIon ..... practice 01 a prole.alon and not a........... 7 (1t72, 1t7' BIIr)

A. The practice ellaw Ie a proI..... aad DOt a buai-aua .. It ia aa ntiaJ part ill the admiDiatntiODof jll.ltice. a. proC ill pul'lUit of which pecuDi.II)' rew.ard .. conai~ .. mereJ.y inddental; it iaa PW'lWt orleamecl art ID the Intereat ofpublic: eerv.ice. (See Rotcoe Pound, 11M lAwyer From Antiquity&0 Modem 'n1Dll, p. 6).

37. Q. u.y alNyer ~7 (1'77BIll)A. Direct aDd iDdirect ad'fWtiaemenle are preecribed

by die Canoaa .. 011'.... to traditioa aDd Jowen

the t.oae of the prol..-ioD. Inc:luckoclill the prohlbi.tiou are lOIicitatiODofprofaeionaJ employment bydrc:ulan, ad~nta, Jette .... pereona! commuDicatioaa, or interview8 DOt warranted by pereona!relatione. Fumilhinar 01 photop'nph, In connectionwith the lawyer, cue Ie aJao prohibited. ScIrpraINIe prohibited.

Tbo canona however pennit. the UN oIlimploprof_ional cardl, publlcatlona in reputablo lawu... olthe Ia..,.'a name, and that. ofhia auoci_t.e;add..-, telephone numl'l'r. nable add..-, brierbio-data, names of ,lim'" """Iarly ft'PrHI.!nted, withthe JaUera conaenL (See 27, CanUlw of ProfeuionalEthicl).

31. Q. .. II pennlaslble ~ng for a lawyer to publl.ca In .... MMpaper an announcement on theopening oIa "UpI Clinic" which Inv.... the pub-lic to bringtheir c:nH for conDultat1on and adviceto Mid legal cllnlc7

A. It ia unethleaJ profeuionaJ advertlaement or. I_wyer &0 advertlN the oporatiol\l or Duc:h -LegalCIinic:... thia conat.itutee IIOIlc:ltat.lon.A IDwyer whoadvertlaecl .uc:h a law omce w.. ordered &0 dealat&om fUrther maid", auc:h advertiaomenL (Bar Mat.-ter No. 364, Complaint Aplnat the Legal Clinic.Su,....Court Reeolut.lon ol Jan. 22, 1987)

St. Q. What .. law prac:tIc:.? (1'" Bar)A. Generally, the practice orlaw lnc:Jud.. ac:tiviu. ,uc:h

.. living rendition or .. rvlce that Involy .. le.81knowledge or ,kllllnc:ludln, preparation or plead.inp and other papel"linc:ldontal &0 ac:tlona and epe-daI proceedlnp .. wen .. the drawing deeda andother conveyaace; the preparation or incorporationpopel"l and livi." 01advice &0 c:lienle .. won .. theproper interpretation ellt.atu_ Tbe prac:tice oI'l_wimplie8 the coatinuity 01act.I Duc:hthat theae act.conatitut.e a meana to earn a Uvellhoocl.

... LBGALAND JUDICIAL ITIDCSa.u au;YIEWEIl ...to the preparation and ~

With reapect &hit II law practice wbeD theflllepI~! tt.tenninatiOD by I b'aiaecI Ie-workmiDd fIIthe leplc:onIfQuenceeoCtile ln8tnunenl:.. the work iJlvoIYII mainly the clerical Ict of8IIiDI the bIanb 01 prepared Corma which requinltDO IepIltucly. tbiI II merely ICrivemnc and ia DOtpnctice oIla . (See 5 Am Jur, p. 262)

40. Q. What .. the MIll" 0I1he Itgal prol... lon1 (1'"Bar)

A. nw IepI prol__ II a Cormor public: _rvice orpublic: truat intimately related to the Idminiatra-lion fII juaticl, in the prac:tic:eor which pecuniaryrewanIa are CIIIIIidered .. merely incidenta)'lt mUlt8ipiIy for Ita foIJowen a mental and mora) aettllllapart hID the multitude -It II a prietthood o(ju-tice. (See LecIeema VII. Cllmaco,G.R.No. 12816, June28. 1914)

4t. Q. What ...... prKtIce? (tin. 1871Bar)A. ",. railure fila lawyer to e.ercl .. on behalf 0(hll

tlient the bowled"", .klll and abillty ordinarilypoNOlMCi and e.. relled by memberl oC the barwhonob)' an anuaJ ... II tauaed the cllenL (7 AmJur 2dAllyL, Set. 187," "fl.)

42. Q. Ca) Wh.. IN lhe IOUre., 01 Legal Ind JudicialIthIc,? ,t87'.a"

(b) 1Aumer .... he prtl1CIPllIOUrCN of legal eth-Ie. '"70 let)

A. n..,a,.:I. ft.,'11IOCIR.,Iee"'('IIUI1_ 11111.,.13", 137,1:18,

131, 13ft.\, 140, lIN. II, Rill, I"~j "-e. ~1Cb).Rule 130, ..... 7,R.,1e M' ...._ I' I 7

' nPIT. U. ,,,.

I. ~~'t""lInld....I.lllni II' CClllrt o(AI'llItal lId""1"."" (!uul1.

QUlSTfONS AND ANSWERS IN LEGAL mucs

3. LesialatioD(a) Philippine Coll8titutioD - Sec. 6, An.. X;

Sec. 8. An.. X; Sec:. 11. Art. VIII; s.c.. 8and 7.Art. X.

(b) Civil Code of'the PhilippiDet (RA 386)1. An.. 1491(6)

2. Art. 2208(c) Reviltd Penal Code

Articl" 204, 206, 208, 207 and 209(d) R.A. No. 1812, 1277,1198.1168.1080,972

and 424. Canona or Proreeaional Ethlca

(a) Code 0(Proreuiona1 Re8poaaibiJity

(h) Canoll8 of' Proreaaional Ethic:a ror Law-yen

(c) Canoll8 or Judicial EthlcaTreatlea and writilll 0(",1 luminari .. Jlke(a) Jea.up (b) Wanelle (c:) Maltolm (d)Cheatham (e) Shanwood mHicka (I) Drinker(h)Archor

43. Q. Give a bltel hl.lory 01 the Canone 01ProInaloMlEthic

A. Pllnn.ylvanla JUlllce 0 .... ,..,. 8h .... woocl publ ....1I1dIn IIIA4 hi. EHHAV on LI!:OAL E'rJlIC8. Earlier.o.,ld l'olTman wnltAlhi. ...I....ly ReaulUtlll... dual.In. with 18wy.,,' duU ... In 11181.1111H11a. (Joud.Jun .. 0' th. Alahama 'ldr pro.,. ..... ado.. """, 01 aCcldl or '''''11111t

--ALAND JUDICIAL E'I1fICSBAR REVIEWER IN .......

. . Bar AsIOciation adopted a ne.time, the ~ RespoDlibility on August 12,~:, ~h: :~~rwent .everal amendments until1976.

44. Q. I - ...a.. the portion. of the 19.7S.... n your v...._u. of CCon.tltutlon and of the New Rul.. ourt thatref" to the practlc. of law, and the ob rvance oflegaI.thles. (1973 Bar'Soc. 5, Subeec. (5) 0(Art. VIII o(the New Constitu.tion (1987) provides that the Supremo Court shallpromulgute rules conrernl~g the enforc~me.nt oCConstitutional rights. pleading and practice In allcourts, the admillllion to the practice of law, the Integrated Bar, and legal aSlistance to the under-privileged.

Rule 138 0( the Rulea 0( Court pl"Ovldea thatthe Supreme Court shan conduct a yearly bar examlnntion undor tho direction oCa committee of barexaminers proaided by one of the Justices, the quali.ft('ations ror admiaBions to the bar, doftnea the duotiM oC attorneys, tho grouncla or suspension and di.barment the compenlation oflawyo ....

45. _Q. What Is the .xtent and scope of the power of theSupreme Court over edmls.1on to the practice oflaw? Explain. (1972 Bar)

A. The ri,ht to admit member. to the Bur la. and hOIalways been, the exdwdve privilege of tile SupremeCourt. bocaU80 lawyer. are nlembe ... or the courtand only tho Supn'mo Court Ihould be allowod tod"tormlne adm] ... lon then'to In the Interest of theprll\('lple or tho II!paralion of powe .... The power IIJudl('I,,1 In tho .. nao thnt dllJ('retion la uaod In ItsoxC'1'('11IO(In re: Cunannn, et nl., 60 0.0. U;o2).

41. Q. May Cong" validly l'gl.lat. to Idmlt I partIcu-lar person to the practice of law In the Philippines?R.a.on.,

1

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN LltGAL F.THJes

A. The prilllllJ)' power and ft8ponsibility to admit mem-bera of the Bar ft8ides in the Supreme Court. (Inre: Cunanan, et a1.,150O.G. 1602). It is noteworthythat unlike the 1935 and the 1973 Constitutiona,the 1987 Constitution no longer provides ror thepower of the legislature to repeal, alter andlupplemont the rules promul,ated by the SupremeCourt (See Sec. 5, subeec. 5, An. VIII, 1987 Conati-wtion).

