Lega Calcio

1. Main differences between the so called “European model” of

professional sport and the U.S. one

2. What is a League?

3. The Italian football pyramid and the Italian Professional

Football League

4. The main Leagues in Europe and their different structures

5. Football and television in Europe. The solidarity system

6. The economic burden and the polarisation

Contents

1. Main differences between the so

called “European model” of

professional sport and the U.S. one

r Mixed model: governmental and non-governmental organisations side

by side (more in Southern Europe, less in Northern)

r Pyramidal, i.e. open (often an organisational pyramid coexists with an

operational one)

r Exclusive: only one National Federation per sport per country (within the

Olympic movement framework)

r Strongly internationalised: international and/or European Federations,

competitions, markets (clubs, players, managers, sponsors,

broadcasters, fans, …….)

r Grassroots approach (the development of sport originates from the level

of clubs: clubs come first)

The Western European model of Sport (Soccer)

SERIE A

SERIE B

PRIMA DIVISIONE

SERIE D

ECCELLENZA

PROMOZIONE

PRIMA CATEGORIA

SECONDA CATEGORIA

TERZA CATEGORIA

3

43

PROMOTION/RELEGATION MECHANISM

4 6

6 9

9 36

36

NUMBER OF PARTICPATING TEAMS

20

22

36

54

162

471

870

1.645

2.853

3.327

SECONDA DIVISIONE

The ITALIAN football pyramid (operational)

Ø The UEFA Club Licensing System for

the admission to UEFA Club

Competitions

Ø The Spanish rules for teams being

promoted from Segunda Division B (3rd

level) to Segunda Division A (2nd level)

Ø The English rules for teams being

promoted from Football Conference

(5th level) to Third Division (4th level)

Ø The Scottish rules for teams being

promoted from First Division (2nd level)

to Scottish Premier League (1st level)

Ø ……………….. Etc. etc. etc

What does "open" really mean?

AMATEUR

ATHLETIC

UNION

HIGH SCHOOL sport system

(Nat. Fed. of State High

School Associations)

COLLEGIATE sport system

(NCAA, NAIA, NJCAA, AIWA:

Regional Conferences,

Divisions)

PROFESSIONAL sport

system

(Professional Leagues)

Physical

Education at

school (11-16)

STATE

Amateur sport

at collegiate

level

STATE (?)

Professional

sport

PRIVATE

SCOLARSHIPS

DRAFT SYSTEM

UNITED STATES

OLYMPIC

COMMITTEE

NATIONAL

GOVERNING

BODIES (e.g. USA

Basketball)

Membership of IOC;

participation of US

teams and athletes in

Olympic Games;

promotion and

coordination of

competitive amateur

non-school sport

STATE

Membership of Int.l

Federations;

participation of US

teams and athletes in

international

competitions;

promotion and

coordination of a

specific discipline at

amateur non-school

level

STATE

Act

ive

mem

bersh

ip

The administration of sport system in US

2. What is a League?

US Professional Leagues act as cartels, in 3 main ways:

1. Control of players through a draft system (awarding each club the

exclusive right to contract with the player drafted), contracts (league

negotiates contract with players union) and trades (reserve clauses).

Players have no control of who they want to play for, except for

free agents

2. Control of location and relocation of teams and full approval of

ownership of teams

3. Negotiation of a single media rights agreement, and control of

territories and market

The nature of Professional Leagues in US

In theory, the Commissioner serves both management (the clubs and their owners) and labor (the players

and the unions)

In practice, he is selected by and serve for management (but NOT under the direct supervision and

control of the owners as a corporate CEO is of the BoD)

Among his main tasks:

• Resolution of disputes (players, clubs, leagues)

• Disciplinary matters administration

• Rule-making authority

• Negotiation of television and commercial contracts on behalf of clubs (or together with them)

• Negotiation of Collective Bargaining Agreements on behalf of clubs (or together with them)

• Approval of player contracts

• Administration of draft procedures

• Authority to investigate and impose sanctions when not in best interest of game (penalize gamblers,

drug users, other)

• Enforcement of managerial rules

The autonomy of the NBA: the powers of the Commissioner

NFL

Gate Receipts: 60/40 (Home, Away) regular season; 50-50 playoffs (including club

seat revenue)

Media: shared equally

Licensing, marketing, promotion, publishing: shared equally

NBA

Gate Receipts: home team keeps 100%

Media: national telecasts shared equally

Licensing, marketing, promotion, publishing: shared equally

MLB

Gate Receipts: 80/20-Home/Away, American League; 95/5 Home/Away, National

League

Licensed Merchandise: all is shared equally

Media: only national telecasts are shared equally; otherwise home team keeps 66%

The SOLIDARITY SYSTEM in the United States

1. ORGANISATION AND PROMOTION OF ITS OWN COMPETITIONS:

daily management of sporting activity (on behalf of the National

Association)

2. SYNDACATION: representation and protection of corporative

interests of members towards the National Association and/or other

bodies within the system

3. ADVICE and SUPPORT to member clubs: organisation, management,

marketing, communication, events, legal and administrative matters

4. GROUP MARKETING: collective selling of television and/or other

commercial rights

The typical roles of the Professional Leagues in Europe

1. Competitions

2. Fixture-scheduling

3. Recognition as the representative of the football employers

4. Sale of commercial rights on behalf of the member clubs

5. Solidarity (redistribution of revenues)

6. Promotion of the game (e.g. improvement of its image and general

interest)

