ledkyhu ejkBh xledkyhu ejkBh xkkkkkeh.k dforrhy fLFkR;rajs ... fileAarhat Multidisciplinary International Education Research Journal (AMIERJ) A Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal

Aarhat Multidisciplinary International

Education Research Journal (AMIERJ) A Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal GC Approved Journal No 48178, 48818

Impact Factor 5.18 ISSN 2278-5655

jkT;Lrjh; ppkZl=

fnfnfnfn---- 06 Qsczqokjh 2018 06 Qsczqokjh 2018 06 Qsczqokjh 2018 06 Qsczqokjh 2018

ledkyhu ejkBh xledkyhu ejkBh xledkyhu ejkBh xledkyhu ejkBh xkkkkzkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjs zkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjs zkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjs zkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjs

vk;kstd vk;kstd vk;kstd vk;kstd

ejkBh foHkkxejkBh foHkkxejkBh foHkkxejkBh foHkkx] ] ] ] efoiz lekt lapfyr efoiz lekt lapfyr efoiz lekt lapfyr efoiz lekt lapfyr

deZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr

dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] o.kh rkrkrkrk---- fnaMksjh] ftfnaMksjh] ftfnaMksjh] ftfnaMksjh] ft---- ukf”kd & 422215 nqj/ouh % 02557&220180ukf”kd & 422215 nqj/ouh % 02557&220180ukf”kd & 422215 nqj/ouh % 02557&220180ukf”kd & 422215 nqj/ouh % 02557&220180

izk;kstd

fu;kstu vkf.k fodkl eaMGfu;kstu vkf.k fodkl eaMGfu;kstu vkf.k fodkl eaMGfu;kstu vkf.k fodkl eaMG lkfo=hckbZ Qqys iq.ks fo|kihBlkfo=hckbZ Qqys iq.ks fo|kihBlkfo=hckbZ Qqys iq.ks fo|kihBlkfo=hckbZ Qqys iq.ks fo|kihB]]]]iq.ksiq.ksiq.ksiq.ks

izeq[k laikndizeq[k laikndizeq[k laikndizeq[k laiknd : izkpk;Z MkW- Mh- vkj- cPNko

dk;Zdkjh laiknddk;Zdkjh laiknddk;Zdkjh laiknddk;Zdkjh laiknd : izk- MkW- eankfduh ikVhy izk- ukjk;.k ikVhy

efoiz lekt lapfyr

deZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] o.khdeZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] o.khdeZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] o.khdeZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] o.kh

rk- fnaMksjh] ft- ukf”kd & 422215

Published by : Aarhat Publication & Aarhat Journal’s

Mobile No : 9922444833 / 8355852142

6th

February 2018

ISSN : 2278-5655

EDITORS:

Disclaimer: The views expressed herein are those of the authors. The editors, publishers and

printers do not guarantee the correctness of facts, and do not accept any liability

with respect to the matter published in the book. However editors and publishers

can be informed about any error or omission for the sake of improvement. All rights

reserved.

No part of the publication be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted

in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and or

otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher and authors.

izkizkizkizkpk;Z euksxrpk;Z euksxrpk;Z euksxrpk;Z euksxr

ejkBk fo|k izlkjd lekt lapfyr deZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT;

egkfo|ky;] o.kh ;k vkeP;k egkfo|ky;kr lkfo=hckbZ Qqyss iq.ks fo|kihBkP;k fu;kstu

o fodkl foHkkxkP;k lgdk;kZus ejkBh fo’k;kps ,d fnolh; ppkZl=

fn- 06 Qsczqokjh 2018 jksth laiUu gksr vkgs- ppkZ l=klkBh mifLFkr jkT;krhy fofo/k

fo|kihBkrhy rK ekU;oj la”kkss/kd izk/;kid “kks/k fuca/k okpd o fo|kFkhZ ;k lokZaps eh

eu%iqoZd Lokxr djrks- ;k ppkZl=kpk fo’k; ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsrhy

fLFkR;arjs vlk vkgs- ;k vuq’kaxkus T;k la”kkss/kd vH;kldkauh fofo/k “kks/k fuca/k lknj

dsys- R;kr tkxfrdhdj.kkuarj cnyysY;k xzkeh.k ftoukps vkf.k d’kh ftoukrhy

fLFkR;arjkps n”kZu ?kMr vkgs- ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsr “ksrh] ekrhr jkc.kkÚ;k

“ksrdÚ;kaleksjhy vkOgkukaps izfrfcac iMys vkgs- ;k ckcrph lkaxksikax ppkZ ;k ppkZl=kr

gksbZy o xzkeh.k dforsP;k vH;klkyk ;ksX; fn”kk feGsy v”kh eyk [kk=h vkgs-

;k ppkZl=klkBh lkfo=hckbZ Qqys iq.ks fo|kihBkP;k fu;kstu vkf.k fodkl eaMGkus

vuqnku eatqj dsY;k cn~ny eh R;kapk _.kh vkgs- vkeph ekrlaLFkk ejkBk fo|k izlkjd

lektkps v/;{k ek- MkW- rq’kkj “ksokGs] ljfpV.khl ek- Jherh fuyhekrkbZ iokj] lHkkirh

ek- ekf.kdjko cksjLrs] milHkkirh ekjk?kks ukuk vkfgjs] fpV.khl ek- MkW- lqfuy f<dys]

fnaMksjh rkyqdk lapkyd ek- Jh- nRrk=; nknk ikVhy] rlsp loZ lapkyd eaMG ekU;oj

;kaP;k izsj.kk vkf”kokZn vkepk mRlkg ok<fo.kkÚ;k vkgsr- eh vki.kk lokZacn~ny lnSo

drK vkgs-

ppkZl=kps vk;kstu dj.kkÚ;k egkfo|ky;krhy ejkBh foHkkxkus ppkZl=kps ;”kLoh

vk;kstu dsys- R;kaps o R;kauk lg;ksx ns.kkÚ;k loZ lferh lnL;kaps gkfnZd vfHkuanu o

eu%Loh “kqHksPNk-

izkpk;Z izkpk;Z izkpk;Z izkpk;Z

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- MhMhMhMh---- vkjvkjvkjvkj---- CCCCkPNko] kPNko] kPNko] kPNko]

laikndh; euksxrlaikndh; euksxrlaikndh; euksxrlaikndh; euksxr

ejkBk fo|k izlkjd lekt lapfyr deZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT;

egkfo|ky;] o.kh ;k vkeP;k egkfo|ky;kr lkfo=hckbZ Qqyss iq.ks fo|kihBkP;k fu;kstu

o fodkl foHkkxkP;k lgdk;kZus ejkBh fo’k;kps ,d fnolh; ppkZl=

fn- 06 Qsczqokjh 2018 jksth laiUu gksr vkgs- ppkZl=klkBh ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy

fLFkR;arjs ;k fo’k;koj fofo/k l”kks/kdkauh o ekU;ojkauh “kks/k fuca/k lknj dsys- lnj “kks/k

fuca/k ;k iqLrhdsOnkjs izdkf”kr djhr vlrkauk vkEgkyk fo”ks’k vkuan gksr vkgs-

ledkfyu xzkeh.k dforsr [ksM;krhy vkf.k fo”ks’kRk% d`’kh ftoukrhy cnyR;k

fLFkR;arjkps vkf.k xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy ok<R;k vkOgkukaps izfrfcac iMys vkgs-

tkxfrdhdj.kkuarjps xzkeh.k ftou gk ;k dforkapk xkHkk vkgs- ;kpk lkaxksikax vk<kok

vki.k loZ ekU;oj o la”kks/kd oDrs ;k ppkZl=kr ?ks.kkj vkgkr eh egkfo|ky;kP;k o

ejkBh foHkkxkP;k orhus vkiys lg’kZ Lokxr djrks o /kU;okngh nsrks-

iq.ks fo|kihBkP;k fu;kstu vkf.k fodkl eaMGkus ;k ppkZl=kl vuqnku eatqj

dsY;k cn~ny R;kaukgh vkEgh eukiklqu /kU;okn nsrks- efoiz laLFksps loZ inkf/kdkjh

rkyqdk lapkyd ek- Jh-nRrk=; nknk ikVhy] izeq[k vfrFkh ek- vkenkj ujgjh f>jokG]

chtHkk’kd ek- izk- MkW osnJh fFkxGs] egkfo|ky;kps izkpk;Z MkW- Mh- vkj- cPNko]

jkT;krhy fofo/k fo|kihBkrhy rK ekU;oj ;kauh mifLFkr jkgqu ppkZl=kl lfnPNk o

izsj.kk nsr vkgsr- R;keqGs vkepk mRlkg fuf”pri.ks ok<.kkj vkgs- vki.kkcn~ny vkEgh

lnSo drK vkgksr- gk vad izfl/n~ dj.kkjs Aarhat Publications and Aarhat Journals

;kapsgh fo”ks’k vkHkkj ekurks-

laiknd laiknd laiknd laiknd

izeq[k laikndizeq[k laikndizeq[k laikndizeq[k laiknd : izkpk;Z MkW- Mh- vkj- cPNko

dk;Zdkjh laiknddk;Zdkjh laiknddk;Zdkjh laiknddk;Zdkjh laiknd : izk- MkW- eankfduh ikVhy

izk- ukjk;.k ikVhy

Aarhat Multidisciplinary International Education Research Journal (AMIERJ)

A Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal UGC Approved Journal No 48178, 48818


I

VOL VII SPECIAL ISSUES VI

vuqØef.kdkvuqØef.kdkvuqØef.kdkvuqØef.kdk

vuqvuqvuqvuq---- ØekadØekadØekadØekad

ys[kdkps ukoys[kdkps ukoys[kdkps ukoys[kdkps uko “kh’kZd“kh’kZd“kh’kZd“kh’kZd ikuikuikuiku

ØekadØekadØekadØekad

1111 izkizkizkizk---- dSykl dGdVs dSykl dGdVs dSykl dGdVs dSykl dGdVs ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjfLFkR;arjfLFkR;arjfLFkR;arjssss

01 rs 01 rs 01 rs 01 rs 04040404

2222 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- lat; f”kans lat; f”kans lat; f”kans lat; f”kans ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsfLFkR;arjsfLFkR;arjsfLFkR;arjs

05 05 05 05 rsrsrsrs 09 09 09 09

3333 fl)kFkZ uorqjsfl)kFkZ uorqjsfl)kFkZ uorqjsfl)kFkZ uorqjs ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhYk ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhYk ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhYk ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhYk okLrfodrkokLrfodrkokLrfodrkokLrfodrk

11110 0 0 0 rsrsrsrs 14 14 14 14

4444 eFkqjk esokMeFkqjk esokMeFkqjk esokMeFkqjk esokM cnyrs lektokLro vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k cnyrs lektokLro vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k cnyrs lektokLro vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k cnyrs lektokLro vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k dforkdforkdforkdfork

15 15 15 15 rsrsrsrs 21 21 21 21

5555 izkizkizkizk---- ek/ko [kkydj ek/ko [kkydj ek/ko [kkydj ek/ko [kkydj ^gh ckx dq.kkph^ & ledkyhu ^gh ckx dq.kkph^ & ledkyhu ^gh ckx dq.kkph^ & ledkyhu ^gh ckx dq.kkph^ & ledkyhu xzkethoukpk vkjlkxzkethoukpk vkjlkxzkethoukpk vkjlkxzkethoukpk vkjlk

22 22 22 22 rsrsrsrs 26 26 26 26

6666 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- lferk tk/ko lferk tk/ko lferk tk/ko lferk tk/ko ledyhu xzkeh.k dforkledyhu xzkeh.k dforkledyhu xzkeh.k dforkledyhu xzkeh.k dfork 27 27 27 27 rsrsrsrs 35 35 35 35

7777 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- yrk iokj yrk iokj yrk iokj yrk iokj d`’kh laLdrhP;k dforkd`’kh laLdrhP;k dforkd`’kh laLdrhP;k dforkd`’kh laLdrhP;k dfork 36 36 36 36 rsrsrsrs 46 46 46 46

8888 i`Foi`Foi`Foi`Fohjkt FkkSjhjkt FkkSjhjkt FkkSjhjkt FkkSj 1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork % ,d Nsn1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork % ,d Nsn1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork % ,d Nsn1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork % ,d Nsn 47 47 47 47 rsrsrsrs 50 50 50 50

9999 çkçkçkçk---- dSykl lykns dSykl lykns dSykl lykns dSykl lykns ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork % Lo#i vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork % Lo#i vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork % Lo#i vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork % Lo#i vkf.k e;kZnke;kZnke;kZnke;kZnk

51 51 51 51 rsrsrsrs 61 61 61 61

10101010 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- Nk;k ,l Nk;k ,l Nk;k ,l Nk;k ,l---- f”kan f”kan f”kan f”kanssss ledkyhu dforsrhy xzkeh.k thoukps ledkyhu dforsrhy xzkeh.k thoukps ledkyhu dforsrhy xzkeh.k thoukps ledkyhu dforsrhy xzkeh.k thoukps n”kZun”kZun”kZun”kZu

62 62 62 62 rsrsrsrs 67 67 67 67

11111111 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- xhrkatyh Ogh xhrkatyh Ogh xhrkatyh Ogh xhrkatyh Ogh---- fpus fpus fpus fpus Lkedkyhu xzkeh.k dkO;fufeZrhP;k izLkedkyhu xzkeh.k dkO;fufeZrhP;k izLkedkyhu xzkeh.k dkO;fufeZrhP;k izLkedkyhu xzkeh.k dkO;fufeZrhP;k izsj.kksj.kksj.kksj.kk 68 68 68 68 rsrsrsrs 74 74 74 74

II

ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjsledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjsledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjsledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjs

deZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] o.khdeZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] o.khdeZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] o.khdeZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] o.kh] ] ] ] rkrkrkrk---- fnaMksjh] ft fnaMksjh] ft fnaMksjh] ft fnaMksjh] ft---- ukf”kdukf”kdukf”kdukf”kd

12121212 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- “kjn y{e.k ukxjs “kjn y{e.k ukxjs “kjn y{e.k ukxjs “kjn y{e.k ukxjs ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork o d`’kh thouledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork o d`’kh thouledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork o d`’kh thouledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork o d`’kh thou 75 75 75 75 rsrsrsrs 78 78 78 78

13131313 izkizkizkizk---- fouksn egknw dsnkjs fouksn egknw dsnkjs fouksn egknw dsnkjs fouksn egknw dsnkjs ejkBh xzkeh.k dforkejkBh xzkeh.k dforkejkBh xzkeh.k dforkejkBh xzkeh.k dfork 79 79 79 79 rsrsrsrs 84 84 84 84

14141414 izkizkizkizk---- Jherh Jherh Jherh Jherh---- lqfurk mQkMs lqfurk mQkMs lqfurk mQkMs lqfurk mQkMs lllledkyhu lkfgR;edkyhu lkfgR;edkyhu lkfgR;edkyhu lkfgR;: izsj.kk o Lo:i izsj.kk o Lo:i izsj.kk o Lo:i izsj.kk o Lo:i 85 85 85 85 rsrsrsrs 87 87 87 87

15151515 ÁkÁkÁkÁk---- v'k¨d nŸkk=; Hkoj v'k¨d nŸkk=; Hkoj v'k¨d nŸkk=; Hkoj v'k¨d nŸkk=; Hkoj xzkeh.k dforsrhyxzkeh.k dforsrhyxzkeh.k dforsrhyxzkeh.k dforsrhy d`f"k o ekuoh d`f"k o ekuoh d`f"k o ekuoh d`f"k o ekuoh thoukrhy laosnu”khyrk o fLFkR;arjsthoukrhy laosnu”khyrk o fLFkR;arjsthoukrhy laosnu”khyrk o fLFkR;arjsthoukrhy laosnu”khyrk o fLFkR;arjs

88 88 88 88 rsrsrsrs 91 91 91 91

16161616 izkizkizkizk---- Ogh Ogh Ogh Ogh---- ,l ,l ,l ,l---- tk/ko tk/ko tk/ko tk/ko xzkeh.k dohrk] ,d vk<kokxzkeh.k dohrk] ,d vk<kokxzkeh.k dohrk] ,d vk<kokxzkeh.k dohrk] ,d vk<kok 92 92 92 92 rsrsrsrs 95 95 95 95

17171717 lgklgklgklgk---- izk izk izk izk---- ;ksfxrk Hkkejs] ;ksfxrk Hkkejs] ;ksfxrk Hkkejs] ;ksfxrk Hkkejs] Lkedkyhu xzkeh.k dforsph okVpkyLkedkyhu xzkeh.k dforsph okVpkyLkedkyhu xzkeh.k dforsph okVpkyLkedkyhu xzkeh.k dforsph okVpky 96 96 96 96 rsrsrsrs 102 102 102 102

18181818 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- osnJh fot; fFkxGs osnJh fot; fFkxGs osnJh fot; fFkxGs osnJh fot; fFkxGs xzkeh.k lkfgR; o xzkeh.k dforkxzkeh.k lkfgR; o xzkeh.k dforkxzkeh.k lkfgR; o xzkeh.k dforkxzkeh.k lkfgR; o xzkeh.k dfork 103 103 103 103 rsrsrsrs 11 11 11 110000

19191919 izkizkizkizk---- ukjk;.k ikVhy ukjk;.k ikVhy ukjk;.k ikVhy ukjk;.k ikVhy tkxfrdhdj.kk uarjph xzkeh.k dforktkxfrdhdj.kk uarjph xzkeh.k dforktkxfrdhdj.kk uarjph xzkeh.k dforktkxfrdhdj.kk uarjph xzkeh.k dfork 111 111 111 111 rsrsrsrs 114 114 114 114

20202020 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- ,e ,e ,e ,e---- th th th th---- ikVhy ikVhy ikVhy ikVhy ltZuf”ky doh & banzthr HkkysjkoltZuf”ky doh & banzthr HkkysjkoltZuf”ky doh & banzthr HkkysjkoltZuf”ky doh & banzthr Hkkysjko 115 115 115 115 rsrsrsrs 119 119 119 119

21212121 izkizkizkizk---- MkW MkW MkW MkW---- n n n nÙÙÙÙkk=; Qydskk=; Qydskk=; Qydskk=; Qyds ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsph okVpky ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsph okVpky ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsph okVpky ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsph okVpky 120 120 120 120 rsrsrsrs 122 122 122 122

22222222 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- “kjn [kkaMsHkjkM “kjn [kkaMsHkjkM “kjn [kkaMsHkjkM “kjn [kkaMsHkjkM Xkzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd Xkzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd Xkzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd Xkzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsfLFkR;arjsfLFkR;arjsfLFkR;arjs 123 123 123 123 rsrsrsrs 125 125 125 125

23232323 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- Hkqisanzflax nsock Hkqisanzflax nsock Hkqisanzflax nsock Hkqisanzflax nsock jktiwr jktiwr jktiwr jktiwr

ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork & ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork & ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork & ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork &

Lo:iLo:iLo:iLo:i 126 rs 127126 rs 127126 rs 127126 rs 127

24242424 MkWMkWMkWMkW---- jkgqy v jkgqy v jkgqy v jkgqy v”kksd ikVhykksd ikVhykksd ikVhykksd ikVhy Ukkf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k Ukkf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k Ukkf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k Ukkf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k

dforkdforkdforkdfork 128 rs 134128 rs 134128 rs 134128 rs 134




III


25252525---- fuye izHkkdj ckxqyfuye izHkkdj ckxqyfuye izHkkdj ckxqyfuye izHkkdj ckxqy Jhdkar lkgscjko nsJhdkar lkgscjko nsJhdkar lkgscjko nsJhdkar lkgscjko ns”keq[kkkeq[kkkeq[kkkeq[kkaph ledkykps aph ledkykps aph ledkykps aph ledkykps

nLr,sothdj.k dj.kkjh dforknLr,sothdj.k dj.kkjh dforknLr,sothdj.k dj.kkjh dforknLr,sothdj.k dj.kkjh dfork 135 rs 135 rs 135 rs 135 rs 141414142222

26262626---- izkizkizkizk---- f’kans vkjf’kans vkjf’kans vkjf’kans vkj---- MhMhMhMh---- ejkBh dkO;krhy i;kZoj.kh; laosnukejkBh dkO;krhy i;kZoj.kh; laosnukejkBh dkO;krhy i;kZoj.kh; laosnukejkBh dkO;krhy i;kZoj.kh; laosnuk 141414143333 rs rs rs rs 149149149149

27272727---- ÁkÁkÁkÁk---- M‚M‚M‚M‚---- lqjs'k fouk;d lqjs'k fouk;d lqjs'k fouk;d lqjs'k fouk;d tk/kotk/kotk/kotk/ko

ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy fopkjn'kZuledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy fopkjn'kZuledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy fopkjn'kZuledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy fopkjn'kZu 150150150150 rs rs rs rs 156156156156

28282828---- MkWMkWMkWMkW---- fnyhi fnyhi fnyhi fnyhi ih ih ih ih---- iokjiokjiokjiokj ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy osnuk o ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy osnuk o ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy osnuk o ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy osnuk o

fonzksgfonzksgfonzksgfonzksg 157 rs 157 rs 157 rs 157 rs 163163163163




1


ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjs

izkizkizkizk---- dSykl dGdVsdSykl dGdVsdSykl dGdVsdSykl dGdVs

thounhi “kS{kf.kd laLFksps dyk] okf.kT; o foKku egkfo|ky; [kMhZ rk-“kgkiwj] ft-Bk.ks

izkLrkfod %izkLrkfod %izkLrkfod %izkLrkfod %

xzkeh.k dfork gk dkgh dforspk osxGk okM~%e; izdkj ukgh] R;keqGs *xzkeh.k dfork*

vls lacks/kr vlrkuk vki.k dks.kR;k Lo:ikP;k dforsyk] *xzkeh.k dfork* Eg.k.kkj vkgksr gs

Li’V dsys ikfgts- **xzkeh.k dforse/;s ckgÓokLRo gs [ksMs] fulxZ vkf.k ikjaikfjd ewY;s ;krwu

?kMysys xzkethou vkgs- vkf.k R;krwu vkdkj:ikyk vkysyh laosnu”khyrk R;k thoukrhy

vuqHkokfo’k;hP;k izfrfdz;k nsr vlrs- v”kk dforsP;k fufeZrhP;k cqMk”kh vlysyh

laosnu”khyrk gh xzkeh.k laosnu”khyrk vkgs- vkf.k v”kh dfork xzkeh.k vkgs-ß(1) FkksMD;kr T;k

dforsrwu xzkeh.k ijh?kkps fp=.k ;srs R;k dforkauk xzkeh.k dfork Eg.krk ;sbZy- xzkeh.k

dforsrwu O;Dr gks.kkjs izfrd] izfrek] :id] vk”k;] Hkk’kk”kSyh ;kapk osxGsi.kkgh ;sFks x`ghr

/kjysyk vkgs-

ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; %ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; %ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; %ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; %

^lqxh* iklwu lq: >kysyk xzkeh.k dforspk izokl vkt osxG;k okVsoj ;sÅu Fkkacyk

vkgs. dkj.k vkjaHkhP;k dkGkrhy xzkeh.k thoukps ^vizqi* vkt ^vkReHkkuk* ?ksrysys vkgs-

tkxfrdhdj.kkuarj xzkeh.k thoukr izpaM izek.kkr myFkk&ikyFkh ?kMysY;k vkgsr- R;keqGs

ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR;kfo’k;h MkW- x.ks”k ns”keq[k Eg.krkr Þ ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; gs

izsj.kkn`’VÓk vkiY;k iwoZijaijsr osxGs okVrs- [ksMÓkapk “kgjk”khp ukgh rj iw.kZ txk”kh laca/k

fuekZ.k >kY;kus vktpk xzkeh.k ys[kd ;k ifjorZukph fpfdRlk d: ikgrks- ^vkReHkku*

vkysyk xzkeh.k ek.kwl R;kdMs dsoG uoykbZus u c?krk “kks/kd utjsus c?krks- R;kpeqGs R;kps

thoufp= o fo”o vl.kkjs vktps lkfgR;gh cnyrs vkgs-Þ(2) gk cny QDr lkfgR;kP;k

vk”k;kP;k Lo:ikr ulwu rks vfHkO;Drh o Hkk’kk”kSyh ;k vuq’kaxkusgh vkgs- gs gksr vlrkuk

lkfgR;kpk dl gjor pkyysyk vkgs- ;kph [kar MkW- Hkk- y- HkksGs ;kauh O;Dr dsyh vkgs-ß

eq[; izokgkrhy lkfgR;kP;k {ks=krgh ;k dkGkps o.kZu ^ÚgklioZ vlsp djkos ykxsy- v{kj{k%

vrksukr Eg.krk ;sbZy- ,o<s lkfgR;kps mRiknu gksr vlwugh T;kyk xaHkhj lkfgR; l`tu

2



Eg.krk ;sbZy] R;kps izek.k ux.; vk<Grs- cktkjisBh; ekx.khuqlkj iqjoBk djrk ríu fpYyj

vuqHkokauk o ojojP;k rk.kr.kokauk ?ksÅup frFksgh cgqrsd ys[ku dsys tkrs-ß(3)

vls vlys rjh cnyysys lkekftd i;kZoj.k xzkeh.k ys[kdkauh o dohauh usedsi.kkus vkiY;k

dosr ?ksrysys fnlwu ;srs- dFkk] dknacjh] ukVd ;k okM~%e;izdkjkis{kk dforsrwu rs vf/kd

izd’kkZus tk.kors-dkj.k dqBY;kgh okM~%e; izdkjkis{kk mRdV vfHkO;Drh ifgY;kank dfork ;k

okM~%e; izdkjkr tk.kors-

xzkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjkps Lo:i%xzkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjkps Lo:i%xzkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjkps Lo:i%xzkeh.k dforsrhy fLFkR;arjkps Lo:i%

vjs cl >kY;k vkrk ikuQqykojP;kvjs cl >kY;k vkrk ikuQqykojP;kvjs cl >kY;k vkrk ikuQqykojP;kvjs cl >kY;k vkrk ikuQqykojP;k

“kgjh ekulkbZoj csrysY;k dfork“kgjh ekulkbZoj csrysY;k dfork“kgjh ekulkbZoj csrysY;k dfork“kgjh ekulkbZoj csrysY;k dfork

fnlrk dlk ukbZ rqekys <ksjkokuh ftuafnlrk dlk ukbZ rqekys <ksjkokuh ftuafnlrk dlk ukbZ rqekys <ksjkokuh ftuafnlrk dlk ukbZ rqekys <ksjkokuh ftua

tx.kkjk ek.kwl ftrk tkxrktx.kkjk ek.kwl ftrk tkxrktx.kkjk ek.kwl ftrk tkxrktx.kkjk ek.kwl ftrk tkxrk

vls ejkBh lkfgR;kyk Li’Vi.ks ctko.kkjh xzkeh.k dfork ;k dky[kaMkr eksBÓk

izek.kkr fyfgyh tkr vkgs- vkiys lexz lkekftd fLFkR;arj ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsus

dosr ?ksrysys fnlrs-

nq’dkGkps fp=.k nq’dkGkps fp=.k nq’dkGkps fp=.k nq’dkGkps fp=.k

nq’dkGkps fp=.k ;k dky[kaMkrhy dforsrwu eksBÓk izek.krwu O;Dr gksrkuk fnlrs-

nq’dkGkeqGs ek.klkps gks.kkjs gky] R;krwu ;s.kkjs nkfjnzÓ] igkM QksM.kkjk “ksrdjh dlk

dksyeMwu iMr vkgs- ;kps fp=.k toGikl lxGÓkp xzkeh.k dohauh vkiY;k dforsrwu dsysys

fnlwu ;srs-

nq’dkG nq’dkG] R;kr isVya vkHkkGnq’dkG nq’dkG] R;kr isVya vkHkkGnq’dkG nq’dkG] R;kr isVya vkHkkGnq’dkG nq’dkG] R;kr isVya vkHkkG

fdyksHkj feykslkBh dksldksl /kkoiGfdyksHkj feykslkBh dksldksl /kkoiGfdyksHkj feykslkBh dksldksl /kkoiGfdyksHkj feykslkBh dksldksl /kkoiG

tl jkua m.kxya] rla eu mcxyatl jkua m.kxya] rla eu mcxyatl jkua m.kxya] rla eu mcxyatl jkua m.kxya] rla eu mcxya

R;kr HkqR;kr HkqR;kr HkqR;kr Hkqdspk o.kok] pksdkGwu xycaydspk o.kok] pksdkGwu xycaydspk o.kok] pksdkGwu xycaydspk o.kok] pksdkGwu xycay----ÞÞÞÞ

;kpcjkscj fodklkP;k QlO;k ?kks’k.kk vkf.k ;kstuk ;krwu <ksaxh iq<k-;kapsp m[kG dls

ika<js gksrs vkf.k lkekU; ek.kwl ek= vkgs frFks dlk jkgrks gh oLrqfLFkrhgh vusd dfoauh

vkiY;k dforsrwu ekaMyh vkgs- Vh- ,l- ijns”kh] lq/kkdj xk;/kuh] eksgu ikVhy] vkck

xtirh] Q- e- “kgkftans] ukjk;.k lqear] nk- j- nGoh] okg: lksuko.ks] egs”k dsGwldj] izfrek

baxksys] banzftr Hkkysjko] ohj/koy ukjk;.k ijc] vfouk”k lkGkiqjhdj] vtc dkaMkj] izdk”k

dfuxkodj] ,dukFk ikVhy] mRre dksGxkodj] y{e.k egkfMd] panz”ks[kj eydei] lksiku

gkGedj b- dohauh xzkeh.k thoukrhy fodyrk] nkfjnzÓ] “kgjhdj.kkeqGs fuekZ.k gksr




3


pkyysyh lkekftd iM>M bR;knh leL;k usedsi.kkus gsjysY;k vkgsr- R;kp cjkscj vLekuh

vkf.k lqYrkuh ladV R;kyk vMp.khr vk.krkr-lkjh LoIu] LoIup jkgrkr- ;kfo’k;hps fp=.k

djrs-

“ksrd“ksrd“ksrd“ksrd-;kaP;k voLFksph dgk.kh;kaP;k voLFksph dgk.kh;kaP;k voLFksph dgk.kh;kaP;k voLFksph dgk.kh

lkykslky pkyr vkysY;k “ksrd-;kaP;k voLFksph dgk.kh izdk”k fduxkodj ;k

ifjfLFkrhr grcy gksÅu xkosP;k xkos d”kh vksl iMr pkyyh vkgsr ;kps useds fp=.k

lksiku gkGdk ;kauh js[kkVys vkgs-

uxj rs ukansMP;k vky?kVuxj rs ukansMP;k vky?kVuxj rs ukansMP;k vky?kVuxj rs ukansMP;k vky?kVkP;k jkaxsojkP;k jkaxsojkP;k jkaxsojkP;k jkaxsoj

o’kkZrwu ,dnkp Hkjrk nk.ks d.klkojo’kkZrwu ,dnkp Hkjrk nk.ks d.klkojo’kkZrwu ,dnkp Hkjrk nk.ks d.klkojo’kkZrwu ,dnkp Hkjrk nk.ks d.klkoj