47. Q. A .ucc ... ful bar candidate who had I pendingca .. with the Supreme Court wa. allowed to .Ignthe Roll of Attomeya by clelk but was unable totalca hi. oath befora the Su."..... Court. H. paidhi. IBP due. and wal duly IIst.d I.qUlllfl.d voterby the IBP. May he practice law without having ac-tually tak.n his oath of office?

A. No. 'Ib be admitted to the bar, he must take hla oathbefore tho Supremo Court. (See. 17, Rule 138; In re:Elmo S. Abad, B.M. 139, March 18. 1983)

41. Q. What I. your conc.pt of the tarm Practlce ofLaw"? D.flna "Practlc. of Law."

A. Practice of Law is the doing or portorminc or aerv-ices in a court or judice in a proceedin, the in, in-cluding It.o,aladvice and coufUlOl,and the p paration or 1"101 inlltrumonts and c:ontract by whichrights are IIO('Ured, although sUC'hmatter mayor maynot be pending in a court. fSmallberg VI_ State Barof California, 297, p. 916). 'Ib practice JaW- is tocarry on the bUlinellll or an attorneyatlaw (People'18. Peoplo's Trust Co., 167 N.V.S. 7671. Pn.oparincdocuments Rnd renderinc other 8ervit'ea involvincthe UN of legal knowlt.-dge and skill, margilll rorsuch IOrvlce8 are within the term "pradice oClaw.-(reol)le '18. Poople's Stockyards Staw Bank, 176N.E.901)

J.I(lALAND.lVD1CIAL BTHICSQUES'l'JONSANDANSWERSIN LEGAL EnUCS28 BAR REVJEWER IN

, ...,... use In his pleading,NOTE:49. Q. WMt name shOUld

Md IIW~1 1188 in his law practice the A. CitizeDB of the United State. may be aDoweclA. The lawyer shoUld ~Y the RoDorAttorneY'. Thue. to practice law berore the c:ourta of the Philip-

name which .p~ uame in the Ron 0( At. pines upon aatiarldory proofa Ia~ wh~.. RaJDOI may not 1118 the Dame (1) That they were duly Uceoaeclmemben oftomeya II DioDi81O the aDepti0D8 that his real the Philippine Bar berore July 4, 1946;Pecbo D. de RaJDOI on Ra (2) That they were iD the Ic:tive prlCtice 01Pedro DioDilio (See P8JII8D VI. moa, 93name ia a lawyer who ia registered in the law iD the c:ourta or the PhilippiDel andSCRA 87). 'lbua. .oniai Ramoa may not em. iDaood and regular lWMIiDl, prior to JulyRoll orAttomeYI II Di 0 4,1946;andI the Pedro D. de RamoI even if"his nlUlle

poy name D' i Ra d (3) That they have talteo the requisite oathiD hie birth certiftcete ia Pedro 101Wl0 mOl anhia mother'a eurname ia Dayao. A lawyer 11 only oroft'ace.(Sec. 3, Rule 138, Rulee ofCourt).authorized to U8I the lI8IIle reciateJ'ed in the Ron of B. Filipino citizeu, who .... enrolled attomeyaAttomeya. '!be U8I of other II8IIleI would be dace,. iD aood .tandiD, iD the Supreme Court of thetiOD. United State. or in any circuit court of appealeor diatrict court thereiD, or in the hi",_ court

Explain the ...... ,. oftht rtght to practice law. Whatof any State or Territory or the United Statea,

50. Q. may alao be allowed to prectice law iD the Phil,Ia the n.... ,. of the rtght to prac:tlce law? ippin .. upon aatiafactory proof:

A. The rilht to practice law ia not a natural or couti (1) By aatiefactory certiftcatea that they havetutional rilht (In re: Gibbs, 278, p. 371), nor an abo been in the prectice of law for at leut 5solute richt (In 1'8: Llnuevo, Adm. C... No. 1162, yean in any or aaid courts;66 SCRA 245) or a richt dtjure (In n: Ellla, 203, p. (2) That such practice bepn before July 4, 957), but ia a privile,. or &anchiae (In n: MiIlor, 1946; and244, p. 376). The ri,ht to practice law ia Dot (3) That they have neither been .uspended"property" (In re: Edwarda, 266, p. 665). It cannot nor disbarred. (Soc. 4, Rule 138, Rules ofbe ualgned or inherited, but must be earned by hard Court).study and pod conduct. (In 1'8: Clifton, 155, Sec.324). 52. Q. A Filipino citizen who Ia a member of the New York

State aar, Dlatrict of Columbia and State of VI...

51. Q. Who may prieta law In the Philippines? Who a,.glnla aars, who has obtained hla law degree fromthe United Stat ..... k. edmlaslon to the Philip.

entitled to prlCtlce law In the Philippines? pine bar invoking the dl.cretlon of the Court, citA. Any Pft'8OD who baa been duly admitted 88 a memo

Ing Sec. 4, Rule 131; eIao on the ground of comityand the ruling In InN: Shood.41 Phil. 213. Will the

ber or the Bar, or ma,yhereafter be admitted in _c- petition pro.per?cord.nee with the Rulee oCCourt, and who i. in aoodand ft'CU1ar standi"" is entitled to practice law. (Sec. A. No. Tho dillCl"Ctionof the Court to admit membenI, Rule 138, RuJee oCCourt). oCthe bar may be t'xerriec.td only when the applicant

10

'cd th.U the requiromenta or See. 4baa tomph ~ or reciprocity cannot be inv~Rule 138. Co

lmlll1_rna reciprocity and our Ia-

bocaUIlO IOCB aw.v'_ -""t I . Shood ~.rovIde for.uch redp""" Y ~ reo , It Iedo not p trolUIII .. it w.. clecidcd under thew';'fr C'AclmillloD.,._.d in 1920 butlUpa,.:ec.cdub01~e 1964Rulea orCourt. (See Bar MatterNo. 419~Feb.ll, 1981, Petition forAdml88lon totbtnar or Ramon Qul.umblna; eeo .110 In fa: JOltMiguol Diokno, 191\8; Ricardo JOIIO Romulo, 1968and AIt'jRndro J.jt'hatl(O, 19M)

The SolicitorGentrII NqUHted the City Flac .. ofNag. to .ppear In I civil reolltry c In the Itt....-...quell. the CityFIIaI w In.truct.d that thepetition Ia granted. the car FIIcaI ,hould not talto .ppe.1 w"hln the Nglemtntaty period. Old thedeleg.tlon con.tltutellte City Fllc.ll. coun 1forthe Republic, for purpo ... of computing the ap.pulpertod?

A. The SaJit'itOl'Goncll'llftlmAinaroun8t'1 or the Rl'pub-lie wich tho City FWaI ""inc only the I't'pl't'lttnla.tive, 10 chat thf pC'riod h IppM' mUlt be coun~from t.ho time thf SoIiritor-GcoMraJ ft''ivt!8 mil)'otthto~. (SH Rt-puhIit va. Dt-la Crua, 118 SCRA18;abo 'hnpa 0.., va. ~blic. 17 SCRA 535).

11Q.

K. Q. The SollcJtor.GentnlllPPMlM IS coun 1for theNatlonallnlpllon AdmInistration which was ,ueda., heirs of the cite IIHd when I trucIl of NIA coloIIdecI wtth IIrIc:tor of plalnllfts. At the p,..trlll, NIAWII ,.presented by I member 01 Its legll .taff,upon ........ of the SoIIc:itor>Generai. A comproo......... Il... IUbmIItIId to the Court .Igneda., the NIAatto.ne,. but not by the SoIlcJtor.Gen..... The IpecW pow., of IItomey In favor of theNIA attorney was execue.d four months Ifter theapproval ofthecomp" ..niMlgr'Mment, II the ~promJae ISIrternent valid?

A No.n. .lUI. n.~ acreetawet it woicI and iDeft'ec-

al1AlnatJo.... DOt empowered by 1MI .

QUIS'I'IoNSAND AH8W!R8IN LEGALmllal II

NIA board or dlrecton to execute the comproml ..qreemenL (See Republic va. Plan, 116 SCRA 70).

5S. Q. AttJ. Q ~ .. counl.1 for one of the defend-In" In an action befoN the Manila Court to ....ron:. I marftIme law, .... client ofAtty. Q being oneof the cargo ownera. ut." AttJ. Q wIthdNw ..coun ... for the ellant Ind prlV.d that hi. eN".Int lien be r.cordtd on hi. client'. cargo .. thevenue. He alto IIIed with another court InRIuI anaction or r.covery of prof lon.l .... ag hiecU.nt and MCurH an .... chm.nt over c:argocIeImed to be owned a., .. cIIent. chergoIng lien w.. sought to be ..corded. ManAlCourt had alrHdy onterad th. III. of the cargo. Iethe charging lien proper?

A. The cha"",..IIton t'ltnnol be Oh(omld. Thi. I"'" canbe applit'4i only to lUnd. or dum ..nt. or the clientwhl('h had lawfUlly mme to th. poIINNion ot coun...I. HC're the IMoIlW.. _I,,,, to be nIC'Or'dC'd onl11ft the Manila Court had alNaely ordC'rt'd the ....or the CIII'JIO.Uk"wI ... lnatoad o( nil", I ... parateat1.lonwith the Rizal Court tho lawyer iIhould haveintC'rwllC'Ci only in lhC' MAnila Court (or 1"t'('Oft'1 01prof'NlionaJ r-...the Manila Court had juriedic-tion to pull upon the qUC'lUon or oWhC'rMlp ot theCIIrpeI. (Sw Quuha ... .ruan, 118 SCRA &05).