7. Regulations

8. Clearing House functions

9. Stadia matters

The typical tasks of a Professional Leagues in Europe

Luglio 2009 Agosto 2009 Settembre 2009 Ottobre 2009 Novembre 2009 Dicembre 2009

1 MCL - I PRELIM. ANDATA

1 S 1 M 1 GEL - I TURNO II GIORNATA

1 DSERIE A TIM - 11ª andata

1 M

2 GEL - I PRELIM. ANDATA

2 D 2 M 2 V 2 L 2 M

3 V 3 L 3 G 3 SSERIE B TIM - 8ª andata

3 M 3 G

4 S 4 M 4 V 4 DSERIE A TIM - 7ª andata

4 M 4 V

5 D 5 M 5 SGEORGIA - ITALIA (QM)

5 L 5 GEL - I TURNO IV GIORNATA

5 SSERIE B TIM - 17ª andata

6 L 6 GEL - III PRELIM. RITORNO

6 DSERIE B TIM - 3ª andata

6 M 6 V 6 DSERIE A TIM - 15ª andata

7 M 7 V 7 L 7 M 7 SSERIE B TIM - 13ª andata

7 L

8 M 8 SSUPERCOPPA TIM

8 M 8 G 8 DSERIE A TIM - 12ª andata

8 M

9 GEL - I PRELIM. RITORNO

9 D 9 MITALIA - BULGARIA (QM)

9 V 9 L 9 M

10 V 10 L 10 G 10 SIRLANDA - ITALIA (QM)

10 M 10 G

11 S 11 M 11 V 11 DSERIE B TIM - 9ª andata

11 M 11 V

12 D 12 MAmichevoli Squadre Nazionali


12 L 12 G 12 S

13 L 13 G 13 DSERIE A TIM - 3ª andata

13 M 13 V 13 DSERIE A TIM - 16ª andata

14 M 14 V 14 L 14 MITALIA - CIPRO (QM)

14 SPlay-off and qualificazioni Mondiali

14 L

15 M 15 S 15 M 15 G 15 DSERIE B TIM - 14ª andata

15 M

16 GEL - II PRELIM. ANDATA

16 D 16 M 16 V 16 L 16 M

17 V 17 L 17 GEL - I TURNO I GIORNATA


17 M 17 G


18 MPlay-off rit qualificazioni Mondiali

18 V

19 D 19 M 19 SSERIE B TIM - 5ª andata

19 L 19 G 19 SSERIE B TIM - 19ª andata

20 L 20 GEL - PLAY-OFF ANDATA


20 M 20 V 20 D

21 M 21 V 21 L 21 M 21 SSERIE B TIM - 15ª andata

21 L

22 M 22 SSERIE B TIM - 1ª andata

22 MSERIE B TIM - 6ª andata

22 GEL - I TURNO III GIORNATA


22 M

23 GEL - II PRELIM. RITORNO


23 MSERIE A TIM - 5ª andata

23 V 23 L 23 M

24 V 24 L 24 G 24 SSERIE B TIM - 11ª andata

24 M 24 G


25 M 25 V

26 D 26 M 26 SSERIE B TIM - 7ª andata

26 L 26 G 26 S

27 L 27 GEL - PLAY-OFF RITORNO


27 M 27 V 27 D

28 M 28 VUEFA SUPERCUP

28 L 28 MSERIE A TIM - 10ª andata


28 L

29 M 29 SSERIE B TIM - 2ª andata

29 M 29 G 29 DSERIE A TIM - 14ª andata

29 M

30 GEL - III PRELIM. ANDATA


30 M 30 V 30 L 30 M

31 V 31 L 31 SSERIE B TIM - 12ª andata

31 G

Gennaio 2010 Febbraio 2010 Marzo 2010 Aprile 2010 Maggio 2010 Giugno 2010

1 V 1 L 1 L 1 GEL - 1/4 ANDATA

1 SSERIE B TIM - 17ª ritorno

1 M

2 S 2 M 2 M 2 VSERIE B TIM - 12ª ritorno

2 DSERIE A TIM - 17ª ritorno

2 M

3 D 3 MTIM CUP - SEMIFINALI ANDATA

3 MAmichevoli Squadre Nazionali

3 SSERIE A TIM - 13ª ritorno

3 L 3 G

4 L 4 G 4 G 4 D 4 M 4 V

5 MSERIE B TIM - 20ª andata

5 V 5 V 5 L 5 MTIM CUP - FINALE

5 S

6 MSERIE A TIM - 18ª andata



6 M 6 G 6 D

7 G 7 DSERIE A TIM - 4ª ritorno


7 M 7 V 7 L

8 V 8 L 8 L 8 GEL - 1/4 RITORNO


8 M


9 M 9 M 9 V 9 DSERIE A TIM - 18ª ritorno

9 M


10 MTIM CUP - SEMIFINALI RITORNO

10 M 10 SSERIE B TIM - 13ª ritorno

10 L 10 G

11 L 11 G 11 G EL - 1/8 ANDATA 11 D SERIE A TIM - 14ª ritorno 11 M 11 V

12 M 12 V 12 V 12 L 12 M EL - FINALE 12 S

13 MTIM CUP - 1/8



13 MSERIE B TIM - 14ª ritorno

13 G 13 D



14 M 14 V 14 L

15 V 15 L 15 L 15 G 15 SSERIE B TIM - 19ª ritorno

15 M


16 M 16 M 16 V 16 DSERIE A TIM - 19ª ritorno

16 M


17 M 17 M 17 SSERIE B TIM - 15ª ritorno

17 L 17 G

18 L 18 GEL - 1/16 ANDATA

18 GEL - 1/8 RITORNO


18 M 18 V

19 M 19 V 19 V 19 L 19 M 19 S

20 MTIM CUP - 1/4



20 M 20 G 20 D


21 DSERIE A TIM- 10ª ritorno

21 M 21 V 21 L

22 V 22 L 22 L 22 GEL - SEMIFINALI ANDATA

22 SCL - FINALE

22 M


23 M 23 MSERIE B TIM - 10ª ritorno

23 V 23 DSERIE B TIM - 20ª ritorno

23 M


24 M 24 MSERIE A TIM - 11ª ritorno


24 L 24 G

25 L 25 GEL - 1/16 RITORNO


25 M 25 V

26 M 26 V 26 V 26 L 26 M 26 S

27 MTIM CUP - 1/4



27 M 27 G 27 D



28 M 28 V 28 L

29 V 29 L 29 GEL - SEMIFINALI RITORNO

29 S 29 M

30 S 30 M 30 V 30 DSERIE B TIM - 21ª ritorno

30 M


31 M 31 L

CL - 1/8 ANDATA

CL - I TURNO III GIORNATA

CL - I TURNO IV GIORNATA

FIFA WORLD CUP 2010

CL - 1/4 ANDATA

CL - SEMIFINALI ANDATA

CL - SEMIFINALI RITORNO

CL - I TURNO V GIORNATA

CL - I TURNO I GIORNATA

CL - 1/4 RITORNO

CL - II PRELIM. ANDATA

CL - I PRELIM. RITORNO

CL - II PRELIM. RITORNO

CL - III PRELIM. ANDATA

FIFA CLUB W ORLD CHAMPIONSHIP

EL - I TURNO V GIORNATA

CL - I TURNO VI GIORNATA

CL - 1/8 ANDATA

CL - 1/8 RITORNO

CL - 1/8 RITORNO

CL - III PRELIM. RITORNO

CL - PLAY-OFF ANDATA

CL - PLAY-OFF RITORNO

CL - I TURNO II GIORNATA

EL - I TURNO VI GIORNATA

SERIE A TIM - 17ª andata

TIM CUP - II Turno

TIM CUP - III Turno

TIM CUP - I Turno

TIM CUP - IV Turno

TIM CUP - IV Turno

TIM CUP - 1/8

TIM CUP - 1/8

SERIE B TIM - 18ª andata

LEGENDA

SERIE A TIM

SERIE B TIM

TIM CUP

SUPERCOPPA TIM

UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE (CL)

UEFA EUROPA LEAGUE (EL)

UEFA SUPERCUP

FIFA Club World Championship

FIFA WORLD CUP 2010

Date per le squadre nazionali

An example: The saturation of the International Calendar (a real domino game)

1. National football governing body

2. Key role to coordinate and guarantee the relationships between the main actors of the football

system: clubs, players, referees, managers, coaches, fan ”community”

3. Institutional relationships: FIFA and UEFA; NOC; Sports Ministry

4. Football development and promotion at national level:

• National technical academy

• Amateur football

• Youth and grassroots

• Female football

• Improvement of the infrastructures

• Development of football administration

• R&D (health safeguard and medical education, coaching methods, training of coaches,

training and assistance of young players, …)

5. Administration of all the national teams

6. Format of the Championships

Vice versa: the typical tasks of a Football Association in Europe/1

7. Management, coordination and administration of its own competitions: i.e. National Cup (not in

Italy)

8. Doping prevention and repression

9. Approval/control over the Regulations of the Professional Football Leagues and monitoring of

their activities

10. Affiliation of clubs and registration of players, coaches, managers, other straff of the clubs,

referees

11. Ruling (i.e. registration/fielding of non-national players)

12. Regulatory functions and guarantor of the system:

• disciplinary matters (Sport Justice)

• referees (recruitment, training, evaluation, appointment, introduction and application of the amendments

of the Laws of the Game)

• supervision of the clubs (i.e. national licensing)

• granting solidarity between the different levels of the system (i.e. from professional to amateur football)

13. Maximization of the revenues of the National Association from gate receipts, sponsoring,

licensing, merchandising, audiovisual and new media rights related to the brand and other assets

related to the National Association (mainly national teams)

Vice versa: the typical tasks of a Football Association in Europe/2

1. AUTONOMY: questions of specific interest to the

associated clubs

2. RESPONSABILITIES SHARED WITH THE NATIONAL

ASSOCIATION: questions of general interest to the

football system (e.g: promotion and relegation mechanisms; number

of clubs; admission criteria; season’s calendar; appointment of Chairman and

Chief Executive; compliance with the FA Rules; clubs participation in the

National Cup; compliance with international duties (national teams activity

and summons); rules involving also other Leagues (e.g. clubs’ cross-

ownership)

(DEPENDENCE)

The European Leagues between autonomy and dependence

3. The Italian football pyramid and

the Italian Professional Football

League

UEFAUEFA IOCIOC

CONI

(NOC)

CONI

(NOC)

CLUBSCLUBS

PLAYERSPLAYERS

MANAGERSMANAGERS

FIFAFIFA

FIGC

(Italian Football Federation)

FIGC


FIGC

(Regional, Provincial and Local

Commitees)

FIGC


Commitees)

AIC

(Players

Union)

AIC

(Players

Union)

AIAC

(Managers

Union)

AIAC

(Managers

Union) LNPLNP

LICPLICP

LNDLND

Technical

Dept.

Technical

Dept.

Youth Dept.Youth Dept.

Referees

Ass.

Referees

Ass.Local levelsLocal levels

Local levelsLocal levels

Italian Ministry

for Cultural

Affairs (also

respons. for sport)

Italian Ministry

for Cultural

Affairs (also

respons. for sport)

The Italian Football pyramid: a much more complex system

UEFAUEFAIOCIOCFIFAFIFA

FIGC


FIGC


LNPLNP

LICPLICP

LNDLND

Youth

Dept.

Youth

Dept.

Referees

Ass.

Referees

Ass.

OLYMPIC

GAMES

ITALIAN PARTICIPATION TO O.G.

FUNCTIONING OF NA’s SYSTEM

ANTI-DOPING

WORLD CUP

OLYMPIC SOLIDARITY

WORLD CLUBS

CHAMPIONSHIP

CHAMPIONS LEAGUE

UEFA CUP

EURO CHAMPIONSHIP

EUROPEAN SUPERCUP

SERIE A

SERIE B

ITALIAN CUP

ITALIAN SUPERCUP

SOLIDARITY SYSTEM

LEGA PRO 1° DIV.

LEGA PRO 2° DIV.

SERIE D

REGIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS

LOCAL CHAMPIONSHIPS

FEMALE FOOTBALL

FUTSAL

NATIONAL TEAMS ACTIVITY

FUNCTIONING OF PYRAMID

DISCIPLINE AND REGULARITY

CONTROL OVER PROFESSIONAL CLUBS

-> CREDIBILITY OF THE WHOLE SYSTEM

TRAINING AND

QUALIFICATION OF

MANAGERS

Italian Government/ParliamentItalian Government/Parliament

SUPERVISION/VIGILANCE

SPORTS LAWS

NOC FINANCING

ANTI-DOPING

The Italian Football pyramid: the main products offered

MATCH

REGULARITY

YOUTH

(SCHOOL)

ACTIVITY

(Under 16)

CONI

(NOC)

CONI

(NOC)

Technical

Dept.

Technical

Dept.

FIFAFIFA

FIGC

(Italian Football

Federation)

FIGC

(Italian Football

Federation)

FIGC


Committees)

FIGC


Committees)

CLUBSCLUBS

REGISTERED PLAYERSREGISTERED PLAYERS

COACHESCOACHES

GRASSROOTSGRASSROOTS

REGIONAL AND LOCALREGIONAL AND LOCAL

NATIONALNATIONAL

INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL11

11

19 Regional19 Regional

130 Local130 Local

14.00014.000

1.200.0001.200.000

55.00055.000

The Italian Football pyramid: the institutional organization

NATIONAL FOOTBALL

FEDERATION: President

NATIONAL PROFESSIONAL

LEAGUE (Serie A and B): 4

representatives

NATIONAL PROFESSIONAL

LEAGUE (Lega Pro 1°Div. and

2°Div.): 4 representatives

NATIONAL AMATEUR LEAGUE

: 8 representatives PLAYERS: 6

representatives

MANAGERS: 3

representatives

REFEREES

ASSOCIATION:

President

NAT. FED. YOUTH

DEPARTMENT:

President

NAT. FED.