Mksds dk<wu ikgk f[kMdhrwu izoklkrMksds dk<wu ikgk f[kMdhrwu izoklkrMksds dk<wu ikgk f[kMdhrwu izoklkrMksds dk<wu ikgk f[kMdhrwu izoklkr

xkMÓk fu?kkysY;k] lMdsP;k nksUgh cktwauh fnlrkrxkMÓk fu?kkysY;k] lMdsP;k nksUgh cktwauh fnlrkrxkMÓk fu?kkysY;k] lMdsP;k nksUgh cktwauh fnlrkrxkMÓk fu?kkysY;k] lMdsP;k nksUgh cktwauh fnlrkr----

ik[kjkaps tls LFkykarj gksrs ekSle cnyrkukik[kjkaps tls LFkykarj gksrs ekSle cnyrkukik[kjkaps tls LFkykarj gksrs ekSle cnyrkukik[kjkaps tls LFkykarj gksrs ekSle cnyrkuk

r”kh xkosP;k xkos fu?kkysyh lk[kj dkj[kkU;kaukr”kh xkosP;k xkos fu?kkysyh lk[kj dkj[kkU;kaukr”kh xkosP;k xkos fu?kkysyh lk[kj dkj[kkU;kaukr”kh xkosP;k xkos fu?kkysyh lk[kj dkj[kkU;kauk----

[ksMÓkaph xGs ?kksVwu “kgjkaph lwt ok<r pkyyh vkgs- vkf.k ifj.kkeh ukanR;k

?kjknkjkauk dMhdqyikaph lkFk vkyh vkgs- gh dohph [kar ^rqEgh xa/kh Ogk* ;k dforsr dohus

O;Dr dsyh vkgs-

d.kkaP;k “kks/kkr ijkxan >kysyh ik[kjsd.kkaP;k “kks/kkr ijkxan >kysyh ik[kjsd.kkaP;k “kks/kkr ijkxan >kysyh ik[kjsd.kkaP;k “kks/kkr ijkxan >kysyh ik[kjs

iqUgk vkiys ?kjVs “kks/kr ;srhyiqUgk vkiys ?kjVs “kks/kr ;srhyiqUgk vkiys ?kjVs “kks/kr ;srhyiqUgk vkiys ?kjVs “kks/kr ;srhy

rsOgk] rsOgkp gs vkslkM xko xksdwG grsOgk] rsOgkp gs vkslkM xko xksdwG grsOgk] rsOgkp gs vkslkM xko xksdwG grsOgk] rsOgkp gs vkslkM xko xksdwG gksbZyksbZyksbZyksbZy----

xkokps xkoi.kp tkxfrfddj.keqGs fu?kqu xsY;kph [kar gh vusd dohauh vkiY;k

dforsrqu O;Dr dsysyh fnlrs rlsp cny.kk-;k ifjfLFkrhr vkrk xkokfo’k;h Lor%ykp

vkiqydh jkg.kkj vkgs dk vlk iz”u gh Lor%yk fopkjrkuk fnlrkr-

rqVysi.kkpk vuqHkorqVysi.kkpk vuqHkorqVysi.kkpk vuqHkorqVysi.kkpk vuqHko

uksdjh O;olk;kfufeRr “kgjh thou txr vlysyk gk doh “kgjk”khgh ,d:i gksÅ

“kdyk ukgh rqVysi.kps vuqHko vusd doh vkiY;k dforsrqu O;Dr djrkuk fnlrkr-

eyk ;k “kgjkreyk ;k “kgjkreyk ;k “kgjkreyk ;k “kgjkr

tkLr osG jkgor ukgh js]tkLr osG jkgor ukgh js]tkLr osG jkgor ukgh js]tkLr osG jkgor ukgh js]

ekÖ;k vkBo.khus O;kdwG gksrkrekÖ;k vkBo.khus O;kdwG gksrkrekÖ;k vkBo.khus O;kdwG gksrkrekÖ;k vkBo.khus O;kdwG gksrkr

4



xkokdMY;k jkukr >jsxkokdMY;k jkukr >jsxkokdMY;k jkukr >jsxkokdMY;k jkukr >js----

v”kk izdkjps osxosxGs fo’k; ?ksÅu xzkeh.k vfo’dr gksr vkiY;k ledkykps fp=

js[kkVr vkgs- ;k ledkyhu dforsP;k vk”kkfo’k;h MkW- “ks’kjko eksfgrs Eg.krkr ß ,dk ijhus

vktph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork gs “ksrdjh dqVqackP;k vourhps iqjkos xksGk dj.;kps dke djhr

vkgs-;k n`’Vhugh rh ,d egRokpk lkekftd nLr,sot djrs vkgs-Þ

xzkeh.k dforsrhy Hkk’ksps cnyrs Lo:ixzkeh.k dforsrhy Hkk’ksps cnyrs Lo:ixzkeh.k dforsrhy Hkk’ksps cnyrs Lo:ixzkeh.k dforsrhy Hkk’ksps cnyrs Lo:i

vk/khP;k xzkeh.k dforsrwu cksyhHkk’kk lgt izxV gksr vls- rlsp xzkeh.k thoukps

fp=.k djrkuk ukxj cksyhrwugh gh dfork >kyh ek= ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork cksyhaP;k

fofo/k vaxksikaxklg Hkk’ksrhy O;kidRo izdV djhr vkgs- R;krqGs frP;k d{kk :ankoysY;k

fnlrkr dsoG tkR;kHkksorh dsafnzr vlysyh xzkeh.k dfork vkrk dzkarhph vkf.k fonzksgkph Hkk’kk

vksyrkuk fnlrs- rlsp vf/kd fprauxHkZ gksrkuk fnlrs- eq[; Eg.kts d’Vd-;kaP;k osnusyk

uok vFkZ ns.;kl l{ke Bjrs-

ch&ch;k.ks ch&ch;k.ks ch&ch;k.ks ch&ch;k.ks [kqi >kys A vkrk FkksMÓk fB.kX;k is:A[kqi >kys A vkrk FkksMÓk fB.kX;k is:A[kqi >kys A vkrk FkksMÓk fB.kX;k is:A[kqi >kys A vkrk FkksMÓk fB.kX;k is:A

v”kh fonzksgkph Hkk’kk vkrk rh cksyw ykxyh vkgs-

1990 uarjP;k xzkeh.k dforsr oSpkfjd] jktfd; tkf.kosP;k fr[kV mOnsx fdaok

mijksgiw.kZ] tkf.kosrwu fganh] baxzth rlsp vkRefo’dkjkaP;k n`f’Vus izknsf”kd cksyhrhu “kCnkapk

fLodkj gksr vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs-

FkksMD;kr ledkyhu dohauh eqDr “kSyhpk fLodkj dsysyk fnlwu ;srks-

lanHkZ lwph %lanHkZ lwph %lanHkZ lwph %lanHkZ lwph %

1½ tgkxhjnkj] fo”kky% e-lk-if=dk ¼xzkeh.k lkfgR; fo”ks’kkad½ tqyS&fMlsa 1980] i`-89

2½ ns”keq[k] x.ks”k% ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; laik- MkW- dkdMs] dkGs] i`-33

3½ HkksGs] Hkk- y-% izfr’Bku] lIVsacj&vkWDVkscj 2000] i`-41

4½ eksfgrs] “ks’kjko% ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; laik- MkW- dkdMs] dkGs] i`-145




5


ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjs

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- lat; f”kans lat; f”kans lat; f”kans lat; f”kans

izkpk;Z fttkekrk egkfo|ky;] uanwjckj] egkjk’Vª

xzkeh.k lkfgR;kph fufeZrh gh xzkeh.k laosnuf”kyrse/kwu >kysyh vlrs- xzkeh.k

thoukrhy lq[knq%[ks] p<mrkj] lkekftd fLFkrhxrh ;kckcrp doh] ys[kdkaph laosnuk xzkeh.k

lkfgR;krwu eq[kj gksrs- v”kk ;k xzkeh.k thoukps n”kZu ?kMfo.kk-;k okLrokps fp= js[kkV.kk-;k

xzkeh.k lkfgR;kpk izkjaHk gk lk/kkj.kr% vk/kqfud ejkBh lkfgR;kP;k cjkscjhusp >kysyk fnlwu

;srks-

Lokra«;ksRrj dkGkr ejkBh lkfgR;kr mn;kyk vkysY;k cgwtukaP;k vusd lkfgR;

izokgkaiSdh xzkeh.k lkfgR; izokg gk egRokpk lkfgR; izokg vkgs- lkfgR; gs dkGkps viR;

vlrs- lektkrhy lkekftd] lkaLdfrd] jktfd;] vkfFkZd ifjfLFkrhpk ifj.kke lkfgR;koj

gksr vlrks- lkfgfR;d laosnu”khy eukpk vlrks- lektkizrh R;kps vo/kku lrr tkxr

vlrs- dkGkP;k ik”oZHkwehoj ekuorsyk gkuhdkjd ?kVukaps rks ckjdkbZus fujh{k.k djr vlrks-

eukseu R;kps vUos’k.kgh djr vlrks- R;kP;k var%dj.kkr vkrY;k vkr gh izfdz;k pkyw vlrs-

ek= rs vks>s vlkg; >kys dh] rks rs “kCnkr ekaM.;kpk iz;Ru djrks- v”kkosGh rks okLro

ftoar dj.;klkBh R;kyk ts “kCn] tks ?kkV toGpk okVsy rks oki:u eksdGk gksrks vkf.k

lkfgR; tUekyk ;srs- lkfgR;ke/kwu dks.krkgh fopkj ,dk,dh ;sr ukgh- rks vk/kh lektkr

;srks- vkf.k uarj lkfgR;krwu izfrfcafcr gksrks-

Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k lekt O;oLFksps fp= ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr fnlrs- Hkkjrh; laLdrh

gh izkeq[;kus xzkeh.k laLdrh] “ksrh iz/kku laLdrh vkgs- egkRek Qqys ;kauh [ksM;krhy

loZlkekU; xzkeh.k ek.kwl] R;kps thou] R;kpk lkekftd fodkl gkp ys[kukpk dsanz fcanw

ekuyk- gkp fopkjkapk okjlk ?ksowu xzkeh.k lkfgR;kph fufeZrh gksÅykxyh- ejkBh xzkeh.k dFkk]

dforsrwu xzkeh.k okLrokps] xzkeh.k lekt thoukps fp= meVysys fnlrs- xzkeh.k lekt

thoukrhy thou i/nrh] [ksMs] [ksM;k”kh layXu vlysys d`’khthou] [ksM;krhy tuthoukps

nq%[k] g’kZ] nkfjnz;] la?k’kZ] :<h] ijaijk] laLdrh ;k lk-;kapk lekos”k ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsr

vkysyk vkgs-

6



ejkBh xzkeh.k dforspk lqjokrhpk VIik Eg.kwu Þjfofdj.k eaMGß vkf.k ÞlqxkZß gk x-G-

BksdG ;kauh laikfnr dsysyk xzkeh.k dforklaxzg ;kapk ukefunsZ”k djkok ykxrks- ;kuarjP;k

dkGkr lksikunso pkS/kjh] ok-x-ekenso] ds-ukj[ksMs] uk-?k-ns”kikaMs ;kaph xzkeh.k dfork

mYys[kuh; Bjrs- 1950-60 gk dky[kaM ns[khy xzkeh.k lkfgR;kpk HkjHkjkVhpk dky[kaM

fnlrks- 1960 uarj [k-;k vFkkZus ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR; o`f/naxr Ogko;kl lq:okr >kyh-

osxosxG;k lkfgR; izdkjkauh ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR;kps nkyu [kqyw ykxys- ;kp dkGkr

cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh ;kauh vLly xzkeh.k Hkk’ksr] xzkeh.k lekt thoukps fp=.k R;kauh vkiY;k

dforsrwu dsysys vkgs-

cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh uarj xzkeh.k dforsrhy egRokpk VIik Eg.kwu vkuan ;kno ;kaP;k

dforkapk funsZ”k dsyk tkrks- doh vkuan ;kno ;kaP;k leFkZ ys[kukrwu mn;kl vkysyh

lkBksRrjh xzkeh.k dfork iq<s uk- /kks- egkuksj ljksthuh ckcj] jktk egktu] lnkf”ko ekGh]

foB~By ok?k ;kaph xzkeh.k lekt thoukps fp=.k dj.kkjh ejkBh xkzeh.k dfork fnlrs-

Lokra«;ksRrj dkGkr [ksM;ke/kwu eksB;k izek.kkr ifjorZu >kys- xkoxkM;kauh c/n vlysyk]

,desdkaP;k lyks[;kus] vk/kkjkus jgk.kkjk] ijLijkafo’k;h vkReh; Hkkouk Bso.kkjk xko cnyyk]

dkyijRos xzkeh.k thou cnyys] thoukps Lo:i cnyys] lektkph n`’Vh cnyrs] R;kps vkpkj

fopkj cnyrkr- ek.klkaP;k-lektkP;k HkkSfrd o ,sfgd xjtk cnyrkr- ;k loZ fLFkR;arjkpk

xzkeh.k lkfgR;kojgh fofo/k izdkjs ifj.kke >kyk- lektkP;k izR;sd {ks=krhy fLFkR;arjkpk R;k

lektkP;k jgk.khekukoj] thou“kSyhj ifj.kke ?kMr vlrks o R;krwu lkekftd fLFkR;arj

?kMr vlrs- lektkr dkgh egRokP;k fLFkR;arjkl dkj.khHkwr Bj.kk-;k ?kVuk ?kMr vlrkr-

R;k ?kVukapk lk{khnkj vl.kkjk laosnu”khy eukpk doh xIi jgk.ks “kD; ukgh- rks R;k

cnykph] fLFkR;arjkP;k] fuekZ.k >kysY;k lkekftd la?k’kkZph “kgkfu”kk d:u R;k ?kVukaps]

lkekftd la?k’kkZps R;kekxhy rRoKkukps “kCn:i vkiY;k dforsrwu xzkeh.k doh ekaMw ykxys-

xzkeh.k lkfgR;kph pGoG lq: >kY;kuarj xzkeh.k dfork eksB;k izek.kkoj fyfgyh

tkÅykxyh- 1980-81 uarj rh xzaFk:ikus iq<s ;sÅykxyh- gh dfork ^^dkO;xq.kkr^^ deh

vlyh rjh frP;krwu O;Dr gksÅ igk.kkjh tk.kho uksan ?ks.;k tksxh gksrh------ vk”k;kfHkO;Drhps

loZ ladsr cktwyk lk:u gs doh ljG thoukuqHkokyk fHkMysys fnlrkr vls fujh{k.k MkW-

jfoanz Bkdwj ;kauh uksanfoys vkgs-

xzkeh.k Hkkxkryk ek.kwl okpw ykxyk] fygw ykxyk R;krwup xzkeh.k lekt thoukps]

okLrokps fp=.k xzkeh.k dforsr ;sÅykxys- [ksM;krhy uoh fi<h f”k{k.kkeqGs fopkjh cuyh

frph vfLerk] lkekftd tk.khok ok<hl ykxY;k- R;keqGs e/;eoxhZ; “kgjfLFkr ys[kdkauh




7


fyfgysY;k xzkeh.k lkfgR;ke/;s R;kauk m.khok tk.kow ykxY;k gs [k-;k vFkkZus xzkeh.krsps fp=.k

ukgh- gs R;kaP;k y{kkr ;sÅykxys- vkiys vuqHko vki.kp fpf=r djkosr ;k vfLersrwu R;kauh

ys[kuh gkrh /kjyh- R;kr [ksM;kaps okLro fp=.k ;sÅykxys- cksyh Hkk’kspk okij gksÅykxyk-

xzkeh.k lekt thoukdMs xkafHkZ;kus c?k.kkjh o cnyR;k lektthokus fp= vkiY;k dkO;krwu

ekaM.kkjh uoh fi<h mn;kl vkyh-

;kr izkeq[;kus foB~By ok?k] iq:’kksRre ikVhy] ,dukFk ns”keq[k] izHkkdj pkS/kjh] ek/ko

Fkksjkr] ukjk;.k dqyd.khZ] mRre dksGxkodj] txnh”k nsoiwjdj] jktu xol] ukjk;.k lqear]

“kf”kdkar f”kans] lw;ZHkku pOgk.k] m’kk Hkkysjko] lfr”k f”kjlkB] HkkLdj cMs] xksfoan FksVs] eksgu

ikVhy] banzftr Hkkysjko] y{e.k egkfMd] izdk”k gksGdj] jkolkgsc dqoj vknh ejkBh xzkeh.k

dfoauh cnyR;k xzkeh.k lekt thoukps fp= R;kauh vkiY;k dforsrwu ekaMys vkgs-

1991 rs 1999 ;k dky[kaMkrhy foB~By ok?k ;kaph ejkBh xzkeh.k dkO;laink vR;ar eksykph o

egRokph vkgs- ‘dk;k ekrhr ekrhr’¼1991½] ‘oSnHkhZ’,‘lk;’, ‘dik”khph panzQwys’¼1999½bR;knh

R;kaps dkO;laxzg vkgsr- foB~By ok?kkaP;k dforsrwu izn”kZfup tk.kors rs gs dh] gh dfork

xzkeh.k cksyhrwu vkf.k xzkeh.k thoukP;k lokZaxkus izdVrs- R;kaP;k dforsph izkeq[;kus nksu

oSf”k’V;s vkgsr- ,d Eg.kts gh dfork lkSn;kZuqHkokHkksorh ?kksVkGrs o nqljs Eg.kts ;k dforsrwu

lkekftd nq%[kkaps vkadzn.k vk<Grs- ‘i-gkVh’, ‘ik.kh’, ‘lks;fjd’, ‘fcYyksj’, ‘jkr’, ‘dG’,

‘yoax’, ‘iksjh’ ,‘Hkje’, bR;knh dforkae/kwu dfoph lkSn;kuqHko o lkekftd tk.kho izdV

gksrs- xzkeh.k tk.khokaph dfork Eg.kts foB~By ok?k ;kaph dfork-

‘jkujax’ gk “kjn ns”keq[kkapk 1989 lkyh izfl/n >kysyk dkO;laxzg rs Lo%rkp ;k

laxzgkP;k euksxrkr fyfgrkr “,dh dMs ek>s eu lkekftd rj nqljhdMs eh T;k ekrhr

ok<yks R;k ekrhua le`/n gksr gksrks- eqGkr ek>k tUe “ksrdjh dqVwackr fulxkZ”kh ukra tksMw

igk.kkjh ek>h dfork ,dhdMs tUe ?ksr gksrh rj nqljhdMs lkekftd dfork-”

uoksnRrjh dkGkr ts doh fygw ykxys R;ke/khy egRokps uko Eg.kts banzftr Hkkysjko

‘fidik.kh’¼1989½] ‘vkEgh dkckMkps /kuh’¼1992½] ‘nwj jkfgyk xko’¼1994½]‘Vkgks’¼2004½]

bR;knh R;kaps xzkeh.k thoukpk vfo’dkj ?kMfo.kkjs dkO;laxzg vkgsr- Lokra«;ksRrj dkGkr

[ksM;krhy ifjorZu] ,desdkaP;k lyks[;kus] vk/kkjkus jgk.kkjk] ijLijkafo’k;h vkReh; eku

Bso.kkjk xko cnyyk] [ksM;kph le`/nh vkf.k lkSn;Z u’V >kys ;kaph [kar doh banzftr

Hkkysjko ;kaP;k ‘nwj jkfgyk xko’ ;k dkO;laxzgkrwu Bk;h Bk;h tk.kors-

8



txnh”k dne gs izkeq[;kus xzkeh.k dFkkdkj Eg.kwu vksG[kys tkrkr] ijarq R;kapk ‘jkl

vkf.k Mksaxj’¼1999½] gk xzkeh.k thoukrhy ifjorZukph vkf.k ;k ifjorZukr mn~/oLr >kysY;k

xzke O;oLFksph uksan ?ks.kkjk ,d y{k.kh; vlk dkO;laxzg vkgs- ‘lkoyh’ ;k dforsr rs

Eg.krkr-

‘tqu xko uo >kya] “kukdr dk; cksys A ikan fgjO;k iaxkph] fryk Mkacj Qklys’

vkf.k v”kk xkokap fp=ap dl cnyya gs rs ;k dforsrwu ekaMrkr- >km xsyh] eG.kh

;a= vky] fxj.kh vkyh] jktdj.k vkya vkf.k tquh xzke laLdrh u’V >kyh ;kp nq%[k vkgs-

eqD;k cSykaukgh ek.klkpk yGk ykxrks- jk=afnol vkiY;k cjkscjhus dke dj.kkjk] ek;k

dj.kkjk /kqjdj.kh tkrks rsOgk

‘ysdjkpk cki xsyk] mHkk /kkj.k eksMykA ekmyhP;k vkdkarku] /khj cSykapk [kpyk’

xzkelaLdrh u’V >kyh] xzkeh.k lekt thoukps fp=.k R;kaP;k ‘cSy’ ;k dforsr ekaMysys vkgs-

txnh”k dne ;kauk xzkeh.k okLrokph vkf.k rsFkhy vusd injh leL;kaph mRre tk.k vkgs-

R;kaP;k Hkk’ksrhy lgtrk R;kaph dfork lksih djrs-

;k njE;kuP;k dkGkrp vR;ar dlnkj] nenkj o izR;;dkjh xzkeh.k dforkap ys[ku

dj.kkjk doh Eg.kts Jhdkar ns”keq[k ‘cGhoar’¼1997½] o ‘vk’kk<ekrh’¼2004½]gs R;kaps vHkax

Nankr fyfgysys egRokps vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsyk ,dk uO;k oG.kkoj us.kkjs laxzg vkgsr-

‘:e.ka’¼2001½];k fdlu ?kk:Gs ;kaP;k dfork laxzgkrhy dforkae/kwu lksf”kd&d’VkGw

“ksrd&;kaP;k ekufldrspa] R;kaP;k o`Rrh&izo`Rrkhap vfr”k; LokHkkfod n”kZu ?kMra- [ksM;krhy

ek.klkpa vKku] nq%[kHkksxh th.ka] R;kapa mn~/oLr gks.kkja xko] xkokrhy cnyr tk.kkja lekt

thou ^f”kokj ekFkk^ ¼1996½ ;k izHkkdj xqaMkGs ;kaP;k dkO;laxzgkrwu vR;ar izR;;dkjh vkya

vkgs- ^dksjMs u{k+=^ ¼1997½ e/khy izdk”k gksGdj ;kaph dfork ;k n”kdkrhy cnyR;k lekt

thoukps] xzkeh.k okLrokps fp=.k dj.kkjh dfork vkgs-

doh jkolkgsc dqoj ^xfgojysyk ikÅl^ ¼2004½ vkf.k ^gjoysY;k vkoktkph fQ;kZn^

¼2017½ ;k dkO;laxgkrwu xzkeh.k leku thoukps lkjs Hk;kog okLro leFkZi.ks ekaMysys fnlrs-

^rq Qqykapk ?kksl ek>k] rj lqxa/kh “okl ek>k A eh xGk ?;kok [kq”khus] rw vlk xGQkl

ek>k^

MjdkGh QksM.;klkBh rkdn vlwugh Xykscksyk;>s”kuP;k ;k xksaxkVkr fdR;sdkapk vkokt dlk

gjoyk vkgs] ;k okLrorsph /kXk ekaM.kkjk gk dkO;laxzg vkgs-

^Xykscy Xykscy djrk djrk] xko >kya xksxyxk;Abap bap tfeuhe/;s] >kMwu &gk;ya

gkrik;^




9


xko[ksM;kryk ek.klkapa mn~/oLr thou doh izd’kkZus ekaMrkr- xko txq nsr ukgh]

“kgj rxw nsr ukgh] gk Xykscy ukokpk dksGh Vkdwu clyk tkGh] vMdwu ftP;ke/;s

QMQMrs vkgs- v[[kh fi<h] tqU;k fi<hP;k rMQMhlg--- gk vkØks”k dkGtkpk Bko ?ksrks-

^^jktiwr ulyk rjh] cq/n gks.;kP;k izfdz;srwu tkr vlrks doh

vkf.k igkr vlrks LoIus] leLr fo”okP;k mRFkkukph^^

doh jkolkgsc dqoj ;kaP;k dforsrhy vkRkZrk] vkxfrdi.ks] grcy >kysys “ksrd&;kaps

thou] xkoxkMk] “ksrh Hkkrh vkf.k ukrh ;kaps vuqca/k ekaMr gh dfork lkdkjrs- jatuoknh]

xaqtuoknh] dYiusP;k fo”okr gh dfork jer ukgh- rj cnyR;k lkekftrd thoukps

okLroknh fopkj izorZd vkf.k izkHkkfod vuqHko js[kkVrkauk fnlrs-

folkO;k “krdkP;k v[ksj vkf.k ,dfolkO;k “krdkP;k vkjaHkh xzkeh.k thou”kSyhP;k

lekt thoukP;k fLFkR;arjkl dkj.khHkwr Bj.kk&;k T;k ?kVuk ?kMr xsY;k] ts ifjorZu gksr

xsys R;kpk lk{khnkj vl.kkjs laosnu”khy eukps doh banzftr Hkkysjko ;kapk ^Vkgks ] y{e.k

egkfMd ;kapk ^dq.kC;kph dfork^ txnh”k dne ;kapk ^jkl Mksaxj^] f”kokth ejxG ;kapk

^xkodGk^] Jhdkar ns”keq[k ;kapk ^cGhoar^ o ^vk’kk<ekrh^ izdk’k gksGdj ;kapk ^dksjMs u{k=^]

Kkus”oj dksGh ;kapk ^vkdk”k isyrkauk^ vkf.k doh jkolkgsc dqoj ;kapk ^xfgojysyk ikÅl^ o

^gjoysY;k vkoktkph fQ;kZn^ bR;knh dkO;laxzgkae/kwu orZeku ladze.kdkGkr xzkeh.k

ek.klkaP;k vk;q’;kr ;s.kkjs p<&mrkj] cny vkf.k O;Fkk&osnuk ;kaps izR;;dkjh n”kZu rj

?kMrsp i.k <klGr tk.kkjh xzkeh.k laLdrh o xzkeh.k thou”kSyh] xzkeh.k lekt thoukps

okLro fp= vR;ar izR;;dkjh Hkk’ksr vfoLdkfjr >kys vkgs-

lanHkZxzaFk lwphlanHkZxzaFk lwphlanHkZxzaFk lwphlanHkZxzaFk lwph

1- dqyd.khZ xks- es- ^vk/kqfud ejkBh dfork dkgh :is dkgh jax^] esgrk ifCy- iq.ks] 1991-

2- lkosZdj dSykl] êjkBh xzkeh.k dforspk bfrgkl^] esgrk ifCy- gkÅl iq.ks] iz- vk- 1999-

3- eqGhd fdrhZ] ^xzkeh.k lkfgR;kph pGoG^] Lusgo/kZu izdk”ku iq.ks iz- vk- 2011-

4- eqykVs oklqnso] ^xzkeh.k lkfgR; fparu vkf.k ppkZ ] Lo:i izdk”ku] vkSjaxkckn] iz- vk- 2008-

5- ;kno vkuan] êjkBh lkfgR; lekt vkf.k laLdrh^] esgrk ifCy- iq.ks] iz-vk- 1985-

6- ;kno vkuan] ^xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo:i vkf.k leL;k^] esgrk ifCy- gkÅl iq.ks] iz- vk- 1993-

7- ;kno vkuan] ^1960 uarjph lkekftd fLFkrh vkf.k lkfgR;krhy uos izokg^] esgrk i- iq.ks]

2001-

8- ;kno vkuan] ^xzkeh.krk lkfgR; vkf.k okLro^] esgrk ifCy- iq.ks] iz-vk- 1981-

9- tk/ko xtkuu] êjkBh dfork Lo:i vkf.k “kks/k^] vFkoZ izdk”ku tGxkao] 2017-

10- xqatkG ckGklkgsc] êjkBh dfork vkdyu vkf.k vkLokn^] “kCnky; izdk”ku Jhjkeiwj] 2015-

10



ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhYk okLrfodrkledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhYk okLrfodrkledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhYk okLrfodrkledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhYk okLrfodrk

fl)kFkZ uorqjsfl)kFkZ uorqjsfl)kFkZ uorqjsfl)kFkZ uorqjs

la'kks/ku fo|kFkhZ

Hkkjrh; Lokra«;kP;k ,dk rikuarj ejkBh lkfgR;ke/;s nfyr] xzkeh.k] vkfnoklh]

L=hoknh vls “kks’kukfo:) caM d: ikg.kkjs] lerkewyd O;oLFkk fuekZ.k d: ikg.kkjs ok³~e;

izokgkpk mn; >kyk- ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR;krwu “ksrhO;olk;k”kh fuxfMr vl.kkjk eksBÓk

lektlewgkP;k O;Fkk] osnuk vkf.k R;k fojks/kkr fonzksg d: ikg.kkjk ok³~e; izokg vkgs-

ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork vf/kd tkxÞdrsus leksj vkgs- xzkeh.k dohrspk fopkj djhr vlrkuk

Hkk- jk- rkacs] panz”ks[kj ;kaP;k dohrkiklwu xzkeh.k dohrk gs fo”ks"k.k ykoY;k xsys- x- y-