58. Q. Ma, non-aa.,., practlc. law? R.alon.A. No. AppC'arInc .. COUMe) without Wi. I 1DeIIIbC'r

otthe bucoutituttw iUC'p) prartice oI'law becauaeonly mt'mben oIthe buare allowt'Cl to pndice law.CZt'ta va. Malinao, Adm. Cue No. p.22C). DtocembC'r20,19;8),

57. Q. Defendant'l In .., to. compl.lnt was .Igned byI non-a.w,.r; It....pI'eotNl. neither defendant norcounsel aPPHM and defendant WII dec:IIred Indefault. u.." I motion for reconl'derlitlon WII

BAIl UVJIWEIl DI L,lGALANDJUDICW. miles

a~' Judgmentw..... ~lied. .~~_I!........ th.,. a denl.1 of due Pfoc.apInSt....- ....?

A. N bec:aUII derendant "' .. repreaen~ by la0,in IUbleqUeDt .... ofthe cae. Mia righta_.._:plJproe.ect.ecL (See GubIIla VI.Cquloa. 78 SCJlA

2(3), .

In a c:rtmInII CIII for .flfI. lCCuHCI was ............... by a ~whO ml.1ed ICCUMd Intobelieving thathi"I a I.wyer. Accu.ed w.. c0n-victed by the R.glolUIl Trl.1 Court and the convic-tIon ... dinned by thl Court of Appe .... May thecomIdIon be Itt IIIdt on the ground that acCt_ ...was not,......mecl by coun.. l?

A. Yea. accueed ia entitled to new trial .. be was de.nied the due proceas. (Delpdo VI. Court ofAppea)a,G.B. No. 46392, Nov. 10, 1986)

5I.Q.

59. Q. GIve lnltancts where non-I.wy.,. .... allowed 11m-lad practice of law.

A. Supreme Court baa provided for exceptions alJow.iDe penoIII who are DOt membel'l of tile Intep'atedBar. to .ppear in court, IUch II:1. Azq oOkiaI or other pel'lOn .ppointed or dee-

lpatecl in .ccordance with law to appear forthe aovemment of the Philippinea. Thia omdaI baa aD the rich" of a duly authorized mem-ber 01the Bar to appear in auy cue in whichaidpemmeat baa int.erelt clirect or inclirecL(Sec. 33, Rule 138, Rulea 01Court).

2. In the court ora mUDidpai juclp party IDI1CIODCIuctbia litigation in perIOD, with the aidoIan .,.nt or friend appointed by him for thatpurpoee, or with the aid of au attomey. In aD1other CIOUl't a party may CODduc:thie litigationpeI'IODa)lyor by aid 0{ au attorney, and hie apo

pearance mUll ba either penonaI or by dulyauthorized member or the bar. (Sec. 34. Rule138, Rulea of Court)

8. Any perIOD, relideDtolthe province and ofpodrepute for probity aDd ahiIi~ may ba .ppointedGIIDnwy ,. ofido to aid the defendant in hIadef ..... in IoeaIiUee whe ... duly authorizedmambal'l 01 the bar .... DOt available .he.ever the cravity or the oa..... and the dimculty or the queatione involved warranL (Sec. Rule 118. Ibid.)

Any qent, not an .ttorney, may repraent thelot owner or claimant in a cue fallinc underthe CadaatraJ Act. (Sec. 9, Act 2259)

6. Law .tudenta under Rule 138-A.

60. Q. A and B who are law students entenIcI their ap-pearanc before the Municipal Court .. prIv_proMCutora In a crlmlnal CIII. ThIs was disallowedby the trial Judge. Is this COINCt1

A. No. A nonlawyer may .ppear _. friend of the partybefore the Municipal Courta under Sec. 34, Rule 138Rulea orCourt; be may make auch appear&.-. either _ def..... cou..... or pri .. t.e proeec:utor underthe control .nd eupervilion 01 the ftac:al. The pe...miulon of the ftecaI ia not neceaeary (or the .ppe....ance of. private proeec:utor, althouih ifhe 10wiahee,the Raeal m.y diaallow participation ill the trial byhandlln. the cue pel'lOnally. (Catimbuhan, It a1.VI. Hon. Cruz. G.B. N... 61813-14, N~. 29, 1983)

11. Q. What Is the Law Student PNCta Rule?A. Rul. 138A allowa a law .tudent who baa completed

the third y.ar of the I couree to .ppear withoutcompenaation ill any dvil, criminal or .dminiatralion bafore .ny trial court, tribunal, board or omc-81'1 under the (oUowiDI conditiou:

"",,,'.AND JUDICIAL ETHICSBARREVJIWIR IN.......- .

eoroDed in a recognized law echool'a dbai.1) : ~w education program approved by the

Supreme Court.2) He appearl under the dired supervision 1114

control ora member of the Integrated Bar dul,accredited by the law.

3) The pleadinp, briefs, memoranda .... BiIbedby the supervising attomey .

62. Q. Is the law student subject to the standards of pro..... 1onaI conduct governing lawyers?

A. Yee, .. provided by Sec. 4 of Rule IS-A.

13. Q. WMt Is the IIUIIIty of the supervising lIttorney for.. 11u,. to provide adequate supervision to the stu-dent?

A. The IUperviaiDc attorney may be subjected to di8ci-plilwy proc:eedinp. (Sec. 4, Ibid.)

.... Q. ~certalnmemberaofthe INIrwho ......hiblted to prKtk:e.

A. The memben of the bar who are prohibited to prac-tice are the rollowing:L

2.

Judges. 01'

0fIiciala or employees of the superior courtl,01'

3. 0f6daJa or employees or the OfIice of the ~lidtor GeueraJ (Sec.36, Rule 138, Rulee of

BAR UYJEWEIlIN LBGALAND JUDICIAL mucsA- 'I'be aUorDe1to be appointed or uaignecl muat be QUlSTJON8ANDANSWU81N LBOAL miles 17

duI,JautborUed member oCtile bar. The ~ CIIQ..uleriDc the .... vity of tile otre~ and the diftleuIt,

without .ttorney, the court mUlt iDl'ormhim that Itof the qU8ItioDI that may ante, aball appoint ..COUDIIl_ o{;dD 0DlJ auch members of the bv ... Ie Ilia rlcht to ha..... attorDey Wen beiq ....." r.IIID oCtbeir aperieDce and ability, may in the ralined. The court muat uk him If' be cIeeine theCDW'fI opiDion, adequately cleteDd the aceued.

&\It 1tI\'1I1I"EB IN LllGALAND ,lVDIClAL B'I1IICS QUES'nONS AND ANSWERS 1MUGAI. E11IlC8 ..., Ihe ScDcl. GenInI ,.."...nt pubUc ora. 77. a. IIay a dlent dJamlss his attorney .a any time or74- a.WI who .. c:hIrged ICC'lItc1ln a crtmiMi caa.. 8UbstIba In hla pIKe even without C8UH1.. Ihe preIIrnIMrY InveStigation stage. or the A. Yee, it ia the richt oIa clieDt to dilmiM" cli.ecbarptrial? bia lawyer 01' lubetitute aDOtber ill hla place. (Sec.

A. The SoIiciIar GeDeral ia DOt authorized to rep~ 26, Rule 138, Rulea 01Court). The richt oIa c:IieDt public oIficiaIat aD1 ataae of a crimiDal cue. 'l'be to diac:harp bia attomey iDcluciea the richt to makenilinc ill preY10Ul caaee (AntiGraft ~ aDd a cbaDp or aubetitutiOD oIattomeya at aDl atap 01Ganido) were abaDcIoned. There could be. COIaOic& the proceeclinp either with 01' without caue. (701 iIlterat if the SolicitoOr Geoeral defends the .. C..r.8. 950). In aucb a C&N, however, the attomeycuaecI at preIimiDary IDYeltiptioa but wbeo the C':aIe mUll eecure to him the rea he baa aIreacI, eameclaocI to which he ia richtfu11y entitJeci. (6 Am.. Jur.ia filed illCourt. aM the public official ia conYicted, 248).the SaIicit.or GeDeral mllltappear for the People ~the PbiJippiDllaM repneent the proeec:utioa. AIao, 7L Q. Plaintiff was represented by Atty. A. WIthout Atty.the accuaecI public oft5cial ia c:barpcl illbia PriYate A having filed a withdrawal, Atty. B filed ancapedtJ. (See UrbaDD .... Chaves. 183 SCRA 347). '"Appearance and ManlfHtatJonlOon July 17,1984

and thereafter all pleadings and court onIefswere75- Q. While Ihe c:aae II pending before the court. mar furnished by Atty. B. The decision In the case was

an domey be allowed to retire at any time or II Htved first on Atty. A. and one month Jater on Any.any stage 0I1he proceeding. even without the B. For purposes of computing the appeal period.consent 01his dlent? which daW of receipt would be conlloillng - that