TECHNICAL

DEPARTMENT:

President

27 members

3 vice Presidents: one elected

by the President and 2

elected by the EXCO among

those groups that did not

support the candidature of

the President

The composition of the Italian FA EXCO

1. Organisational and administrative independence

2. Organisation of Serie A and B Championships, Italian Cup, League Super Cup,

“Primavera” youth tournaments (Championship and Italian Cup)

3. Definition of official Fixtures, dates and kick-off times

4. Representation of the member clubs toward the other components of the

national football system

5. Signature of Collective Bargaining Agreements on behalf of its member clubs

6. Negotiation of some television and radio contracts on behalf of the clubs

(national free-to-air television highlights and national radio rights to Serie A

and Serie B championships. Pay TV and PPV of Serie B. Radio and television

rights, both free and pay, of the Italian Cup knock-out rounds). From

2010/11 the League will negotiate all the audiovisual rights that are now sold

individually.

The role and tasks of the Italian “Lega Calcio”/1

7. Negotiation of commercial rights belonging to the League (e.g. title

sponsor of the championship, official match ball).

8. Collection of the commercial deals signed individually by its member

clubs

9. Discipline of the access of media operators to football grounds

10. Definition, operation and guarantee of the redistribution of financial

resources among its members (“SOLIDARITY SYSTEM”)

11. Definition of administrative rules for member clubs

12. Monitoring, homologation and improvement of stadia

13. Action as a clearing-house for financial obligations of its member

clubs as a result of players transfers

The role and tasks of the Italian “Lega Calcio”/2

The operating structure of LNP

Presidency CommitteeLeague EXCORegistration DepartmentDirectorMarketing DepartmentResearch DepartmentInternational Relation DepartmentDirectorSport SecretariatSport JusticeSecretariatArbitration TribunalSecretariatAdministration andFinanceTV and radio rightsDepartmentPress OfficeEDP andLogisticsLeague MatchDelegatesCEOPresidentGeneral AssemblySerie A - AssemblySerie B - Assembly

Presidency CommitteeLeague EXCORegistration DepartmentDirectorMarketing DepartmentResearch DepartmentInternational Relation DepartmentDirectorSport SecretariatSport JusticeSecretariatArbitration TribunalSecretariatAdministration andFinanceTV and radio rightsDepartmentPress OfficeEDP andLogisticsLeague MatchDelegatesCEOPresidentGeneral AssemblySerie A - AssemblySerie B - Assembly

• The General Assembly: appoint the President, approve the financial statements, appoint the

League’s members to the Federation EXCO, amend and approve the League’s Regulations,

approve the criteria for the distribution of the revenues negotiated by the League.

• The Category Assemblies: appoint the Vice President representing the category, appoint the

members to the League’s EXCO (6 for Serie A and 5 for Serie B), approve the criteria for the

distribution of the revenues negotiated by the League and competent to the category.

• Executive Committee: decides on the political and administration strategies of the League,

appoint the CEO and Deputy CEO, decides based on the proposals of the CEO the League

operating structure, appoint Committees to advise on particular matters, appoint external

advisors, schedules the calendars of the competitions with dates and kick-off times, defines

the financial criteria toward the League that the clubs must comply with to receive the

License for participating in the Championship, manages the revenues competent to the

League, can propose to the Assemblies the criteria for the distribution of the revenues,

proposes to the General Assembly possible amendments to the League’s Regulations,

approve the Regulations for the admission of media, journalists and photographers to the

stadia.

The operating structure of LNP/1

• The President: is the legal representative of the League, chairs the

Assemblies, the EXCO and the Presidency Committee, is responsible

of the implementation of the decisions taken by the EXCO and the

Presidency Committee, supervises the administration of the League

according to the directives given by the Presidency Committee.

• Presidency Committee: supervises the administration and

management of the League and approve the employment of

personnel.

• The CEO: is responsible of the implementation of the the decision

taken by the above mentioned bodies, is responsible of the

administration of the League’s offices, is responsible of the

administration of the personnel.


The Departments

• General secretariat: organisation of the sporting activity, relations with clubs and

institutions, implementation of the regulations on stadia.

• Player’s registration: registration of the players, coaches and other technical staff

together with their contracts. Registration of Under 19 players (Primavera).

• Marketing and commercial relations: launching invitation to offer for the rights

competent to the League (e.g. official football, title sponsor etc.), new business,

organisation of the Tim Super Cup final, Tim Cup final and youth competitions

(Primavera) finals.

• Research and documentation: collecting data and drawing up reports on national and

international subjects related to football and sport in general (media rights, transfer of

players, betting market), organisation of technical meetings with member clubs on

different items (e.g. UEFA Licensing system, national licensing system).

• International relations: relations with FIFA, UEFA and European Leagues (Italian

Football League is member of the EPFL) and other international institutions (e.g. EU),

update on international regulations.


The Departments

• Sporting judge secretariat: filing the referees match reports, preparing the relevant

documents and supporting the sporting judge on his activity.

• Board of arbitrators secretariat: collecting and filing documents related to contractual

disputes among players and clubs and coaches and clubs, preparing documents and

supporting arbitrators during the meetings, communication of the awards to the parties.

• Administration and finance: management of the clearing house, management of the

clubs’ accounts opened to settle the financial relationships among them, accounting,

management of the personnel’s payments procedures.

• TV and radio rights: implementation of the Regulations for the admission of media,

journalists and photographers to the stadia.

• Press office: relations with journalists and media, management of the social activities.

• EDP and logistics


4. The main Leagues in Europe

and their different structures

Nature and legal status of the Professional Leagues in Europe

COUNTRY

Number of

Professional

Leagues

Number of

professional

clubs

Autonomous

first division

Legal status of

professional clubs

Nature of the relationship between

the League and the National

Association

League's

operating

autonomy

ITALY 2 132 NOLimited/Joint-stock

companies

Delegation of functions by the FA,

according to the FA StatutesMedium

ENGLAND 2 92 YESLimited/Joint-stock

companies

Creation of an independent

company by the PL, with the FA as a

shareholder

High

SPAIN 1 42 NO

Limited/Joint-stock

companies and

Private Associations

Delegation of functions by the FA,

according to the Sports Law,

through a formal Agreement

Medium

GERMANY 1 36 (56) NO

Limited/Joint-stock

companies and Non

Profit Associations

Agreement (contract) for the

provision of servicesHigh

FRANCE 1 40 (minimum) NO

Limited/Joint-stock

companies and

Private Associations

Delegation of functions by the FA

through a formal Agreement and a

Financial Protocol

Low

The structure and the functioning of the main Leagues

The solidarity

m echanism inside the

League: autonom ous

decision.

Subsidy to relegated clubs for

two seasons. PL and FL set up

the criteria to distribute the

League Cup revenues

(organized by the FL). 5%

contribution for each player

transfer to the Football

League Players’ Benefit

Schem e. Contributions to the

FL for the youth

developm ent. 5%

contribution from the TV

contracts to the Football

Foundation and Players'

Union.

Contribution of the League

to: the NA, Players' Union,

W age Equalisation Fund.

"Parachute" for relegated

clubs. The NA pays players

who got injured during

national team m atches.

A percentage of the

national players transfers

and TV rights to am ateur

football. "Buffet Law": 5%

of the TV contracts to

finance sport.

Contribution to the

Players' Union.

"Parachute" for two years

to the relegated clubs.

National Cup revenues:

redistributed by the NA to

the participant clubs. Use

of the national team

revenues: agreem ent

League/NA.

3% of the TV contracts and gate

receipts to the NA (a m inim um

guarantee) as a royalty for the

rights that the NA has

transferred to the League. The

League pays a fee: for the rent

of the offices, the em ploym ent

of the NA staff and referees

expenses. 25% of the revenues

generated by the national team

m atches to the League (a

m inim um guarantee), including

a fee for the calling up of the

players and the insurance.

Nature of the

relationship betw een

the League and the

National Association

Distinctive elem ents of

the relationship League

/ Federation

Autonom y by NA

Statutes: organisation of

the Cham pionship,

internal organisation

and functioning

(com pliance with the

National Olym pic

Com m ittee and

Federation Statutes and

Regulations).

PL constituted through a

trilateral agreem ent: FA,

Prem ier League and Football

League. The Football League

has a "Special Share" and a

power of veto on m atters of

general interest.

Sport Law: agreem ent

NA/League to define the

scope of the League's

autonom y. Suprem acy of

the Federation in case no

agreem ent is found.

League/NA agreem ent

with the scope of the

supervision and

coordination of the

professional clubs.

League's decisions in

contrast with the NA

Statutes and Regulations,

general interest: NA EXCO

can change them .

Service contract between the

Deutsche Fussball Bund (DFB)

and the Professional League.