BksdGkauh laiknhr dsysY;k ^lqxh^ gk d Þ’kh thoukoj vk/kkfjr dfoaP;k dfork laxzgke/;s

izkeq[;kus Jh- ck- jkuMs] ck- Hk- cksjdj ok-Hkk- ikBd] fo-l- [kkaMsdj] lksikunso pkS/kjh] ok-xks

ek;nso] uk- x- ns”kikaMs] x-y- BksdG] vuar dk.ksdj] ;”koar] v”kksd] Qfdj ;k izfl)

dfoaP;k dfork izfl) >kY;k- ;k dforkiklwu xzkefp=.kkyk lqjokr >kyh- d Þ’.kkjko Hkkysjko]

eqdqanjko ikVhy] fxjh”k] ch- j?kqukFk] cgh.kkckbZ] vkuan ;kno] uk-/kks- egkuksj] foB~By ok?k]

ukjk;.k dqyd.khZ doBsdj] jktu xol] banzthr Hkkysjko bR;knh vkjaHkhP;k xzkeh.k thoukpk

fulxkZP;k ygjh] xzkelaLd Þrh] ewY;Hkko ;k dfoaP;k dforke/kwu vfo’dÞr >kyk vkgs-

,dw.k xzkeh.k lkfgR;kpk fopkj djhr vlrkuk e- Qqys ;kaP;k lkfgR;kpk mYYks[k

djkok ykxrks- e- Qqys d Þrh”khy ys[kd doh gksrs- vU;k; vR;kpkjkph R;kauk izpaM fpM gksrh-

e- Qqys ;kauh vkiY;k iz[kj cq)heRRksP;k tksjkoj lektthoukoj xqykehP;k fojks/kkr vkiY;k

dforkaP;k ek/;ekrwu vklwM vks<ys- d’VdÚ;kaP;k xqykexhjhyk] R;kaP;k vU;k;] vR;kpkjkl

dkj.khHkwr ?kVdkykp R;kauh tksjnkj ekjk fnyk- e- Qqys Eg.krkr]

vkys mik/ks HkV ogk ikapkpk xVA tewu djh oVoVAA

gkr iljhrh pV gksrk nf{k.kk ?kVA d’kh o:u yxVAA

esjh rqacMh Hkj nsA esjh rqacMh Hkj ns AA

,dhdMs “ksrdjh vkf.k “ksrhoj d’Vdjh oxZ gokynhy >kyk vkgs- i.k R;kaP;k d’Vkoj

vk;rs [kk.kkjs HkV ek= foyklkr thou txr vkgsr- e- Qqys ;kaP;k dkGkr “ksrdÚ;kaph nqgsjh

yqV lq: gksrh- ,dk cktwus rkRdkyhu baxzt jktoVhdMwu “ksrdjh YkqVY;k tkr rj nqljhdMs

lRRkk/kkjh baxztkdMwu yqV gksr gksrh- e- Qqys ;kauh “kks’k.kkps eq[; dkj.k “kks/kwu R;klanHkkZr rs

Eg.krkr]




11


fo|s fouk erh xsyh] erhfouk uhrh xsyh

uhrh fouk xrh xsyh] xrh fouk foÙk xsys

foRRkfouk “kqnz [kpys] brds vuFkZ ,dk vfo|sus dsys]

f”k{k.k ?ksÅu Kkuh gksÅu vkiys gDd ?ksrys ikfgts R;klkBh fo|k ?ksryh ikfgts-

“kqnzkfr”kqnzkaP;k xqykexhjhP;k eqGk”kh dsoG R;kph vlysyh ekufld xqykexhjhP;k eqGk”kh

dsoG R;kph vlysyh ekufld xqykexhjhp tckcnkj vkgs- Eg.kwu f”k{k.kkl vf/kdps egRRo

e- Qqys nsrkauk fnlrkr- e- Qqys ;kauh foiwy izek.kkr fy[kk.k dsys- x|ys[kuklg] r Þrh; jRu]

xqykexhjh] “ksrdÚ;kpk vklwM] lkoZtfud lR;/keZ] fuca/kys[ku] lRlkj] b”kkjk] gaVj deh”ku]

vk;ksxkleksj lknj dsysys fuosnu] czkEg.kkaps dlc] i|ys[ku] iksokMk] v[kaM] i=ys[ku

bR;knhiklwu e- Qqys ;kaph d’Vdjh] nfyr] “kks’ku O;oLFks fojks/kkr ij[kMi.ks vkokt

mBforkuk e- Qqys ;kaP;k e ÞR;wuarj {kh.k >kysY;k dforkus Hkkjrh; Lokra«;kuarj [kÚ;k vFkkZus

ckGls /kjys- 1980 uarj Hkkjrh; lekteu >ikV~;kus cny.;kl lq:okr >kyh- 1990 yk

tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k vkxeukuarj iqUgk ,dnk xkokr jkg.kkjk loZgkjk oxZ] “ksrdjh oxZ]

“ksretwj] vkBjk ixM tkrh&tekrhoj ;k tkxfrdhdj.kkpk izHkko iMysyk fnlwu ;srks-

ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforkapk fopkj djhr vlrkuk lekt&lewg dks.kR;k voLFkkrwu

tkrks vkgs gs letwu ?ks.ks xjtsps vlrs- dkj.k ys[kd&doh lektkrp jkgr vlY;kus

vkiY;k laosnuf”kyrsus rks gs ckjdkos fVir vlrks- rsp O;Dr gksr vlrks- xzkeh.k

lekt&lewgkrhy loZoxkZP;k O;Fkk] osnuk] fonzksg] xzkeh.k dforsrwu ;s.ks visf{kr vkgs ek=

xzkeh.k dfork dqBsrjh deh vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs- 1960 yk nfyr lkfgR; vkys- R;krwu nfyr

ys[kd doh T;k rkdnhus fygrkauk fnlrkr R;kp rkdnhus xzkeh.k ys[kd doh fygrkauk

fnlr ukgh- Ek- Qqys] e- xka/kh] “kkgw egkjkt] MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj ;kaukp xzkeh.k lkfgR;

nsf[ky izsj.kk ekurs- rjhns[khy [kar dj.;klkBh vkt ifjfLFkrh vkgs vls [ksnkus Eg.kkosp

ykxrs-

ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfoae/;s dkgh egÙokP;k dfoauh ek= e- Qqys ;kaP;k fopkjkpk

okjlk tiyk vkgs- banzftr Hkkysjko Eg.krkr dh] “ksrdjh fu;kstuk vHkkoh tj vkRegR;k

djhr vlsy rj iariz/kkukps nsf[ky fu;kstu ulrs ex rks dk vkRegR;k djhr ukgh- vktgh

izkphu O;oLFkk cÚ;kpva'kh dke djrkauk fnlr vkgs- izLFkkihr O;oLFksps “kks’k.k dj.ks dkgh

vkt ?kMhyk Fkkacysys ukghp Eg.kwu “ksrdÚ;kaP;k eqykauk “kks’k.kdrhZ tekrhps fuV vkdyu

gks.ks xjtsp vkgs banzftr Hkkysjko Eg.krkr]

12



^^f”kd ckck f”kd y<k;k f”kd

maVkgwu “ksG~;k gkdh ljdkj “kgk.ka-----

rqp fnyh lRRkk R;kyk ikMk;yk f”kdAA

e- Qqys ;kaP;k ys[kuhus rkRdkyhu lektkyk tkxÞrhlkBh f”k{k.kkps egRRo iVowu fnys

gksrs rsp egÙo iVowu ns.;kps dke banzftr Hkkysjko ;kaph dfork djrkauk fnlr vkgs- dfcj]

rqdk] Qqysaps vkn”kkZps cksy Qqdkp ?kkyoys dk;? v”kh vkReVhdk djrkauk rs Eg.krkr-

^^ftokapk fuekZrk lÞ’Vhpk fufeZd

ekxrkgs Hkhd nkjksnkjh

dchj tksrhck cksyyk rs rqdk

lkjsp dk Qqdk xsysr

“ksrdÚ;kaP;k vkRegR;kpk vkdMk fnolsafnol ok<r pkyyk vkgs] vkiY;k “ksrdjh

ckikus vkRegR;spkp ekxZ iRdjY;kus nq%[khr gksÅu bfrgklkps nk[kys nsr doh banzftr

Hkkysjko fygrkr]

^^vla Eg.krkr dh rq÷;k vkRegR;spk bfrgklgh

ia<jiwjP;k ;k=sbrdkp tquk vkgs

rqdkjkegh R;kp okVsua xsY;kP;k ikÅy[kq.kk

eqDrhP;k dks.krk ekxZ nk[kforkr^^

orZekudkyhu “ksrdjh vkLekuh lqYrkuh v”kk nksUgh ladVkr lkiMyk vkgs- uxnh fid

Eg.kwu rks dkilkps fid fidforks vkgs- dik”khoj cksaMvGh lkj[;k jksxkus mHk “ksr csdkeh

gksr vkgs- “ksrdÚ;kaP;k gkrwu uxnh fid xsY;kuarj ?kjkrhy d.kxhr nk.ks nsf[ky f”kYYkd

jkgr ukgh dkj.k “ksrdjh oxkZus vkiY;k “ksrkr uxnh fidkph ykxoM dsysyh vlrs- ;k

lanHkkZr Ik”pkrki O;Dr djrkauk izdk”k fduxkodj Eg.krkr] ex okVk;yk ykxya] Tokjh rjh

isjyh vlrh funku lkyHkj d.kxhr] nkuk jkfgyk vlrk] f”kok; <ksjkaP;k [kqaV~;koj dMC;kpk

rksVk-^^

izdk'k fduxkodjkauh “ksrdÚ;kaP;k O;Fkk] osnuk&nq%[k lkax.kkÚ;k dfork fygY;k vkgsr-

“ksrdÚ;kauh jDrkps ik.kh d:u dkilkps fid fidowugh fodzhP;k osGh gks.kkÚ;k gsGlkaMh

lanHkkZr doh v”kksd n©aaM Eg.krkr]

^^cktkjkr dkilkph] gksr xsyh /kGekrh

MksGÓkiq<a va/kkjkP;k] vkY;k yk[k&yk[k jkrh

dq.kC;kP;k ekiklkBh fnl ykxs] bl&rhl

O;kikÚ;kP;k dkilkyk] eki tla vkya rla ^




13


“ksrdÚ;kaP;k nq%[k] osnuk dkilkP;k uxnh fidkus nwj gks.;k,soth tkLr gksrkr] R;keqGs

“ksrdjh gokynhy gksrks R;kP;k nq%[kkyk lhek jkgr ukgh- “ksrh fVdok;php vlsy rj

R;klkBh tksM/kank dj.ks xjtsps vlrs- nq/k O;olk; gk lksbZpk tksM/kank vlY;kus “ksrdjh

xkbZ] Eglh ikGrkr ijarq R;k nq/kkyk ;ksX; Hkko feGr ukgh] R;k lanHkkZr dYiuk nq/kkG

Eg.krkr]

^^ftFk nq/kkyk ik.;kph fdaer vlrs

frFk jDrkpa ik.kh d:u

nq/kkP;k fdVY;k Hkj.;kr

dk; vFkZ vkgs ^

fulxkZus fnysY;k loZ ?kVdkaoj ekuokus rkck feGowu R;kph ekydh gDd r¨ lkaxw

ykxyk vkgs- v”kk osGh ekrh dk; Eg.ksy] dYiuk nq/kkG ;kaP;k dfork laxzgkps ukop ^fl>j

dj Eg.krs ekrh^ vls vkgs- vR;k/kqfud “ksrh i)rheqGs ,dhdMs “ksrhrwu vf/kd mRiUUk fido.ks

“kD; vlys] rjhgh “ksrhps gksr vlysys uqdlku nqyZ{k dj.;klkj[ks eqGhp ukgh- dYiuk

nq/kkG ;kaP;k ;k laxzgkrwu R;kauh froz fonkjd vlk dkO;kRe ijke”kZ ?ksryk vkgs- xkokr

jktdkj.kkus dsysyh /kqG/kkuhus ikj ekrsjs >kys vkgs- xV&rV ikMwu xko iq<kjh vkiyh iksGh

Hkktwu ?ksrkr- xko lq/kkj.;klkBh dq.kh iq<s >kysp rj] R;kpk vkokt nkcY;k tkrks- R;k

lanHkkZr doh vt; dkaMj Eg.krkr-

^^vki.kp vkgksr ;k Hkkxkps j[koynkj lkaxr

Bsorhy [kMk igkjk rqeP;k ikoykikoykoj

fu’kk.ka dq.kkph rjh ?ksÅu gkrkgkrkr

Hkxoh] fuGh] fdaok frjaxhgh^^

tkrhikrhP;k ukokus jktdkj.k d:u r:.kkps ekFks HkMdfoY;k tkr vkgs R;kps fp=.k

dkaMj eksB~;k [kqchus vkiY;k dkO;kr djrkuk fnlrkr- ledkyhu xzkeh.k ejkBh dforke/;s

fyg.kkjs] y{e.k egkMhd] lnkuan ns”keq[k] v”kksd dksGh] Jhjke xOgk.ks] ukjk;.k] lqear]

“kadjjko fn?ks] ds”ko ns”keq[k] v”kksd dksroky] ,dukFk ikVhy] ohj/koy ijc] “k”khdkar

f”kans] ckykth enu baxGs] ,s”o;Z ikVsdj] lafni txnkGs] Hkxoku QkGds vkf.k vxnh

dforsP;k ek/;ekrwu nzksg dj.kkjs dh larks’k in~ekdj iokj R;kaph ,d lk/;k xzkeh.k cksyh

Hkk’ksrhy dfoarklg ;k Y¨[kkpk lekjï dj.¨ mfpr okVrs-

^^MksD;kojpk ijdk gkrkua lRojhr

dkGsdqGs dkdk cksyys fe”kh pkpihr

14



^^ysdjk] xkMxh eMdh dq.khi.k ?kMay

fp[ky v/kh eGyk ikfgts

vlyk eGyk ikfgts

vlYkk eGYkk ikfgts

dh gkrkr xksGk ?ksrk;

gkrkyk vkdkj dGyk ikfgts ^

lanHkZ %lanHkZ %lanHkZ %lanHkZ %

1- egkRek Qqys & egkRek Qqys] lexz ok³~e;] laik- dhj /kuat;] eky”ks la-x- izdk”kd]

egkjk’Vª “kklu] eqacbZ] 2006-

2- banzftr Hkkysjko] isjk] tu”kDrh okpd pGoG] vkSjaxkckn] 2010- frljh vko ÞRRkh-

3- banzftr Hkkysjko] nqj jkfgyk xko] izfrHkkl izdk”ku] ijHk.kh] r Þrh;ko ÞRRkh] 2009-

4- banzftr Hkkysjko] Vkgks] 2002-

5- xkokP;k vkdkHkksorh] ikWI;qyj izdk'ku] eqacbZ] 2006-

6- nq/kkG dYiuk] fl>j dj Eg.krs ekrh] gsfeZl izdk'ku-

7- vt; dkaMj] vkokuvksy dkO; laxzg-

8- iokj larks’k in~ekdj] fi<hisLrj I;knsekr-




15


cnyrs lektokLro vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k dforkcnyrs lektokLro vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k dforkcnyrs lektokLro vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k dforkcnyrs lektokLro vkf.k ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork

eFkqjk esokMeFkqjk esokMeFkqjk esokMeFkqjk esokM

la'kks/kd fo|kFkhZ

ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforspk fopkj djrkauk vkiY;k ns'kkr] egkjk"Vªkr tkxfrdhdj.k]

[kqyh vFkZO;oLFkk] eqDr cktkjisB] mnkjhdj.k] ls>] f'k{k.kkps [kktxhdj.k bR;knhaps okjs

eksBÓk Áek.kkr okgw YkkxY¨- ;kaf«kdhdj.k v©|¨fxdhdj.k vkf.k tkxfrdhdj.k ;kapk

Ñf"klaLÑrhoj Qkj e¨Bk foijhr ifj.kke >kYkk- R;keqGs dktGYŸkk Ñf"kÁ/kku xzkeh.k ÒkjrdktGYŸkk Ñf"kÁ/kku xzkeh.k ÒkjrdktGYŸkk Ñf"kÁ/kku xzkeh.k ÒkjrdktGYŸkk Ñf"kÁ/kku xzkeh.k Òkjr

vkRefouk'kkP;k okVsus Áokl d: YkkxYkk- R;kph fouk'kdkjh g¨jiG 1990 uarjP;k nü

n'kdkr tho?¨.kh B: YkkxYkh vkgs- R;keqGs '¨rdÚ;kapk thoula?k"kZ mxz] nkgd] [kMrj g¨Å

YkkxYkk- R;kaP;k ák ijoMhps vkf.k okrkgrhps fp«k.k 1990 uarjP;k dforsrwu mRdVrsus

ÁR;;kl ;srs- '¨rdÚ;kaps 'k¨"k.k] R;kaph osnuk] tkxrh] R;kaps vkReÒku vkf.k vkanŸkukl Áo`Ùk

dj.kkjh R;kaph foæ¨gh ekufldrk xzkeh.k dforsrwu Áfrfcafcar g¨rs- R;keqGs ledkYkhu xzkeh.k

dfork vf/kdkf/kd okLrooknh vkf.k vk'k;laié g¨Å YkkxYkh vls fnlwu ;srs-

ledkYkhu xzkeh.k dfork ledkYkhu xzkeh.k dfork ledkYkhu xzkeh.k dfork ledkYkhu xzkeh.k dfork gs vk/kqfud ejkBh dforsps p©F¨ ioZ vkgs- ifgY;k iokZr

ds'kolqrkauh baxzth oG.kkph l©an;Zoknh Òkodforsph ijaijk ejkBhr vk.kYkh Eg.kwu ;k nü

ijaijke/khYk rk.k&r.kko fnlrkr- i.k ;k iokZrgh l©an;Zoknh Òkodforsph ijaijkp vf/kd

ÁÒkoh vlY;kps fnlrs- rlsp e<sZZdjkaP;k dforsr ÁFkep egkuxjh; laosnu'khYkrsP;k [kq.kk

fnlrkr- frlÚ;k iokZr ek«k vk/kqfudrkoknh oG.k vf/kd ÁÒkoh >kYŸ¨ fnlrs- p©F;k

iokZrhYk ledkYkhu xzkeh.k dfork ijaijk u foljrk Á'ukauk F¨V fÒMrs- gh dfork 'k¨"kd

O;oLFöj larki ÁdV djrs- gh dfork dYidrsYkk LFkku nsr ukgh] rj fopkjdsaæh g¨r tkrs-

frYkk Òkousis{kk Òwfedk ekaM.;kps lkeF;Z xolY¨ vkgs-

vktoj vo?kh [¨Mwr ek.kls T;kauh ukxfoYkh v'kk ukxfo.kkÚ;k O;oLF¨fo:)]

'kklukfo:)] O;kikÚ;kafo:)] cdkYk f'k{k.kkfo:)] f'k{k.kÁ.kkYkh fo:) gh dfork ÁpaM jkx

O;ä djrkauk vk<Grs- ledkYkkrhYk '¨rdÚ;kph voLFkk l¨lkos Ykkx.kkjs nq%[k vkf.k R;kph

nkgdrk vkf.k nSuafnu thoukrhYk Á'u ;k lanÒkZr %&

xzkeh.k ÒkxkrhYk Á'u] leL;k] nq%[k] ik.;kph r¨dMh miYkC/krk ;k lanÒkZr T;k

[¨MÓkapk x©jo d/kh dkGh g¨r vls] rs [¨Ms vkrk vusd ÁdkjP;k varfoZj¨/kkps vkf.k nq%[kkps

dsaæ >kYŸ¨ vkgs- fo'¨"kr% vkf.kck.khuarjP;k dkGkr [¨MÓkaps Á'u rhoz >kYŸ¨ vkgsr- dsoG

'¨rdh mRiknukauk fdaer ul.¨ ,o<kp Á'u ukgh rj tfeuhps g¨.kkjs NskVs&N¨Vs rqdMs] oht]

16



ik.;kph r¨dMh miYkC/krk] [krkaps] ch&fc;k.;kps ok<r tk.kkjs Òko] fuoM.kqdkaeqGs xkos

xVk&rVkaps g¨r tk.kkjs foÒktu gs vkf.k ;klkj[¨ vla[; Á'u xzkeh.k ÒkxkrhYk egÙokps

Á'u cuY¨ vkgsr-

,dk e¨BÓk ?kqleVhYkk?kqleVhYkk?kqleVhYkk?kqleVhYkk vfo"Ñr dj.kkÚ;k vkf.k xzkeekuokP;k tkf.kok ?¨Åu ,dw.k

dfork lkdkj g¨rkauk fnlrs- jkc.kkjs ,d egkdk; tx vkgs- '¨rdÚ;kaP;k ;k txkcÌYk ;k

O;oLF¨r cs'kje Yk¨dkauk dkghp dls okVr ukgh\ baæthr ÒkY¨jko R;kaP;k Vkg¨ Vkg¨ Vkg¨ Vkg¨ ;k laxzgkrhYk

'¨rdjh ckikP;k vkRegR;seqGs doh foOgG g¨Åu ÒwrdkGkr M¨dkowu ikgr¨- rsOgk vkRegR;spk

bfrgkl tquk vlY;kps o R;kph fn?kZ ijaijk vlY;kps R;kP;k Yk{kkr ;srs- lkaLÑfrd

bfrgklkrY¨ lanÒZ oki:u doh bfrgklkYkk mtkGk nsrkauk Eg.krkr-

vla Eg.krkr dh rqÖ;k vkRegR;spk bfrgklvla Eg.krkr dh rqÖ;k vkRegR;spk bfrgklvla Eg.krkr dh rqÖ;k vkRegR;spk bfrgklvla Eg.krkr dh rqÖ;k vkRegR;spk bfrgkl

i<ajiwjP;k ;k«¨brdkp tquk vkgs]i<ajiwjP;k ;k«¨brdkp tquk vkgs]i<ajiwjP;k ;k«¨brdkp tquk vkgs]i<ajiwjP;k ;k«¨brdkp tquk vkgs]

rqdkjkegh R;kp okVsus xsY;kP;k ikÅYk[kq.kkrqdkjkegh R;kp okVsus xsY;kP;k ikÅYk[kq.kkrqdkjkegh R;kp okVsus xsY;kP;k ikÅYk[kq.kkrqdkjkegh R;kp okVsus xsY;kP;k ikÅYk[kq.kk

eqähpk d¨.krk ekxZ nk[korkreqähpk d¨.krk ekxZ nk[korkreqähpk d¨.krk ekxZ nk[korkreqähpk d¨.krk ekxZ nk[korkr\\\\

'¨rdÚ;kaP;k nkfjæÓkpk osnuspk bfrgkl Ákphu dkGkiklwu vfLrÙokr vlY;kpk

fnlr¨ o R;kP;k eukps vkrZ nq%[k Vkg¨ u dG.¨ gk vuqÒogh tqukp vlY;kps doh

funZ'kukl vk.kwu nsr¨- ÒkY¨jkokaph dfork Eg.kts '¨rdÚ;kaP;k thou la?k"kkZpk ftrk&tkxrk]

Yk<.;kl ÁoÙk dj.kkjk cYknaM vfo"dkj vkgs- Eg.kwu tkxfrdhdj.kkrhYk '¨rdÚ;kaP;k

thoula?k"kkZps /kkjnkj ÁdVu gs ÒkY¨jkokaP;k dforsps cYkLFkku vkgs-

uk-/k¨- egku¨jkauh iku>Miku>Miku>Miku>M] frph dgk.kh] frph dgk.kh] frph dgk.kh] frph dgk.kh] vkf.k xaxk okgw ns fueZG xaxk okgw ns fueZG xaxk okgw ns fueZG xaxk okgw ns fueZG ;k dkO; laxzgkrwu

'¨rdÚ;kaps nq%[k R;kaph g¨.kkjh vkckG vkf.k gsGlkaM óh thoukph QjQV vkf.k g¨jiG

vR;ar useD;k] leiZd 'kCnkr O;ä dsYkh vkgs- R;krqu R;kauh '¨rdÚ;kaP;k thoukrhYk dk:.;

ÁÒkohi.¨ ekaMwu R;kaP;k lq[kle`)hlkBh fulxZ] lekt vkf.k 'kklu ;kauk vkOgku dsY¨ vkgs-

d¨jMs u{k«k d¨jMs u{k«k d¨jMs u{k«k d¨jMs u{k«k ;k dkO;laxzgkrwu Ádk'k g¨Gdjkauh nq"dkGkeqGs '¨rdÚ;kaP;k okVÓkYkk

;s.kkÚ;k tho?¨.;k O;Fkk&osnuk vfr'k; ÁÒkohi.¨ lkdkj dsY;k vkgsr- i.k] '¨rdÚ;kaP;k

ukdhuÅ vk.k.kkÚ;k d¨jMÓk u{k«kkojp R;kauh Yk{k dsafær dsYka vlY;keqGs '¨rdÚ;kaps 'k¨"k.k

R;kapk foæ¨g ;kpk os/k dohus ;k laxzgkr ?¨rYkk ulY;kps tk.kors-

dtZcktkjh g¨Åu eqYkhps YkXu dj.kkÚ;k ckiYkk d/kh&d/kh gqaMkcGhYkkgh lke¨js tkos

Ykkxrs- lnkuan ns'keq[k ;kauk xkodGk xkodGk xkodGk xkodGk ;k laxzgkrwu gqaMkcGh lkj[;k lkekftd Á'ukoj

Ádk'k Vkdwu gqaMÓkik;h eqYkhps fQLdVYŸ¨ YkXu ;kojgh Òk"; dsY¨ vkgs- lnkuan ns'keq[k

;kauh eqYkhP;k vkbZ&ckikP;k r aMh fnYŸks 'kCn okpdkP;k var%dj.kkpk Bko ?¨rkr-




17


ek; jMwu lkaxrs ikOg.¨ okil x xsYëk; jMwu lkaxrs ikOg.¨ okil x xsYëk; jMwu lkaxrs ikOg.¨ okil x xsYëk; jMwu lkaxrs ikOg.¨ okil x xsY¨

gqaMk |k ukbZ /ku cki dkGthua cŸ¨gqaMk |k ukbZ /ku cki dkGthua cŸ¨gqaMk |k ukbZ /ku cki dkGthua cŸ¨gqaMk |k ukbZ /ku cki dkGthua cŸ¨

oYY;k vadqjkph Ogrs d'kh e©r ,dk,dhoYY;k vadqjkph Ogrs d'kh e©r ,dk,dhoYY;k vadqjkph Ogrs d'kh e©r ,dk,dhoYY;k vadqjkph Ogrs d'kh e©r ,dk,dh

tqGY;k bpkjkph eu djs QsdkQsdh!tqGY;k bpkjkph eu djs QsdkQsdh!tqGY;k bpkjkph eu djs QsdkQsdh!tqGY;k bpkjkph eu djs QsdkQsdh!

gqaMÓkik;h YkXu u tqG.¨ YkXukP;k cktkjkr eqYkhYkk fdaer ul.¨] vkbZ&ckikP;k

vkfFkZd ifjfLFkrhpk R;kaP;k Òko&Òkoukapk oj i{kkauh fopkj u dj.¨ v'kk ukukfo/k dax¨Ú;kapk

os/k ?¨r lkekftd vaxkus lnkuan ns'keq[k gs R;kaP;k osnuk ekaMrkr-

fofgjhoj ohtiai can vlYkk rjh R;kYkk ohtchYk Òjkos Ykkxrs- ;k Á'ukoj Òk";

djrkuk ukaxj ukaxj ukaxj ukaxj ;k laxzgkrhYk ,dk dforsr 'kadj ns'keq[k ljdkjYkk mÌs'kwu Eg.krkr]

fgjhYkk ik.kh fi.;k iqjr ch uk;fgjhYkk ik.kh fi.;k iqjr ch uk;fgjhYkk ik.kh fi.;k iqjr ch uk;fgjhYkk ik.kh fi.;k iqjr ch uk;

ij e¨Vkjhpa fcYk ekrwjij e¨Vkjhpa fcYk ekrwjij e¨Vkjhpa fcYk ekrwjij e¨Vkjhpa fcYk ekrwj

osGsoj Òjko Ykkxr gk;] osGsoj Òjko Ykkxr gk;] osGsoj Òjko Ykkxr gk;] osGsoj Òjko Ykkxr gk;]

ek;cki rqEghp lkaxk] dla txkoa vkEgh!ek;cki rqEghp lkaxk] dla txkoa vkEgh!ek;cki rqEghp lkaxk] dla txkoa vkEgh!ek;cki rqEghp lkaxk] dla txkoa vkEgh!

fotsP;k VapkbZP;k Á'ukus «kLr >kYŸ¨ '¨rdÚ;kaps thou ok<R;k ik.khVapkbZus o oht u

okijrkgh v[kaM ;sr jkg.kkÚ;k fcYkkeqGs vf/kdp esVkdqVhYkk vkY;kph tk.kho ledkYkhu

dfork d:u nsrs-

'¨rdjh ?kke xkGwu mRié dk<r¨- ijarq R;kP;kp mRiékYkk Òko Bjo.;kpk vf/kdkj

R;kYkk ulY;keqGs r¨ iqjrk ijkoYkach g¨r¨- ;k xgu vkf.k xaÒhj Á'ukoj Òk"; djrkauk

'¨rdÚ;kph euöLFkk dforsP;k ek/;ekrwu ekaMrkauk R;kaP;k ikÅldGk ikÅldGk ikÅldGk ikÅldGk ;k laxzgkr egs'k e¨js

Eg.krkr&

fdrh fidoYka rjh] Òko UgkbZ rqÖ;k gkrh] fdrh fidoYka rjh] Òko UgkbZ rqÖ;k gkrh] fdrh fidoYka rjh] Òko UgkbZ rqÖ;k gkrh] fdrh fidoYka rjh] Òko UgkbZ rqÖ;k gkrh]

MxjY;k uf'kckYkk] <sjhokY¨ fg.korhMxjY;k uf'kckYkk] <sjhokY¨ fg.korhMxjY;k uf'kckYkk] <sjhokY¨ fg.korhMxjY;k uf'kckYkk] <sjhokY¨ fg.korh