A. No, aD altorDeJ mal DOt retire &om aD actiOD aron Atty. A. or Atty. B1

8peCial pra oeedinp, without the colUleDt or bia eli- A. The controlling elate wouIci be the receipt 01the cle-eDt, aDIea the court. on notice to the client ancI at- c:iaion by the new lawyer because oIthe dm'IMfP"O'tomey, and 011 heariuc, c1etermine that he ought to that all previous orelera ancI pleaclinp were aIreacI,be allowed to retire. (Sec. 26, Rule 138, Rulee 01 leJ'Veci on the new lawyer although there was 110Court). .peciftc withclrawal by oriJiDal CIOUDIeL(See DoIorea

cIeMesa Abaci ft. Cesar cIe Mesa 'Ibpacio, G.R. No.71. a. S.... some grounds lawyer may validly wtthcIrII L-42226, July 9, 1985)

counaaI for his dlent. 71. a. Ia lawyer obliged to accept every c:aae pr... ntedA. ~ ~ YaIidly withdraw u coUDlel upon: (1) tohlm1

. inaiat.euce to foUow an wijuat or immoral A. Jt. a pneral rule, 110 lawyer IeobUpcI to act eithercoarae ID the concIuct olbia cue; (2) client'. perm&- u adviaer or advocate Cor eve!)' penon who malIDCIOft!' att.orDetl objections, to preeent rmoIoua wish to become his client whereID he baa a1reacIy~1DIeL (Canon 44, Canons or Profeuional Etb- cI... lineci (See CaDCIII31, CPE).ICIJ); (3) where the client c:onducta bim~lt.Del' teucling to cIepacte bia Ie m a maD- 10. a. The decl.lon of the Court of Appeals comtctIng276 MOo397); (4) when' attorney (State ... Berch. the ac:cuaecIwas Htved on counaeI oflhe KCClledma, be caIIecI itbec:omea apparent that be

who had at that time been 6ppoInted - provIndaIProfeaionaJ E:~;ntDeaa. (Canon 19, Cancma tI

",,"'.ANJ)JUDICIAL mucsBARRlVJEWt'.R DI......-

nsc.I ".. Court fAAppt'" ... not Informed 01..... ;.,.,...tmlnt. Ace"::.:r-Coultu.;;:v.IId""'He~ ... ~ of the...,...Ihould hIvt .... ,_... .IMnt. .. the cIIIm 1t.... 1

A. N Notice 10ClDUneei til record. IIWII if' he h.d II-~y been .ppolntrd provlndll ftKaI Ia ~id ...eau .. there .. no .. lid IUbititution. Thillhouidbe dblU.iMed &olD Aquino ... Blanco (79 PhiL1411,WMre the ....... whether the right vi ..CUd to 'ppMl .. IoIt when the diIloa wUIenedon coullMl oIret'Ont who 1IIcl.1....ty been appointed... 1.lInt ftKIJ. In Aquino. the eue wu aiU witht)w tri.1 court .nd COUDIII.ppointH u ftIca) of tile101M provlncoe 10 tIIIt the trial t'Ourt Mould hi..known .bout tM .ppoIntlMnt. Here. the Court 01AI,pnl.ln Manilacould not be npet1eci to be awareor the .ppointmfnt 01the "alln Iloilo. (Puiflcarva. Court or AppMlI. 126 SCRA 118),

11. Q. M.~. Spanlanlltwok. tilt Treaty of Ac:IidtmlcDee'" and Eatrdte of Profualons between thePhlllpplntt IftcIIplin toMeurt _mls.1on to tiltPhilippine ... without .xamlnlltlon? The """provldea for NCIprocItr In tilt ....... of thepro-...... br cIIInnt of each country.

A. No. betaue: t.) Onty FUipiDo dti&e. IDa,)' be adIDitwd to the PbilippiM bu: tb) Tbe Executive 0.putIDfIlt ~ DOt ~ upon the COftItitutioDllPftI'OPtive ollt.. Supmae Court to promulpteN_ vI.,...uc. - .... ;._ to the bar by en~qinto"" tnoet_IDd(e).Spaniud ~ tab.... oathvl~totht Pbilippm. ~~andto tQppOrt the PbiIi c..ututioa. whkh iI'~te i to the bar. (So. In re:~ Bar )bt_No. 3&3.Oct. I.1986. two-IuUun &'It Bur olthe ~ Court)

12.Q.

QUI!S110NS AND ANSWERSIH Uf'oAL mllca f.A. Tbe requilitee .... the following:

I. 'l'Mre mull alwa,. be Rled a written applica.tion ror IUbelltution;

I. 'l'Mre mull alwa,. be filed written conant 01the client to the IlUIMtUtution;

I. Tbere mu" be nled the written conRnt of'the.tlDrMy to be IUIMtUtuWd.if aum conRnt canbe .. lMd;

... In e... luch wrlll .... con... nt cannot be pro-cunod. tfM..... mu.t be nled with the applicationror .ubatltutlon proof' oCtoo Ill" vice or notice of''lK'h motion in th. manner I"t'qulrecl by theNIH on the attorney to bco lubatltutod. (U.S.ft. Rcmomeo.20 Phil. 189; In re: Clemente M.&nano.O.R. No. L-24tJ4. Juno 30. 1970).

Atty. X f.11ecl1Otil notlc. of ch.nge of .ddr with the Court of Appe.l Ithough hi. new .ct-d,... .ppea,. In .ome pl dlng. A reault, no-lice to tile lwIef w.... nt to .... old .ddre . Nobrief hlvlnt bMn tiled, the ..,.,..1 w dl.ml ed... the flilurelO II". notice of naw eddre cu ..able negligence?

A. No. La.,.re cannot prNume thal eGurli wall takeeoplu~ violher add...- in hili pI...dinp.Thenew .dd ..... doee not .upened. tha addl'Ml onrecorcl. Counael ~ plHd ror bberalilyl'or theIailure to ale brief' wu d_ to hie own doiJ1l. CPhil.Suburban DeY. Corporation ... Court viAppNla, etaI.)

13. Q.

.... Q.

8Al1IVIIWII1N LBOALAHD.JUDICIALmllC8

A. -In the tonnatioD or partntl'lhipl (or the PI'IIdice fllaw, DO penon ahoUld be admitted or held out ...pncUtioMr or member who " not a member ottbe1epI proCeIIloD dul1 authoriaed to praetiee, IIId...... hIe .. proe_""" dllcipllne. PartnerabiPlbetw .... lawyen and membert 01other proC....... aaa-prore.ioUI penoDi thould not be (ormed orpenaiUeclw"" aD'1 pert oCthe partDerahip' ....pIoymea& coaeh'. oIthe practic:o oIlaw. (CIDOD 33,CliDODl 01ProC_oaal EthIca).

KQ.

,.. ",., are:1. 'lbobaerIe and maintain the reapect due to the

oourta oIjuaUce andjudlcial omcen (Sec. 2O(blRule 139, Rulea o(Court; Monteci1lo VI. Gica,L-368OO, October 21,1974; F.randoa VI. Re,yea,May 30, 1975, 84 SCRA 170);

2. 'lb emplO1lUch meaaa only u are conaiateotwith truth Md honor, Md never aeek to au..Iud the jucIp or any judicial ofIicer by an Uftce or ,.... atatement o( (act or law (Sec.2O(~J.1lHd.:CIDon 22, CanoDi O(ProfeuioDalBtU:.; Albert va. CPI, I,.26364 May 29 1-SCRAIN8); ., .......

a. 'lb reIrain from aertiDt pereooal influence OIlthe court (CIDOD a CanoR of Pro" . __IEthica); ,-- lea8IODai

4. To ~rrain&om D.W.paper dilCUUioaa ofpeDCIIDIoranticipated cuu, and from a::;:);ltalMDeDta 011 JI8ftCIina cuee (Canon 20,

I. To netiI1 hud ADddeception when he dIacoY-.. tha~ the IIIDe hu been pra .... -~ --L'..L.... wvUlt11 impoaed "-.-a, WIUQI(Cuoa 41 n..,..1 UPOD the court 01' partJ

, .... u.);

QUI8TIONS ANDANSWERSIN LIOAL ETHICS 41

e. To be punctual In aUendance. and to be COD-ciae and dlnct In the trial ucI cliapoeitionofau.... (Canon 2,lbUI.)

May a lawyer refuM to undeftab .... de....... 01.person eccUMd of a ClIme when he .. podM tNt.... person .. guilty 01.... ofIenM charged? Ree-10ft. (1878 Bar)

A. It II the dutJ of a lawyer to undertake the clef'enaeofa perIOD accuaed ofa crime, ~ofbia ~aonal opin1oD u to the pilt of the IICCU88CI; otJa.wile, bmoceDt pel"lODl, W:tbaa oal7 of .......dmuDltancea, mlPt be deDied proper dar......(CanODNo. a, Canona of Plot..ionaJ EtbIa). IDconcIuctinI the clef"enIe, t.v.e ... , the Ia.,.. .. bouDdby all (air and honorable meana. to preeent "'1'1dor.1lH that the law pennita, to the eDd that DOpenon may be deprived orur. or liberty without dueproceu of law. (1..m.. va. Luderaa,Adm. CueNo.1919, March 30, 1979; CIDOD 6, CIDODI of Prof ...lIonal EthiCl: Sec. 2O(i), Rule 138, Reviled Rul .. ofCourt).