Nature and legal status of the Professional Leagues in Europe

COUNTRYLegal status of professional

League

Degree of

Solidarity

within the

Top Division

Degree of Solidarity

between the Top

and Second Division

System of

negotiation of

television rights

Main and/or peculiar sources of

revenues for Clubs

ITALYPrivate association (under the

jurisdiction of the FA)Medium High

Collective (free)

Individual (pay and

overseas)

Individual and collective television

contracts, football games and pools

ENGLAND

Joint-stock company, owned

by 20 clubs and the FA (under

the jurisdiction of the FA)

High Low Collective

Stadia management, stock exchange,

merchandising, matchday receipts,

collective television contracts

SPAIN

Private registered association

(under the jurisdiction of the

FA)

Low Medium IndividualIndividual television contracts, football

pools

GERMANY



FA)

High High CollectiveCollective television contracts,

sponsors, gate receipt

FRANCE



FA)

High High CollectiveCollective television contracts, local

municipalities subsidies

The European Leagues’ competitive advantages: the FA Premier League

• Stadia

• Fans

• TV Rights

• Merchandising

• Global dimension and

international appeal

(importance of the language)

• Financial results (profitability)

• Poor solidarity to the Second

Division

• Sport culture

• Fiscal regime

• Easy of naturalization of the

players coming from South

America

• No solidarity

The European Leagues’ competitive advantages: the Spanish Liga

• Most beautiful stadia in Europe

• Attendance

• Sponsors

• Financial balance

The European Leagues’ competitive advantages: the German Bundesliga

• Youth training academies

• Organization

• Recovered financial balance

The European Leagues’ competitive advantages: the French Ligue 1

How many Professional Football Leagues are there in Europe?

Source: UEFA

The structure of the main European professional championships

Club Relegations Club Promotion Relegations Club Promotion Relegations Club Promotion Relegations

AUSTRIA 10 1 12 1 2 22

BELGIUM 16 1 + 1 (2) 19 1 + 1 (4) 3 35

DENMARK 12 2 16 2 3 28

ENGLAND 20 3 24 2 + 1 (4) 3 24 2 + 1 (4) 4 24 3 + 1 (4) 2 92

FINLAND 14 1 + 1 (2) 14 1 + 1 (2) 3 28

FRANCE 20 3 20 3 3 40

GERMANY 18 3 18 3 2 + 1 (2) 20 2 + 1 (2) 3 56

GREECE 16 3 16 3 4 36 3 + 1 (3) 10 68

ITALY 20 3 22 2 + 1 (4) 3 + 1 (2) 36 2 + 2 (8) 2 + 4 (8) 54 3 + 3 (12) 3 + 6 (24) 132

NETHERLANDS 18 1 + 1 (2) 20 2 2 38

PORTUGAL 16 2 16 2 2 32

SCOTLAND 12 1 (6) 10 1 2 10 2 2 32

SPAIN 20 3 22 3 4 80 4 (16) 16 + 1 (4) 122

SWEDEN 14 2 + 1 (2) 16 2 + 1 (2) 3 30

SWITZERLAND 10 1 + 1 (2) 16 1 + 1 (2) 2 26

First Division Second DivisionTotal Professional Clubs

Fourth DivisionThird Division

0

300

600

900

1.200

1.500

1.800

2.100

2.400

2.700

Premier League Bundesliga Liga Profesional de Futbol Lega Calcio Ligue de Football

Professionelle

Gate Receipts TV Rights Sponsoring Commercial and other sources

23%*

48%

28%

15%

24%

13%

32%

40%

13*%

61%

13%

20%

33%

56%

28%

14%

10%

* Sponsoring, commercial and other sources

2,441

1,438 1,438 1,421

989

29%

Source: Deloitte Annual Review of Football Finance 2009

4

Revenue breakdown of the main European Leagues

Revenue breakdown of the main European Clubs

23,4

27,9

18,7

41

23,5

45,5

51

32,3

21,8

12,5

28,4

23,4

26,7

49,5

119,5

94,1

69,4

91,5

128,2

54,6

26,7

43,9

51,9

69,4

28,7

50,9

56

75

106,6

107,7

105,7

122,5

96,4

88,8

97,8

49,4

116,2

115,7

135,8

26

56,7

48,9

32,7

33,9

53,7

43,1

60,1

58,9

48,4

36,8

46,3

60,3

65

56,1

77

176,5

101,1

80,9

129101

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Manchester City

Fenerbahce

VfB Stuttgart

Newcastle United

Olympique Marseille

Hamburger SV

Tottenham

Schalke 04

Olympique Lyonnais

Juventus

Inter

Roma

Milan

Liverpool

Arsenal

Chelsea

Bayern München

Barcelona

Manchester United

Real Madrid

Matchday Broadcast Commercial

Source: Deloitte Football Money League 2009

Total employees working for the Leagues

Source: EPFL

Country

Austria 14 Netherlands 6

Belgium 4 Norway 6

Bulgaria 8 Poland 8

Danmark 7 Portugal 30

England FL 43 Russia PL 30

England PL 65 Scotland 8

Finland 8 Slovenia 3

France 55 Spain 30

Germany 47 Sweden 4

Greece 30 Switzerland 8

Ireland 7 Wales 3

Italy 28

§ Running, coordinating and managing the following competitions: Barclaycard

Premiership, Reserve tournament, Under-19 and Under-17 Academy Leagues

§ Appointing referees to its competitions (together with FA and FL)

§ Increase interest in our competitions, promote accessibility to live games and ensure

that media exposure is used to optimum effect

§ Generate increased commercial value through PL TV and commercial rights

management, using the resulting revenues to further enhance its competitions and

strengthen the long-term future of the FA Premier League and its clubs

§ Managing the redistribution of such revenues among PL clubs, according to solidarity

criteria

§ Use our power and influence responsibly to improve the game in this country and

abroad through partnership with the FA, UEFA and other bodies

§ Create a quality of competition that provides a platform from which our member clubs

and players can achieve unparalleled success in European or World competitions

An example: how does the English PL work? (Objectives)

The FA Premier League is owned by 20 shareholders (the member clubs), whose

membership in the league is dependent on the performance of their football team in the

Barclaycard Premiership.

The shareholders meet quarterly. Any shareholder can table a motion to be discussed at the

meeting. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote and all rule changes and major commercial

contracts require the support of two thirds of the clubs voting at a general meeting.

The Football Association is also a special shareholder. They have the right of veto in certain

crucial areas, such as the appointment of Chairman and Chief Executive and promotion and

relegation, but have no say on other areas of FA Premier League work.

The day-to-day business and statutory company responsibilities are handled by the Board of

Directors, which comprises of Chairman and Chief Executive, and the full-time members of

staff at the FA Premier League.

At the end of the season, relegated clubs will transfer their ordinary share to the promoted

clubs.

How does the "PL limited company" work?

Summary of the competences of the 5 main Leagues

Match Calendar YES YES YES YES YES

Representativeness of

the clubs in the

Collective Bargaining

Agreement

YES YES YES NO (UCPF) NO (No CBA)

Selling of the

Championship TV and

commercial rights

Partially (with clubs) YESNO (clubs) except for some

collective sponsoringYES YES

Sporting Judge and

Disciplinary CommitteeNO (Federation) NO (Federation) NO (Federation)

Partially (with the

Federation)NO (Federation)

Referees NO (Federation) YES NO (Federation) NO (Federation) NO (Federation)

Competitions other than

the ChampionshipYES NO YES YES YES

5. Football and television in Europe.

The solidarity system

Who sells TV Rights in Europe (2009-10)

Austria The League

BelgiumThe League, except live matches broadcasted abroad, Internet and UMTS non exclusive rights and secondary rights

(delayed rights), which are sold by the clubs

Denmark The League

EnglandThe League, except for Internet and UMTS, thematic channels and secondary rights, which are sold by the clubs

(only the whole matches, while the highlights are sold by the League)

Finland The League

France The League, except for secondary rights (on all media platforms), which are sold by the clubs

Germany The League, except for secondary rights (on all media platforms), which are sold by the clubs

GreeceThe clubs, according to Law (the only country, together with Italy, that has a law, which attributes the titolarity of

rights to the clubs)

NetherlandsThe League, except for secondary rights (on all media platforms), thematic channels rights and archive rights, which

are sold by the clubs

Portugal The Clubs

Scotland The League, except for internet rights, which are sold by the clubs

Spain The Clubs

Sweden The League together with the National Association

Negotiation of the rights of the Serie A TIM (2009-2010)

Package Rights Holder Media Platform Product Description Buyer

LIVE PAY-TV, PPV

Serie A TIMClub Digital Satellite Home matches live SKY

LIVE PAY-TV, PPV

Serie A TIMClub Digital Terrestrial Home matches live Mediaset, Dahlia TV

HIGHLIGHTS Free

Serie A TIMLega Calcio Analogic terrestrial

Highlights of all the championship matches

starting from 18.15 on Sunday afternoonRAI

HIGHLIGHTS Free

Serie A TIMLega Calcio

Analogic terrestrial, digital

terrestrial (only non exclusive

national rights)

Highlights of all championship matches starting

from 22.30 on Sunday night

RAI, SportItalia, Local

Broadcasters

LIVE TIM Cup Lega CalcioAnalogic terrestrial, digital

terrestrial, digital satelliteTIM Cup matches live RAI, Conto TV

LIVE RADIO Serie A

TIMLega Calcio Radio Serie A TIM matches live RAI

LIVE RADIO TIM Cup Lega Calcio Radio TIM Cup matches live RAI

WEB LIVE Club Internet Serie A TIM home matches live TELECOM Alice, MP web

UMTS Club Mobile Phone Serie A TIM home matches footage H3G e TIM, Vodafone (MP web)

DVB - H Club Mobile Phone Serie A TIM home matches live or delayed Mediaset, MP

INTERNATIONAL Club Any platform Serie A TIM home matches live or delayed RAI Trade, MP & Silva, SportFive

Negotiation of the rights of the English Premier League in

England (from season 2007-2008 to season 2009-2010)

Premier League has offered the 138 live broadcasted matches in 6 packages, following the “platform neutral” principle: it

means that the buyer can choose the platform and simultaneously broadcasting on different platforms

1st 2nd 3rd 4thTotal

matchesMax. Min

APremier

League

Pay-TV,

UMTS and

Internet

23 23 4 1 Sun 16.00 BSkyB

BPremier

League

Pay-TV,

UMTS and

Internet

23 23 4 1 Sun 13.30 BSkyB

CPremier

League

Pay-TV,

UMTS and

Internet

23 23 5 1

Min. 12 matches Mon

20.00; the remaining Sun

13.30, Sat 17.15 or other.