'¨rhYkk t¨M/kank d:u ns'kkP;k fodklkYkk gkrÒkj Ykko.kkÚ;k nq/kkYkk ik.;kis{kkgh deh

fdaer vlY;kps lkaxrkauk fl>j dj] Eg.krs; ekrhfl>j dj] Eg.krs; ekrhfl>j dj] Eg.krs; ekrhfl>j dj] Eg.krs; ekrh ;k laxzgkrwu dYiuk nq/kkG gh doh;«kh

Eg.krs]

ftFka nq/kkYkk ik.;kph fdaer vlrsftFka nq/kkYkk ik.;kph fdaer vlrsftFka nq/kkYkk ik.;kph fdaer vlrsftFka nq/kkYkk ik.;kph fdaer vlrs

frFka jäkpa ik.kh d:u frFka jäkpa ik.kh d:u frFka jäkpa ik.kh d:u frFka jäkpa ik.kh d:u

nq/kkP;k fdVY;k Òj.;kYkk nq/kkP;k fdVY;k Òj.;kYkk nq/kkP;k fdVY;k Òj.;kYkk nq/kkP;k fdVY;k Òj.;kYkk

dk; vFkZ vkgsdk; vFkZ vkgsdk; vFkZ vkgsdk; vFkZ vkgs

18



ÒslG;qä Ñf«ke nq/kkP;k fufeZrheqGs o R;kpk 'kgjkrwu gsYnh gsYnh gsYnh gsYnh vkf.k U;qVªhf'k;l nU;qVªhf'k;l nU;qVªhf'k;l nU;qVªhf'k;l nq/kq/kq/kq/k

Eg.kwu Òko feGr ulY;kus do;«kh vpwdi.¨ lakxrs- tkxfrdhdj.kkeqGs xkoxkMk m)oLr

g¨r¨- ÒslG;qä loZ dkgh lq# vkgs] ikjaikfjd thoukYkk uSlfxZd /k¨j.kkal dkYkcká dj.;kps

dk;Z vkt g¨rkauk fnlrs- gh [kar do;«kh O;ä djrs-

jktdR;k±P;k < axh o LokFkÊ o`Ùkhpk cGh BjYŸkk '¨rdjh txnh'k dne R;kaP;k

dforsrwu ;sr¨- 'öVh '¨rdjh la?kVusP;k fopkjkpk ÁÒko txnh'k dne ;k dohoj iMYŸkk

fnlwu ;sr¨-

'¨rdjh uke'¨"k vlk dlk ek>k ns'k '¨rdjh uke'¨"k vlk dlk ek>k ns'k '¨rdjh uke'¨"k vlk dlk ek>k ns'k '¨rdjh uke'¨"k vlk dlk ek>k ns'k

dq.kklkBh flagklus f'korkr ifjos'k dq.kklkBh flagklus f'korkr ifjos'k dq.kklkBh flagklus f'korkr ifjos'k dq.kklkBh flagklus f'korkr ifjos'k

iqjs l¨l.¨ cki g¨ d'kklkBh vkRe?kkriqjs l¨l.¨ cki g¨ d'kklkBh vkRe?kkriqjs l¨l.¨ cki g¨ d'kklkBh vkRe?kkriqjs l¨l.¨ cki g¨ d'kklkBh vkRe?kkr

O;oLF¨P;k nkjkiq<s mO;oLF¨P;k nkjkiq<s mO;oLF¨P;k nkjkiq<s mO;oLF¨P;k nkjkiq<s mÒk:;k Yk{k gkrÒk:;k Yk{k gkrÒk:;k Yk{k gkrÒk:;k Yk{k gkr

'öVh '¨rdÚ;kus vkRegR;k dj.¨ Fkakcokos o cjcVYŸ;k O;oLFŸkk tkc fopkj.;klkBh

la?kVhr Á;Ru djkosr v'kh vis{kkgh doh O;ä djr¨-

txnh'k dnekauh jkl vkf.k x aMj] >kMekrh] ukesno '¨rdjh] jkl vkf.k x aMj] >kMekrh] ukesno '¨rdjh] jkl vkf.k x aMj] >kMekrh] ukesno '¨rdjh] jkl vkf.k x aMj] >kMekrh] ukesno '¨rdjh] e/;s '¨rdÚ;kaph

jkco.kwd] R;kaph g¨.kkjh Qlo.kwd o ukxo.kwd e¨BÓk ftOgkGÓkus vkf.k i¨VfrMdhus /ofur

dsYkh vkgs- R;kr vkos'k] okLrork vkf.k Òsndi.kk vkgs- /kkU;kP;k mRiknuklkBh ftokikM

jkc.kkjk '¨rdjh 'öVh jkl xekowu x aMj lkaÒkGr¨] >kMekrhP;k tSfod vuqca/kkYkk eqdr¨

vkf.k oS;fäd O;olkf;d] d©Vqafcd nq%[kkapk vfrjsd g¨Åu vkRe?krkl cGh iMr¨- 'k¨"k.k]

dkckMd"V vkf.k fi<htkr nq%[k injh ckGx.kkÚ;k '¨rdÚ;kaph ekugkuh rlsp nq%[k dgk.kh gh

txnh'k dnekaP;k dforsp Ásj.kk vkgs-

vktP;k '¨rdjh oxkZph Òh"k.k voLFkk xzkeh.k dforsr Ákeq[;kus ;srs- 1990 vx¨nps

[¨MÓkps thou ÁseG] ftOgkGk] fu"Bk vkf.k Ásekps g¨rs- vkt [kkÅtk LohdkjY;kuarj

Ákeq[;kus ;kr ÁpaM cnYk >kYkk- tx.¨ dBh.k g¨Åu clY¨- ;a«k ;qxkus ek.klkpk tx.;kpk

vf/kdkj fgjkowu ?¨rY;keqGs dqVqac Áeq[kkph gsGlkaM g¨r vkgs- ckikph nSU; voLFkk vusdfo/k

doh ekaMrkr-

ledkYkhu xzkeh.k dforsrwu ;s.kkjk cki cki cki cki gk vKkuh vlYkk rjh eqYkkus f'k{k.k ?¨Åu

N¨Vh&e¨Bh u¨djh idMwu vkiYkk vk/kkj Ogkok v'kh vis{kk vl.kkjk vkgs- vkiY;k eqYkkP;k

ÒforO;klkBh '¨rhr jkc.kkÚ;k ckikph Qkjp ekQd vis{kk vlrs- r¨ Qkj >kY¨ rj 'kkGk

ekLrj Ogko vls R;kYkk okVrs- ;klkBh r¨ okVsYk rs d"V milr¨- Lor%ps tx.¨ xgk.k Bsorks-

gk vuqÒo lkaxrkauk dq.kC;kph dforkdq.kC;kph dforkdq.kC;kph dforkdq.kC;kph dfork ;k laxzgkrhYk ,dk dforsrqu Yk{e.k EgkfMd Eg.krkr]




19


ekÖ;klkBh R;kaua R;kpa ft.ka xgk.kkÅ fnYkaekÖ;klkBh R;kaua R;kpa ft.ka xgk.kkÅ fnYkaekÖ;klkBh R;kaua R;kpa ft.ka xgk.kkÅ fnYkaekÖ;klkBh R;kaua R;kpa ft.ka xgk.kkÅ fnYka

R;kP;klkBh vkt ek> vk;q"; ns.k >kYkaR;kP;klkBh vkt ek> vk;q"; ns.k >kYkaR;kP;klkBh vkt ek> vk;q"; ns.k >kYkaR;kP;klkBh vkt ek> vk;q"; ns.k >kYka

eYkk f'kdowu ;kua dsYka eYkk f'kdowu ;kua dsYka eYkk f'kdowu ;kua dsYka eYkk f'kdowu ;kua dsYka 'kkGspk ekLrj'kkGspk ekLrj'kkGspk ekLrj'kkGspk ekLrj

R;kP;k QkVD;k LoIukauk vkrk Ykkor¨ vLrjR;kP;k QkVD;k LoIukauk vkrk Ykkor¨ vLrjR;kP;k QkVD;k LoIukauk vkrk Ykkor¨ vLrjR;kP;k QkVD;k LoIukauk vkrk Ykkor¨ vLrj\\\\

T;k ckikus eqYkklkBh v[[¨ thou xgk.k VkdY¨ R;k ckiklkBh doh ÑrKrkiwoZd

ns.¨djh g¨r¨-

ukjk;.k lqearkauh '¨rdÚ;kapk cgqvk;keh thou la?k"kZ vkf.k R;kP;k dtZcktkjh

ekufldrsps vkRegR;sr g¨.kkjs ifjorZu R;kauh lkrckjk lkrckjk lkrckjk lkrckjk vkf.k ukjk;.k ikl"Vh ukjk;.k ikl"Vh ukjk;.k ikl"Vh ukjk;.k ikl"Vh ák laxzgkrhYk

dforkrwu vR;ar Òsnd vkf.k os/kd '©Ykhrwu lkdkj dsY¨ vkgs- '¨rdÚ;kaP;k nqnZ'¨ps ,sfrgkfld

Òku] R;kauh ?;ko;kpk Yk<kÅ ifo«kk] uof'kf{kr fgjO;kxkj r:.k fi<hpk paxGokn] fcxj

Ñ"khdj.kkpk ok<rk foG[kk ns.kkÚ;k v/;kRekph rhozrk] '¨rdÚ;kauk leFkZi.¨ /khj ns.kkÚ;k

v/;kRekph vxfrdrk] R;kaph foKkura«kKkukus dsYŸkh llsgŸkiV] eqY;Òz"V lektjpuk]

xGsdkiw vFkZO;oLFkk vkf.k xsaMÓkP;k dkrMhph jktlÙkk bR;knh vusd ?kVdkapk ÁÒkoh

vfo"dkj ukjk;.k lqearkP;k dforsr vk<Gwu ;sr¨-

okLro thoukiklwu 'kkGsrY;k eqYkkauk nwj BsoY¨ tkrs- [kjk nq%[kh] d"Vh] dtZcktkjh]

f'kGÓk Òkdjhoj fr[kVkph QDdh ik.;kcj¨cj [kk.kkjk] QkVD;k eqaMo'kkus rqVD;k caMhr

eatwG FkaMh l¨l.kkjk '¨rdjh cki ikBÓØekpk fo"k; g¨r ukgh- ek«k vR;ar vkuanh thou

tx.kkjk [k¨Vk '¨rdjh ifgYkhP;k iqLrdkrhYk ifgY;kp ikukoj js[kkVYŸkk '¨rdjh fdrh

dYid vkgs lkaxrkr- lkrckjklkrckjklkrckjklkrckjk ;k laxzgkr ukjk;.k lqear ;kauh fnYŸkk ftoar nk[kYkk letwu

?¨.¨ vxR;kps okVrs rs Eg.krkr]

ifgY;kP;k ifgY;k ikukoj fprkjYŸ¨ ifgY;kP;k ifgY;k ikukoj fprkjYŸ¨ ifgY;kP;k ifgY;k ikukoj fprkjYŸ¨ ifgY;kP;k ifgY;k ikukoj fprkjYŸ¨

ÒS:] gScrh vkf.k n©Ykrh ÒS:] gScrh vkf.k n©Ykrh ÒS:] gScrh vkf.k n©Ykrh ÒS:] gScrh vkf.k n©Ykrh

R;kaps eaR;kaps eaR;kaps eaR;kaps eatwG igkVs mB.¨ twG igkVs mB.¨ twG igkVs mB.¨ twG igkVs mB.¨

ngh vkf.k Yk¨.kP;kl¨crngh vkf.k Yk¨.kP;kl¨crngh vkf.k Yk¨.kP;kl¨crngh vkf.k Yk¨.kP;kl¨cr

xje Òkdjh [kk.¨xje Òkdjh [kk.¨xje Òkdjh [kk.¨xje Òkdjh [kk.¨

jktk&ltkZP;k ?kqaxj uknkr e¨Vsojrh xk.¨jktk&ltkZP;k ?kqaxj uknkr e¨Vsojrh xk.¨jktk&ltkZP;k ?kqaxj uknkr e¨Vsojrh xk.¨jktk&ltkZP;k ?kqaxj uknkr e¨Vsojrh xk.¨

;ke/;s;ke/;s;ke/;s;ke/;s

dqBsp dlk uOgrk ek>k ckidqBsp dlk uOgrk ek>k ckidqBsp dlk uOgrk ek>k ckidqBsp dlk uOgrk ek>k cki

vls dYid thou js[kkVwu '¨rdÚ;kaP;k okLro thoukdMs M¨Gs>kd dj.¨ dohYkk

[kVdrs- jktk&ltkZP;k vkrZ fdadkGÓk] gScrhps c¡d o l¨lk;VÓkaP;k dtkZi¨Vh gk; [kk.¨]

20



ÒS: i¨jklfgr eqacbZr x¨nhrY;k x¨.;k okgr¨ vkgs- ÒS:] gScrh vkf.k n©Ykrh ;kaP;k vkVYŸ;k

fofgjhps dusD'ku r¨MYŸ¨ vkgs- gs lkjs Ò;k.k okLro ikBÓqLrdkrwu ;sr ulY;kpa doh

m?kMdhl vk.kr¨-

xko ekrhrhYk cfGoarkP;k iM>Mhph dgk.kh cŸkkocŸkkocŸkkocŸkkos rs vkEgh s rs vkEgh s rs vkEgh s rs vkEgh ;k Jhdkar ns'keq[k ;kaP;k

dkO;laxzgkrwu v/k¨jsf[kr g¨rs- xsY;k nü&vMhp n'kdkr '¨rdÚ;kaP;k tx.;kYkk th vodGk

ÁkIr >kYkh- R;kps n'kZu ;k dforsrwu ?kMrs- tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k ifj.kkekrwu e¨Mwu iMYŸ;k

xzkelaLÑrhpk psgjk gh dfork BGd djrs- cnYkR;k [¨MÓkapk lkrckjkp ;k dforsrwu leksj

;sr¨- ns'keq[k ;kaP;k cfGoar cfGoar cfGoar cfGoar vkf.k vk"kk<ekrhvk"kk<ekrhvk"kk<ekrhvk"kk<ekrh ák nü dkO;laxzgkrhYk dforkgh vR;ar

l'käi.¨ xzkeh.k tx.;kP;k nq%[kkph dgk.kh ekaMrkauk fnlrs- vk"kk<h vk"kk<h vk"kk<h vk"kk<h /kqanhrgh ekrh ekrh ekrh ekrh ps nq%[k

l¨l.¨ dBh.k vlY;kph tk.kho Òj?k¨li.¨ oSQY;kus O;ä dsYkh vkgs- ;kpk vFkZ '¨rdÚ;kaP;k

ekufld&vkfRed thou la?k"kkZoj v/;kfRed mik;gh Js;ldj vkf.k l¨;hLdj Bjr ukgh] gh

R;kaph 'k¨dkafrdk vkf.k ledkYkhu okLrokps fp«k Jhdkar ns'keq[kkauh 'kCnc) dsY¨ vkgs-

vfYkdMP;k ljdkjP;k mnklhu '©{kf.kd /k¨j.kkaeqGs foukvuqnkfur rÙokoj Òj?k¨l

'kkGkaph fufeZrh >kYkh- f'k{k.kkP;k lkoZf«kdhdj.kklkBh loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;ku loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;ku loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;ku loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;ku dsoG dkxknï«kh

jkcoY¨ tkr vkgs- ÁR;{k vfÒ;kukph voLFkk dk; vkgs- ;koj mij¨f/kdi.¨ Òk"; djrkauk ;k ;k ;k ;k

'krdkpk lkrckjkp g¨bZYk d¨jk 'krdkpk lkrckjkp g¨bZYk d¨jk 'krdkpk lkrckjkp g¨bZYk d¨jk 'krdkpk lkrckjkp g¨bZYk d¨jk --------------------;k laxzgkr 'kadjjko fn?¨ Eg.krkr-

fÒdkjh ljdkjP;k fÒdkj 'kkGk fÒdkjh ljdkjP;k fÒdkj 'kkGk fÒdkjh ljdkjP;k fÒdkj 'kkGk fÒdkjh ljdkjP;k fÒdkj 'kkGk

vuqnkuklkBh eafnjkP;k nkjkrvuqnkuklkBh eafnjkP;k nkjkrvuqnkuklkBh eafnjkP;k nkjkrvuqnkuklkBh eafnjkP;k nkjkr----------------

loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;kuk,soth pkYkor dk ukgh loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;kuk,soth pkYkor dk ukgh loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;kuk,soth pkYkor dk ukgh loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;kuk,soth pkYkor dk ukgh

,[kkns loZ ej.k vfÒ;ku,[kkns loZ ej.k vfÒ;ku,[kkns loZ ej.k vfÒ;ku,[kkns loZ ej.k vfÒ;ku------------\\\\

loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;ku loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;ku loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;ku loZ f'k{kk vfÒ;ku ps oktYŸ¨ rhu&rsjk R;kaph >kYŸkh ej.kklé voLFkk ;koj Òk";

djrkauk doh f'k{k.kkP;k ÒkaMoYkhdj.kkojgh Ádk'k Vkdr¨-

'kkGsr tk.kkjkYkk iSlk Ykkxr¨'kkGsr tk.kkjkYkk iSlk Ykkxr¨'kkGsr tk.kkjkYkk iSlk Ykkxr¨'kkGsr tk.kkjkYkk iSlk Ykkxr¨

f'kdo.kkjkYkkgh vk/kh e¨tkop Ykkxr¨f'kdo.kkjkYkkgh vk/kh e¨tkop Ykkxr¨f'kdo.kkjkYkkgh vk/kh e¨tkop Ykkxr¨f'kdo.kkjkYkkgh vk/kh e¨tkop Ykkxr¨

f'k{kdkP;k u¨djhlkBh e¨tkos Ykkx.kkjs iSls gk ;k {¨«kkrYkk ok<rk tk.kkjk Òz"Vpkjgh

dohP;k fparsP;k fo"k; g¨r¨-

ledkYkhu xzkeh.k dforsps vk.k[kh ,d cYkLFkku Eg.kts ;k doÈuh '¨rdÚ;kaP;k

'k¨"k.kkpk [kqY¨vke iapukek dsYkk vkgs- Lokra«;¨Ùkj dkGkrhYk 'kkldh; /k¨j.¨ '¨rdÚ;kaP;k

fgrkph uOgrh R;keqGs '¨rdÚ;kaP;k okVÓkYkk O;Fkk&osnuk vkY;k- O;kikjh] nYkkYk] jkT;drsZ]

vf/kdkjh ÁLFkkfir '¨rdÚ;kaps i)r'khj 'k¨"k.k djrkr- cGhjktk cGhjktk cGhjktk cGhjktk vls lac¨/kwu '¨rdÚ;kauk

ikrkGkr ?kkYk.;kph i)r'khj ;¨tuk vk[krkr- ikÅl ekGkoj iM¨ dh eGÓkr] ik.kh cj¨cj




21


R;kaP;k rGÓkr tek g¨rs vkf.k ihd d¨Bsgh ;so¨] ÅQ.kuh d'khgh dsYkh tko¨] jkl R;kaP;kp

[kGÓkr iMrs- gs okLro ledkYkhu doÈuh letwu ?¨rY¨ vkf.k R;kps ÁdVu vkiY;k

dforsrwu dsY¨- Fk¨MD;kr '¨rdÚ;kaoj g¨.kkÚ;k vU;k;kph] 'k¨"k.kkph tk.kho ák doÈuk vkgs-

ÁpfYkr jktdh;&vkfFkZd O;oLFkk '¨rdÚ;kaph fiGo.kwd djr vkgs- rs '¨rdÚ;kauk ;kckcr

tkxr] n{k djhr vkgsr- gs doh R;kYkk vkrk Yk<k;Ykk 'khd Yk<k;Ykk 'khd Yk<k;Ykk 'khd Yk<k;Ykk 'khd vls lkaxrkr- 'k¨"k.kkph tk.kho]

tkxrhph ekufldrk gs ;k doÈps cYkLFkku vkgs-

vFkkZr 1990 uarjP;k xzkeh.k dforsr '¨rdÚ;kaP;k ltukcj¨cj R;kaps 'k¨"k.k] R;kaP;k

osnuk] gkYkvis"Vkacj¨cj R;kaP;koj g¨.kkjk vU;k;gh fp«khr >kY;kps fnlwu ;sr¨- i.k]

'¨rdÚ;kaP;k leL;kaph ikGseqGs ÁpfYkr jktdh;&vkfFkZd O;oLF¨r nMYŸkh vkgs] ;kph tk.kho

;k doÈuk >kYŸkh vkgs- rh R;kauh vkiY;k dforsrwu O;ägh dsYkh vkgs- vkrk dsoG

thoula?k"kZ thoula?k"kZ thoula?k"kZ thoula?k"kZ uOgs rj vU;k;&tqYkwe ;kaP;kfo:) Yk<k ;k Òwfedsoj gs doh ;sÅu BsiY¨ vkgsr-

R;kph tk.kho loZÁFke vR;ar rkdnhus foðYk ok?kkauh vkiY;k dforsrwu O;ä dsYkh vkgs-

R;kuarj baæthr ÒkY¨jko gs nqljs vfr'k; egÙokps uko vkgs- R;kf'kok; ukjk;.k lqear]

txnh'k dne] Jhdkar ns'keq[k] vfuYk ikVhYk] Yk{e.k EgkfMd] lnkuan ns'keq[k] ds'ko

l[kkjke ns'keq[k] t;jke [¨Msdj] ,dukFk dkacGs] jes'k fpYY¨] Ádk'k g¨Gdj] lar¨"k iokj]

ckYkkth baxGs] egs'k e¨js] YkfYkr v/kkus] ih- foðYk] lqnke jkB¨M] fojk jkB¨M] lanhi txnkGs

gh dkgh egÙokph ukos ;k lanÒkZr vkotwZu mYY¨[k djkoh v'kh vkgsr- R;kiSdh ÁR;sdkoj

Loar«ki.¨ fYkfgrk ;sbZYk ,o<h ÅtkZ R;kaP;k dforsr fuf'prp vkgs- ijarq foLrkjÒ;kLro rs

bF¨ 'kD; okVr ukgh- R;keqGs ledkYkhu xzkeh.k dforslaca/kh ek>h dkgh fujh{k.¨ lq«k#ikr

u anoY¨ vkgs- eh T;k doÈpk ukeŸY¨[k dsYŸkk vkgs- R;kf'kok; ts doh mÙke dfork

fYkfgrkgsr ijarq R;kaph ukos vkYŸkh ukghr- gh ekÖ;k vkdYkukph eh e;kZnk le>rs-

lanÒZ lwph %lanÒZ lwph %lanÒZ lwph %lanÒZ lwph %

1½ Yk¨djkT; ekfld & laiknd & uYkkoMs Áe¨n &o" Z &69 os] vad 10] 11 tkus &

Qsczqokjh & 2012- i`-70-

2½ iokj iafMrjko & ejkBh dfork % vkdYku vkf.k vkLokn-

3½ lkoar nSor & 1980 uarjph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork] U;w OgkbZl ifCYkds'ku] v©jaxkckn-

Qsczqokjh&2017-

4½ eqYkkVs oklqnso & xzkeh.k lkfgR; % fparu vkf.k ppkZ-

5½ ikV.kdj olar&Lokra«;¨Ùkj ejkBh dfork % ¼laik-½] lkfgR; vdkneh] uoh fnYYkh] 2002-

22



^gh ckx dq.kkph^ & ledkyhu xzkethoukpk vkjlk^gh ckx dq.kkph^ & ledkyhu xzkethoukpk vkjlk^gh ckx dq.kkph^ & ledkyhu xzkethoukpk vkjlk^gh ckx dq.kkph^ & ledkyhu xzkethoukpk vkjlk

izkizkizkizk---- ek/ko [kkydj ek/ko [kkydj ek/ko [kkydj ek/ko [kkydj

dyk] okf.kT; o foKku egkfo|ky;] «;acds”oj


Ykks.kpa eqjya dh pkaxya ykxra] doh dlk ?kMrks] tks vaxHkwr laLdkjkrwu ;k txkpk

fopkj djrks] l’Vhapk fopkj tx.;kpk ?kMkeksMhapk fopkj djrks- R;kyk fnDdkyk iyhdMs

tk;ps vlrs] ikgk;ps vlrs] ;k l’Vhpk “kks/k ?;k;pk vlrks- vkuankus frP;k ekaMhoj

[ksGk;ps vlrs- v”kkp o`Rrhpk doh vkiys vuqHko izdV djrks- R;kyk gO;k R;k “kCnkaph

lkFk YkkHkrs tla cfg.kkckbZP;k xk.;kph LQqrhZ *vjs ?kjksVk ?kjksVk] rqÖ;krwu iMs fiBh] rla

rla xk.ka ;sra ekÖ;k vksBh** vlk tx.;kpk vuqHko lkax.kkjk ,d doh larks’k okVikMs ;kapk

*gh ckx dq.kkph vkgs* gk dfork laxzg uqdrkp ikgk.;kr vkyk- dsoG ojojP;k

voyksdukrgh [kwi xks’Vh utjsr HkjY;k] dohph “kkyhurk] dqyhurk fnlyh] MksGkHkjY;k

utjsus ygku eqy vkbZdMs ikgrs] R;kyk rh vkiyh okVrs uOgs uOgs rh loZLop vlrs- frP;k

#ikxq.kakpk HkDr >kysyk] vkbZpap #i vlysyk ckG- tlk vkbZps o.kZu djrks rlk

“ksrhekrhr tUekyk vkysyk gk doh xzkethoukpk vkjlk cuwu lkjs [ksM]s R;kP;k fjrhHkkrh

tx.;kP;k vusdfo/k r&gk osxosxG;k vaxkus lkdkjrks-

Xkzkethoukrhy l’Vh#ih vkbZps o.kZu dj.kkjk doh] T;kP;k utjsus lkjs foHkzze

fny[kwykli.ks fViys vkgsr] ts vusdkauk vkiysp vuqHko okVrhy vlsp mrjys vkgsr-

rVLFk jkgwu o.kZu dj.ks osxGs o R;kr jkgwu rVLFksus lkax.ks osxGs- ,d”ks ikp e.;kaph gh

ekG vlysyk gk dfork laxzg xzke l’Vhrhy lk&;k dGkaps osxosxG;k vLly <axkr n”kZu

?kMforks- loZ jlkapk] x.kek=k o`Rrkapk] dforsP;k ijaijkapk vkf.k uorspk lkjk lkt] vxnh

?kjankt ckbZP;k #ikr bFks ikgk;yk HksVrks- xs;rk] y;] rky] Bsdk] Bldk] vHkax] yko.kh]

vksoh ;k lk&;kaph eqDri.ks m/kG.k dsyh rjh R;k jpusr dekyhpk la;e vk<Grks- “kkyhurk

vk<Grs- ;kph ikGaeqGs Kkus”ojh lkj[;k loZJs’B xzaFkkP;k laLdkjkrwu vkysyh vkgsr- ,jOgh

Hkku gji.kk&;k jpuk vki.k vusd ikgrks] ijarq ;k dforkaph jpuk dkgh osxGhp vkgs] th

Hkk’ksP;k n`’Vhus “kgjh vlyh rj vLly xzkeh.k vkgs-

izLrqr “kks/kfuca/kkr ledkyhu doh larks’k okVikMs ;kaP;k xzkeh.k dforkapk vk<kok

?ks.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk vkgs- rls ikfgys rj uk- /kks- egkuksj] foB~By ok?k] j- ok- fn?ks doh

vfuy v”kh xzkeh.k dforsrhy vusd ukos ?ksrk ;srhy- doh ;”koar] fxjh”k v”kh gh lk[kGh

ekxs&ekxs usrk ;sbZy- ijarq ledkyhu dfoP;k dforsrhy fopkj/kkjspk ekxksok ?ks.ks egRokps




23


vlY;kus ojhy dohP;k dforkapk fopkj bFks izLrqr ukgh- rls vlys rjh xzkethoukpk

vkjlk vlysys vktP;k dkGkrhy vk?kkMhps doh “ksrh ekrhrwu vkysys doh Eg.kwu banzftr

Hkkysjko] ,s”o;Z ikVsdj] lanhi txrki] fo’.kq Fkksjs v”kh BGd ukos fnlrkr- R;kaP;k

vktwcktwyk vk.k[kh dkgh doh vkgsr- T;kaP;k dfork vfr”k; Hkkoiw.kZ o osxG;k vkf.k

ijaijspk laLdkj tru dj.kk&;k vkgsr- vlkp ,d osxG;k okVsus tk.kkjk doh o vkiYkkp

okV.kkjk doh Eg.kts larks’k okVikMs gks;-

^^gh fgjoh fgjoh >kMs

gs fuGs tkaHkGs Mksaxj

;k xksftjok.;k osyh

i{kkapk vfojr okoj

okjk fHkjfHkjyk rsFks

xorkph gksrs FkjFkj

dqj.kkrwu udGr ;srs

rh lkn dq.kkph vkgs

gh ckx dq.kkph vkgs ^

gh dfork okpwu bZ”ojkP;k l’Vhps drKrkiwoZd xq.kxku dj.kkjk doh vktgh izkphu

dohabrdkp rkdnhus dkO;ys[ku djrks gs ukdkjrk ;s.kkj ukgh- “ksrh] ekrh] >kMs] Mksaxj]

osyh] i{kh] rGs] xor ;kr bZ”ojkph vuqHkwrh ?ks.kkjk doh] okpdkyk vkiY;k fufeZrhP;k

eqGki;Zar ?ksÅu tkrks- gh dfork okpY;koj lar rqdkjke egkjktkaP;k&

^ô{koYyh vkEgk lks;js oupjs

i{khgh lqLojs vkGforh^^

;k vHkaxkph lgt vkBo.k ;srs- rj ds”kolqrkaP;k&

^tsFks vks<s oujkth] rsFks o`Rrh jes ek>h

[kw.k R;k Js;kph iVrls

f=[kaM fgaMwu /kqaMhrls

u ijh gkjiys rs xols

v”kh vkrZrk vkf.k Js;klkBh rGeG.kkjh cq/nh o Hkkousph O;kdqGrk fnlrs- dohyk

ek= gh O;kdqGrk vfHkizsr ukgh- R;kpk lgtiz”u vkgs- gh l’Vh#ih ckx dks.kkph vkgs- T;k

ckxsr Mksaxj ekF;kauk tkxowu lq;Z gGwp Mksdkorks- bFkY;k xfgojysY;k lkoY;kauk mUgkph

tjrkj ykHkrs- rlsp lk;adkGps fp= [kwip laqnj vkgs-

24



^^jfofcac ljdys [kkyh

Vouhoj la/;k vkyh

dqadqe HkkGkoj NksVs

uooL= rukoj Y;kyh^^

jkaxksGh ik.;kojgh fdj.kkaph vofpr >kyh

f{krhtkoj yqdyqd.kkjh Qqyokr dq.kkph vkgs----- gh ckx dq.kkph vkgs\

v”kh lqanj la/;kdkG t”kh ckydohaP;k Qqyjk.khr vkyh gksrh- r”khp lqanj jk= vkf.k

jk=hps ;s.ks] vHkzkaph pknj] vax.kkrhy [kkV] l’VhlkSan;kZpk FkkV] U;kgkG.kkjk doh fdrh

fujkxl vkgs- l’Vhps foHkze fVi.kkjk gk xksaMl Hkko vksGhvksGhrwu tk.korks- vlk fulxZ

doh tsOgk xzkethoukrhy [kq.kk lkaxrks rsOgk [kjh xzkeh.k dfork dk; vkgs\ ;kpk izR;;