..Q.

17. Q. What are the different tasks performed by a ....yer for the cHant?

A. The different tub performed by e Ia~ are:1) Advocate in open coun I2) DniIner of framework for c:oOaboratift etrGrt.

by preparina charte ... and CICIIltncta

3) Guardian of due proceae.4) Civic and coaunUDity leader

II. Q. How .. the obllgdons of a a.wyer c:lnslllecl?A. .) Fiduciary oblipUon

b) Th. obUpUon ofloyaltyc) ObUption to render competent 1erW:e

LEGALANDJlIDICIAL milesBAR II\'1IW1R IN

. obIiPtioD COftn the non~'I'be fidudaJ1 and confidence and ~ obIi.

IUI'I fA dWn'" _,.etIobJiptioD oC1oyaIty PI'Ohihit.p- fAioyaIl1- ~QtinI conflictinc interest.. 0.-ala.,..hID ftjIi obliptiIIID is with ~.. peel fA the 6d~ dieD'" propertJ. The Ie":biI obIipdoD. to _,_..Il_ oChia ....-.1_ .

prohibited hID the CIO-.......... '--. PIi-~te tuDda. ... the fuDcIa fA hie ~~ ~e it ....prohibited Crom bu1iftl pevpert11D IittpUoo..

What Ie the tffKt of acquIbIln crimi C8It 01It. Q. a...,., InadIabaImIf'I pIOCMdlng aga t ......l

RHIOftoA Acqul,te) fA a lawyer in a criminal cue cloee DDt

D.c .... rIl1 foreclo .. eli.barmen' Proc.edi .....,.1"" him; for \M ....nda .. of \he legalPJ'Qf ..lion are not .. ulfted by eonduct which merely ...bl.. on. to .... ,. lM penalu .. olth. penal law. (Inre: Del Roeario, 62 Phil. 399; Royonc va. Obleaa,Adm. Cue No. 378. April 30. 1963)

10. Q. GIve .. exampleof the lOCI.. rnpon.lbHIty of ...,.A A lawyer who undertake. to6le actiona incourt "

the purpoee fl cIef"UDC a flDaI executory judgmeatapiut hie dieDt Ibowa cU.eprd oI'hia duty to ..ciety. 'J1... wllRe hie clieo' ia to be ejec:ted by ..tue flthe ftnaI aecutorJ juclcmentol'the city CIOUIt.the .. .,.. me. u ectioD to annul the 1brrena TitlefIl the plaiDtifti bowiDc that the cue is withou\merit. 'fiola_ hie rtspoDeIbility to eociety .. awhole. A .. .,.. II du\Jboaad to adviee his c:lieDtIon the mente fila C8Ie .. lack of aucb meriL Hitd~ty to the.~t ud the CIOUrt is paramount withbiI nlponlibibty to IOCiety .. a whole _ the aoc:Wdimenaioo or the "w prof'eaioD. It is the duty fl~I to JII'OIDOte ud enhuc:e objectives and poli-dee III the 1OC'iet.y in whieh he Hvea. This indudel I:::""'ll~~~attine. (See Cantelang YL I

I

QUIS11ON8ANDANSWUS INUQAL mnca ..

11. Q. ............... right to cOilbol ... prectIce 01Iew?Whr?

A Y_ 'I1w pnctice oI'''w .. a matter' all'ected with apublic interNt, eouequ.no, the State baa the rIahtand duty to ftIIU"te and control the pnctice of"wto the end that the public _Ir....Ie .. rwd and pro-mcUI. (1(8111 ft. Boyne. &3 ALR. 273>-

IZ. Go What aN ... queIHIcetIone for admIalon to 1Mbar?

A Eve., .pplicant for adm'-ion to the bar:1. muat be ..... I.nt oI'the Philippine.;I. lDuat be a dUaen fIl the Pbillpplnee;a. IDU.& be .t ....t 21 Je.n olapi4. lDuat produce WON the Sup,..ma Court .. u.-

rac10ry evidence of IQCICl moral chander;I. mu.t lucce .. lUlly colDpl.&. .11 p,..crlbed

cou ....... nd.. that no cha,.. aplnat him inwlviDI moral

turpitucM. have heeD flied or are pendinelD8111 CIOUrt lDthe PhllipplneL (Sec. 2.Rule 138.Rulea fIl Court.)

IS. Go May alewyer be allowed to""" from ... pr8CtIca01 lew while f8c:tnt contempt cMrgH befoN ...Court? ReMon. (1171 Bar)

A No.A PnctWnc .. ."... and oIIlcer of the CIOUrt rac-ine conwmpt proceedinp cannot juat be allowed tow1untarily retire from the practice vi .... beca ....auch act would render nuptory the lDherea& powwvi the CIOUrt to puniah him ror contempt iD clereneeof ite InWpit1 and honor. (Mont.edllo ft. Gka, ...36800, Odober 21. 1974.60 SCRA 234),

M. Q. State 1M Attorney'. Oath.A.. "1._ _..__ _ _ do.,Jemnly..., that

I will maintain .1Iegiance to the .publlc 01&h.

...... I_Al'fD.nIDICIAL mDcaIAIl11'diWIIIII-

'. IwiIl ... pport aDd defenel ita Conetit.. Pbill:::'&be 1a.. 11wen u the lepl orcleract:: duIJ .,ti\Utecl lutboriU.. therein; I Will citDO fallehoml, _CDII""'- to the cIoiDI 01any iD CDurt;I wiD DOl wtUiDII1 DIll'wiJlinII1 promote or .... ..,...... _ ,..... unlawfW auJt. or "ve aid ..10 m& tod.. 1wiD ~cIe..,1Il111W1'1 __... ..., wiD concluct m,.u- II.Ia.,.. 8ICICIIIdiDI to the belt 011117 bowledp ..&cn&ioa. with aU p4 ftcIeUtJ u wen u to tileeow1a II to ., clieD&I;and IIm..- upon IIlJltlrthilwoIuDl.II7 obliptioD without aD,JlDeDtal ............ pwpGII 01...... So belp Me Gocl.. (AI._d.d ." .... utioa .. ted Oct. 26, 1979, II8CRA16,

H. Q. Howcld ~orIginIII.,

A. The orfciDated with the ICtivitiee ofAbrabamGmer 0I1WWttan. New York. In 1907, Gamer......... aNew Yed law finn to act u ita ...illllllicitilc reIIiDer ....... ta from ICCicleat ...... o.ta. .... baDe II'OWMl police beadquar-ten .... witIa the eoopentiaa oIa clerk iD the potiee...,.,__...w iDpttiq a clail,J1iat of aai-... Yictiaa Gamer, who not a lawyer, .....taaIIJ III ap 24-IIoar ,law oftlce iD partner-ebip with a ...,.,. In the aarI, twenti ... Gatner... W DIt )ll'G6tol'l86,OOO.OO 011 a IrolulS4OO,OOO.OO.Be "'eaavided offraucl iD 1928.--- allrWjIiJ Iena. ..,.. Lawyer iDMoclen:t:s~~ Finman ScbDe,er, SeaIDd

..

"'Q.

.,.-nmenlltc:eue. to be public..mo. whea the Ia..yerlDiale.dl, .u.torta or obfuac:at.ee; wbere the law.)'W obavucta the channela of collaborative efFort;wbere be HIke petty .dvantapa to the detrimeDtof'the iarprpraca ... lDwhich hepuiidpet-. (See44 American Bar Auod.tioD Joumall169, 1968'

17. Q. Deftne good moral charKter which .. a ......ment for Idml .. 1on to the bar.

I&. Whil. It hu been beld that the tenD ia itae1lambltuoUl and may be defined in an almoR unlimitedDumber of wa)'l (See Konipbera va. &ate Bar, 363U.8. 252, 263), the .uthoritiee .ppear to deftne 'aoodmoral character' in lerma 0( an at.ence of' provenacta or conducta conaidered .. manifeetatiou of'moral turpitude. Moral turpitude lD tum ia deftned_ &hat conduct which ia conb'ary to jwdice. b0G-_, or community moralltandarda. TbUl peraoaawho were convic:tecloCviolaUonaofthe Election Law,or p..... nled fal .. certificate8, or concealed thependency or c:riminal cuee apinst him were COD-eidered u lacking good moral chanc:ter. (See ID Ie:F1oreDtino, GA No. 19101; In Ie: ('.. I.... 66 SCRA246).

.... Q. May a law partnerahlp continue to use the name of ac.IHd partner?

I&. No, becauae: (1) it ia prohibited by ArL. 1815 of \heCiYD Cod. on partDenbip which provida that aftrm'. name mutt be only &hat of'liviDc partDen; (2)the riPt to practice law ia a hichJy penonal apecialprivIlep; (3) The UMof'l deceaMd partoer'a namewiD work deception on the public. (See ID re: Sydp.Sall'.r, etc., 92 SCRA 1).

II. Q. WhIt II the l.gII blsls of a .a.,.,'1 right toclemend payment for his .. ",Iea?

I&. The richt of a lawyer to demand peymeDt (or hieeerviceI depen" 011 the r.ct 01employment. Tbere

LEGALNCD JUDICIAL ETHICS... BARUVlEWIR IN QUESI'ION8AND ANSWERS IN LEGAL mBca ..rJ elDployment. However, Do ror.