Setanta

DPremier

League

Pay-TV,

UMTS and

Internet

8 15 23 5 1

Min. 18 matches Sat 17.15;

the remaining Sun 13.30,

Mon 20.00 or other.

Setanta

EPremier

League

Pay-TV,

UMTS and

Internet

5 9 9 23 4 0 Sat 12.45 BSkyB

FPremier

League

Pay-TV,

UMTS and

Internet

10 7 6 23 4 1

7/13 evening matches half

week or holidays; 10/16

matches Sat 12.45 / Sun

16.00

BSkyB

BuyerMedia

Platform

Rights

HolderPackage

Product Description

Timings

Choice categories Matches per club

Source: TV Sports Markets Vol. 10 n. 8

5 non5 non--live packageslive packages::

• Free TV highlights (30 minutes for each match not broadcasted live and 10 minutes for

each match broadcasted live).

• Near-live clips for internet (10 clips per match 60 seconds each for a maximum of 5

minutes per match).

• UMTS Rights (offered for the first time. 8 clips during a match for 30 seconds each. The

clips can also be shown all together at the end of the first half and at the end of the

match).

• Two delayed packages (121 matches each for a total of 242 matches excluded from Live

packages. The matches can be broadcasted after Saturday 20.30 one match not

broadcasted live and after 22.00 all the other matches, in full or in highlights not less

than 45 minutes per match).

2 other Live packages2 other Live packages::

• International

• Republic of Ireland

Negotiation of the other rights of the English Premier

League (from season 2007-2008 to season 2009-2010)


Negotiation of the rights of the Spanish Primera Division


PAY-TV / PPV LIVE Club Digital Satellite9 out of 10 matches live of every Primera

Division roundMediapro

LIVE Free TV Club Analogic terrestrialSaturday match live by a local television

networkMediapro

LIVE RADIO League RadioLive telephone broadcasting of Primera Division

matchesVarious buyer

WEB Club ADSLLive or delayed, full match or highlights, of

home matchesVarious buyer

UMTS Club Mobile Phone Footage of home matches Various buyer

International TV Club Any platformLive or delayed, full match or highlights, of

home matchesVarious buyer

Negotiation of the rights of the French Ligue 1

ü The last deal (March 2008) covers three seasons,

starting from 2008/2009. LFP has bundled rights into

12 packages

ü Live rights are divided into 6 packages, 3 “Premium”

packages and 3 “Fans” packages. “Premium” includes

the 10 best Sunday night matches, the second

package includes the other 28 Sunday night matches

and the third package the 38 Saturday Night matches.

The packages cover TV, web and mobile.

The 3 “Fans” packages include all matches of all the

clubs (respectively 6, 7 and 7 for the first, second and

third package). If the matches are already included in

Premium packages, they can be broadcasted delayed

the same day.

ü LFP has bundled highlights rights into 4 packages,

differentiated between hour of transmission and

covered competition, and a mobile package (3G and

Mobile TV)

ü In total, the sale has generated revenues for 668

millions of euros (647 in the previous season).

Negotiation of Rights of the German Bundesliga


LIVE TV BundesligaDigital Satellite,

Analogic terrestrial

Live Bundesliga matches, on free TV, Pay-TV and/or PPV. Priority to

broadcast highlights on Pay-Tv and/or PPV.Sky

HIGHLIGHTS and FREE

LIVE TV Bundesliga Analogic terrestrial

Highlights of Bundesliga matches (priority on free TV), two live matches

and 4 relegation matches per year on free TV.ARD

FREE HIGHLIGHTS TV Bundesliga Analogic terrestrialHighlights of Bundesliga matches [first ( Saturday 18.30 ZDF), second and

third rights]DSF, ZDF

LIVE Radio Bundesliga Radio Bundesliga matches live Various buyers

WEB LIVE Bundesliga InternetFull matches or part of them of the Bundesliga matches, live or in "near

live" Sky

WEB DELAYED Bundesliga Internet Delayed highlights of Bundesliga matches Sky

MOBILE Bundesliga Mobile PhoneLive, "near live" and/or delayed of full match or part of it, of the

Bundesliga matches; Delayed highlights of Bundesliga matchesDeutsche Telekom

INTERNATIONAL Bundesliga Various Live matches

Various buyers (DFL

Sports Enterprises

Worldwide Sales &

Distribution)

The typical level of solidarity (redistribution of

resources) within the sport system

1. Solidarity between different sports (i.e. between “rich”

and “poor” sports)

2. Solidarity between different Leagues/areas of the same

sport (i.e. between professional and amateur sport)

3. Solidarity between different components of the same

League (i.e. between Serie A and Serie B)

4. Solidarity between different stakeholders of the same

championship (i.e. between big and small Serie A clubs)

Distribution of revenues of Serie A TIM 2009-2010

• Gate receipts (tickets & season tickets): 18% to visiting club

• Solidarity payment to lower leagues: 0,1% of all individual TV and new media

rights and all collective audiovisual rights (free-TV, highlights and radio rights)

revenues destined to Lega Pro.

• Solidarity payment to “Foundation of general mutuality”: 0,15% of all

individual TV and new media rights and all collective audiovisual rights (free-TV,

highlights and radio rights) revenues destined to “Foundation of general

mutuality for all team sports”.

• Allocation of individual TV and new media rights (the so called “enlarged

base”: audiovisual rights for the Italian territory (digital satellite and digital

terrestrial), audiovisual rights destined to new platforms (ADSL/Internet and

DVB-H) and mobile rights: 20% of all individual revenues of each club, allocated

in equal parts pro quota to all clubs participating to Serie A TIM.

• Allocation of “collective” revenues of the League regarding Serie A TIM (free TV and

highlights rights of Serie A and Serie B TIM, radio rights of Serie A and Serie B TIM, TV

rights and radio rights of TIM Cup, sponsoring of the Championship):

(i) for each season, 50% of total revenues will be distributed in the following way:

- 10% of total revenues distributed, in equal parts, to the 4 teams with the highest

revenues for their individual rights selling

- 40% of total revenues, distributed in proportional shares depending on their final

league position, to the other 6 teams (quotas from 16 to 11).

(ii) The other 50% of total revenues will be distributed to:

- the 3 relegated teams to Serie B TIM at the end of each season: 7,5 millions of € to

teams which played 3 seasons in a row in Serie A TIM, 5 millions of € to teams which

played 2 seasons in a row in Serie A TIM and 2,5 millions of € to teams which played

only one season in Serie A TIM

- The residual part is distributed, in proportional shares depending on their final league

position, to the remaining clubs (quotas descending 1 unit, starting from 10)

Distribution of revenues of Serie A TIM 2009-2010 (2)

A. 10% revenues for the purpose of the “general solidarity of the system” and to all Serie B clubs

B. two-years “parachute” for the teams relegated to Serie B: 5 millions of euros for the first

season in Serie B and 2,5 millions of euros for the second year, in the case of relegation of the

team after 2 seasons in a row in Serie A, or half of these amounts in case of only one season in

Serie A

C. distribution of the remaining part of the audiovisual rights of LNP according to the following

system:

• 40% distributed in equal parts among all Serie A clubs;

• 30% based on the so called “market pool”, 25% according to the number of fans of each

club and 5% according to the population of every team city;

• 30% based on “sporting results”, 5% according to the results of the current season, 15%

according to the results of the previous five seasons and 10% according to historical

results starting from season 1946/47;

D. “prize” for the clubs participating to UEFA Europa League (2,5 millions of euros), to be levied

to each club promoted to Serie A

E. Abolition of the share on gate receipts (18%)

Distribution of TV rights revenues in Italy (starting from 2010)

Trend of solidarity to the Italian Serie B (in thousands of Euro)

26.727

31.638

48.16549.404

45.293

60.47061.547

71.830

90.90392.962 92.962

103.291 103.291 103.291

89.509

100.462

92.465

95.000 95.000 95.000

65.000

35.883

0

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

19

87

/8

8

19

88

/8

9

19

89

/9

0

19

90

/9

1

19

91

/9

2

19

92

/9

3

19

93

/9

4

19

94

/9

5

19

95

/9

6

19

96

/9

7

19

97

/9

8

19

98

/9

9

19

99

/0

0

20

00

/0

1

20

01

/0

2

20

02

/0

3

20

03

/0

4

20

04

/0

5

20

05

/0

6

20

06

/0

7

20

07

/0

8

20

08

/0

9

Source: LNP

1,3 bil. Euro

(2007/2008)

25%

based on the

final table

25%

based on the

number TV

appearance of

the clubs

50%

in equal shares

(included from 3 to

6 half shares for the

teams relegated in

First Division in the

last two seasons)

New agreement only for Live matches broadcasted in

England starting from season 2007/2008:


Distribution of TV rights revenues in England

- International TV rights: 350 mil. Euro per season

- Highlights, Near Live, Ireland, Internet, Mobile clips:

186,6 mil Euro per season

(source: TV Sports Markets Vol. 11 n.1)

Package TV3 years estimate

(in mil. €)

per season

estimate (in mil.