;srks- t.kw dohcjkscj vki.kgh vkiY;k [ksM;krY;k [k&;k ?kjh vkbZcjkscj tsok;yk clyks

vkgs- gh vLly xzkeh.krk vuqHkok;yk yko.kkjk doh Eg.krks]

^^”ksiw ikyd jLlk esFkh vkbZ Nku cuors

brds pfo’V lqanj tso.k gkrkusp Hkjors

vkbZP;k ek;syk fe=k vV o;kph ukgh

vkiqY;k MksG;ke/kyh ek;k vkbZ “kks/kr vlrs---^^

g;k vksGh okpY;kuarj izR;sd [ksM;krwu “kgjkr vkysY;k ek.klkyk vkiya xko] ?kj]

vkbZ] frP;k gkrph po vkBowu HkkofoHkksj >kY;kf”kok; jkgo.kkj ukgh-

ds”kolqrkaph ^xks’Vh ?kjkrhy eh onrk xM;k js^ ;k dforspk ns[khy mYys[k djkok ykxsy-

xkokdMpa ?kj] xkokdMP;k vkBo.kh lkax.ka osxGa vkf.k xkokps fp= mHka dj.ka osxGa- dohus

vk[[ka xkop osxosxG;k vuqHkokarwu vkiY;k dforkarwu lkdkjys vkgs- xkokrhy HkDr eaMGh

R;kaps Hktu] nghgaMh] <sdGkryk f”kjk] Hkkr dMhP;k iaxrh] R;kpcjkscj iDokUukps nku

dj.kkjs] okjhyk tk.kkjs HkDreaMGh] Jko.kljhps o.kZu o R;krwu vkBoysyh izs;lh] frP;k

HksVhph vks<] gqjgqj] ckjokP;k dkBh /kq.ka /kqok;yk vkysY;k L=hps o.kZu] lkoyhP;k #ikus

“kCnc/n dsys vkgs- dkfyanhpk dkB dfoP;k dforsr “kkari.ks jMrks vkgs- [kjap tqus >kM

dkslGys] R;kph eqGs fHkarhus ojrh vkyh] rj f{krhtkojpk dsljh Mksg dq.kh <oGyk vkgs- ;k

dforsrwu l’VhP;k lksToG #ikpk vkLokn ?ksrk ;srks vkf.k ikSjkf.kd lanHkZ ?ksÅu dohus T;k

xks’Vh vn;kâr BsoY;k vkgs R;kpkgh izR;; ;srks- l’Vho.kZukP;k ;k fp=krwu doh dohpk

mnklHkko useda dk; lkaxw ikgrks rs izR;;kyk vkY;kf”kok; jgkr ukgh- g;k dforsrhy

izfrek vkf.k izfrd brD;k “kkar o la;feri.ks ;srkr dh okpdkyk vkiksvkip vareqZ[k gksÅu

fopkj djkok ykxrks- mnk- doh Eg.krks&




25


^^dq.khrjh dksoG;k dGhpk nsg tkGyk vkgs

Xkorke/kwuh m}sxkpk /kwj mlGyk vkgs ^

;k vksGhrwu vktps okLro lwfpr gksrs- [kp.kkjk okjk tkxkstkxh /kkik Vkdrks- Egkrkjs vkHkkG

fuok&;klkBh okV rqMors vkf.k dGlkojpk mnkl >saMk [kwi dkgh lkaxwu tkrks- xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy

^<sdGkryk mHkk cki^ gh xzkeh.k dforsrhy lkoZf=d vuqHkokyk ;s.kkjh “ksrd&;kph “kksdkafrdk u

VkGrk ;s.kkjh vkgs-

^^vkbZ ckHkGhP;k [kkyh dkM;k ospwu clyh]

MksGs iqlwu [kikV iksV mxkp glyh^^

;k “kCnkarwu “ksrdj.khph th izfrek mHkh jkgrs- frP;k okV;kyk ts izkDru vkys vkgs rs

vktP;k nq’dkGh xzkeh.k Hkkxkrys iz[kj okLro vkgs- ts banzftr Hkkysjko] ,s”o;Z ikVsdj] vkuan

;kno] lanhi txrki ;kaP;k dforkarwugh frrdsp iz[kjrsus izdV gksrs-

^^tkM lkcjkyk ek>h >qys yqxM;kph >ksGh

fnls nq#u vkbZph eyk QkVysyh pksGh

Ekk>s jM.ks ,sdwu] ukgh ;s.kkj dq.khgh

vkyks ?ksÅu dikGh nsok xfjchpk “kki

ukaxjkpk cSy eqdk R;kyk ykxysyh /kko

?kke MksG;kr Hk#u <sdGkr mHkk cki^^

eqD;k cSyklkj[khp ckikphgh voLFkk vkgs- R;kykgh vkHkkGkph okV ikgrk ikgrk /kki ykxrs-

R;kpa mik”kh jkc.ka vkf.k R;kP;kdMs ikgr ikgr [kksVa [kksVa glr dkM;k osp.kkjh vkbZ T;k

“kCnkarwu doh izdV djrks rs okLro thou êj.kkl dk;nk ukgh^ ;k dforsrwu vf/kd xMn

gksrkauk fnlrs tsOgk ,[kknk “ksrdjh ;k nq%[kkP;k ifydMs tk.;klkBh lqVdk d#u ?ks.;klkBh

vkRegR;k djrks rsOgk ek= vardj.k xycywu vkY;kf”kok; jkgr ukgh- [ksM;krys gs “ksrd&;kP;k

okV;kyk vkysys gs nSU; nq’dkGkph /kx] HkqdseqGs gks.kkjh miklekj vkf.k “ksrd&;kP;k eukr ;s.kkjs

fopkj doh lgt cksywu tkrks-

iksVkyk ykxysY;k vkxhlkBh dq.kkyk gkd ekjkoh fx/kkMa ek= “ksrkr mik”khiksVh esysY;k

xqjkaP;k izsrkoj rÌr gksrkr- bdMs mik”kh ysdjkyk Hkkrgh feGr ukgh Eg.kwu R;kus “kkGk lksMyh

vkgs- rj u fu?k.kk&;k HkqdsiksVh xG;kryh ekG [kqaVhyk Vkaxwu iksVklkBh xksQ.khr [kMs Vkdwu

ik[k# ekjkosls okVrs- dsoG iksVklkBh djkoh ykx.kkjh gh ykpkjh njksMs[kksjhpk ns[khy fopkj

eukr vk.krs-

^êqnkZM fHkrkMkojh] fjR;k ?kkxjh] ilkjk nkjh

Pkkyyh dq.kkph rjh foBwP;k ?kjh eqD;kus ckjh^^

26



v'kk izdkjs vkRegR;spk izlax /ouhr gksrks- udGr “ksrd&;kpa ej.k vkiY;kyk fnlra- gs

lwfpr dj.;kph dohph th i/nr vkgs- rh ek= vkdzLrkGsi.kkph ukgh- rjhgh dkGtkr ?kj

dsY;kf”kok; jkgr ukgh fgp R;kaP;k dforsph [kkfl;r vkgs- ;k dforklaxzgkrhy dfork okpwu

,d ?kjankt dforsph vkBo.k gksrs- okVikMsaP;k dforsyk dks.krkgh fo’k; okoxk ukgh- ijarq rks

izdV dj.;kph th i/nr vkgs- rh ek= [kwip Nku vkgs vkf.k laoknh Lo#ikph vlY;kus

okpdkyk vareqZ[k dj.kkjh vkgs- mnk- ^ysdhyk lkaHkkGk^ ;k dforsrhy iq<hy “kCn vkiksvkip

ek.klkyk HkkofoHkksj djrkr-

^^HkksbZnknk HkksbZnknk--- [kkyh Bsow udks es.kk

okV xkokph okdMh--- fryk gksbZy osnuk

pwy vax.k iMoh--- vkt jMsy ?kjkph

xksM gkd dkukoj vkrk ;sbZy dks.kkph---

dkMh dkMhP;k ?kjkyk vkt clyk fganksGk

ysd lksMwu pkyyh ek÷;k ysdhyk lkaHkkGk^^

;k dkO;laxzgkr loZ izdkjP;k dfork dohus vkiY;k vuqHkokrwu vfr”k; ij[kMi.ks

tGtGhr] dBksj] gGqokj] dksey v”kk vusd Hkkokfo’dkjkrwu ekaMY;k vkgsr- fo”ks’k Eg.kts ;k

dfork eqDrNankrY;k ulwu vfr”k; rkyklqjkr xkrk ;srhy v”kk y;c/n o vusd o`Rrkarwu

dsysY;k vkgsr- ;k jpukao#up dohP;k izfrHksph lk{k iVrs- o`Rrc/n jpuseqGs ;k dkO;laxzgkyk

,d osxGh maph feGkyh vkgs- ;ed jpusckcrgh R;kauh ts iz;ksx dsys vkgsr R;keqGs ;k dfork

,dk uO;k iz;ksx”khy dohP;k dfork vkgsr vls iVrs- mnk-

^ôklwnso vkyk ?kjh ,d Hkkdjh ok< uk vkbZ

Hkk#M Eg.kr ukpyk Fkdwu Fkkacyk tk;pk UgkbZ ^

gk ikjaifjd okV.kkjk oklqnso yksdlkfgR;k”kh ukG tksMrks fdaok ûkprs moZ”kh^ e/khy jpuk

“kkfgjkaP;k yko.;kaph vkBo.k d#u nsrks- R;krhy “kCnQsd okpdkyk eksg#u Vkd.kkjh vkgs- ek=

inksinh ,d Hkkouk dk;e tk.kors- rh Eg.kts R;kaP;k izdVhdj.kkryk la;ehi.kk vkf.k oSpkfjd

cSBd-

lekjksi %lekjksi %lekjksi %lekjksi %

doh larks’k okVikVs ;kaph dfork Eg.kts ftyk vLly xzkethoukps fp=.k Eg.krk ;sbZy v”kh

dfork okpdkyk vareqZ[k dj.kkjh vkf.k uO;k dohauk ,d osxGh fn”kk ns.kkjh dfork vkgs- ek=k]

x.k] oRr] y;] rky] ;k lk&;kaph vuqHkwrh ns.kkjh gh dfork jl] #i] ukn] xa/k ;kapkgh folj iMw

nsr ukgh- gsp ;k dforsps oSf”k’V;s Eg.krk ;sbZy-


1- okVikMs larks’k % gh okV dq.kkph




27


ledyhu xzkeh.k dforkledyhu xzkeh.k dforkledyhu xzkeh.k dforkledyhu xzkeh.k dfork

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- lferk tk/kolferk tk/kolferk tk/kolferk tk/ko

ejkBh foHkkx] nsofxjh egkfo|ky;] vkSjaxkckn

Lo#i oSf”k’V;s %Lo#i oSf”k’V;s %Lo#i oSf”k’V;s %Lo#i oSf”k’V;s %

^tkxfrdhdj.k* gk lektkrhy loZp {ks=krhy cnykyk lokZf/kd dkj.khHkqr vl.kkjk

?kVd gks;- xzkeh.k Hkkxkoj ;k ?kVdkpk eksBk ifj.kke fnlqu ;srks- tkxfrdhdj.k vkf.k

R;kcjkscj vkysY;k [kktxhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k ;keqGs “ksrh&[ksMs] rsFkhy thou ;kr veqykxz

cny >kys- “ksrhps ikjaikjhd iz”Uk gksrsp i.k cnykauqlkj uohu iz”u tUekyk vkys- ;k

iz”ukapk os/k ledkfyu xzkeh.k dfork ?ksrsp f”kok; okM-e;hu n’Vhdksurqu uouohu iz;ksxgh

djrs- ;kp cjkscj gh dfork QDr ifjfLFkrhpk vkys[k ekaMr ukgh- rj cnyysY;k ifjLFkhrh

cn~ny ;k dforsph fuf”pr Hkqfedkgh r;kj >kysyh fnlqu ;srs- R;keqGsp gh dfork QDr

ifjfLFkrhpk fLodkj dj.;kcjkscjp fonzksgkpkgh lqj ykors- okM-e;hu ijaijscjkscjp d’kh

laLdrh”kh vl.kkjs ukrsgh tirs- ;k dforsph oSf”k’V;s iq<hy izek.ks lkaxrk ;srhy-

1111---- ikjaikjhd nq%[kkph dfork %ikjaikjhd nq%[kkph dfork %ikjaikjhd nq%[kkph dfork %ikjaikjhd nq%[kkph dfork %

“ksrh “ksrdjh [ksMs ;k dsanzkHkksorh xzkeh.k dforspk O;ki iljysyk fnlrks- “ksrh gk ?kVd

izkeq[;kus fulxkZoj voyacqu vlrks- fulxkZP;k dìsph] vodìsph QGs] “ksrh vkf.k

“ksrd&;kyk Hkksxkoh ykxr vlrkr- R;k [k&;k vFkkZus “ksrdjh gk lnSo lq[kh] dkj.k

fulxkZPkk ygjhi.kkp R;kP;k vf/kd okV;kyk ;srks- nq’dkG vkf.k R;kps ifj.kke gs

“ksrdj&;kps fi<;kufi<;kps ikjaikfjd Lo#ikps nq%[k vkgs- dkG cnyyk Eg.kqu rs cnyys

rj ukgh myV R;kaP;k dGk vf/kd froz >kY;k ledkfyu xzkeh.k dfork ;k ikjaikfjd

nq%[kkP;k fdrhrjh Lo#ikP;k osnuk ekaMrs- “ksrdjh vkHkkGkdMss MksGs ykoqu clysyk vlrks-

ikolkps u{k= ekstr jkgrks- vkt ukgh rj m|k rjh uDdhp vkHkkG Hk#u ;sbZy v”kh vk”kk

eukr Bsorks] i.k o’kZ fu?kqu tkrs rjh ikÅl dkgh fQjdr ukgh vk;q’; Hkjkpk vuqHko deh

iMrks vkf.k nq’dkG ukxklkj[kk Q.kk dk<qu mHkk jkgrks- mUgkGk ikolkGk ,dp gksÅu

tkrks- gs vktps okLro vlys rjh fi<;kufi<;kiklqu nq’dkG gk “ksrd&;kpk ikjaikfjd “k=q

vkgs- vktP;k dkGkr R;kus vf/kd fHk’k.k o mxz #i /kkj.k dsys vkgs- gs okLro dforsrqu

usedsi.kkus ekaMrkauk doh izdk”k gksGdj Eg.krkr &

^û{k= laiqu tkrkr dksjM;kgqu dksjMs

tqU;k ikxksV;kapa cksV ekst.k Fkkacr ukgh

28



iapkaxkrY;k rkj[kk cnyrkr

fnol dkgh cnyr ukgh-

lkykslky ikolkGs ;srkr

ik[kjklkj[ks mMqu tkrkr

isj.kh tksxrh vksygh [kkyh jkgr ukgh-

dkGtk[kkypk va/kkj rso<k ok<r tkrks-**

¼^dksjMs u{k=* izdk”k gksGdj i`-50]51½

nq%[kk cjkscjp ‘ksrd&;kP;k okV;kyk vk.k[kh ,d ijaijk vkyh vkgs rh Eg.kts Jekph-

Je dj.k] ?kke xkG.ks] gs vVG HkkX; uf”kch vl.kk&;k “ksrd&;kph lgpkfj.kh R;kP;k

cjkscjhus Je djrs] d’V djrs] fdacgquk Je dsys rjpa iksVkyk pkj ?kkl feGrhy gs lR;

fryk ekfgr vkgs- Eg.kqu Jekph gh ijaijk “ksrd&;k cjkscj rhgh usVkus pkyfor vlrs- R;k

Jekps ekgRE; lkaxrkaukpk vuqHko doh Jhdkar ns”keq[k vlk O;Dr djrkr &

^^rh Eg.krs

e.kHkj ekrh milyh

eqBHkj nk.ks ?kjkr ;srkr

?kkxjHkj ?kke okgk;yk

ilkHkj nkGnk.kk injh iMrks**

¼^vk’kk< ekrh* i`-78½

vFkkZr ,o<s Je d#ugh R;k Jekps eqY; “ksrd&;kP;k injkr iMsyp vls ukgh- myV

Jekoj ik.kh fQj.ks gsp “ksrd&;kps fo/khfy[khr vkgs- ckbZps ckbZi.kkps nq%[k gsgh ikjaijhdp

vkgs- nq%[k lkslrk lkslrk ckbZP;k vksBkrqu vkilqd yksdxhra tUekyk vkyh- vkt ;k

yksdxhrkae/kqu L=h;kaph fi<;kufi<;kaph nq%[k O;Dr >kyh vkgsr i.k can vksBkauh- Eg.kts ;k

nq%[kkpk eksdGk mPpkj yksdxhragh d# “kdyh ukgh- nkcY;k ncdra “kCnkr L=h;k vkiY;k

nq%[kkyk yksdxhrkrqu ltor jkghY;k fdaok yksdxhrkrhy nq%[kkr vkiys nq%[k “kks/kr jkfgY;k

i.k vkrk R;kaP;k nq%[kkpk Li’V mPpkj dforsrqu O;Dr gksbZy- fulxkZojp uf”kckp ikjMa

fQjra gs “ksrd&;kauk ekghr vkgs vkf.k R;keqGsp Rkks R;kyk nso Ekkurks] R;kP;kdMs fHkd

ekxrks] vkGo.kh djrks- ,o<a d#ugh R;kph >ksGh fjdkehp jkgrs- ;k okLrokykgh rks vkrk

ljkoyk vkgs- gs lR; fLodk#u rks fu<kZorks- ikolkph vksyh vkf.k dksjMh v”kh nksUgh #i

r”kh “ksrd&;kyk =klnk;dp i.k rsgh vkrk “ksrd&;klkBh usgehphp- tksi;Zar “ksrh&”kssrdjh

vfLrRokr vkgs rksi;Zar R;kps gs ikjaikjhd nq%[k ijaijsus “ksrd&;kP;k ,dk fi<hdMqu nql&;k

fi<hdMs tkr jkghy vkf.k rsOgk rs nq%[k dforsrqu O;Drgh gksr jkghy- R;keqGsp gs nq%[k




29


lukru cur tkrs-

fonzksg tk.khok %fonzksg tk.khok %fonzksg tk.khok %fonzksg tk.khok %

^fonzksg gh okLRkfod nfyr dforsph vksG[k i.k xzkeh.k dfork gh nfyr dfors brdh

ulyh rjh la;eh Lo#ikr dk gksbZuk fonzksg O;Dr djrs- “ksrd&;kP;k okV;kyk d’V vkf.k

nq%[kk f”kok; nqlj dkgh ;sr ukgh ;kyk dkj.k ftrdk fulxZ vkgs- frrdhp bFkyh O;oLFkgh

vkgs- R;keqGsp “ksrd&;kP;k nq%[kkps d’Vkps o.kZu dj.kkjh ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork bFkY;k

O;oLFksckcrpk fonzkg O;Dr djrs- “ksrd&;kyk ukMo.kkjk QDr fulxZ ukgh rj rks QDr ,d

?kVd vkgs- “ksrd&;kph gh v”kh voLFkk gks.;kyk QDr fulxZ gkp ?kVd dkj.khHkqr ulqu

bFkyh O;oLFkk] Lkjdkjh /kksj.k] O;kikjh nyky] v”kk lxG;kauh “ksrd&;kyk ukMya vkgs- R;k

cn~nypk fonzksg ;k dforsrqu O;Dr gksrks- vkrki;Zar “ksrdjh vkiY;k voLFksyk ifjfLFkrh]

ijaijk gsp dkj.khHkqr ekuqu R;kp ifjfLFkr txr gksrk i.k vkrk ;k ifjfLFkrh fo#/n~ y<ys

ikfgts gh tk.kho ;k dforsrqu fuekZ.k dsyh vkgs-

txfn”k dne ;kaP;k dforsrqu gh tk.kho v”kk i/n~rhus O;Dr gksrs&

^^rqp rqyk udks dkasMq

lqUu iMD;k ?kjkr

ijtqu Bso rq>s

yk[k fgEerhps gkr**

¼ukenso “ksrdjh i- 51½

“ksrd&;kapk ns”k vl.kk&;k ;k ns’kkr vkckG lokZr tkLr gkrs rh “ksrd&;kph vkf.k

gh vkckG “ksrdjh fi<;kufi<;k lkslr vkyk vkgs- R;kyk dkj.k Eg.kts y<.;kpsp vkf.k

Ik;kZ;kus ti.;kps cG ;k dq.kC;k dMs ukgh Eg.kqup rj dks.khgh dlkgh “ksrd&;kpk Qk;nk

?ksrkauk fnlrks-

R;keqGs vkrk ^xkaMw* gksÅu tx.;kis{kk] lxGp xqipqi lgu djr cl.;kis{kk uO;k

fi<hP;k dq.kC;kauh vkrk d’Vkyk nke feG.;klkBh vkrk y<ys ikfgts- cGhps jkT; fuekZ.k

dj.;klkBh dkekyk ykxys ikfgts vlk fu”p; dj.kkjh fonzksg] y<.;Pkh o`Rrh] vkiys

vfLrRo fVdfo.;kph /kMiM gs lxGs ;k dforsrqu fujfujkG;k #ikr O;Dr gksr jkgrs-

“ksrdjh fu%”kL= d/khp uOgrk- R;kP;kdMs #e.k] Hkkys] dq&gkM] dqnG v”kh gR;kjs iqohZ iklqu

vkgsr ek= R;kpk mi;ksx R;kus vU;k;k fo#/n~ d/khp dsyk ukgh- gh gR;kjs R;kauh

ltuklkBhp okijyh i.k vkiY;k gkrkr vkrk “kL= vkgsr vkf.k ;k “kL=kpk mi;ksx

vkiY;kyk ikfgts rlk djrk ;sÅ “kdrks gh uoh tk.kho dq.kC;ke/;s #tfo.;kph tckcnkjh

30



ckykth baxGs ;k dohus lxG;k dohadMs fnyh vkgs- R;keqGs rks dohauk vkokgu djrks &

^ûkaxj ekj.kk&;k

ckikP;k gkrk[kkyh vLkra #e.ka

ckikus ykoysY;k mlkyk QqVrkr Hkkys

[kkn;koj dq&gkM ?ksÅu

cki lkoGr vlrks >kM

dqnG ?ksÅu gkrh

cki [k.kr vlrks cka/klksf”kd ckikyk

vkrk ;k gR;kjkaph

tk.kho d#u |k;ph osG vkyh

reke dohauks

pyk vkrk dkekyk ykxq**

¼êsya ukgh vktqu vkHkkG* ckykth enu baxGs i`- 91½

lk/kkj.ki.ks xzkeh.k dforsr “ksrd&;kps nq%[k tx.;kP;k r&gk g;kp iqUgk iqUgk O;Dr

gksr jkgrkr- “ksrd&;kps gs nq%[k lukru vlys rjh ;k nq%[kkoj vkrk dkghrjh mik; “kks/kyk

ikfgts fueqV lgu djr tx.;kis{kk LokfHkekukus tx.;kpk Ik;kZ; “kks/kyk ikfgts vlk t.kq

lans”k ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork nsrs- Eg.kqup rhP;krqu fonzksg tk.khok izdV gksrkauk fnlrkr-

“ksrh] “ksrdjh R;kaps nq%[k gs xzkeh.k dohrsps eq[; fo’k; vkgsr- “ksrhph voLFkk]

“ksrd&;kph ijoM ;k xks’Vh xzkeh.k dforsr ;srkrp ijrq gh dfork ledkykps lanHkZ gh

fp=hr djrs- R;keqGsp rj rhyk ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork Eg.krkr- tkxfrdhdj.k vkf.k

R;kps ifj.kke gk ledkykoj izHkko vl.kkjk egRokpk ?kVd ;k tkxfrdhdj.kkpk “ksrhoj

Ik;kZ;kus “ksrdjh thoukoj eksBk ifj.kke >kyk vkgs- tx >ikV;kus toG ;sr vlrkauk [ksMs

“kgjkrhy varj deh >kys- “kgjkrhy vusd lqfo/kk [ksM;kr iksgkspY;k- ;a=lkexzh vk/kqfud

ra=KkukeqGs “ksrhgh vk/kqfud >kyh- xkokr ljdkjh ;kstuk vkY;k xkokpk fodkl dj.;klkBh

fofo/k ;kstuk vkY;k- vkf.k R;kp cjkscj xkokr jktdkj.kgh vkys- osxosxG;k jktdkj.kh

i++{kkP;k izos”kkeqGs xkokr vusd ikV;kZ iMYlj R;krqu thokyk tho ns.kkjs ,desdkaP;k

fojks/kkr mHks Bkdys vkf.k ;k jktdkjk.kkik;h xkokpk] fodklkpk] “ksrhps QDr uqdlkup >kys

;kph tk.kho vkrkrjh fuekZ.k Ogkoh ;k gsrqus v”kksd dksGh dforsrqu ,d lans”k nsÅikgrkr&

^^m”khjk vkeP;k

Vdq&;kr vky

jktdkj.kkpa




31


xtd.kZ >kys-

--------------------

d# gn~nikj

lkjk HksnkHksn

xko fodklkpk

fygqu uok osn**

¼ ^xkokdMP;k dohrk* i`-30 ½

baVjusV] besy] ,l-,e-,l-] eksckbZy] fledkMZ] esejhdkMZ gs “kCn jkstP;k thoukr

vfoHkkT; >kys vkgs- vktP;k ;k Hkk’ksps lanHkZ dforsrqugh osxosxG;k vFkkZus osxoxG;k

lanHkkZus ;sr jkgrkr-

mnk- îkÅl besy dj*] ^fltj dj Eg.krs ekrh*] ukaxjVhryk ;qxkpk izokl baVjusVoj

viyksM djkok Eg.krks-*] ûkjn fgMu dWesjk “ksaMhr vMdoqu ?kVusP;k fLVax vkWijs”ku*]

^banznjckjh ykbZOg VsfydkLV* v”kh ledkyhu thoukph Hkk’kkgh ;k dforsr ;srs-

vLekuh&lqYrkuh ladVkauh fipysyk “ksrdjh gs okLro usgehpsp vlys rjh vkrk “ksrd&;kpk

/khj [kpr pkyyk vkgs- R;keqGs rks ej.kkyk toG djrks vkgs- Eg.kqu “ksrd&;kaP;k

vkRegR;kgsgh ledkyhu Toyar okLro vkgs- ;k vkRegR;srgh vusd daxksjs vkgsr- o’kkZuqo’kkZps

dtZ fQVr ukgh Eg.kqu dks.kh vkRegR;k djrks;] vkRegR;k dsY;k uarj “ksrd&;kP;k

dqVaqckyk ljdkjh enr feGrs- vkiY;k e`R;q uarj vkiY;k dqVaqckyk enr feGsy ;k vk”ksus

dks.kh vkRegR;k djrks;- dkj.k dkghgh vlys rjh “ksrdjh vkRegR;k djrks vkgs gs

tGtGhr okLro vkgs- R;k vkRegR;sp jktdkj.kgh gksr vkgs- ek= R;k “ksrd&;k ekxs th

L=h mjrs fryk dqVqackpk xkMk gkrh ?ksÅu vks<kokp ykxrks- vkRegR;k dj.;kpss Lokra ;

fryk ukgh- gs okLro fVirkauk doh enu baxGs Eg.krkr &

^ûo&;kus vkRegR;k dsY;koj dqBY;k fgerhus

gh ckbZ vkrk [kqijs /kjr vlsy\**

¼êsya ukgh vtqu vkHkkG* ckykth enu baxGs] i`-10½

tkxfrdhdj.kkpk xzkeh.k O;oLFksoj] “ksrhoj ifj.kke >kyk- “ksrd&;kyk vkrk rjh U;k;

feGsy v”kh R;kauk vk”kk okVr vlrkauk QDr llsgksyiV “ksrd&;kP;k okV;kyk vkyh vkf.k