IDUil be a ('OII.~ry (7 C.J.S. 1041). It .. ,_ 1eM. Q. DefI". Quantum MeruIt.mal ('OIItraet.. .ed The lawyer cannot reco,,,esp ..... or ilD:!:.'- whodid not employ him nor A- Quantum Meruit, literaDy means .. much .. hecom~~ eID.,aoyment. 00 matter, how valuable merited. In determining attorneya Ceee, it mean.a~ his ael'Yicelmay have been to ._. that the attorney will be paid Corhie _rvicea .. much.. he should deeerve, when the aemca are prema-the Orwinc .. (;hkaaO. 90 ALR 258). lurely terminated by the act 01either oIthe partiee,penoa.(

or by reuon of death, disability or opentioD oIJaw,100. a. Define c:ontingIftt .... considering the importance oC the subject matter 01

A- ~ tee is ODe depending on the 8UCCeIa., the coDtroversy. the esteDt oCthe aervica reDdered.the iti. ieeI t.o be per(ormed. (7 C.J.s. 1062). aDd the professional atandinc 01the lawyer. (JaymeYS. Bualan, 58 Phil. 422).

t01. a. Define contingent ... contract. 1Os. Q. (A' In the absence of a written COi.bKt betwl.nA- CoatinpDt fee cootract isa bilatenJ, entire ..... .nomey and client. what r.ctors .. to be con-

meat. .,eculative iD oature, providilll CorCIIIIdi- .ldered In determining the amount of .nor-tioDaI ODIIIpeDI8tioa rJan att.omey. (7 C.J.s. 1062). nay'. ,...? (1_ Bar)

GIve .... distinction bltwMn contlng.nt fee con- (B'What .laments are...".,.ny to be consIdaNd

102. a. In fixing rea.onab .. compenutJon for IIpItrac:IS and champIItoUS contracts. service. rendered on the .... Is of quantum

A- 'l'heJare: meruit? (1_Bar)

1. ID a cbampertoua contract, the attorney ....(C) Whet are the c:rItarIa In .......... the ,...

sonabl. amount thet may be aw.rded .. at-dertabs to bear aU expenaea incident to the torney's ,...? Give et .... t saven radon.UtiptioD. This is not true in contingeDt ... (1170 Bar'CIIIDtnda.

2. Owapertous hiare payable only inkincI, ou&(0) Ifthe Court decides that the counsel of a pMy

to a case may recover attorney's .... on ....01 the properti. recovered; whereas, coatiJt. ba.'s of "quantum meruit, what does .... or-pat r.. 1Da1be paid iD cub. dar of the court m.an? (1171 Bar)

3. Champertoua CODtract. are yoid .. &piDII (E' Whet factors must be c:onaIdaNd by the cowtpublic poIiq and the ethics of the prof'-- In determining attorney .. "" In the aIIllnce.menu, CDDtincentree contracts are VIIi4l of a written contract? (1172 Bar)(Canou of'Profeulonel Ethlca, 42). (F) What are the factors that should be con.leI-

103. Q. liar a clint .... hIIf of .... property to hi.~ Ired In determining the 8mOUnt to be awardedbJ war of COIiIIt ......... 1 .. attorney'. ,...? (11n ..."

A- ~ .:.......... DOtbinc. wrona In the client', Jiving hallA- The Cactora, in determiDiD, the amouDt &0 be

awarded as attorney'. reel on a quantum meruit are:ree.:tt1t.o hia lawyer by way of continlfnt 1. The Importance of the IUbject matter 01 the... Court 01~lled In thil Jwiadiction. (LaiC controversy;1,.26882, November 21, 1918).

10

..

101. Q.

QUI8'I'ION8AND AN8W&R81N LEOALmllC8 .18mOUnt of compeMetIon for the ..",1eM to be,.ncIered by AItJ. 8. Before a full-blown trtel couldbe heel, lpouen A and the complalnenl decidedto....., Into a compromlM eg,..",.na. Decide Oftthe emount of ettomey' ......

A. ".. reuonableneae GItha a_nt GlaUome1'."_awarded to AU,. B Ihould be properly puaed aDthe hula 01the Joq8tandln, rule qlMllllum mmdl.When a lawyer la employecl without qreelDd& ..to the amount to be paid (or hi ..mcea, the ClDUIUaIlaU Ilx the amount on qlMllllum mnuU bala. Inauch a cue he would be enutJed to r.c:M" what he.. ariU (or bl. ""lea. (Elnor. a. Cortea andEdmundo CorteI va. CA and '.Ib M01., O.a. No.122772, Jantw'J 13, 20(3)

107. Q. Deft.,. Retal".,.A. Retainer la the let or. client by whkb he empJoy.

aD atL0rDe7to mana,. (or him a Que to which heia pany, or otherwI.Ie to adYiae him .. counaeL (1C.J.S., 846; Saulabury va.American VuJcanbed~InCo., 91 A. 636). It la aJao ued to cIenot.e the r..which the client pay. hia aUIn'neJ when he rwtal,..him, thet la the retain,", r.. (Pickena Co .... 'J'bo..... 21 A.L.R. 1428; 7 C..J.8846).

101. Q. Wh8t conetltutee Ntal.,.,..., What determI,... No... .,., or When Ie there retalnet1

A- la pneraI, the relation 0( attorDeJ' .nd dint ia maUer 01eontnct, and pneral ruM .. to the IIJak.."" 01. am\nct peril In d.t.milni", whether orDOlthe nlatJoD baa been created (7 C.J.8., 843,.Such relation cannot be created by the aUorlM7alone, or by the IttmneJ and a t.hircI per8(ID whobaa noauthority to act. f8charlan va.Lumbard St.t.eBank. 278 111.App. 6(4).

101. Q. Enumet... the klndaof rNJ.,.,. 8nd...,.NCh.A. ",.,. are two Ilind. of ret.1,..rr.

BAa.,uwll DC LJGAI.A.~JUI)ICIAL macaL c;,rwral RtCai"'" which ha" for their ob,iett

die IICUriDI be(orehaDcl 01the .mcee of lputicular attorDI1 or coun.lor Corany e-..-r that.., Ifterward arlee; they have Don(enDI:II to U1puticWu eervice, but tabiD tbe wbole ran,. or po ible rut ....ClIIIlteDUoD which .., render attol'DeJlbipWi !I ., II'deairable; CIOUDleI thua retainedII DOt .t libert, to accept employment orreocler .. me. advenary to the Intereat Itdie cliftt ntaiDiDI him. (Acne- va. Waldell,,So. 672),

2. Spialll&Jinnwbich bu reCeNace to a,....ticWar cue, II'to _ particular Mrvk:e; it,h0w-ever,UDpoIII oblipUona,pro IuJc vice. equan,biMini with thote enjoined by a pnerlll ftotainer; It rorbids the .cceptance of advenar,employment..or the performance oC advenl17_meet. (Acnew 'VI. Walden upro.)

110. Q. AItomty G'. contrlCt with hi. client .tlpu'-ledp.rment of twentr percent of the claim plUi seA'or the rtpre.entltlon .nd ml.eellaneou ,pen.... Coun.. 1filed the compl.lnt for dam-gee.had def.neI.nll declared In d.f.ult and .ecured Iwrtt of Ittachmtnt. LIter heWI. dl.ml ... d by hi.client few .lay Inthe deliveryof the oheck. rtprto.. ntl", the ""'11IIed tmount. Ie he entitled to fullpayment of !he Itlputlled .... ?

A. No. Nothl"lln the fail 10 "r appoara eompllcat141 I:.~ :: "'reord1na'llldll wa. n""Pd for the .U"'"lUrebeIImImpliah what lui had dono In tho ca" "" ,mlnlna=t~"n:nattICI. ""ere Wa. no way ofdtltol" JlWOY9r ., .:.: hh. mlK'hthe peUUlInera Wtluld\}\II\I. On the tlMla tht, ""uld oven I'eC'Uvor.nY"til elltltlt!Cl to IIhb r~41111,,,,,,,,, .... ,..,11. tho ('0\1"'"or 1'3".&00.00. \H.. ,1.100.00l",a..d ohM an'IlUII'.,.11."('041\11\ 141"'!':"'''- ve. 1I"",.",,,II.t8 At 1

~.V\ ttl)

111. Q. The ells.,.. between I union lnell benk on thetenna of I collective bergalnlng eg.... ment weeelevated to the OftIee o' the Pre.ldent. Atty. S ....I.ted the union during the negotiation .. After theorne:. of the President directed execution of thecollective bergalnlng agreement. Atty. S filed anotice of ettomey'. lien and _ed that the benkbe clrected to pay him ten P'ft*'I (10%) of themonetary nard of 14 million pnoa due the .....ploy.... or over I million pe.o The benk de-murred. Th. OftIce of the Pre.ld.nt granted theIpplleltlon of Atty. Sind ordered the bank to Plythe ten percent mlnu. the Imount corre.pondlngto the tum due from protecting union members.BuIa of Atty. S delm .. Art. 111of the Labor Codeend Sec. 11 of the implementing Rules which II-low ettomey' ..... not exceeding ten percent (10%)tn 1"1Judlelll Idmlnl.trdv. proceeding. for ,..coV8fY of Wlge On the other hanel, the grant of.ttomey'. fe I. qu tloned under Art. 222 ofthe Labor Cod., no Ittom.y'. f.e. In collectivebargllnlng negotiation' mlY be Impond on Indl-vlduel membera. but .ald mlY be charged",aln.t IIfJIon tuna. The ueWI. llao pond onWhether the OftIce of the President had Jurlldk>lion to grant the Ippllcetlon.