€)

A BSkyB 653,3 217,8

B BSkyB 362,9 121

C Setanta 284,5 94,8

D Setanta 284,5 94,8

E BSkyB 362,9 121

F BSkyB 508,1 169,4

2.456,2 818,8Total

Source: TV Sports Markets Vol.10 n.8

Source: F.A. Premier League,

in thousands of pounds

Distribution of TV rights revenues in England (Season 2007-08)

Live BBC Near LiveBasic

AwardFacility Fees

Merit

Payment

Overseas

TV

Arsenal 3 23 38 15 13.534 11.360 13.051 9.579 47.524

Aston Villa 6 17 38 21 13.534 8.731 10.876 9.579 42.720

Birmingham City 19 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 1.450 9.579 30.226

Blackburn Rovers 7 14 38 24 13.534 7.416 10.151 9.579 40.680

Bolton Wanderers 16 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 3.625 9.579 32.401

Chelsea 2 18 38 20 13.534 9.169 13.776 9.579 46.058

Derby County 20 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 725 9.579 29.501

Everton 5 15 38 23 13.534 7.854 11.601 9.579 42.568

Fulham 17 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 2.900 9.579 31.676

Liverpool 4 21 38 17 13.534 10.484 12.326 9.579 45.923

Manchester City 9 16 38 22 13.534 8.292 8.701 9.579 40.106

Manchester United 1 25 38 13 13.534 12.237 14.501 9.579 49.851

Middlesbrough 13 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 5.800 9.579 34.576

Newcastle United 12 20 38 18 13.534 10.045 6.526 9.579 39.684

Portsmouth 8 16 38 22 13.534 8.292 9.426 9.579 40.831

Reading 18 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 2.175 9.579 30.951

Sunderland 15 12 38 26 13.534 6.539 4.350 9.579 34.002

Tottenham Hotspur 11 11 38 27 13.534 6.101 7.251 9.579 36.465

West Ham United 10 11 38 27 13.534 6.101 7.976 9.579 37.190

Wigan Atheltic 14 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 5.075 9.579 33.851

Charlton Athletic 6.767 4.789 11.557

Sheffield United 6.767 4.789 11.557

Watford 6.767 4.789 11.557

West Bromwich Albion 6.767 4.789 11.557

Football League Solidarity* 6.767 4.789 11.557

TOTAL 289 760 471 304.515 152.262 152.262 215.525 824.569

* The solidarity payment is the 'spare' parachute payment that is part of the new mechanism from 2007/08 that ensures a proportion of Premier League income is

redistributed down the professional football pyramid.

Final

League

Position

Monies

TOTAL

TV Appearances

Note: UK Television income is distributed to Premier League full member and relegated clubs in accordance with Premier League rules. Essentially, the total of UK

Television income is pooled and after deducting monies in respect of amounts paid to the Prof

668 mil. Euro

(2008/2009)

Buffet Tax (5%)

UNFP (1%)

Amateur Football (2,5%)

Leagues Functioning (4%)81% First Division

19% Second Division50% equal

shares30% table

20% TV

appearances

91% equal

shares9% table25%

current

season

5% last 5

seasons

5% last 5

seasons

15% current

season

Distribution of TV rights revenues in France

Distribution of TV rights revenues in Spain (2009-10)

Club RightsholderFee p.a

€mDuration

Primera Liga

Real Madrid Mediapro 157 2008-09 to 2012-13

Barcelona Mediapro 150 2006-07 to 2012-13

Atlético Madrid Telemadrid 42 2009-10 to 2013-14

Valencia Mediapro 30 2009-10 to 2013-14

Sevilla Mediapro 20 2006-07 to 2010-11

Athletic Bilbao Mediapro 18 2006-07 to 2010-11

Villareal Mediapro 17 2009-10 to 2013-14

Deportivo La Coruña Mediapro 15 2009-10 to 2013-14

Zaragoza Mediapro 14 2006-07 to 2010-11

Getafe Telemadrid 14 2009-10 to 2013-14

Espanyol Mediapro 14 2008-09 to 2012-13

Levante Mediapro 12 2009-10 to 2013-14

Racing Santander Mediapro 11 2006-07 to 2010-11

Real Betis Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14

Real Mùrcia Mediapro 10 2007-08 to 2011-12

G-30

Mallorca Mediapro 15 2009-10 to 2013-14

Recreativo Huelva Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14

Osasuna Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14

Valladolid Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14

Almeria Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14

Segunda Liga

G-30 (21 clubs) Mediapro 44 2009-10 to 2013-14

Celta Vigo Mediapro 2,5 2009-10 to 2013-14

Real Sociedad Mediapro 2,5 2008-09 to 2012-13

638Total fees

2009-10

Source: TV Sports Markets

National Rights, 2009/10 –

2012/13 (412 mil. of €)

79% First

Division

21% Second

Division

Based on the final

table of the last 4

years (weighted

respectively with 4,

3, 2 and 1): to the

first club of the

ranking will be

assigned 5,80% of

the revenues, to the

last team 2,90%)

Based on the final

table of the last 4

years (weighted

respectively with 4, 3,

2 and 1): to the first

club of the ranking

will be assigned 1,80%

of the revenues, to

the last team 0,90%)

International Rights,

2009/10 – 2012/13

100% First

Division

In decreasing shares

based on the league

table: from 4 mil. of

euros for the first

ranked team to

690.000 euros for

the teams ranked

from the 8° until the

18 place

Distribution of TV rights revenues in Germany

LIVE

HIGHLIGHTS

Football on Italian TV now: Serie A TIM 2009-2010

4,8 millions of subscribers

(June 2009)

• 7 matches every Sunday at 15.00

• 1 Match on Sunday at 20.45

• 2 matches on Saturday (18.00 and 20.45)

Saturday

Rete 4, from 22.35

Rai 2, from 22.35

Sunday

Rai 2, from 18.10 and 22.40

Rete 4, from 22.40

LIVE

HIGHLIGHTS

Football on Italian TV now: Serie B TIM 2009-2010

• 1 match on Friday at 20.45

• 9 matches every Saturday at 15.30

• 1 match on Monday at 20.45

Saturday

Sportitalia, from 20.30

Rai 3, from 18.10

The bid of exclusive national rights packages for Serie A 2010-2012

2010-2011 2011-2012

A PLATINUM LIVE

Satellite (with

broadcast IPTV and

Internet) - Pay TV on

national territory

Broadcasting rights for all Events, live

and postponed, on Satellite Platform and

non-exclusive broadcast rights in

simulcast on IPTV and Internet

Platforms, both addressed to offers with

fee to domestic and commercial users

570 mil. € 578 mil. €

B SATELLITE HIGHLIGHTSSatellite Pay TV on

national territory

Broadcasting rights of postponed

Highlights14 mil. € 15 mil €

C GOLD LIVE

Digital Terrestrial (with

broadcast IPTV and


national territory

Broadcasting rights for the Events of 12

teams, live and postponed, on Digital

Terrestrial Platform and non-exclusive

broadcast rights in simulcast on IPTV and

Internet Platforms, both addressed to

offers with fee to domestic and

commercial users

210 mil. € 225 mil. €

D SILVER LIVE

Digital Terrestrial (with

broadcast IPTV and


national territory

Broadcasting rights for the Events of 8

teams, live and postponed, on Digital

Terrestrial Platform and non-exclusive

broadcast rights in simulcast on IPTV and

Internet Platforms, both addressed to

offers with fee to domestic and

commercial users

70 mil. € 75 mil. €

E PLATINUM HIGHLIGHTSFree-TV Platform on

national territory

Broadcasting rights for Correlated

Images, live and postponed, and

postponed highlights

28 mil. € 30 mil. €

F RADIO LIVEFree Radio Platform on

national territory

Entire radio rights and post-match

interviews3,8 mil. € 4 mil. €

Minimum BidPackage Platform Description

The bid of non-exclusive national rights packages for Serie A 2010-2012

A M O B ILE

M o b ile P h o n e

P la tfo rm - P a y T V

o n n a tio n a l

te rrito ry

B ro a d ca stin g r ig h ts fo r a ll e n tire E ve n ts, live a n d p o stp o n e d ,

a n d H ig h lig h ts fo r a m a xim u m o f 4 m in u te s fo r e a ch E ve n t

B W E B H IG H LIG H T S

In te rn e t P la tfo rm

o n n a tio n a l

te rrito ry

P o stp o n e d b ro a d ca stin g r ig h ts o f H ig h lig h ts o f a ll E ve n ts, fo r a

m a xim u m o f 4 m in u te s fo r e a ch E ve n t, w ith th e fo llo w in g

p o stp o n e d : w ith fe e sta rt in g fro m 3 h o u rs a fte r th e e n d o f th e

E ve n t; o n fre e T V sta rt in g fro m h . 2 4 .0 0 o f th e d a y o f th e E ve n t