;sr jkghy- fdrhgh uo ra=Kku vky rjh “ksrd&;kyk ekrhrp [kikoa ykxsy gs okLro

fVirkauk doh y{e.k egkMhd Eg.krkr &

32



^^d’kh ekflda vkdk”kok.kh cjkscjp

nqjn”kZuua vk/kqfudrspa oSf”od n”kZu fnya

vkf.k gk;czhMk;>s”kuP;k ikoykoj ikÅy Bsowu

R;kP;k nkjh fV”kq dYpj vkya

Eg.kqu Eg.krks &

vkr rjh dqBs #tq ykxrhy

dq.kC;kP;k vk;q’;kr le`/n~hph fgjoh LoIu

i.k rjhgh pqd.kkj ukgh- d/khp R;kyk

Lor%e/khy ekrhi.k ti.ka--- vu~ ekrhe/kh [ki.ka**

¼^dq.kC;kph dfork* i`-6½

baVjusV] nG.koG.kkph lk/kus fofo/k lks;h ;keqGs [ksM;krgh “kgjh laLdrhpk f”kjdko

>kyk-

[ksM;krhy laLdrh yksi ikÅ ykxyh- “ksrhps ikjaikjhd iz”u dk;ep vkgsr i.k uohu

iz”ukaph Hkj R;kr iMyh vkgs- lEkdkyhu okLrokps vls fdrh rjh inj ledkyhu xzkeh.k

dfork fVir jkgrs- R;kr d/kh mijks/k] d/kh migkl rj d/kh ljG Hksnd okLrokyk gkr

?kkrysyk vlrks-

yksd laLdrh”kh ukrs%

yksdlaLdrhpk vfoHkkT; ?kVd vlysyk yksdlkfgR;kph fuehZrh izkeq[;kus xzkeh.k

Hkkxkr >kyh vkf.k ;k lkfgR;kps tru&lao/kZugh xzkeh.k Hkkxkrp >kys- [ksM;krhy

yksdthoukps yksdlkfgR;k”kh ?kfu’V ukrs vkgs- yksddFkk] yksdxhrs gh v”kh xzkeh.k

thoukrhy euksjatukph ek/;es gksrh r”khp rh vkRekfo”dkjkphgh lk/kus gksrh- R;keqGsp

yksdlkfgR;krqu xzkeh.k thoukPks izfrfcac iMysys fnlrs- vkt yksdlkfgR; yksdlaLdrh yksi

ikor vlys rjh ;k laLdrhps lkfgR;kps laLdkj fi<;kufi<;kaoj >kys vkgs ;kpk izR;;

ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforso#u ;srks- tkxfrdhdj.kkpk izHkko tjh ;k dohrsoj vlyk rjh

yksdlaLdrh”kh yksdlkfgR;k”kh vlysys vkiys ukrs gh dfork Li’V djrs- ;k dforsph jpuk

tkxj.k] Hkk#M] xksa/kG ;k #ikrgh izdV gksrkauk fnlrkr- R;krhy lanHkZ vk/kqfud vlys rjh

jpuseqGs ;k dforsps ukG yksdxhrk”kh ikjaikjhdrs”khgh tksMys xsys vkgs gs y{kkr ;srs- ^;k

“krdkpk lkrckjk gksbZy dksjk* ;k laxzgkr doh “kadj fn?ks ;kauh ^”ksrd&;kaps tkxj.k* ¼i`- 34

rs 39½ ekaMys vkgs- gs laiw.kZ tkxj.k Eg.kts O;oLFksoj dohus vks<ysys vklw< gks;-

“ksrd&;kauh l/;dkyhu fLFkrhps migklkRed o.kZu ;k dforsr R;kauh dsys vkgs- ^tkxj.k* gk




33


nsohyk vkokgu dj.;kpk yksdxhrkpk ,d izdkj- ;ke/;s tkxj.k dj.kkjk lknj dj.kkjk

nsohP;k izR;sd #ikpa uko ?ksmu fryk vkokgu djrks- doh “kadj fn?ks ;kaP;k vk/kqfud

tkxj.kkrgh vktP;k dkGkps nSor gksÅ igk.kkjs jktdkj.kh] feMh;kokys] “kkL=K] fopkjoar]

lkfgR;hd tkrh;oknh la?kVuk ;kauk vkokgu dsys vkgs vkf.k gs vkokgu dj.kkjk “ksrdjh

vkgs- rks tk[kkbZ [kaMksck ;k nsorkaiklqu vk/kqfud nsorkai;Zr lxG;kauk vkokgu djrks-

dks.khrjh vkiyh voLFkk fdeku c?kk;yk rjh ;kOka v”kh R;kyk vis{kk vkgs- rks Eg.krks&

^^“ksr xqaryh] <ksja [kiyh] fosdya vk[kj o[kj

-------------------------------------------------------------

lokZauhp vkEgkyk Vkdya lkodkjkua ?ksjya

ljdkjua ukMya & vkrk “ksoV c?kk;yk ;k

vkRegR;k djrks vkEgh-------------

lk{khyk rjh ;k**

¼i`- 35½

doh banzthr Hkkysjko ;kaP;k îhdik.kh* ;k laxzgkr yksdxhrk”kh ukrs lkax.kk&;k vusd

jpuk vk<Grkr- dfork dz-1 rs 10 ph jpuk ¼izFkeko`Rrh½ gh vHkaxkP;k Lo#ikr >kyh vkgs-

dfork dz 17 ¼i`-17½ ph jpuk gh tkR;kojP;k vksohlkj[kh vkgs- mnk-

^^dksu xsyk iqU;oar ek; /kqudkjya jku

ok&;kua ;k ykoy; vkodkGh ;sMs xku**

HkkysjkokaP;k ihdik.kh ;klaiq.kZ laxzgkr dforkae/kqu yksddFkkaps lanHkZ c?kko;kl fEkGrkr-

R;kp izek.ks osxosxGs yksdladsr ts xzkeh.k Hkkxkr vktgh dkgh va”kkus dk gksbZuk ikGys

tkrkr R;kapkgh mYys[k dforkae/kqu dsysyk vk<Grks- R;keqGs ;k dforsps iks’k.k

yksdlaLdrhoj >kys vkgs vls Eg.krk ;srs- ledkfyu fofo/k lanHkZ nsÅu gh dfork

ikjaifjdrspk rkasMkoGk ?ksÅu ;srs vkf.k yksdlaLdrh”kh vlysYks vkiys ukrs Li’V djrs- doh

izdk”k gksGdj “ksrd&;kP;k fgrklkBh vk/kqfud ^;sGdksV* ekaMrkr &

^^Hk# ns ;ank e`xkpa vkHkkG

ukokpk rq>k ;sGdksV djhy

ok<q ns vaxkoj eqBHkj ekal

ukokpk rq>k ;sGdksV djhy-----

¼dksjMs u{k= Ik`-2½

ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsps yksdlaLd`fr”kh vlysys ukrs fujfujkG;k #ikr Li’V gksr jkgrs-

34



5555---- izk;ksfxdrk %izk;ksfxdrk %izk;ksfxdrk %izk;ksfxdrk %

fof”k’V fopkjka”kh ckaf/kydh Bsoqu dykdrh izdV gksr vlsy rj ;k dykdrhr

dykRedrk Qkj”kh ;sr ukgh i.k ;k dykRedrsP;kp vaxkus dykdrh izdV gksr vlsy rj

rh dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk fopkj nsÅ “kdr ukgh fdaok frph dks.kR;kgh fopkjka”kh cka/khydh

vlr ukgh vls EgaVys tkrs- ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork fof”k’V fopkjka”kh cka/khydh Bsoqu

izdV gksr vlyh rjh ;k dforsyk okM-e;hu Hkku vlY;kps tk.kors- fof”k’V fopkj izdV

djrkauk ledkyhu xzkeh.k doh vkiY;k dforsr fofo/k iz;ksx djrkauk vk<Grkr- lgkftdp

R;keqGs ;k dforsps okM-e;hu eqY; ok<rs- ;k dforsr T;k izek.ks yksd laLdrhps lanHkZ ;srkr]

yksdxhrklkj[;k jpuk ;srkr] R;kp izek.ks ;k dforsr ekaM.khP;k] cksyhP;k n`’Vhus iz;ksx

dsY;kps fnlrs- yksdlkfgR;kps lanHkZ ?ksmu iqohZP;k fi<hr egkuqjkaph dfork ;srs i.k c&;kp

izek.kkr R;kP;k dforsr ;k lanHkkZus yksdthou fdaok fulXkZ fp=.k izdV gksrs- ledkfyu

xzkeh.k dforsr ek= yksdthoukP;k laanHkkZrqu ledkyhu lkekftd okLro izdV gksrs gs

egRokps- vktqcktqP;k okrkoj.kkpk ifj.kke Eg.kqu dh dk; ;k dforsP;k ekaM.khrgh iz;ksx

gksrkauk fnlrkr- ckykth baxGs ;kaP;k êsya ukgh vktqu vkHkkG* ;k laxzgkrhy c&;kp

dforsP;k ekaM.khr fofo/k iz;ksx dsysys fnlrkr &

vuqHko+ ikÅl ’ ykxqM

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&= injkr dk;\

lkyHkjkpa fu;kstu

¼i`-4½

vla xf.kr dohus ekaMY;keqGs dohyk useds dk; vkf.k dls Li’V djk;ps vkgs- rs

ifj.kkedkjd fjR;k dGrs- v”kk fofo/k #ikrhy brjgh vusd dfork ;k laxzgkr vk<Grkr-

mnk-& ^pqdhps i.k cjkscj mRrj* ¼i`-26½ gh ys[kh xf.krkP;k #ikrhy dfork êqDdkekpa xko*

¼i`-3½] ^Start rs Top Gear*¼i-9½] ^cWaad cWyUl*¼i`-18½] b-nh-R;kp cjkscj tkfgjkrhP;k #ikrhy ^vkWQj*

¼i`-52½] gh dfork fofo/k ledkfyu lanHkkZ cjkscj dfous ;k laxzgkr ledkykph Hkk’kk okijyh

vkgs- R;keqGs vktP;k dkGkph baxzth feJhr Hkk’kk vkf.k vktP;k jkstP;k O;ogkjkr ;s.kk&;k

“kCn&ladYiuk ;k dforsr ;srkr- mnk-*,fD>V*] ^vkWQj*] ^bZesy*] esejh dkMZ*] ‘dead phone’,

‘sms’,‘unlimited talk time’,^vkÅV vkWQ jssat* bR;knh- ;k laxzgkrhy dforkaps dohus 3 Hkkx

dsys vlqu R;kauk îfgys okoj*] ^nqljs okoj*]^frljs okoj* v”kh ukos fnyh vkgsr- xzkeh.k

cksyhrhy “kCn lanHkZ gh ;k dforsr ;srkr- R;keqGs gh dfork ifj.kkedkjd rj Bjrsp i.k

R;kp cjkscj HkqrdkG] orZekudkG ;kaP;k”kh laokn lk/kr Hkfo’; dkGk”kh vlysys vkiys ukrs

Li’V djrs- laxzgkrhy c&;kp dforkae/;s ,d “kCnkph ,dp vksG vkgs R;keqGs gh rks vuqHko




35


vkf.k R;k dforsrhy fonkjdk okpdkai;Zar iksgksprs- doh banzftr Hkkysjko ;kauh vkiY;k

dforsr ejkBokMh cksyhpk mi;ksx dsysyk fnlrks- R;kp izek.ks izdk”k fduxkodj ;kaP;k

dforsr [kkans”kh cksyhps lanHkZ ;srkr- mnk- ^fgoj*] ôMkax*] ^nksjok*] ^fBYykjh* ^ck;k*]^gssadG*]

êkrhpk xkxj*- xzkelaLd`frrhy vusd “kCn] izfrek] iqjk.kkrhy lanHkZ] ladsr] izfrds ;kapk

okijgh ;k dohaP;k dforsr vk<Grks- mnk-& ^Hkkdjhyk ykxks dq[kq*] ôkQ/kkou*

^rkaC;k mcMk*] ^dqjdqaT;k* ;klkj[ks yksdladsr banzftr Hkkysjko îhdik.kh* ;k laxzkgkr

vk<Grkr- ^cksM[;k MksD;kus [kG;kr tkÅ u;s*] ^[kG;krY;k cSykap “ks.k gkrkoj >syqu

?;kos*] ^vkMO;k tk.kk&;k HkjY;k ?kkxjhr*] îkG.;krY;k ckGktoG iSls BsoY;k f”kok; iq<s

tkÅ u;s] êk#rhpk “ksanqj dk<.k*- v”kk “ksrdjh thoukrhy ladsrkpk okij ds”ko ns”keq[k

;kaP;k dforsr vk<Grkr- R;keqGs dforsrhy vuqHkokauk xzkeh.k vLlyrspk Li’kZ gksrksp f”kok;

gs lanHkZ ladsr ;kaps tru gks.;kcjkscj R;keqGs vuqHkokaph O;kidrk fl/n~ gksrs- êLroky

okGoh*] ^Kkukps iksf”kans*] ^>ksiysys jku*] ^vka/kGh ekrh*] ^vk;q’;kpk lokZ*] ôkojkr rqcysY;k

pkan.;k]îkaHkjhps iku*]

^gacj vksY;k jkrh* ;k lkj[;k d`’kh thouk”kh ukrs lkax.kk&;k izfrek xzkeh.k dforspk vk”k;

O;kid djrkr-

ledkfyu xzkeh.k dforsph oj uksanfoysyh oSf”k’V;s frps Lo#i O;Dr djrkr ek= brj

izokgkapk fopkj djrk ;k dforsr y{k.kh;rk] Lora= GizHkkoh vfLrRo ;kapk vHkko fnlrks-

vFkkZr gh dfork izxrhdMs okVpky djhr vkgs ,o<s fuf”pr !

36



d`’kh laLdrhP;k dforkd`’kh laLdrhP;k dforkd`’kh laLdrhP;k dforkd`’kh laLdrhP;k dfork

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- yrk iokj yrk iokj yrk iokj yrk iokj

ch- vkj- Mh- dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] ukf”kdjksM

xzkeO;oLFkk gh Lora= vkf.k Lo;aiq.kZ vlrs- xzkeh.k laLdrh gh d`’kh thoukpk izeq[k

?kVd jkfgysyk vkgs- “ksrdjh ;k d`’kh thoukP;k dsanzLFkkuh vlrks- “ksrdÚ;kyk dsanzLFkkuh

Bsowup laiw.kZ xkoxkMk fuekZ.k >kysyk vkgs- ;k O;oLFksr “ksrh”kh fuxfMr ikÅl] fids] “ksr]

fofgjh] xor] >kMs] >qMis] xkbZ] xqjs Ik”kq&i{kh] ukaxj] o[kj] dqGo] xksQ.k] vkiys l.k&mRlo

gh d`’khthouk”kh fuxMhr vkgsr- ukxiapeh] iksGk] nljk] xq<hikMok ;klkj[ks l.k bR;knh loZ

xks’Vh vki.k “ksrhiklwu vyx d:p “kdr ukgh- R;kpcjkscj vyqrsnkj&cyqrsnkj] dk:&uk:]

fQjLrs] ikVhy&dqyd.khZ gs gh d`’kh laLdrhps egÙokps ?kVd vkgsr- xzke laLdrhr gs loZ

?kVd ijLij iwjd Hkwfedk fuHkkor vlrkr- ;kr “ksrh gh uqlrh miftfodsps lk/ku ukgh rj

rh lkrR;kph uofufeZrh vlrs- R;keqGs “ksrh ekrh”kh lacaf/kr ek.klkps dkgh Hkkoca/k fuekZ.k

gksrkr-

d`’kh laLdrh gh fulxZ lUeq[k vkgs- ;k laLdrhr ,dtho gksÅu tx.kkÚ;k xzkeh.k

ek.klkps Lor%ps ,d Lora= Hkkofo”o fuekZ.k gkssr vlrs-

“ksrh fulxkZoj voyacwu vlrs- fulxZ ygjh vlY;keqGs lkgftdp “ksrdjh nSooknh

curks- ek= izxr lekt R;kyk vMk.kh] ijaijkoknh Bjorks- [kjs rj rks R;k laLdrhps viR;

vlrks- R;kP;k lrrP;k fulxZlkfu/;krwu ?ksrysY;k vuqHkokrwu R;kyk dkgh xq< xks’Vhps

vkdyu >kysys vlrs- R;krwu yksd letwrh yksdfo/kh] yksd:<h r;kj >kysY;k vlrkr-

v”kk izdkjs d`’kh laLdrhr ok<ysyh eus vkfne ladYiuka”kh cka/kyh tkrkr- izk- vk- :-

rksjks Eg.krkr] ;sFks HkqrdkGp orZeku dkGkr xksBysyk vlrks- ,dw.kp ;k fofo/k ckchapk

ifj.kke Eg.kwu xzkeh.k ek.klkph fof”k’V v”kh euksjpuk r;kj >kysyh vlrs- mnk- vkuan

;knokaP;k xksrkoGîkrhy ûkjck* VkjQqykrhy /kksaMîk---ekxns”kh ek.kls e/khy dksaMh-

xzkeh.k HkkxkP;k oSf”k’Vîsiw.kZ jpusr tkrhO;oLFksyk vR;ar egÙo vkgs- izR;sd tkrhph

Lor%iqjrh ,d osxGh laLdrh vlrs- frps Lor%ps osxGs fo/kh vlrkr- vkt tkrhO;oLFkk

dksyeMwu iMyh vlyh rjhgh izR;sd tkrh vkikiY;k :<h] ijaijk] fo/khfu’ks/k lkaHkkGrkuk

fnlwu ;srkr- xzkeh.k O;Drh dqVqackyk] dqVqac] tkrhyk vkf.k tkr xkoxkMîkyk cka/kysyh vlrs

R;keqGs dqVqackP;k ijaijk] tkrhP;k ijaijk vkf.k xkoxkMîkph cka/k.kh ;k xzkeh.k O;Drhoj izHkko

Vkdr vlrkr vkf.k gs loZ ?kVd fulxkZ”kh tksMys xsysys vlY;keqGs xzkeh.k ek.kql




37


vkfneeuksoLFkk ckGxwu txr vlrks- ;k thou i/nrhr txrkuk xzkeh.k ek.klkyk lrr

fulxkZ”kh vkf.k ckgî O;oLFks”kh la?k’kZ djkok ykxrks- ;k la?k’kkZr ek.klkps ek.kwl Eg.kwu

vl.kkjs /keZ izdV gksrkr- v”kk ek.klkP;k euksO;oLFksps fp=.k dj.kkjs lkfgR; rs xzkeh.k

lkfgR; gks;- xzkeh.k lkfgR;krwu O;Drhe/kwu O;Drhe/;s eqjysys xzkeh.kRo izdV gksr tkrs-

d`’khO;oLFkspk izHkko ek.klkP;k loZp thou{ks=koj iMr vlrks- izxr ra=KkukP;k

dkGkr rj R;kph rhozrk vf/kdp ok<ysyh fnlwu ;srs- izxr ra=KkukeqGs d`’khthou m/oLr

gksÅu xzkeh.k ek.klkps thou vLrkO;Lr >kys vkgs- Ik;kZoj.kkr izpaM cny >kyk vkgs- d/kh

nq’dkG] d/kh vfro`’Vh] dqBs pØhoknGs rj dqBs <xQqVh gksÅu {k.kkr gksR;kps uOgrs gksr vkgs-

;k loZ ?kVukapk d`’khthoukoj nqjxkeh ifj.kke gksrks- vkrk “ksrh okpfo.;klkBh osxosxGs

ra=Kku] Qokjs] vkS’k/ks “kks/kwu dk<yh tkrkr- ek= R;kpk izR;{k&vizR;{k ifj.kke ekuoh

“kjhjkojp uOgs rj ekuoh eukoj gh gksr vkgs- cnyrs jktdkj.k] ek.klkph ok<ysyh gkojV

o`Ùkh] lkodkjh ik”k] c¡dkaps xgk.k[kkrs] cktkj isBkaps p<rs&mrjrs Hkko] fulxkZpk ygjhi.kk]

vk/kqfud ra=Kku ;k ifjfLFkrhP;k dpkVîkr lkiMysyk “ksrdjh vkRegR;k djrks vkgs vkf.k

R;kps dq.kkyk Qkjls lks;js&lqrd ukgh- ek= laosnu”khy eukpk lkfgfR;d vkiY;k

lkfgR;krwu R;kph uksan ?ksrks vkgs-

d`’kh laLdrh ;k fo’k;kP;k ekaM.khlkBh doh banzthr Hkkysjko] dof;=h dYiuk nq/kkG

vkf.k doh ,s”o;Z ikVsdj ;k rhu dohaP;k xzkeh.k dforkapk vH;kl dsyk vkgs- gs rhugh doh

vLLky xzkeh.k thou txr vkgsr- R;kaP;k tx.;kyk iwokZikj “ksrhph] xkoxkMîkph ik”oZHkweh

vkgs- vls vlwu fr?ksgh mPPkf”kf{kr vkgsr- xzkeh.k thou] “ksrh O;olk;krhy p<&mrkj] “kgjh

thou] “kgjh ek.klkph ekufldrk tkxfrdhdj.kkr ekuoh eukph laosnukaph gks.kkjh

myFkk&ikyFk gs loZ rs ckjdkbZus vH;klr vkgsr- R;krhy cnykaph uksan ?ksrkuk [kVd.kkÚ;k

xks’Vh dkO;kr ekaM.ks gh vR;ar vo?kM xks’V vkgs- rh ;k fr?kkaukgh fyy;k lk/kyh vkgs-

osxkus ?kM.kkÚ;k ekuoh ewY;kaP;k v/kksxrhpk useD;k “kCnkr os/k ?ksr R;kauh ejkBh dforsph

maph ok<foyh vkgs- R;kaP;k dforkauk iwoZlwjhaP;k dkO;ijaijspk okjlk vkgs] larijaijspk olk

vkgs] yksdlkfgR;kpk d.kk vkgs-

doh banzftr Hkkysjko ;kaP;k dforsps “ksrh “ksrdjh] xzkeh.k ifjlj R;k vuq’kaxkus ;s.kkjk

fulxZ ;kaP;k”kh ?kê ukrs vkgs- “ksrdÚ;kP;k O;Fkk] osnuscjkscjp R;kaps xq.knks’k] R;kaP;k /kkj.kk]

R;kaP;k :<h&ijaijk] let&vilet] yksdladsr] i”kqi{kh] >kMs&>qMis] xor] fids] fidkaps

ok.k] R;kapk bfrgkl] fofo/k gaxke] ikÅl] “ksrhph votkjs] lektO;oLFkk] d’khlaLdrhrhy

irh&iRuh Lusg bR;knh xks’Vhalg d`’kh laLdrhrhy lkSan;Z LFkykapkgh rs os/k ?ksrkr-

38



“ksrdÚ;kps thou vR;ar d’Ve; vlrs- mu] okjk] ikÅl] dkVs&dqVs d”kkphgh iokZ u

djrk rks jkcr jkgrks- ek= ihd cktkjkr vkys dh dks.kh nqljkp R;kpk Hkko Bjforks- gh

Hkkouk O;Dr djrkuk doh Eg.krks&

^vkeh ykoyh dqikVh dsyh vkEghp jk[k.k

cksaM cksaM ;sprkuh xsyh dacj okdwu

dqjdqVîk Vkspw Vkspw vaxkoj vkyh vko

dks.k dksBwu vkys gs vkrk Bjok;k Hkko^

dkj[kkU;krhy mRiknukpk Hkko dkj[kkunkj Bjorks- ek= “ksrekykpk Hkko nyky]

O;kikjh vkf.k ljdkj Bjors- d/kh&d/kh “ksrdÚ;kyk dsysY;k [kpkZ brdsgh mRiUUk feGr

ukgh- ,o<sp uOgs rj “ksreky cktkjkr vkyk dh R;kps Hkko dkslGrkr gs ljkZl ?kMr vlrs-

;kckcr doh Eg.krks&

^dky p<oquh Hkko dksua mrfjyk vkt

dks.k jkcra “ksrkr dks.k djr;k jkt

vkEgh isjyh ljdh vkEgh fHktyks ik.;kr

vkEgh tkstfoyh jksia t.kw gkr ikkG.;kr*

RkkUgîk ckGklkj[ks tiysys ihd ekrheksy Hkkokr nqlÚ;kP;k injkr vksr.kkjk Lor%

ek= vR;ar dBh.k ifjfLFkrhr fnol daBr uO;k mRiUUkklkBh >Vr jkgrks- v”kkosGh R;kP;k

iksjk&ckGkauk ts feGsy rs [kkÅu tho txokok ykxrks] ek= R;krgh rs vkuan ekurkr-

vkiY;k ckyi.kkrhy ;k ?kVusdMs doh fdrh lkSan;Ziw.kZ utjsus ikgrks- mnk-

^?kqxÚ;k Ogk;P;k >syiqÚ;k

dqVds Ogk;ps /kke.k dksdk

HkjMysY;k d.;k ?;k;P;k

ekf.kd lkSan;kZpk Bsdk*-

QkoY;k osGkr brj O;kolkf;dkauk thoukpk vkuan yqVrk ;srks- ek= “ksrdÚ;kyk lrr

d’Vkyk tqaiwu ?;kos ykxrs- gs Hkko O;Dr djrkuk doh fyfgrks&

^xko ?kkfyrks [ksdkVîkA cki jkcrks eqdkVîk

nkrh ?kkyh nkr[khGA ikMh vkrMîkyk ihG

jDr&f”kjk vkVysY;kA espdhr xksBysY;k

nwj clyk dkekuaA rjh /ktrks tksekuaA*

;sFks dfors/khy cki leLr d’VdÚ;k “ksrdÚ;kapk izfrfu/kh cuwu ;srks- vktP;k

ifjfLFkrhr mPPkf”kf{kr] jktdkj.kh] vFkZdkj.kh ;kiSdh dq.kkykgh “ksrdÚ;kph dnj jkfgysyh




39


ukgh- myV gs loZ feGwu “ksrdÚ;kph dksaMh djrkr- R;kps tx.ks vlgî d:u R;kyk tho

ns.;ktksxh ifjfLFkrh fuek.kZ djrkr- gs okLro lR; ekaMrkaukgh doh Eg.krks&

^vktps okeu gq”kkj vkgsr-

rw Lor%p xkMwu ?ks”khy

v”kh O;oLFkk fuekZ.k djrkr-

iqUgk mlGwu oj ;s.kkj ukgh

;kph iqjsiwj n{krk ?ksrkr-

v”kk ifjfLFkrhr “ksrdÚ;kP;k Hkkoh fi<hus Lor%r cny ?kMowu ?ksrys ikfgtsr-

lektkrhy brj yksdkapk O;ogkj vkRelkr d:u okxys ikfgts- Eg.kwu doh Eg.krks&

^dq.kC;kP;k iksjk vkrk y<k;yk “khd

?ksrysyh dtZ lkjh cqMok;yk “khd

fuoMwu fnysY;kyk ikMk;yk “khd

ekxa ekxa udks iq<a ljk;yk “khd

yktjs cqtjjsi.kk cktkjkr bZd

?ksÅ udks Qk”kh ckck [kkÅ udks bZ[k

vkRegR;k udks vkrk gR;k djk;yk “khd*-

“ksrdÚ;kyk R;kph vlgî vkxfrd voLFkk lksMwu okLro vaxhdkj.;kpk lYYkk ns.kkjh

gh dfork l|fLFkrhr izfr’Bk izkIr >kysY;k furhewY;kapk vk<kok ?ksrs vkgs-

tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k vfj’Vkaph uksan ?ksrkauk doh fyfgrks&

^R;kaps ;srhy maV vkiY;kyk djrhy [kqjVa

R;kaP;k ;srhy esa<îk

vkiY;k cka/krhy isa<îk

ck;kaps ikgwu xksaMs

vkiys lqVrhy yksa<s

xkQhy jkfgyks vkiwu

rj lxGap usrhy dkiwu*-

“ksrh] ihd&ik.kh vkHkkG] osxosxGs _rw] ouLirh] fofo/k fids] vUUk/kkU;] xor]

dqVqackrhy ukrslaca/k] d’Vdjh] xkoxkMk] jhrhfjokt] :<h&ladsr] “kdqu&vi”kdqu] yksddFkk]

nardFkk yksdrRoKkukrwu] yksdlaca/k “kgk.ki.k] izknsf”kd oSf”k’Vîs] lar ijaijk /kkU;kpk

bfrgkl] L=h&thou] d’VdÚ;kaps nq%[k] fulxZ vkf.k ek.klkP;k ltukps e`nxa/k] d’VdÚ;kaph

40



mis{kk] migkl] lq[k&nq%[k] “ksrdÚ;kaps Hkwr&Hkfo’;] orZeku dkGklg R;kph tx.;kph vkl]

R;kP;k ej.kkps Qkl ;k dforkrwu vkysys vkgsr- ;k dforkae/;s xzkeh.k tx.;kps rRoKku

vkgs- yksdletwrhaps ukfoU;iw.kZ ri”khygh vkysys vkgsr- orZekukrhy okLrokps Hksnd n”kZugh

vkgs- T;krwu dohph thoukdMs ikg.;kph ,d ewY;;qDr n`’Vh gksr tkrs- ,dw.k xzkeh.k

thoukps loZp oSfo/; ;k dforke/kwu ;srs- HkkysjkokaP;k dforsr xzkeh.k lq[k&nq%[kkph osxosxGh

:is R;krhy ckjdkO;klg mRdVi.ks vkysyh vkgsr- jkaxMîk iq:’k&iz/kku laLdrhrhy fL=;kapk

dksaMekjk vkRegR;kxzLr “ksrdÚ;kP;k fo/kosps nq%[k] izse] “kaxkj] fojg] Hkkofud ?kqleV “ksrh

xqjk<ksjkoj izse dj.kkjh L=h ekrhlkBh tx.;kps laLdkj dj.kkjh vkbZ Lor%P;k lq[kkifydMs

ukrs laca/k ti.kkjh L=h HksVrs- rlsp xkoxkMîkrhy cgqla[;kadMwu vYila[;kadkoj gks.kkjk

vU;k;] tkxfrdhdj.kkrhy cnyrs ijLij laca/k] dqVqac] ukrslaca/k] HkkÅcandh] xkokrhy

jktdkj.k] xzkethoukrhy o`Ùkh&izo`Ùkh] ikÅl isjj.kh] lqxh] gaxke egRo] osxosxGh fids R;kaps

xq.k/keZ] fulxkZP;k dq”khrhy izR;sd ?kVdkaps jl] :i] xa/k] pohlg izdV gksrs vkf.k okpdkyk

izxYHk djr tkrs- MkW- n- rk- Hkkslys Eg.krkr] gh dfork yksdlkfgR;kps lRo ipowu Lor%pk