A. While Atty. 8 I. enUtled to hi. foo., II.ahould nol. bepaid from I.he monetary oon"n ... to be rocolved byI.he employooa ... o ruult of tho Collectiye BarKaln.llll Ail'tlOmont. but ahould be paid from union fund AIlIo. tho Omce of tho ProMldllnt hu no jurildi~onto acijudlcato tho fNle of Atty. 8 .. the cue w .. an,pP".1 with ",apoet to CnA terma. (See raclnoU.n"lnar CorporftUon 'VI. lion. Clave, 01. .t.G.R. No.661K1G,M.rch ". "",4 I.

112. Q. When doe ttorney and cUent relation, hlp begin?A. The ....1.Uun oIattornoy and ell..nt eommo,.....,. from

th. d.,..or tho omlllu),ln"nt ..hh. aU",,",y; tb"t I..from U,e Um .,l\tIn UIO qntCIln"nt 01' Clmtract by

It.~&Im~BnD~ --~~-------------------------------------- _uallViEWr.aIll""_

wbida the atJ#tDIII1 II .-jned baa been CiODIua.J.... (DeDueI" ~ et.c.. B. fAa.. "A.20n

.. the plYllllni cI .... 111.llment oIlttorney.cs.

.... l'IIItIonIhIp?A. No the paymeDt of're. isnot. necessary elemea&

of'tbenJatiGD of'attGI.., and client (7 C.J.8., _'11Ie nlation IDA1 aiat 8ftD tbouah third ....,.,. CII' II to paJ Car the attorneY. lemc:ea (U.s.B,.ett ....AlphaPortlud CemeDt Co., 225 r.93~CII' twIl thouP IUCh .me. an rendereel bJ lilaattorDeJ gratui~ (Pacbrd 91. Delfel, 38 P. 208).

111 Q.

114. Q. Give .nd define the IdncIs of LIens.A. '11Ie kiDda ollieu an:

1. RetamiJtc LieD - II the npt oranatt.orDlJ ..retain poelulion of a client'. documentl.1IIOIIeJ. CII' other propa t, which COmel into dieIwuIa II the altcIrDeJ pro(euicmally, until."neral bal.nce due him Cor profeuional..,..IceI IIpaW. (7C..J.B.. nan,

2. ChUJiq Lien - II the equitable right of'.attomey to hae ..... and coeta due him SIr..mc. ill a PIl'ticaIu Ait eecured ." tillJuduIIDeDt CII' reQha) in .uch suit. (7 C..JAG).

111. Q.

Ql!ES11ONSANDANSWiICS IN LBGALmucs _

111. Q. Ally. x. IIIwyw 01 I8bor union 01 ,... end fileemploye .. aue cuded In the negotiation 01. coloIK1Ive ~.....,.m for the ,... end ....~ bJWIue oIwh1ch .... " Incruse ..received .., the rMll and til. employHL At theume lime the employer granted ...." Increas.to .upeMsory empIoyMs who were not memberaof the union. Atty. X now ... Ita to coI1ec:t from theIIOIHInlon aupervIaory employee. attomey's,...for ...... Incruse In .... rtn. .. he .ntltled to such,...1

A. No. 'I1le inc:nue ill ular7 otaon-uniOD au~employee. cIoes DOt bJ 'rirtue or coDedift hupiD-iDg agreement entitle this apecialefJ'ort or a lawyerbut it is a policy of conoeuion oCtile empJo,er (SeeManila Electric Company 91. Garian. 97 SCRA 8C;Pueual91. em. 88 SCRA 645).

117. Q. DefIne DIsNrmenL

A. Diabarment II the act ot the Court inwithdrawiDcfrom an attorDey the ,;pt to pnctiee Jaw. (BJ.ck'.Law Dictiooary. 375). It II a quui-ft11UDa17 ~......tin, instituted and proeec:utecl before an appr0-priate court Car the purpoee of depririn.c an ~DeY olhillioenee to practice his profeAioD bJ rea-IOD ollOlDe miacoaduct. (BeDantiae Law ~11'7.P.379).

111. Q. Define Suspension.

A. Suapeuioa II the act ol the Court prubjhitinc IIIattorDef (rom pnct;iciac law fDr a CfttaiD _&nit.periocl

121. Q. GIve IN fIIIonIlttor making chbanMnt proceed-.... pttvlttlnCl confIdIntiII.

A. DiIbarmtont pr"OCft'dll\P ahall .,. private and CODfi._ntW iD ordtr to .nabl. the Supreme C~ make ita iDYfStigatioD rrt. rrom any l'xtI'IlnfOUS it-IIIWDCeoriDt.rffl'ftX'e. u weD .. to protect tilt ptf'.... aDd pro(Naioull"fP'ltatioD olattorMY'-1Judctw fram &ht '-""-cbarp.ol disgnmtlfd. .,..didi"" ancl arrHpoG&ibW dil'nu and litipnta. ,IIN:~ 57 Phil. 668; Santiago va. Calvo. 441Pbil. '19"

122. Q. EnunwMeItle I&atuIory grounds for whic:t. .... t,. .., be 'UlPtnclecl or cIisbIrred. I

A. -._ i=statuto.), 1I'OUnda" SUSpmsioo or di..~ U ~it;I) 111.1--,- _L I

~~. or otbtr croq misconduct ill"" f

S) GIUIa!y Unlbora) ronduct;.) ('OC\\i(tjOQ of . _

h_; I tn11M' in\l\h;nc moralllA.,-

&) 'lOlataoo or oe,L ~I' '" ... otrk"t';

.. ---_._. - --------

,. ""allfuI d~ olUI1 lawf1d order '" aapl'rior court;

71 CnIp( or willfuJ a~ .. aD aUorDeJfOr a partl to a cue without authority to do ...(Sec_ 27, Rule 158.Ru~ olCGWl)..

121 Q. CiIt ..... ICMwhen. lawyer" Nid 10be obA'ud-... theldINnIstraIIon of justice

A. InIIta.w. oloItnxtioa are:II Mine the COIIIplainm, wi .... _ to appNl'

10 lIw ('UI' ean b. d~21 "-kin, ('Ii.nl to pl d pitt, .tw. lawyer

k...,.... ('llt'nt ia iMlX"l'nt;3, AdYllIIne a ditonl to ...ctIpt";., Empkt)'ln, dil.tory lMtj($ to CruArac. _ ..

factIOn 01(karl, frivul"", ('UN OIl appnla;6, Falu'C lDuhipko pt'lIWIM or cvmplaia\a lor

ea .... lIwIt hu bPcon I"Y~ "'Jl'dI'd ID1M,.... np.ctaUon 01"''''01 r.worabIt ectaaIL1St. r..opa. .. JardIn, 1:!4 Sl'ft..\ 161. nuncAn-Jo' ........ EtluC'."

124. Q. ..., the eoIIcbUon 01 CaMe .. law tor the ....poM 01 ....... penonelly or Ihrough ,..... or ......,.. be IUfftc*" UUM tar __... 110ft or chbanMnt?

A. YM. a..r. ucIa ad CONlIlulft ID&I~ ..cArr lIw Ru 01Court. ,~_ 21, Rw. 1 ).

125. Q. The IoIIowlng notice ..,.,.... In the ~,... 01 lIanIIa ~ tar ...... cir'cut.160ft:

NARUSU DIVORCIJohft W\UYma

Alllwyerin ~ .................... _NARUSU dNorW 'Mil," the ~ ....... offtce hourw IIondIr Itw ,.....,.

'. '

" .. rnICIALETHICS. LJ(lALAND "u"BAIlREVJBWBRiN

CE CASES, OBTAINABlt, SUCHDIVOR LIDWORLDWIDE,INVo 1-::; TWOweEK~N~~SU IF BOTHPARTIES ~~

., " NOTRA~L liOnsuch as adoption andI Otherlnfol"" rt. ~nd division of conJug~

. custodYand .uPPOIeel by the undersigned. -.;, l .... willbe .xpl. n

(Atty,)Jc~Bahay Cubo aida.

Ca11t,Tel. 10.,.,.

._,"

'I

"

, . '

h printed notice or ad, conatJtlllt, (a) DoeS 'UClbltadVertls.ment on the part ofAperml"

JCR?on.ld.rtng the general prohlb~Ion agalnlt

(b) C t t adVertl menti "touting, and the~ a;ons on laWY.r'sprivilege to "a

.'. I :II;ts, mayAtty.JCR be disciplined for., breach of profe lonalethlc.? (1987 Bar)

" \A. (a) The printed noti~ constitute. improper ado,

wrtisilll and IlOlicitationof Attorney JCR on t".counts:

On 1M flrtt count. the noUce advettiaee tbtskiU and connt'(tioD with a fortlip lawyer on ~tain type of .. rvice..