C .1 G O LD H IG H LIG H T S

F re e -T V P la tfo rm

a n d P a y T V o n

n a tio n a l te rrito ry

O n ly p o stp o n e d b ro a d ca stin g r ig h ts o f C o rre la te d Im a g e s fo r a

m a xim u m o f 4 m in u te s fo r e a ch E ve n t, w ith th e fo llo w in g

p o stp o n e d : fro m h 2 3 .1 5 fo r th e m a tch e s sta rt in g a fte r h 1 5 .0 0

a n d fro m h 2 3 .0 0 fo r a ll o th e r m a tch e s

C .2 S ILV E R H IG H LIG H T S

F re e -T V P la tfo rm

a n d P a y T V o n lo ca l

te rrito ry

L ive b ro a d ca stin g r ig h ts o f th e fo llo w in g C o rre la te d Im a g e s: -

p re -m a tch : r ig h t to b ro a d ca st scre e n sh o ts fro m th e p itch a n d

te rra ce s, in th e t im e b a n d in c lu d e d fro m 9 0 a n d 1 0 m in u te s

b e fo re th e m a tch sta rts; - p o st-m a tch : (i) in th e ca se o f

a n tic ip a te d a n d p o stp o n e d m a tch e s, r ig h t to m a ke in te rv ie w s

in th e "M ixe d Z o n e / P re ss R o o m ", stra ig h t a fte r th e co n clu sio n

o f th e in te rv ie w s in th e P riv ile g e d In te rv ie w A re a (d u ra tio n o f

th e t im e b a n d : 3 0 m in u te s); (ii) in th e ca se o f co n te m p o ra rily

m a tch e s, r ig h t to m a ke in te rv ie w s in th e "M ixe d Z o n e " stra tin g

fro m h 1 7 .3 0 fo r m a tch e s sta rt in g a t h 1 5 .0 0 o r a n yh o w n o t

b e fo re 2 a n d a h a lf h o u rs fro m th e b e g in n in g o f th e m a tch a n d

in th e P re ss R o o m sta rtin g fro m h 1 8 .0 0 in th e ca se o f m a tch e s

sta rt in g a t h 1 5 .0 0 (d u ra tio n o f th e t im e b a n d : 3 0 m in u te s -

m a xim u m d u ra tio n o f P re ss C o n fe re n ce : 1 5 m in u te s p e r te a m )

D R A D IO H IG H LIG H T S

F re e R a d io P la tfo rm

o n n a tio n a l a n d

lo ca l te rrito ry

N o n -e xc lu sive b ro a d ca stin g r ig h ts o f sh o rt live a u d io e xtra cts

o f th e E ve n ts in 4 w in d o w s o f 2 m in u te s e a ch

P a ck a ge D e scrip tio nP la tfo rm

The bid 2010-2012: the most important changes

FORMAT OF THE EVENT

• 5 transmission “windows” instead of 4 (additional match at h. 12.30 on Sunday)

• in August, 7 matches for each match day on Sunday night

• Simultaneity of matches only the last match day

• Joint selling with Second Division introduction of an option for the broadcaster to choose a

Serie A Monday Night match instead of a Second Division match, which would be played on

Saturday h. 18.00 instead of the anticipated Serie A match

PRODUCT

• Exclusive rights of interviews 30 minutes before the match

• Filming of dressing rooms with the presence of the players, but without reporters, to

broadcast in delayed way

• Interview (mini-flash) of a player during the half time

• Rationalisation of post match interview times

• Realisation of a audiovisual Broadcasting Manual

Serie A fixtures list and TV scenario

Saturday Sunday

12.00

12.30

13.00

13.30

14.00

14.15

14.30

15.00

15.30

16.00

16.30

16.45

17.00

17.30

18.00

18.30

19.00

19.30

19.45

20.00

20.30

20.45

21.00

21.30

22.00

22.30

1 match SERIE A

20.45

1 match SERIE A

20.45

7 matches SERIE A

15.00

1 match SERIE A

18.00

Saturday Sunday

12.00

12.30

13.00

13.30

14.00

14.15

14.30

15.00

15.30

16.00

16.30

16.45

17.00

17.30

18.00

18.30

19.00

19.30

19.45

20.00

20.30

20.45

21.00

21.30

22.00

22.30

1 match SERIE A

20.45

1 match SERIE A

20.45

1 match SERIE A

12.30

6 matches SERIE A

15.00

1 match SERIE A

18.00

2009-2010 2010-2012

TV Rights Scenario

Pay TV Market – Assignment &

Private Negotiation

The bid of exclusive national rights packages for Serie B 2010-2012

2 0 1 0 -2 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 2

A P LA T IN U M LIV E

S a te llite (w ith

b ro a d ca st IP T V a n d

In te rn e t) - P a y T V o n

n a tio n a l te rr ito ry

B ro a d ca st in g r ig h ts fo r a ll E ve n ts , live

a n d p o stp o n e d , o n S a te llite P la tfo rm a n d

n o n -e xc lu s ive r ig h ts (w ith s im u lca st o n

IP T V a n d In te rn e t P la tfo rm ), b o th

a d d re sse d to o ffe rs w ith fe e to d o m e stic

a n d co m m e rc ia l u se rs

8 m il. € 9 m il. €

B G O LD L IV E

D ig ita l T e rre str ia l (w ith

b ro a d ca st IP T V a n d

In te rn e t) - P a y T V o n


B ro a d ca st in g r ig h ts fo r a ll E ve n ts , w ith

th e fo llw o in g m o d a lit ie s : (i) im a g e s o f a ll

E ve n ts in co lle ct ive p ro g ra m s

(s im u lta n e o u s v is io n o f m o re E ve n ts in a

u n iq u e co n te xt a n d lin k -u p w ith th e

va rio u s g a m e s) a n d (ii) 3 0 0 e n tire live o r

p o stp o n e d E ve n ts se le cte d b y th e

L ice n so r th ro u g h D ig ita l T e rre str ia l

P la tfo rm , a n d n o n -e xc lu s ive r ig h ts (w ith

s im u lca st o n IP T V a n d In te rn e t P la tfo rm ),

b o th a d d re sse d to o ffe rs w ith fe e to

d o m e stic a n d co m m e rc ia l u se rs

4 m il. € 5 m il. €

CS U P E R P LA T IN U M

H IG H LIG H T S

F re e -T V P la tfo rm o n


E xc lu s ive live b ro a d ca st in g r ig h ts o n

C o rre la te d Im a g e s o f th e E ve n t u n til h .

2 0 .3 0 a n d e xc lu s ive p o stp o n e d H ig h lig h ts

in th e t im e b a n d s h . 1 8 .0 0 - 2 0 .3 0 (fo r

m a tch e s sta rt in g u n til h . 1 5 .0 0 ) a n d h .

2 3 .1 0 - 2 3 .3 0 (fo r m a tch e s sta rt in g a fte r

h . 1 5 .0 0 )

1 ,5 m il. € 1 ,6 m il. €

D P LA T IN U M H IG H LIG H T SF re e -T V P la tfo rm o n


B ro a d ca st in g r ig h ts fo r p o stp o n e d

C o rre la te d Im a g e s a n d H ig h lig h ts in th e

e xc lu s ive t im e b a n d s h . 2 0 .3 0 - 2 3 .0 0 (fo r

m a tch e s sta rt in g u n til h . 1 5 .0 0 ) a n d h .

2 3 .1 0 - 2 3 .3 0 (fo r m a tch e s sta rt in g a fte r

h . 1 5 .0 0 )

0 ,5 0 m il. € 0 ,5 5 m il. €

E R A D IO L IV EF re e R a d io P la tfo rm o n


E n tire ra d io r ig h ts a n d p o st-m a tch

in te rv ie w s0 ,3 0 m il. € 0 ,3 5 m il. €

M in im u m B idP a ck a g e P la tfo rm D e scrip tio n

Package

assigned to

The bid of non-exclusive national rights packages for Serie B 2010-2012

A M O B I L E

M o b i le P h o n e

P la t f o r m - P a y T V

o n n a t io n a l

t e r r i t o r y

B r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s f o r a l l e n t i r e E v e n t s , l i v e a n d p o s t p o n e d ,

a n d H ig h l ig h t s f o r a m a x im u m o f 4 m in u t e s f o r e a c h E v e n t

B W E B H I G H L I G H T S

I n t e r n e t P la t f o r m

o n n a t io n a l

t e r r i t o r y

P o s t p o n e d b r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s o f H ig h l ig h t s o f a l l E v e n t s , f o r a

m a x im u m o f 4 m in u t e s f o r e a c h E v e n t , w i t h t h e f o l lo w in g

p o s t p o n e d : w i t h f e e s t a r t in g f r o m 3 h o u r s a f t e r t h e e n d o f t h e

E v e n t ; o n f r e e T V s t a r t in g f r o m h . 2 4 . 0 0 o f t h e d a y o f t h e E v e n t

C . 1 G O L D H I G H L I G H T S

F r e e - T V P la t f o r m

a n d / o r P a y T V o n

n a t io n a l t e r r i t o r y

O n ly p o s t p o n e d b r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s o f C o r r e la t e d I m a g e s a n d

H ig h l ig h t s f o r a m a x im u m o f 4 m in u t e s f o r e a c h E v e n t , w i t h

t h e f o l lo w in g p o s t p o n e d : f r o m h 2 3 . 3 0 f o r t h e m a t c h e s

s t a r t in g a f t e r h 1 5 . 0 0 a n d f r o m h 2 3 . 0 0 f o r a l l o t h e r m a t c h e s

C . 2 S I L V E R H I G H L I G H T S

F r e e - T V P la t f o r m

a n d / o r P a y T V o n

lo c a l t e r r i t o r y

L iv e b r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s o f t h e f o l lo w in g C o r r e la t e d I m a g e s : -

p r e - m a t c h : r ig h t t o b r o a d c a s t s c r e e n s h o t s f r o m t h e p i t c h a n d

t e r r a c e s , in t h e t im e b a n d in c lu d e d f r o m 3 0 a n d 1 0 m in u t e s

b e f o r e t h e m a t c h s t a r t s ; - p o s t - m a t c h : ( i ) in t h e c a s e o f

a n t i c ip a t e d a n d p o s t p o n e d m a t c h e s , r i g h t t o m a k e in t e r v ie w s

in t h e " M ix e d Z o n e / P r e s s R o o m " , s t r a ig h t a f t e r t h e c o n c lu s io n

o f t h e in t e r v ie w s in t h e P r iv i le g e d I n t e r v ie w A r e a ( d u r a t io n o f

t h e t im e b a n d : 3 0 m in u t e s ) ; ( i i ) in t h e c a s e o f c o n t e m p o r a r i l y

m a t c h e s , r i g h t t o m a k e in t e r v ie w s in t h e " M ix e d Z o n e " s t r a t in g

f r o m h 1 7 . 3 0 f o r m a t c h e s s t a r t in g a t h 1 5 . 0 0 o r a n y h o w n o t

b e f o r e 2 a n d a h a l f h o u r s f r o m t h e b e g in n in g o f t h e m a t c h a n d

in t h e P r e s s R o o m s t a r t in g f r o m h 1 8 . 0 0 in t h e c a s e o f m a t c h e s

s t a r t in g a t h 1 5 . 0 0 ( d u r a t io n o f t h e t im e b a n d : 3 0 m in u t e s -

m a x im u m d u r a t io n o f P r e s s C o n f e r e n c e : 1 5 m in u t e s p e r t e a m ) .