On the ..coad count. the It'Mce promote. ..PUt. dh'OlU whicllil not allowt'd under Philip.piMIa., It ateach marital stability which. law.1V is not auppoet'Cl to promote.

tb) y" AtlJ, JCR may be dieciplint'd tor.~h of pruCwaiooal ethics. Aside from hia iJa.,propel' lDIicitatien. Atly. JC'R trit'd to rep .... nt tillo.:aI diflltl that II. II illueociat.ion with a fimiglllaW)'V who isnat allowed 10prace law in the Phi).ippilles. (Dacau, .... Baker ad McKt'nai.. 136SCRA~).

QUESTJONSANDANSWERS IN LEGAL ETlDCS at

126. Q. In a civil action for annulment of a deed of HI.defendants p..... nted transcripts of ... tlmonl..tak.n In disbarment case ag.lnst one of the plain-tiffs, a member of the b.r. The lawyer-p .. lntlffmov.d to strike out .ald transcript on the groundthat dlsbarm.nt proceeding ..... confidential, .ndhi. moHon to .trlke out wa. granted by the trialcourt. I. thl. correct?

A. No. The attorney can waive the private and confi-dential character of the disbarment proceedings,which was done here when the attorney touched onthe same testimonies during the trial. Moreover, theintroduction of the transcript was for the purposeof impeachment. The right of a party to impeachthe credibility of adverse party iaa defense tool sanc-tioned by Seca. 115and 16 of the Rules of Court. (SeeVillalon, Jr. vs, Intermediate Appollate Coun, 144SCRA443)

127. Q. (A) May al.wyer be dlsb.,..d for caus otherthan those mentioned by law? (1967 Bar)

(B) Maya m.mber of the Bar be suspended or...mov.d on grounds other than tho. nu-m.r.t.d Inthe Rul.s of Court? Explain. (1872Bar)

(C) Maya I.wyer be disbarred for c.us .. oth.rthan thol. mentioned In ,he .ta'ute? Wh.n?(1877 Bar)

A. B, C. Yt'I, a lawyer may be au.pended or dlebamMlon QUlIN other than thllM mentionl'd in the ltat-ute. The statutory enumeration of the l"Oundl fOrdl.barmont or luaponaion la not to be talulft II llmitaUon on the pneral power of COUN to lutlpendor disbar a lawyer. The inherent power of the courtover ita offic.ra cannot be .... tric\ed. (Quinpa va.Puno. Adm.Cue No. 398.F"bruary 28, 1967)..Alaw-yer" mieconduc\, although not reI.ted to his prac:-tice. may COIIIIUtuteaumeieRt IJI"OUnd.fOr di8ba~mont \Royong va. Oblena, Adm.Cue No. 376,April

QUI8TION8ANDAN8WBRBIN LIOAL muce II.

A. Thl. contentioD II dlvold of mlrit becaUM hlloulnpoul unamapuloullJlOll ....-I. that he 11_a penon or aoocI moral eharac:t.el'.Ooocl eha ....... 11an tiaI qualUkaUon for adm_Ion to the bar.e,,_ o.ana. Adm. C... No. 1088. Dec. 29.1983; Are Mahlnanl. 106 SCRA 891: CaDODn. LepI &hlal).

130. Q. Lftr" C prepa..cl I mining~,.tlon oontrKtwhere II w....... to appear ......... lend weeowned by X end Ywhen In f.ot .. w.. owned by oorporltlon. M. "..ldent of the oorporltlon fliedforcIIebennenL C........ Ie ..,.. .... oo...,.ot ...negOClat.d by X end Y who .re brothera of M endthey benefited 10 th.t h. pll.ded for oompnllon.

A. a...,., C ""dIL, oIb11df.ILIaand ... uaP"ftCled torII. monlJul (MerlU VI. Caellnlndln, 121 fJCRA 2It8).

131. Q. Atty. "I." tiled MYlrIl oompl .. n Atty. Aincluding two de-b.,ment 0 which were IIId'.mllied. Thl oomplalntl we,. the product. of.... end the...,. for ,.".nge ..... thIe .......vIotMIon of ,,"11oRI1 ethlo.by Atty. "I.'"

A. AU,. L .hould be canllur.d tor ulnln. with theBupmMCourt. nd m.klnll ,.... ot .....judldal proc>_ .. In IrwIV"rnenh'",laIlIlU"n. (Lim VI. Antonio,1~ HeRA213'.

132. Q. Atty. XII charged with prof llonIllnoompeIenc.btUu.. hi pr.pe..cl d d of donIlIon mottI.e..,.. which laW w.. declared void by the COUftfor not having bien ... cuted In the form of I ....wIIIlRd ..... mlnt. Could thll be ground for d...bInMnt1

A. Pn,t... I,,,,al IncompoLonc:e II not a pound for d ..bermanLun_ auch lneompot.ence would be equl ...lent to InelCUMhll lporance or law. The diaCJno-Uon bet.... n a donation I,.,.,. ull10l and donationmDI1" CCI". IIa dlmeulL .., concept .. that the

L8(1ALANDJUDICIAL mllC8

BAIlUVJEWIIIN

. . or law with such distinction ....,unfamilianty are not expected to bo. tll-- aa ~~dro VI. Geraldez. 78 SCR.\la .... (See ~a -.10 98 SCRA 46).)(eDcIoza va. JR'n:au

_lKIation for murder Igllnst I ranking ......InlproltCM --.-Itl\eHrYlcelofRS~..,ofIIc* thllalW"'Pr- ~ trill....,. to whom the o~ In one ..their conferences dlldoled I plan to earnlor .saIv8ge. - Lt., kHI or otherwl .. caUlt It.... .,.,.11' - the only wItn I fellow milltlry ..ticer, thf'OUIIh I contrtved tratIIc or highway ~.. 1CCIdInLI) WhIt IN 'the IIgII and morel obI~( Atty. RS to hll clltnt Ind to the Ilutharlll ....

under 1M given clrcUrMtances?

(b) Should 1M pIInnId "accident" take ..... _the wltntSlH for the pro.ecutlon be ...... Imull, IsAtty. RS under any ~to cIIscIoM to lMauthorltlt. the plan IhIt iliaclient hidmentioned to him .... ~IIoned?

133. Q.

A. (a) 'l'be legal and moral obligation of Attorne, ISis to advise bla client not to proceed with bis UDla.ful plan to kill the witness against him. A1thoupthis plan W88 diacloaed to the lawyer in confide-.it isDOt covered by the rule on privileged commum.catioa.

'l'be privileged communl.eationunder Rule 138,Sedion 2O(e)of the Ruin ofCourt covera only la.ful and honeat purpoeee. 'n\e protection or the ..tomey.cJient privilege baa reference to communica-tioaI which are Jetptimately and property within theICOpeof a lawful employment and does DOt exteMto thoee made in contemplation of a crime or per-petuation of a fraud. If the unlawful purpoll illa~, the client doee not consult the lawyer .,..1-._n....w;UUn .... 'rof_" I

QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS IN UGAL mnca II

a lawyer to be adviIiDI penona aa to bow the, maycommit crimll or ftaucla or bow they may 8IC8pethe CODMquenceaoCthe contemplated 'WI'OftIdoinp.If th. client does not reveal hia Wepl motive. herepc ... no confidence in the attorDeJ beca.. theatate of facta which Ia the founclatioDof coafideDcedote not ui8t. In either cue, the attomeJ-ciientprivilege doea not attach, there being DO pial .aaaIemployment properly epeaking. (Standard F.IDa. Co.va. Smithart, 211 SW 441, 5 ALR 972 (1919); Strongva. Abner, 105 SW2d 599 (1937); People VB. VanAlatine, 23 NW 594 (1885); Hamil and Co. va. Ene-land, 50 Mo. App 338 (1892); People ex. rei.Vogelatein .... Warden, 270, NYS 62 (l934D.

Under the c:ircllmp.nee., if hia client iDaiataon bla plan, the lawyer abould withdraw from thecue. (Sac. 16)(b) YII, it Ia the obliptioD of the lawyw to en..clole to the autboriU .. about the plan oCbia dlenL

134. Q. Atty. X and hI. cllenta failed to appe. 8t the trialof an action lnatltuted br Atty. X on a.M1f 01hiecllenta, the ca w.. dismissed, In view 01 theunexplained "lure of the lawyer to..,.,._. Is thisaction proper?

A. No. The proper count ia Cor the court to cite thelawyer for contempt for bia failure to appear at thebearing of the cue without explanation ~ en..reapec:t to the court. It ia a ceuurable bebaVlOl'. (SeeCorleto va. Afro, 99 SCRA 121).

131. Q. Atty. X, a notary public, NfuMcI to furNIh copiesof a docum.nt he notarized .. ..-qUl.ted by themort,~, Infavor of annIbank 'Jf which Atty. Xw... I.,al coun .. l.H. IlkewIH failed to IUbmItcopies of .ald document to the coutt. What II theliability of the notary public?

A. It Ia the dut.yof a notary public to fumlah cop. oCnotarized document. requ.. ted of him. While tbia

,

II

While opposing counsel was offerin