P o s t p o n e d b r o a d c a s t in g R ig h t s o f C o r r e la t e d I m a g e s a n d

H ig h l ig h t s f o r a m a x im u m o f 4 m in u t e s f o r e a c h E v e n t , w i t h

t h e f o l lo w in g p o s t p o n e d : f r o m h 2 3 . 3 0 f o r t h e m a t c h e s

s t a r t in g a f t e r h 1 5 . 0 0 a n d f r o m h 2 3 . 0 0 f o r a l l o t h e r m a t c h e s

D R A D I O H I G H L I G H T S

F r e e R a d io P la t f o r m

o n n a t io n a l a n d

lo c a l t e r r i t o r y

N o n - e x c lu s iv e b r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s o f s h o r t l i v e a u d io e x t r a c t s

o f t h e E v e n t s in 4 w in d o w s o f 2 m in u t e s e a c h

P a c k a g e D e s c r i p t i o nP l a t f o r m

E PLATINUM HIGHLIGHTSFree-TV Platform on

national territory

Broadcasting rights for Correlated Images, live

and postponed, and postponed highlights

F RADIO LIVEFree Radio Platform on

national territoryEntire radio rights and post-match interviews

A PLATINUM LIVE

Satellite (with

broadcast IPTV and


national territory

Broadcasting rights for all Events, live and

postponed, on Satellite Platform and non-

exclusive rights (with simulcast on IPTV and

Internet Platform), both addressed to offers with

fee to domestic and commercial users

CSUPER PLATINUM

HIGHLIGHTS

Free-TV Platform on

national territory

Exclusive live broadcasting rights on Correlated

Images of the Event until h. 20.30 and exclusive

postponed Highlights in the time bands h. 18.00 -

20.30 (for matches starting until h. 15.00) and h.

23.10 - 23.30 (for matches starting after h. 15.00)

D PLATINUM HIGHLIGHTSFree-TV Platform on

national territory

Broadcasting rights for postponed Correlated

Images and Highlights in the exclusive time bands

h. 20.30 - 23.00 (for matches starting until h.

15.00) and h. 23.10 - 23.30 (for matches starting

after h. 15.00)

E RADIO LIVEFree Radio Platform on

national territoryEntire radio rights and post-match interviews

SER

IE B

SER

IE A

Package Interested Bidder(s)Platform Description

Rights to be assigned by private negotiations

Broadcasted on platform Sky, Telewest e Ntl92 matches

46 matches

• 23 matches first choice on Sunday at

16.00

• 23 matches second choice on Sunday at

13.30

• 5 matches first choice, 9 matches third

choice and 9 fourth choice on Saturday

at 12.45

• 10 matches first choice, 7 matches

second choice and 6 matches third

choice. 7/13 will be broadcasted during

the week or on holidays. The remaining

10/16 on Saturday at 12.45 or on

Sunday at 16.00

• 23 matches third choice including a

minimum of 12 Monday matches at

20.00, the remaining on Sunday at 13.30

and on Saturday at 17.15 or other.

• 8 matches second choice and 15

matches fourth choice at least 18 on

Saturday at 17.15 and the remaining on

Sunday at 13.30, on Monday at 20.00 or

other.

Football on TV – Premier League (2009-2010)

• Saturday, 22.30, BBC One

• Sunday, 22.00, BBC Two

HIGHLIGHTS FREE TO AIR

PAY TV PPV + PAY TV

One postponed match on Sunday (21.00) 6 PPV matches broadcasted on Sunday afternoon (17.00),

another PAY TV match on Sunday (19.00) and 2 PAY TV

matches on Saturday (18.00 or 20.00)

FREE TV

One match on Saturday

( 22.00)

HIGHLIGHTS FREE TV

Rights available on the market

according to the Spanish Law

Football on TV – Liga BBVA (2009-2010)

PAY TV

One live match on Sunday (21.00)

PPV

6 live matches on Saturday (19.00)

2 live matches on Sunday (17.00)

HIGHLIGHTS

Football on TV – Ligue 1 (2009-2010)

One live match on Saturday (21.00)

MOBILE RIGHTS

Only on Pay-TV

PAY TV

1 match live on Friday (20.30)

5 matches live on Saturday (15.30)

1 match live on Saturday (18:30)

1 match live on Sunday (15.30)

1 match live on Sunday (17:30)

Highlights Saturday (17:30)

Highlights Sunday (19:30)

HIGHLIGHTS IPTV & MOBILE RIGHTS HIGHLIGHTS

Saturday from 18.30

Sunday from 21:45

Saturday from 22.00 Live all 9 matches & Highlights

HIGHLIGHTS &

LIVE

Web TV Live & Highlights (Web-Clips)

2. Bundesliga

Football on TV – Bundesliga (2009-2010)

6. The economic burden and the

polarisation

714

1.052 1.064

685

895

1.219

1.557

1.791

2.441

524569

612

722

1.029

681

880

393

696

452

551

650

954

1.027

1.0171.042

1.219

1.277

1.450

2.273

1.995

1.975

1.977

1.747

1.024

513

328

676 776

847

953

1.158

1.3261.438

1.438

1.379

1.1951.236

1.0581.1081.043

577

513444

373

989

277293

323

607644

972910

655689643

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2000/01 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08

ITALY ENGLAND SPAIN GERMANY FRANCE

€ ,000

Income growth of the "big five" European

Leagues between 95/96 and 07/08


Total wages growth of the "big five" European

Leagues between 95/96 and 07/08


317

722

972

1.511

822

900

278317

382

447

620

725

619

1.010 884845 830

806868

417

256

660

512

1.440

1.0901.235

1.162

1.209

1.094

598

934

256

322

469

755

491

559658

608607

739

390

342

303

175

230

553 556

608

580 576

223

187

703

441

541

437450467

414

324

273222

178161

0

250

500

750

1.000

1.250

1.500

1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2000/01 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08

ITALY ENGLAND SPAIN GERM ANY FRANCE

Operating profit/loss in the "big five" European Leagues between 96/97 and 07/08


The polarization within the system: the "big five" Leagues market share (turnover)


The polarization within the system: the "UEFA Champions League effect"

Source: UEFA

Year Champions’ Cup UEFA Cup Cup Winners’ Cup

1981 Liverpool Francoforte Tbilisi

1982 Aston Villa Ipswich Barcellona

1983 Amburgo Goteborg Aberdeen

1984 Liverpool Anderlecht Juventus

1985 Juventus Tottenham Everton

1986 Steaua Bucarest Real Madrid Dynamo Kiev

1987 Porto Goteborg Ajax

1988 PSV Bayer Leverkusen Mechelen

1989 Milan Napoli Barcellona

1990 Milan Juventus Sampdoria

1991 Stella Rossa Inter Manchester Utd

1992 Barcellona Ajax Werder Brema

1993 Olimp. Marsiglia Juventus Parma

1994 Milan Inter Arsenal

1995 Ajax Parma Real Saragozza

1996 Juventus Bayern Monaco PSG

1997 Borussia D. Schalke 04 Barcellona

1998 Real Madrid Inter Chelsea

1999 Manchester Utd Parma Lazio

2000 Real Madrid Galatasaray

2001 Bayern Monaco Liverpool

2002 Real Madrid Feyenoord

2003 Milan Porto

2004 Porto Valencia

2005 Liverpool CSKA Mosca

2006 Barcellona Siviglia

2007 Milan Siviglia

2008 Manchester Utd Zenit

2009 Barcellona Shakhtar Donetsk

The polarisation within the system: the "big five"

Leagues market share (sports results)

The polarization within the system: the link between players'

wages and sports results in English Premier League

Source: Deloitte & Touche Annual Review of Football Finance 2009

r Economic result and sports result

r Supporters’ dreams and shareholders’ expectations

r Growth of revenues and inflation of wages

r Development of football as a television product and a stadium spectators

game

r Market potentialities of the biggest clubs and preservation of a minimum

level of solidarity within the system

r Transformation of football into an industry like any other and protection of

sports peculiarities

r Market globalisation and preservation of national football identities

r Fans as spectators and fans as customers

The risks: difficulties to find a proper balance between ....

r UEFA Club Licensing System

r Salary capping

r Performance-related payments (wages)

r Maximum number of players in the squad (ceiling) and/or minimum number of

local trained players

r Limitations to transfer of players

r Stadia improvement and exploitation

r Customer Relation Management

r Youth activities development

r New competitions

r New solidarity mechanisms (including new ways of selling rights)

r New governance for the system

r …………….

Looking for possible solutions …

?

Looking for possible solutions

Documents

Lega Calcio