Blk fuekZ.k djrs- ekU;oj leh{kd] ys[kd doh olar vkckth Mgkds Eg.krkr] fulxZ]

i;kZoj.k] jfgokl vkf.k ek.klkaps tx.ks ;kapk fopkj djrkuk ;k dforkaph n[ky ?ks.ks

vifjgk;Z Bjsy-

doh ,s”o;Z ikVsdj ;kaP;k HkqbZ”kkL= ;k dfork laxzgkrhy dfork laiw.kZ xzkeh.k

O;oLFkspk vkys[k fprkjrs R;kpcjkscj “ksrh O;olk;kph “ksrdÚ;kP;k d’Vkph mis{kk dj.kkjh

nkafHkd O;oLFkk “ksrdÚ;kpk la?k’kZ R;kaP;k leL;k dkslG.kkjs cktkjHkko csfQdj o`ÙkhP;k

iq:’kkP;k dqVqackrhy iRuh o eqykauk lkslkok ykx.kkjk lkekftd] vkfFkZd tkp] ukrs

laca/kkrhy rk.k&r.kko ekuoh oÙkh] xkoxkMk vls lkjsp ;srs-

HkqbZ] “ksrh] ty] ekrh ;kaP;k”kh ?kV~V ukrs tksM.kkjh dfork Qsf”ka|kaP;k foospuk ekaMrs

R;kaP;k O;Fkk osnukapk vkys[k ekaMrkuk O;oLFkspkgh /kkaMksGk ?ksrs- egkjk’Vªkrhy “ksrdÚ;kaph

ia<jiwjP;k foB~Bykoj vkf.k okjdjh lar esGîkoj izpaM J/nk Bsowugh R;kaP;k xGîkpk Qkl

lqVr ukgh rsOgk lar ijaijsph vkf.k “ksrdÚ;kP;k thoukph ukG tksMr doh ,dw.kp O;oLFkspk

>kMk ?ksrks- [kkl d:u lukrU;ka”kh la?k’kZ djr oSdqaB xkB.kkÚ;k rqdkjkekyk doh tkc

fopkjrks-

^Fkkac rqdkjkek ,sd ek>s ik<s

>kyk rks osOgkj vk/kh fuiVwu

Ekxp foeku oSdaqBk”kh-*




41


bFkY;k lkekftd O;oLFksus “ksrdÚ;kyk fulRo d:u Vkdys vkgs- fi<îku fi<îk

vLekuh lqyrkuh vk?kkr lkslr “ksrdjh bri;Zar vkyk- vkrk cnyrs Ik;kZoj.k] cnyrs

jktdkj.k] HkkaMoy”kkgh /kksj.ks vkf.k LokFkhZ <ksaxh ek.kwl ;kaP;k lkiVhr lkiMysY;k

“ksrdÚ;kph O;Fkk ekaMrkuk doh fyfgrks&

^xGîk”kh nkoa vkya

gacjyks FkksMk

Vkps[kkyh ?ksr eyk

f[kadkGyk ?kksMk

“ksr ek>a eksdywu

iGkyks lqlkV

ykaMX;kauks y[kykHk

rqEgkykp “ksr

;sFks xGîkyk Qkl ykowu vkRegR;k djr tho eksdywu “ksrdjh thoukrwu mBoyk

tkrks- dtkZP;k O;ktkP;k Hkkjk[kkyh R;kpk tx.;kpk ca/k fgldkowu ?ksryk tkrks- jkst

;s.kkÚ;k uouohu jksxkaiklwu fidkpk cpko djrkuk “ksrdÚ;kph gks.kkjh rxex doh v”kk

“kCnkar O;Dr djrks- lxGîkaph dkrMh ,d= f”kowu vkMkslk /kjkok fidkyk---dh vkiY;k

Lor%yk\ ;k iz”ukr “ksrdÚ;kpk izk.k vlysY;k fidklkBh rks Lor%yk ekrhr xkMwu ?ks.;kP;k

fopkjki;Zar ;sÅu iksgksprks-

“ksrdÚ;koj dqj?kksMh d: ikg.kkÚ;k lektkrhy fofo/k ?kVdkaps Lo:i ns[k.ka ft=kc]

lalkj] osprs nkrhvksBh] milwu usys gkr ek>s- ;k dforke/;s vkysys vkgsr- êqaxGk isyrks

vodk”k* ;k dwVjpukRed dforsrwu lkjs tx cnyys] ek.kls cnyyh] R;kaph fufreÙkk

cnyyh] ek= “ksrdjh HkksGkHkkcMkp jkfgyk- ^gfjikB* ;k dforsr “kgjkps va/kkuqdj.k dj.kkÚ;k

[ksMsxkokrhy ek.klkaph ek.kqldh lair pkyyh vlwu xko nqHkaxyk vkgs- xfreku ;qxkr

xkax:u xsysyk ek.kwl O;oLFksP;k ckgsj Qsdyk xsyk vkgs- “ksrdtZ] ok<o.kkjs O;kt] lkodkj]

nykykaps rxkns] fulxkZpk ygjhi.kk “ksrhph ?kVysyh ir ;keqGs e`R;wyk toG dj.kkÚ;k

“ksrdÚ;kph esY;kuarjgh lqVdk ukgh- iapukek dj.kkjs lks;hus osxosxGîk uksanh djrkr- ewG

leL;k cktwykp jkgwu “ksrdÚ;kP;k e`R;wph ,d nardFkkp cuwu tkrs- lkfRodrk] lR;] fu’Bk]

J/nk gh ewY;s ti.kkÚ;k ek.klkaps tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k jsVîkr dk; gksrs R;kph gh dgk.kh

vkf.k fuR;kphp ckc gksÅ ikgr vkgs- ;k “kD;rsrwu ^gfjikB* vls lwpd “kh’kZd ;kstysys

fnlrs- ;k dforsrhy [ksMwrkalkBh larkaP;k ukokpk dsysyk okij gk R;k ek.klkae/khy pkaxqyi.kk

42



fun”kZd vkgs- ^xkokpk dSokjh [kknhpk rqdMk* ;k izfresrwu [kksVh lgkuqHkwrh nk[kfo.kkÚ;k

jktdkj.kho`ÙkhP;k usR;kaps okLro :i dGrs-

HkkaMoy”kkgh O;oLFksus “ksrdÚ;kps lqanj tx.ks fgjkowu ?ksrys vkf.k R;kyk dq:irk

fnyh- R;keqGs R;kP;k tx.;krhy lkSan;Z vkuan tkÅu R;ktkxh nkfjnzî] vlgk¸;rk vkyh-

loZ= yqckM.kkÚ;k [kksVîk O;oLFkspk lqGlqGkV gs lkaxrkauk doh êkrhpa ?kj eksjkps ik;* v”kh

izfrek okijrks- nj ikolkGîkr okgwu tk.kkjs ekrhps ?kj vkf.k eksjkps dq:i ik;- eksjkP;k

ik;kph ,d nardFkk vkgs- ,dnk yXukr tk.;klkBh lkGwadhus eksjkps lqanj ik; ekxwu ?ksrys-

Lor%ps dq:i ik; R;kyk fnys vkf.k uarj rs ijr dsysp ukghr- HkkaMoy”kkgh O;oLFksus

Ik;kZoj.kkpk Úgkl djr “ksrdÚ;kyk vlsp dq:I tx.ks cgky dsys vkgs- ^rq>s fpe.khps nk.ks*

;k dforsr “kklukdMwu feG.kkÚ;k enrhps Lo:i O;Dr gksrs- ^baxk*] ^nardFkk*] êqaxhP;k

ikBhoj fnol Bsowu* ;k dforkae/kwu “ksrdÚ;kP;k fofo/k leL;kauk dkj.khHkwr vlysY;k

?kVdkaph uksan ?ksrysyh vkgs-

gqnqZdVhik Eg.kts dkGtkrY;k xks’Vh ;k foHkkarhy dforke/;s vkbZ&ofMy] cfg.kh]

vkth] pqyrs] “kkys; fe=] xko] ân;LFk l[kh ;kaP;k cíyps eukrhy Hkko vkysys vkgsr- ;k

loZp vkBo.kh Qkj”;k jE; ukghr- ;k xrLerh Eg.kts xpi.kkr Qsdwu fnysys vuqHko vkgsr-

eukyk O;fFkr dj.kkÚ;k ukR;kxksR;krhy la?k’kZ dforsrwu ekaMrkauk dohus “ksrhekrh”kh lacaf/kr

izfrekapk okij dsysyk vkgs- vkbZpk lksf”kd LoHkko] dkckM d’V] ckikP;k csrky o`ÙkheqGs

vkbZlg loZp HkkoaMkayk lkslkos ykx.kkjh lkekftd mis{kk] nkfjnzîkps pVds] HkkdjhlkBh

iRdjkoh ykx.kkh ykpkjh gs loZ lgu djrkuk vkbZph fufrus tx.;kph f”kdo.k vf”kf{kr

ifjR;Drk L=hyk “ksretqjh d:u txrkuk ts ts lkslkos ykxys R;k lokZaph uksan ;k

dforkae/kwu ;srs-

êkLrj ikVh QqVyh* ;k dforsr loZ cktwus mis{kk lkslr “kkGsr tkÅu cl.kkÚ;k

eqykyk R;kP;k thou la?k’kkZrwu ckgsj dk<.;klkBh gos rls lgdk;Z feGr ukgh- ts f”kdfoys

tkrs R;kis{kk R;kyk djkok ykx.kkjk la?k’kZ brdk Hk;kud vkgs dh] f”k{kd] f”kdfo.ks vkf.k

f”k{k.k ;kaph eukseu rqyuk djrkuk R;kyk tk.kors dh bFksgh vkiY;k vkfLrRokyk oko ukgh-

gs Hkko O;Dr djrkuk rks Eg.krks& ^^rqeP;k ;k HkwxksykP;k udk”kkoj ybZ “kks/kyk vkepk xko]

vkeph >kMa] vkeph unh] ekrqj dkghp xkoya ukgh c?kk vkt irqj** R;kpizek.ks cki f”kd

Eg.krks Eg.kwu f”kdrks- fcukcq/nhpa nIrj ikBhoj okgrks- ;k vksGhae/kwu f”k{k.kkrwu f”kdfoY;k

tk.kkÚ;k Kkukph O;ogkjkrhy fujFkZdrk Li’V gksrs- lekt] f”k{k.k] jktdkj.k] vFkZdkj.k

;kiSdh dks.kkykgh “ksrdÚ;kcíy vkiqydh okVr ukgh- gs okLro lR; ;k dforsrwu ;srs-

“ksrdÚ;kps thou lrr vk”kdrsus xzklysys vlrs- iwokZikj gs vlsp pkyr vkysys vkgs- tx




43


brds cnyys ijarq “ksrdÚ;kdMs ikg.;kph n`’Vh ek= [kkykor pkyyh vkgs- “ksrhlanHkkZr

MkWDVjsV dsysY;k ek.klkis{kk “ksrdÚ;kdMs vf/kd Kku vlrs rjh rks vMk.kh Bjrks- c¡d]

ekdsZV ;kMZ] “kkldh; dk;kZy;s bR;knh fBdk.kpk f”kikbZ inkojhy ek.kwl R;kyk nVkorks gh

Hkkouk ^nq%[k ek>a ysdqjokGa* ;k dforsrwu izdV >kyh vkgs- ;k u lai.kkÚ;k nq%[kkiklwu ukG

dkik;yk doh lkaxrks vkgs-

xHkZvksoh ;k foHkkxkrhy dforkae/;s xzkeh.k ladsrkrwu L=h&iq:’k Hkkouk O;Dr >kysY;k

vkgsr- R;kr “kaxkfjd] v/;kfRed] lkekftd ladsrkaph oy;s vkgsr- R;kr okluk ukgh rj R;k

vareZukrwu vkilwd meywu vkysY;k Hkkouk vkgsr- okÚ;kcjkscj lqxa/k tkok brdh lgtrk

R;kr vkgs- R;kyk jkukoukrY;k lgthoukph] ,d:i gksowu tx.;kph ik”oZHkweh vkgs-

dYiuk nq/kkGP;k dforkae/kwu nq’dkG] ng”krokn] dksoGîk d.klkaP;k gqMkZ ikVîkZ]

lsanzh; [krkps ifj.kke] vkbZ&ckikyk folj.kkjh eqys] tkxfrdhdj.kkus dsysys cny] lst] “ksrh]

HkkÅcandh] ijaijsyk t[kMwu jkfgY;kps ifj.kke] dfof;=hph vkRetku vfLerk] lklwjoklhuhaps

tx.ks] lektkph mis{kk vls loZp cnyR;k xzkeh.k thoukps lanHkZ vkysys vkgsr-

,[kk|kosGh ,[kk|k fidkpk Hkko o/kkjyk dh ljdkj ijns”kkrwu rks vk;kr d:u

uksdjnkj tursyk ¼ernkjkyk½ [kw”k Bso.;kpk iz;Ru djrs- ek= R;keqGs ;k “ksrhiz/kku ns”kkrhy

“ksrdjh vf/kdp ukMyk tkrks- gs nq%[k O;Dr djrkuk îsrsZ Ogk* ;k dforsr dof;=h fyfgrs]

vkiyh ekrh oka> vlY;kxr dhMda /kkU; vk;kr dsya tkra vkf.k vkeP;k d’Vkpa doMheksy

gksra] rjh MksGîkP;k [kklkMkr] dkgh mxo.;kP;k vk”ksoj txk;pa---\

ôkV.;k* ukokP;k dforsr fi<îkua fi<îkauh d’V d:u iS&iS tksMr ?ksrysY;k

tfeuho:u vkrkph fi<h HkkaMrs- tfeuh fodr HkkÅ HkkÅ oSjh gksrkr- vkbZ&ckikP;kgh okV.;k

d:u ?ksrkr- iSlk vkY;koj O;lukaP;k vkgkjh tkrkr gs lkjs nq%[k vkys vkgs- Vª WDVj

vkY;keqGs cSykaph xjt jkfgyh ukgh- ?kjP;k xkbZps [kksaM fodys] xk;haphgh xjt jkfgyh ukgh

;kph [kar ^[kksaM* ;k dforsrwu O;Dr >kyh vkgs- îksdGh* ;k dforsr isLV daVªksy djrk

djrk r:.k eqykP;k eukr ;s.kkjs fopkj vls vkgsr& ikBhoj iai ?ksÅu---dhVduk”kd

Qokjrkuk fopkj djrks iksjxk---jkst HkkaM.kkÚ;k ckikyk gs vkS’k/k pkysy\

“ksrdÚ;kP;k fi<îku&fi<îk “ksrhr jkcr vkY;k rjh R;kP;k thoukr lq/kkj.kk >kyh

ukgh- dkj.k “ksrdjh QDr jkcrks- vU;k;kfo:/n nkn ekxr ukgh- gs lkaxrkuk dof;=h Eg.krs

ijaijsP;k nkO;kyk vkEgh ,dnkgh fgldk fnyk ukgh Eg.kwu vkeP;k nkfjnzîkPkk dq.khp /kldk

?ksryk ukgh---^jktk* ;k dforsrwu dof;=h “ksrdÚ;kP;k jkc&jkc jkcwu lrr nfjnzh jkg.;kP;k

thoukpk f/kDdkj d:u ?kkekP;k Fksackyk gehHkko cka/kwu ?;k;yk lkaxrs vkgs- “ksrdÚ;kP;k

44



thokoj tx.kkÚ;k lkÚ;kaP;k o`Ùkhpk vk<kok ?ksr “ksrdÚ;kykp dkGtkoj >saMk Bksdwu

y<.;kps vkokgu djrs vkgs- gfjrØkarh vkY;kuarj xkoBh ?kjxqrh fc;k.ks ckn >kyh] iwohZps

xzgu{k=aa rkjs] i;kZoj.kkrhy ckjhd&lkjhd cnykaph uksan ?ksr dsyh tk.kkjh ihd izfØ;k u’V

gksÅu R;ktkxh vk/kqfud ra=Kku vkys] dkj[kkU;kis{kk ekrh HkjelkB mRiknu nsrs rjh

“ksrtehuh u’V dsY;k tkr vkgsr- jkst R;kaps ,u- ,- ok<rkgsr- d`’khiz/kku ns”kkpk gk myVk

O;ogkj osGhp y{;kr ?;k;yk gok] ;kps lwpu ênxa/k* ;k dforsrwu ;srs- ^;sMk cukus dk

dke* ;k dforsr mlU;k dtkZlkBh tfeuhpk lkrckjk xgk.k Bsokok ykxrks- u|k oGo.ka]

iquoZlu ;k QlO;k vk”ksoj “ksrdÚ;kP;k tfeuh rkC;kr ?ksowu R;kyk vf/kdp ukxoya tkra

R;kis{kk R;kpa iwohZpa thou vf/kd pkaxya gksra ;k dforsr iq<s EgVy;a&cksVkoj fBidk

meVsi;Zar nk[koY;k tkrkr ;kstuk] vkf.k ex cslko/k dq«;kP;k isdkVkr] dq.kh dpdu ykFk

?kkykoh] fn”kkghu gksÅu iGr lqVkoa dq=a dsdkVr] rla lqf”kf{kr csdkjkaP;k xnhZyk] oGo.kkjs

ykylh gkr] dusDVhax bafM;kph LoIua nk[korkr-

^pwy* ;k dforsrs lalkjh L=hP;k osnuk O;Dr djrkuk dof;=h Eg.krs& jk[k pqyhph

Hkjrk gkr Hkktrks xa d/kh] ewBHkj jk[k ek>h] ehp Hkjrs xa d/kh] ^cSy* ;k dforsrwu dksoGîk

eqyhaoj vR;kpkj dj.kkÚ;k ujk/kekaP;k m/nkei.kkyk vkrk ik;ca/k ?kkryk ikfgts v”kk Hkkouk

O;Dr dsY;k vkgsr- ^xk; vkf.k ck;* ;k dforsr xkbZP;k izfrdkrwu ckbZP;k o xk;hP;k

tx.;kP;k gkyvis’VkaPkk vkys[k vkysyk vkgs- xk; Eg.krs ckbZ xa rw dk; fu eh dk;] tUeHkj

nko.khyk cka/kysys] “kjhjkrwu “kjhj ckgsj iMya] vkf.k :t.;kph ekrh ukihd >kyh dh]

ifMdkr dq.kh fQjdr ukgh- p<.khph vkMokV mjdrk mjdr ukgh] rsgrhl dksVh nso

ek÷;kr] rjh vks<wu Vkdya tkra] dkoGîk&dq«;kP;k gokyh d:u] rw rj csokj”kh] vlsp

^xksan.k*] êk;*] ikÅy[kq.kk*] ^vkbZP;k injk[kkywu*] myVa dkGht* b- dforkae/kwu L=h nq%[kkph

osnuk meVyh vkgs-

^LØhu lsOgj*] ^>yd fn[kyk tk* ;k dforke/kwu jkuk”kh lacaf/kr eukrys vuqHko vkf.k

vk/kqfud izlkjek/;ekeqGs xzkeh.k ek.klkP;k cnyr pkyysY;k o`Ùkhph >yd vkysyh vkgs- rj

xko ;k dforsr tkxfrdhdj.kkus xkokrhy laLd`rhr >kysY;k cnykph uksan ?ksryh vkgs- mnk-

^vkY;k xsY;kyk lkekowu ?ksr

Xkokua ;w- ih- fcgkjhauk felGwu ?ksrya

vkf.k tMkoysY;k vaxkyk

ckaxks---ckaxks---ckaxksP;k rkykoj lSy lksMya---*

ekusoj cSykpa ^tw* Bsowu jkcr eqykyk lk;sc cuo.kkÚ;k vkbZckikph eqykyk uarj ykt

okVk;yk ykxrs- rks R;kauk HksV.kpa ukdkjrks- eqykus ejrkuk rksaMkr ik.kh Vkdk;yk rjh ;kos




45


r”kh vk”kk O;Dr dj.kkjh dfork vktps tGTkGhr okLro vkgs- rj “ksrhdke djrk djrk

f”kd.kkÚ;k “ksrdÚ;kP;k eqykauk dkekP;k jxkMîkr “kkGk cqMokoh ykxrs- vH;kl viw.kZ jkgrks-

gk Lor%pk vuqHko O;Dr djrkuk dof;=h fyfgrs&ifjfLFkrh] f”k{k.k vkf.k tx.ka ,dkp

tqMhr cka/krk ;sbZy\ vk/kqfud ra=Kkukus tx Xykscy >kya- ijarq “ksrdÚ;kP;k thoukr dkghp

cny >kyk ukgh- R;kP;k iz”ukapk xqrk lqVykp ukgh] R;kP;k drZRokph dqBsp uksan gksr ukgh-

gh [kar O;Dr djrkuk îksf”kank* ;k dforsr dof;=h Eg.kts&

rhp ekrh---fryk dqBa var vkgs\

rksp okjk---R;kyk dqBa fHkar vkgs\

r”khp >kMa---ikua---Qqya---eqGîk&foGîk vl.kkjh

r”khp ek.kla---gkr---ik;] Mksda&fcda vl.kkjh

rlkp ikÅl---Fksac---Fksac iM.kkjk

is”khe/kY;k is”khrwu---uok tho ?kMo.kkjk---

“ksrdjhlq/nk rlkp

eh fu?kkys; vkrk---l`tukph vksatG ;k fo”okP;k dkukdksiÚ;kr isjk;yk- iksf”ka|kpa BGd uko

Xkscyk;>s”ku oj dksjk;yk-

dYiuk nq/kkG] banzftr Hkkysjko] ,s”o;Z ikVsdj ;k rhugh dohaP;k dfork vktP;k

xzkeh.k thoukrhy okLrokps fp=.k dj.kkÚ;k vkgsr- fr?kkaP;kgh dforkae/kwu “ksrdjh o “ksrh

O;olk;kP;k varfjd osnuk O;Dr >kysY;k vkgsr- jkst ekrhr jkc.kkÚ;k “ksrdÚ;kyk vkrk

xGîkr Qkl dk ?kkywu ?;kok ykxr vkgs- ;kps Li’V fp=.k ;k dforke/kwu vkysys vkgs- ;k

dohaph xzkeh.k thoukph okjdjh iaFkkph Lotk.k osxGh maph xkB.kkjh vkgs- cksyh Hkk’ksrwu

fofo/k Hkko usedsi.kkus O;Dr djrkuk rs vfr”k; deh “kCnkapk okij djrkr- ,[kk|k dlch

fp=dkjkus cz”kP;k nksupkj QVdkÚ;kr HkO; vkdrh lkdkj djkoh rls gs doh pkj nksu

“kCnkar laiw.kZ Hkkofo”o MksGîkleksj mHks djrkr R;klkBh rs vkikiY;k Hkkxkrhy cksyhHkk’kspk

okij djrkr- ;k fr?kkaps fo”ks’k gs dh R;kauh “ksrdÚ;kcjkscj xzkeh.k L=hP;k] “ksrh”kh laacf/kr

xqjkaP;k osnukapk rGBko ?ks.;kpk ;”kLoh iz;Ru dsyk vkgs- “ksrdÚ;kyk R;kP;krhy m.khok

nk[kor R;kyk Lor%r ifjorZu ?kMowu vk.kk;yk lwpor vkgsr- R;klkBh izlaxh fonzksg

djk;yk lwpfor vkgsr- ;k dohauh okijysY;k izfrek] izfrda iw.kZr;k xzkeh.k vkgsr- Xykscy

oYMZyk Hkkdjh iqjo.kkjk “ksrdjh okpoyk ukgh rj Hkfo’; /kksD;kr vkgs gs lkaxk;ykgh rs

foljys ukghr- Hkkysjko Eg.krkr] ek÷;k ckikua ukgh dsyk isjk rj dk; [kky /krqjk\

46



Ý¡dfyu gk fopkjoar Eg.krks] ewrhZleksj xqM?ks VsdysY;k lH; xgLFkkis{kk ukaxjk”kstkjh

mHkk vlysyk “ksrdjh Js’B vkgs- Lora= Hkkjrkps ifgys iariz/kku iafMr usg: ;kauhgh e`R;quarj

vkiyh j{kk tsFks “ksrdjh “ksr ukaxjr vlsy rsFks Vkdkoh vls lkaxwu Bsoys gksrs- “ksrdÚ;kps

lRo tk.kwu R;kizek.ks R;kyk ekulUekus txw ns.kkjs ljdkj ;k ns”kkr d/kh ;sbZy gk ;k

dohaiq<pk eksBk iz”u vkgs-

lanHkZ lwph %&lanHkZ lwph %&lanHkZ lwph %&lanHkZ lwph %&

1- nq/kkG dYiuk] ^fl>j dj Eg.krs; ekrh*] uofl/nkar izdk”ku] fMlsacj 2010-

2- iksVdj ,s”o;Z] HkqbZ”kkL=] “kCnky; izdk”ku] tkusokjh 2011

3- laiknd dkGs] Hkxoku banzftr Hkkysjko ;kaph dfork] lk{kkr izdk”ku] vkWxLV 2013-

4- laiknd ikVhy jkgqy] ^HkqbZ”kkL=kps “kkL=*] Lusgo/kZu izdk”ku tkusokjh 2015-

5- laiknd uyxs panzdqekj vkf.k ok³~e;kpk bfrgkl] lqjs”k ,tUlh] lIVsacj 1996

6- laiknd&dlcs fefyan&mÙke dkacGs ;kaP;k izLrkouk] lqxkok izdk”ku iq.ks vkWDVkscj 2015

7- MkW- dksÙkkiYYks ukxukFk] xzkeh.k lkfgR; % Lo:i vkf.k “kks/k] esgrk ifCyf”kax] f}rh;

vko`Ùkh 1993

8- tk/ko jk- x-] lkfgR; o lkekftd lanHkZ] dkWfUVusUVy izdk”ku] f}rh; vko`Ùkh 1996




47


1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork % ,d Nsn1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork % ,d Nsn1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork % ,d Nsn1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork % ,d Nsn

i`Fohjkt FkkSji`Fohjkt FkkSji`Fohjkt FkkSji`Fohjkt FkkSj

Lok- jk- e- rh- ejkBokMk fo|kihB] UkkansM

1980 uarjP;k ejkBh dforsyk vkMok vkf.k mHkk Nsn fnyk rj [kkyhy ckch izkeq[;kus

y{kkr ;srkr-

1- ,sa”kh uarjph dfork gh lkBksRrjh dky[kaMkrhy dkO;tk.khokapkp fodkl o foLrkj

djrs- dkO; izo`Rrh o dkO;izokgkaP;k ikrGhojrh vkewykxz Lo#ikps cny dq.;k ,dk dfous

dsys vkgsr] vls fp= fnlr ukgh-

2- nfyr dkO; izokgkph frljh fi<h ;k dky[kaMkP;k izkjaHkh mn;kl vkyh- rj mYysf[kr

dky[kaMkP;k v[ksjP;k ngk&ckjk o’kkZe/;s pkSFkh fi<h Ikq<s vkyh-

ikfgY;k nksu fi<hae/kyh caM] fonzksg] rhoz Lo#ikpk udkj ;k lanHkkZrhy Hkkouk

frl&;k fi<he/;s deh >kyh-

pkSFkh fi<h vkReifj{k.kkyk eksB;k izek.kkr lkeksjh tkrkuk fnlr vkgs- nfyr pGoG]

nfyr lekt] nfyr us=qRo o iwoZdkyhu nfyr lkfgR; ;kaph ehekalk gh dfork djr vkgs-

;k dky[kaMkrhy nfyr dforspk izokl ^nfyr* dforsdMwu vkacsMdjoknh dforsdMs

>kyk vkgs-

3- izkjaHkh nfyr dforsP;k izokgke/;s lekfo’V vlysys doh uarj brj izokgke/;s egRokpa

Bjys-

mnk- Hkqtax esJke o okg# lksuo.ks ;kaP;k dforsus iq<s vkfnoklh lkfgR; izokgkyk

psgjk ns.;kl enr dsyh-

ek= Hkqtax esJke o okg# lksuo.ks ;kaP;kn iq<s tkbZy v”kh dfork vkfnoklh

dforse/;s ukgh- cgwrsd vkfnoklh dohaph gh o.kZukRed ikrGhojrhp vMdwu jkfgysyh

fnlrs-

4- eqLyhe ejkBh lkfgR;kpk izokg ;k dky[kaMkP;k ek/;ke/;s lq# >kysyk fnlrks- vFkkZr

;k lanHkkZr îzokg* gk “kCniz;ksx dj.ks Qkjls la;qfDrd ukgh- rFkkfi eqfLye ejkBh lkfgR;

laesyukus eqLyhe dohauk ,dk O;klihBkoj vk.kyss R;keqGs îzokg* pk vH;kl r;kj gksrks-

izpfyr lkekftd dforsis{kk gh dfork Qkj”kh fujkGh ukgh- fof”k’V] /kEkkZps nk[kys

dsoG e/;s e/;s ;sr jkgrkr-

48



jpukca/kkP;k n`’Vhus dkgh iz;ksx ;k dohauk djrk vkys vlrs- ek= rls >kY;kps fnlr

ukgh- egRokP;k eqfLye/kehZ; ejkBh dohaph dfork brj ejkBh dforsis{kk fujkGh ukgh- mnk-

Q-e-“kgkftans] [kyhy eksehu] vthe uokt jkgh b- ;k dohaps eksBsi.k R;kauk eqfLye

vlY;keqGs feGkys ukgh-

fujfujkG;k Tkkrh&/kEkkZaph lkfgR; laesyus ;k dkGkr lq# >kysyh fnlrkr- mnk-

ejkBk lkfgR; laesyu ] vks-ch-lh- lkfgR; laesyu b- vkf.k R;keqGs gk ejkBh lkfgR;krhy

,d fujkGk izokgp vkgs- vlk vkHkkl fuekZ.k gksm “kdrks- Lor%ps egRo fuekZ.k dj.;klkBh

v”kk DyZIR;k lkfgfR;dgh okijrkauk fnlrkr- ;k vfu’V izFksph lq#okr ;k dkGkr >kysyh

fnlrs-

5- nfyr dforsuarj egRokpk Eg.krk ;sbZy rks ^xzkeh.k lkfgR; izokg* ;k dkGkr eksB;k

izek.kkoj fnlrks- foiqy izek.kkr xzkethou] d’kh thou fp=hr dj.kkjh dfork fyfgyh xsyh-

xzkeh.k lkfgR; ifj’kn LFkkiu d#u xzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoGhyk cG ns.;kpk iz;Ru >kyk-

ek= uk-/kks-egkuksj vkf.k foB~By ok?k gs doh ;k pGoGhiklwu nwjp jkfgys- vkuan

;kno ;kaph dkO; ijaijk Ikq<s fujarj lq# jkgw “kdyh ukgh- izkjaHkh tksjdli.ks iq<s vkysys o

uarj Lor%ykp fxjor jkgwu lair pkyysys doh banzftr Hkkysjko gs xzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoGhps

,deso mYys[kuh; viR; gks;-

cgqrsd xzkeh.k dfork gh vk’Vk{kjhe/;s vMdwu R;kp R;kp Lokra«; iqoZdkyhu tk.khok

o.kZukRed ikrGhoj joaFk djrkuk fnlrs-

yksdy;h] foLe`frr tk.kkjs jpukca/k] cksyhps lkS’Vo ;k ckchapk okij d#u pkaxyh

xzkeh.k dfork fuekZ.k gksm “kdyh vlrh- nqnsZokus y;hph tk.k vl.kkjs xzkeh.k doh eaph;

>kys vkf.k VkG;kaP;k vkoktkr Lor%yk gjor xsys-

larks’k in~ekdj iokj ¼Hkze’Vhpk tkfgjukek½] izoh.k ckansdj ¼;s# Eg.ks½] vfouk”k

lkGkiqjhdj ¼^dqBY;kgh fojkefPkUgkf”kok;* e/khy dkgh dfork½ izpfyr n`f’Vdksukis{kk fujkG;k

i/n~rhus “ksrh] xko vkf.k ,dw.k laLd`rh letwu ?ksrkuk fnlrkr- ek= #< xzkeh.k dkO;

izokgke/;s ;kaps mYys[k gksrkauk vk<Gr ukghr-

6- ^L=hoknh lkfgR; izokg* gkgh ;k dkGkrhy egRokpk lkfgR; izokg- vfÜouh /kksaMxs]

fujtk] izKk n;k iokj] vatyh dqyd.khZ] dfork egktu b- ;k izokgkrhy mYys[kuh;

dof;=h-

ek= L=hoknh dfork gh uxjkae/;sp vMdysyh jkfgyh- vukxjh Ik;kZoj.kki;Zar ejkBh

L=hoknkph ewGs iksgpw “kdyh ukgh- vukxjh HkkSxksfyd {ks=krhy dof;=h vtwugh TkqU;k

ikjaikfjd /krhZph dfork fyfgrkauk fnlrkr R;kr uosi.k o osxGsi.k ukgh-




49


vuqjk/kk ikVhy ;k dkGkrhy egRokP;k dokf;=h- R;k #< vFkkZua xzkeh.k vkf.k

L=hoknh ukghr- Hkk’kspk viwoZ okij] vuqHkokph oSf”k’V;iw.kZ ekaM.kh] izfrekaps izokghi.k]

vk”k;kps laFk vkf.k larr/kkj #Tk.ks] vuqHkwrhps [kksyoj >hji.ks ;krwu gh dfork lkdkjrs

vkf.k >ikVwu Vkdrs-

7- egkuxjh dfork ;k dky[kaMkr eksB;k izek.kkr fyfgyh xsyh- ek.klkph varxZr iM>M]

oSQY;] ok<rh vlqjf{krrk] eqY; foghurk ;k ckch egkuxjh dforsus izkeq[;kus “kCnCk/n~ dsY;k-

vfHk/kk] vfHk/kkuarj] [ksG] ,oth “kCnos/k ;k vfu;rdkfydkauh egkuxjh tk.khok O;Dr

dj.kkjh dfork izdk”khr dsyh-

ûonksRrjh* gk “kCniz;ksx ;k uO;k vfu;rdkfydkauh #< dsyk- rFkkfi ;k dkGkrhy

dforsyk gh fu;rdkfyds o R;krhy doh fujkGs ifjek.k nsm “kdys ukghr-

8- 1980 rs 2005 ;k dky[kaMkrpk eq[;r% nksu Hkkxkae/;s fopkj djkok ykxsy- 1990 iwohZph

dfork o 2000 uarjph dfork- izkjaHkhP;k n”kdkrY;k dfork o uarjP;k nhM n”kdkrhy

dfork ;ke/;s varj ;sr tk.;kph dkj.ks cgqrsd vokM-e;hu vkgsr-

T;kPkk vki.k izkeq[;kus okM-e;hu pGoGh Eg.kqu mYys[k djrks- R;k lxG;k pGoGh

1990 P;k ekxsiq<s laiY;k R;keqGs pGoGhrwu fuekZ.k >kysys doh vls fc#n uOoksnRrjh

dohsauk ykork ;sr ukgh-

pWuYlph ¼okfgU;kaph½ la[;k HkjelkB ok<Y;keqGs vo?ks tx nwjfp=ok.khP;k ek/;ekrwu

a?kjk&?kjkr iksgkspys- vxksnjps dkGs ika<js tx jaxhr >kys- nwj/ouh&istj&eksckbZy&baVjusV

;k ckch nSuafnu thoukpk Hkkx >kY;k- ek.kwl nwj HkkSxksfyd varjkoj vl.kk&;k ek.klkyk

tkLr lgtrsus tksMyk xsyk- nsok.k&?ksok.k ok<yh-

Hkkjr ns”k ewyrRooknh “kDrhauh iks[kjk;yk lq#okr dsyh- naxyh] vkradokn] cykRdkj]

fgalk] dzkS;Z] gs “kCn R;kaP;k vFkkZus Hk;kogi.k gjowu clys o xqGxqGhr ikapV >kys- ek.kwl

tkrh&/keZ&oxZ ;k eksB;k izek.kkr foHkkxyk xsyk-

tkxfrdhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k] cktkjhdj.k gs “kCn ;k dkGkP;k v[ksjhl tx.;kyk O;kiwu

clys- R;kaps lxGs cjs&okbZV ifj.kke bPNk vlks ok ulks Hkksx.ks vkysp-

mijksDr ckchaleosr brjgh vusd ?kVuk ?kMkeksMh ?kMY;k- R;krwu xzkeh.k&”kgjh

ek.klkrys varj deh gksm ykxys- ;k lxG;kapk ifj.kke ejkBh dforsojrh >kyk-

9- ckydforsP;k {ks=kr Qkjls foy{k.k ?kMys vls fnlr ukgh- eqykaph ekufldrk vkf.k

R;kPkk lHkksorky cnyyk rjh ckydfork ek= iwohZP;k oG.kkus tkr jkfgyh- R;keqGs

1980&2005 ;k dkGkr ,dgh ckydoh mYy[kuh; okVr ukgh- vxnh 2005 e/;s lq/n~k ;k

50



dkGkrhy dohaP;k rqyusus vxksnjps foank djanhdj] eaxs”k ikMxkodj gs eqykauk tkLr vkiys

okVrkr-

cgqrsd ckydfork gh “kkfCnd [ksG dj.kkjh fudl v”khp vkgs- dsoG ckydforsdMsp

uOgs rj ,dw.kp ckylkfgR;kdMs y{k ns.;kph osG vkyh vkgs-

10- brjgh dkgh ckch tk.korkr-

eaph; dohauh ejkBh yksdkaph vfHk#ph fc?kMoyh] vxksnj xs; dfork] uarj dsoG

vkokt] gyD;k QqyD;k dfork] rkRdkfyd jktdh; foMacus] dksV;k] fdLls] “ksjsckth ;ke/;s

pkaxyh dfork gjor xsyh-

1980 uarjP;k dky[kaMkojgh vxksnjP;k dkGkrhy dohauh eDrsnkjh xktoyh ¼fo-nk-

djanhdj] dqlqekxzt] ukjk;.k lqosZ] eaxs”k ikMxkodj] olar ckiV] bafnjk lar] “kkark “ksGds]

ukenso <lkG] fn-iq-fp=s] uk-/kks-egkuksj b- ½ ;k dohae/khy dkghauh ;k dkGkr uos iz;ksx dsys-

¼mnk- foihdk] cksyxk.kh b-½

^dfork n”kdkph* gs laiknu ;k dky[kaMkP;k izkjaHkhp izdkf”kr >kys- ;k laxzgkrhy

dohadMwu eksB;k vis{kk gksR;k- R;k iw.kZ >kY;k ukghr-

,dw.kp ;k dkGkrhy dforsP;k o R;krwu O;Dr gks.kk&;k tk.khokaP;k lanHkkZr Qkjls

pkaxys fp= ulys rjh vxnhp fujk”kk vkgs vlsgh ukgh- njo’khZ iksrsP;k iksrs Hk#u fyfgY;k

tk.kk&;k dforse/;s ,[kknh pkaxyh dfork lkiMrsp – gh dforkp vkiY;kyk Hkfo’;dkyhu

oVo{kkps vkÜoklu nsr vlrs-




51


ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork % Lo#i vkf.k e;kZnk ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork % Lo#i vkf.k e;kZnk ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork % Lo#i vkf.k e;kZnk ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork % Lo#i vkf.k e;kZnk

çkçkçkçk---- dSykl lykns]dSykl lykns]dSykl lykns]dSykl lykns]

lgk;d çk/;kid] dyk] okf.kT; vkf.k foKku egkfo|ky;] vks>j fex] rk- fuQkM] ft-ukfld

vf/kd 1960 uarj xzkeh.k lkfgR;kpk tk.kfo.;kbrir BGd lkfgR; çokg fuekZ.k

>kyk- xzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoGhus ;k çogkyk fudksi vkf.k çokfgr dj.;kps egRokps dk;Z

dsys- ;k xzkeh.k lkfgR; çokgkpk fdaok çdkjkpk çkjaHk gk dforsus >kysyk vkgs- ejkBh xzkeh.k

dfork gk xzkeh.k lkfgR; çokgkryk l'kä vkf.k HkkjnLr ?kVd vkgs-ejkBh xzkeh.k dforspk

çkjaHkfcanw fufgri.ks lkaxrk ;s.ks tls 'kD; ukgh]rls ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsps dq.kh ,d tud

vlY;kps Bkei.ks lkaxrk ;s.ks 'kD; ukgh- ^xzkeh.k dforsph lqjokr veD;k ,dk dohiklwu

fdaok dforsiklwu >kyh vls fufgri.ks Bjfork ;sr ukgh- vxnh ejkBh dkO;kP;k lqjokrh

iklwup xzkeh.k dforsP;k [kw.kk ejkBh dforse/;s deh vf/kd i/nrhus fnlwu ;srkr- vkkZr

;kdforkaps Lo#i fu[kG xzkeh.k Eg.krk ;sr ulys rjh xzkeh.k thoufp=.k dj.;kph çsj.kk

ds'kolqrkaP;k dkGkiklwu vusd dohP;ak eukr deh vfgd çek.kkr fuekZ.k >kysyh fnlwu ;srs-1 ejkBh xzkeh.kdforsP;k iwoZ[kq.kk lar lkfgR;] iar lkfgR; o ukxjh letY;k tk.kk&;k

'kkfgjh dforsrgh Li"V vLi"V Lo#ikr lkiMrkr- ek= R;kauk xzkeh.k dfork gs ukefo/kku

ykork ;sÅ 'kdr ukgh- okjdjh laçnk;krhy Kkus'oj]ukenso]tukckbZ],dukG] rqdkjke gs

lardoh xzkeh.k lekt O;oLGsrp ok<Y;kus o xzkeh.k thoukuqHko ?ksrY;kus R;kaP;k jpukae/;s

xzkeh.k vk'k;fo'o] xzkeh.k ijaijk] 'kCn] çfrek&çrhds vkysys fnlrkr- ek= lar] iar o rar

dohaP;k dkO;kpk xzkeh.k laosnuk fVi.ks gk gsrw uOgrkp- ek= vks?kkus vkysY;k xzkeh.k

lanHkkZuwlkj xzkeh.k dforsP;k iqoZ[kq.kk 'kks/krk ;srhy- xzkeh.k dforspk çkjaHk 'kks/kk;pk >kyk

rj rks yksdokM~e;kr & R;kr yksdxhrkr “kks/k.ks egRokps Bjsy- ek= çkjaHkhP;k xzkeh.k dohuah

yksdokM~e;kP;k le/n okj'kkdMs nwyZ{k dsY;kus xzkeh.k dforsps ukrs yksdokM~e;k'kh

tksMrk;sr ukgh- çkjaHkhP;k dohuah yksdxhrk'kh vkiys ukrs u tksMY;kus ejkBh dforsps Qkj

eksBs uqdlku >kys vkgs-

tkuintkuintkuintkuin dfork&dfork&dfork&dfork&

^lqxh* gk tkuin xhrkapk ifgyk çkfrfuf/kd dkO;laxzg 1933 e/;s x-y-BksdG ;kauh

laikfnr d:u çfl) dsyk- ;kr fxjh'k] paæ'ks[kj] ek/kokuqt] e- Jh- iafMr] x- g- ikVhy]

dkO;fogkjh] o- xks- ek;nso ;k lkj[;k vusd dohP;ak dfork lekfo"V vkgs- ;k laxzgkiwohZ

52



ds'kolqrkaP;k ^,d [ksMs*¼1887½ iklwu xzkeh.k dfork fyfgyh tkr gksrh- pan~'ksZ[kjkaps ^dk; gks

peRdkj* ¼1991½s gs [kaMdkO; xzkeh.ktkuinh; vk'k;fo'o ekaM.kkjsp gksrs- *lqxh* uarj ika- Jk-

xksjs] ch- j?kqukG] x- g- ikVhy] x- y- BksdG ;k lkj[;k dohpak dky[kaM gk tkuinh;

dforspk dkG Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkrks-;k dky[kaMkrhy ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork ,[kkn;k 'kgjh

ikgq.;kus 'ksrkP;k cka/kkoj mHks jkgwu 'ksrkrhy fgjosxkj fidkps rksMaHk:u dkSrqd djkos ;k

Lo:ikps gksrs- jfofdj.k eaMGkrhy cjsp lnL; tkuinh; dfork fyfgr vlY;kus R;kr

xk;u'khyrk o mi&;k ç;ksx'khyrsps ç;ksx dsys xsys- mi&;k laosnu'khyrsus] dYiukjE;]

lkSan;koknh tkf.kosus mHks dsysys tkuinh; dfork#ih xzkeh.k fo'o uarj gkL;kLin >kys

vkf.k tkuin dforsyk vkgksVh ykxyh-tkuin dforsus xzkeh.k tx.;krhy dks.kR;kgh

fo"k;koj vks<wu rk.kwu dfork fyfg.;kpk vêgkl dsyk-ek= ;k dforsr çkekf.kd vuqHkwrhpk

vHkkop gksrk- fo- l- [kkaMsdj ;kauh EgVY;k çek.ks êksys ?kkrys jMk;yk v'kkGkVkph dfork

[ksMoG thoukoj fyfg.;kpk eksg gksrd: dohuak* vkojrk vkyk ukgh- R;keqGs dk<yh

ys[k.kh dh >kyh dfork vls ^factory Lo:i* ;k dforsyk vkys-;kps egRokps dkj.k

[kkaMsdjkuhpa Li"V dsys vkgs -rs fyfgrkr dh] ^ftoar Hkkouk ¼Emotion½ o frph Nk;k

(Sentimentalism½ ;kaP;krhy varj u dFY;keqGs vk/kqfud ejkBh dkO;kpk cjkplk Hkkx fujkl

o —f=e >kyk vkgs- R;kr [ksMh u ikgrk] R;krY;k vk;q";k'kh lejl ugksrk] L=h nkf{k.;k

çek.ks nhu nkf{k.; nk[kfo.;kP;k gsrwus ejkBh lkfgR;kr vlY;k dforkaph Hkjp iMr xsyh*2

tkuinh; dforkapk lqo.kZdkG laiY;kuarjgh tkuin LVkbZyph xzkeh.k dfork fuekZ.kgksr

jkfgyhp- brdk tkuin dforspk çHkko R;k dkGkrhy dohaoj iMysyk fnlrks- tkuin

dforsus xzkeh.k thou “kgjh okpdkaiq<s ekaMys- R;keqGs “kgjh oxkZyk [ksMs dGkys] [ksMîkdMs

R;kaps y{k oFys o vkiY;k lkfgR;kr [ksMîkaph o.kZus gVdwu ?kkyk;yk çkjaHk >kyk- tkuin

dohauah “kgjh yksdkauk [ksMîkrhy osnuk dGkO;k]R;kaP;k ç'ukauk lksMokos Eg.kwu tkuin dfork

fyfgY;k vls vftckr Eg.kor ukgh- ”kgjh okpdkaP;k vfHk#phr cny ?kMo.ks vkf.k egkRek

xka/khaP;k ^[ksMîkdMs pyk* ;k ?kks"k.ksyk çfrlkn ns.;kP;k Hkkousrwugh dforkfyfgyh xsyh -;k

dforsus [ksMîkpk çGen'kZuh vkuannk;h]ç.k;fç/kku]LoIujatukRed Hkkxp nk[kfoyk-ek=

[ksMîkrhy nq%[k]osnuk]ç'u ]dkGtkps vkf.k O;oLGsps rMs ;k dforsyk ekaMrk vkys ukgh gh

;k tkuin dforsph e;kZnk gksrh-

1960 uarjph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork1960 uarjph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork1960 uarjph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork1960 uarjph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork

1925 P;k njE;ku lq# >kysyk tkuin dforspk çokg1945 P;k njE;ku vksgVh

ykxyk-;k dforsus 1945 uarj ek= xzkeh.k dfork osxG;k okVk 'kks/k.;kpk ç;Ru d:

ykxyh- ^1945 uarj ejkBh lkfgR;kcjkscj xzkeh.k lkfgR;krgh cny gksÅ ykxys- okLrokpk




53


os/k] euksfo'ys"k.k] vk'k;kfHkähph ,dkRerk] ok³~e; cká ç;kstkukiklwu nwj jkg.ks bR;knh

vusd fofo/k ckchaph tk.kho ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR;kyk >kyh vkgs- R;keqGs [k&;kvFkkZus ;sFkwup

xzkeh.k lkfgR;kyk fn'kk feGkyh- 1945 iwohZps lkfgR; Eg.kts xzkeh.k ifjos'kkrhy ukxj

tkf.kokaps çdVup gks;-*3 1945 uarj xzkeh.k lkfgR; vkf.k dforkcnyw ykxyh vlyh rjh

1960 uarjp xzkeh.k dforsr tk.ko.;k brir BGd osxGsi.kk vkyk- 1960 e/;s egkjk’V~z

jkT;kph LFkkiuk >kyh- f'k{k.k O;oLFkkaps tkGs xzkeh.k Hkkxkae/;s il: ykxys- xzkeh.k Hkkxkr

egkfo|ky;s lq# >kyh-R;keqGs fyfg.kk&;kaP;k la[;sr ok< >kyh- rGkxkGkrhy 'ksrdjh]

'ksretwj] ckjkcyqrsnkj f'k{k.k ?ksÅ ykxY;kus R;kauk iqoZlqjhaP;ak lkfgR; tk.khoka cíy [kVdw

ykxys- R;kauh fuekZ.k dsysys fo'o vkf.k vki.k txr vlysys tx ;kr Qkj eksBs varj vkgs

;kph tk.kho ;k uof'kf{kr oxkZyk gksÅ ykxyh- vkiys xko] [ksMs] [ksMîkrhy ek.kls] ijaijk]

ewY;s] laL—rh ;kiwohZP;k dohuah fdrh foæwi i)rhaus lkfgR;kr ekaMyhs gsc?kwu ;k fi<hyk [kar

okVw ykxyh- vki.k txys Hkksxys fo'o dforsr vkys ikfgts ;k vkReHkkukrwu vkaun

;knoklkj[ks doh fyfgrs >kys-vkuan ;knokaiwohZ cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh ;kaph yksdlkghR;k'kh ukrs

lkax.kkjh dfork egRokph vkgs-R;kaph dfork 1952 yk çfl/n~>kyh vlyh rjh frpk ys[ku

dkG tkuin dforkaP;k ledkyhu vkgs- ek= rh dfork mf'kjkus çfl/n~ >kY;kus ejkBh

xzkeh.k dforsyk tkuin dfors'kh ukrs lkaxkos ykxys- cfg.kkckbZph dfork xzkeh.k dforsyk

le`) Hkfo"; vkgs vlk vk'kkokn isj.kkjh egRokph v{kj dforkvkgs- ^cfg.kkckbZaph dfork

Eg.kts ejkBh dforspk ifjiw.kZ vlk vfo"dkj vkgs-*4 ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsyk vfr'k; osxGs

oG.k yko.;kph 'kD;rk cfg.kkckbZaP;k dforsus fuekZ.k dsyh- iwokZlqjhaP;ak dforsfo"k;h] R;kaP;k

mi&;k vuqHko fo'okfo"k;h] Hkk"kkfo"k;h o xzkeh.k laosnu'khyrsfo"k;h lk'kad vl.kk&;k vkuan

;knokaph [kkl xzkeh.k vuqHko fo'o ekaM.kkjh vLly xkojku ekrhpk okl vl.kkjh ekrhph

dfork êG~;kph ekrh*P;k :ikus çfl/n >kyh o xzkeh.k dforsus tkuin dforspk/kjysyk

inj lksMwu Lor%ph uoh okV lq# dsyh- ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsyk uos oG.k ns.;kps dk;Z

dj.kkjh vkuan ;knokaph dforkgh ejkBh dforsP;k çokgkrhy ,d egRokpkp VIik ekukoh

ykxrs-;k dohus vLly xzkeh.k thoukuqHko fpf=r dsys-R;kaP;k vfHkO;ählkBh xzkeh.k cksyhpk

leFkZ okij dsyk-R;keqGs ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsps Lo:ip ;k dforsiklwu cnyrkuk fnlrs-*5

vkuan ;knokauarj uks- /kks- egkuksj ;kaph jku]eu vkf.k ç.k; fVi.kkjh dfork çfl/ngksÅ

ykxyh- R;kaph çkjaHkhph ^jkukrY;k dfork* gh jksekafVd lkSan;Z tkf.kok fVi.kkjh gksrh-

[ksM;krhy okLrork vkf.k nq%[kHkksx R;kaP;k çkjaHkhP;k dforsr u ;srk Qä nsgHkksx vkys vls

Eg.krk ;srs- egkuksjkaP;k dforsps ewY;ekiu djrkuk vkuan ;knokauh uksnoysys ,d fujh{k.k

54



egRokps vkgs- rs Eg.krkr dh] ûk- /kks- egkuksj ;kaph o`Ùkh jksekafVd vkgs- ;k o`Ùkhrwu R;kauh

jkukrY;k dfork fyfgY;k- Eg.kwup ;k laxzgkr xzkeh.k okLrokps fp= /kx/kxhr Lo#ikr

iM.;k,soth ,dk ç.k;ksRlqd eukps] 'kjhj HkksxklkBh gqGgqG.kk&;k ikSxaMkoLsZrhy iq#"k eukps

çfrfcac iMys- jkueG~;krhy ckHkG] cksjh] u|k&vks<s] Tokj&rwj] d.kls] dsGh ;klkj[;k

ojojP;k xzkeh.k okLrokpk dsoG çfrekalkBh okij d:u R;kauh vkiyh vkRefu"B jksekafVd

o`Ùkhp vkiY;k dforsrwu O;ä dsyh vkgs-*6 ek= egkuksjkaph ç.k; iz/kku dfork ôgh*] ^çkFkZuk

n;k?kuk*] îku>M* ;k laxzgke/;s okLrokP;k toG xsyh-frus [ksM;krY;k ek.klkaps nq%[k

ekaM.;kpk ç;Ru dsyk-ek= eqGkrhy lkSna;kZlä–"Vh egkuksjkauk dforsr foljrk vkyh ukgh-

xzkeh.k okLrokps vLly fp=.k dj.kkjh] xzkeh.k tkf.kok fVi.kkjh laosnu'khyrk]

yksdxhrk'kh o yksd laL—rh'kh ukrs lkax.kkjh] xzkeh.k cksyh Hkk"ksph y; lk;h lkj[kh 'kCnkauk

yxMwu ;s.kkjh foB~By ok?kkaph dforkegRokph vkgs- egkuksjkaP;k ç.k; dfork t'kk“kgjh

vuqHkwrhP;k okVrkr r'kk ok?kkaP;k dfork okVr ukgh- ;k dfork vLly xzkeh.k çseHkkouk

fVirkr- R;kaP;k ç.k; dfork ^xkFkk lIr'krh*'kh ukrs lkax.kk&;k vkgs- xzkeh.k ek.kwl] R;kaP;k

LoHkko çoR;k] yksdijaijk ladsr v'kk vusd vaxkus xzkeh.k dfork le/n dj.kkjs egRokps

doh Eg.kwu foB~By ok?kkaps uko ?ksrk ;srs- ^foB~By ok?kkaph dfork Eg.kts yksdkuqHkkokyk]

yksdHkk"kk] yksdthou] yksdlaL—rh] yksdxhr ;kaP;k vaxkus vkfo"—r dj.kkjh yksddfork

vkgs- r'kh yksdkuqHkkokpk vfo"dkj Eg.kqu ghp jpuk ;k dforspa lkeF;Z vkgs- vkRefo"dkjh

dforsps rlsp uodforsr vk<G.kkjs fofo/k ?kVd ;k dforsr ulys rjh xzkeh.k yksdthoukyk

lokZaxkus vkfo"—r dj.;kps lkeF~;Z frP;kr fuf'pr vkgs-;k lkeF;kZeqGspgh dfork yksdfç;

Bjyh vkgs-*+7 1960 iklwu 1990 i;Zaar vusd doh xzkeh.k dfork fyfgr vlys rjhgh la[;k

fuf'pr lek/kkudkjd ukghr-;krhy uko ?ks.;klkj[ks nksu&rhup ukos xzkeh.k dforsr

fnlrkr -;kfo"k;h ukxukFk dksrkiYys ;kauh [kar O;ä dsyh vkgs- ^1925 iklwu ejkBhr

tk.khoiwoZd xzkeh.k lkfgR; fuekZ.k gksr vkgs- çkjaHkh xzkeh.k tkf.kokaph vfHkO;äh dforsrwu

gksr gksrh ijarq dfork gk ok³~e; çdkj deh dykoarkauk toGpk okVysyk fnlrks- xzkeh.k

tkf.kokaph vfHkO;äh dj.kkjh fdrh dfork ejkBhr vkgs\ R;krgh [k&;k vFkkZus okLrokyk

lkeksjh tk.kkjh* dfork fdrh vkgs ;kph ekstnkn dsyh rjdk; fp= Li"V gksbZy rs

vkiY;kyk ekghrp vkgs-;k dkGkrY;k xzkeh.k dforsr goh rso<h O;kidrk vkf.k l[kksyrk

feGkyh ulY;kph [kar dksÙkkiYys O;ä djrkr-

1990 uarjph xzkeh.k ejkBh dfork1990 uarjph xzkeh.k ejkBh dfork1990 uarjph xzkeh.k ejkBh dfork1990 uarjph xzkeh.k ejkBh dfork

1990 uarj ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsP;k Lo#ikr cnygksr xsyk- 1990 iwohZph xzkeh.k

dfork laFk la;ehr lwj idM.kkjh Bjyh-[ksM;krhy okLro idMkos] [ksM;krhy nSU;]




55


[ksM;krhy ek.klkrhy çse] ftOgkGk] fulxkZfoylrs] ç.k;–'; okLrorsP;k vaxkus fViyh

xsyh- ek= 1990 uarjph dfork osxGh Bjyh-dkj.k xzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoGhP;k ç;Rukpk dkgh

,d Hkkx Eg.kwu uarjP;k fi<hyk vkReHkku vkys- vki.k“kgjh vfHk#phpk fopkj u djrkfyfgys

ikfgts gh lkfgR; fo"k;d tk.k vkf.k Hkku ;k fi<hyk vkysys fnlrs- 1990 uarj [ksMîkps]

'ksrhps] ç'u vkf.k lanHkZ cnyys- [ksMîkyk ikjaikfjd lkP;kr cka/kwu Bso.kkjh] txkiklwu

vfyIr jk[k.kkjh cyqrsnkjh i)r iw.kZrk u"V >kyh- R;keqGs Lo;aiw.kZ vl.kk&;k [ksM;kauk

'kgjkoj voyacwu jgkos ykxys- ;a=;qxkP;k vfrØe.kkeqGs —f"k laL—rhojhfyys gksÅ ykxys-

;kfy;kaeqGs xzkeh.k doh vLoLFk gksÅ ykxyk- [ksM;krhy vusd fyfg.kkjs uksdjh O;olk;kP;k

fufeÙkkus 'kgjkr vkys-i.k “kgjkP;k osxk'kh vkf.k laL—rh'kh tewu ?ks.ks ;k fi<hyk teys

ukgh-R;keqGs vkiys [ksMs fdrh lqanj vkgs gs vkBo.;kr vkf.k 'kgj vkf.k xko ;kaph

^Nostalgic* rqyuk dj.;kr gh dfork jew ykxyh- 1990 P;k tkxfrd ik'oZHkwehoj

tkxfrdhdj.kkph lqjokr gksÅ ?kkryh- ;k tkxfrdhdj.kkps ifj.kke yodjp xzkeh.k Hkkxkr

fnlwu ;sÅ ykxys- tkxfrdhdj.kkph çfØ;k vkf.k R;kps ifj.kke letwu ?ks.;kr xzkeh.k

dforsyk ngk&ckjk o"kkZpk dkyko/kh tkok ykxyk- ;k tkxfrdhdj.kkus ,d xksa/kGkph

ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k dsyh- tqus [ksMs m/oLr gksÅ ykxys] ijaijk] ewY;s] laL—rh cnyw ykxyh-

”kgjh dj.kkP;k fodkjkus [ksMîkaps lanHkZ cnyw ykxys- f'k{k.k O;oLFksus [ksM;krY;k uO;kus

f'kdw c?k.kk&;k fi<hpk Hkze fujkl gksÅ ykxyk- xzkeh.k lqf'kf{krkaps yks<as vkf.k R;kaps

xqark&xqarhps ç'u lq# >kys- fodklkP;k xksMal ukok[kkyh Hkdklhdj.kkps ç;Ru lq# >kys-

çdYi/kj.ks] mn;ksx {ks=s] e‚Yl fufeZrhlkBh [ksMs foLFkkfir gksÅ ykxys-ák foLFkfirkaps ç”u

ys[kd & dohauk vLoLFk d: ykxys- gjhrØkarhus fuekZ.k dsysyk vk'kkokn tkLr dkG

fVdykukgh- gjhrØkarheqGs fodkl >kyk vls vksjM.kk&;k iq<k&;kauk dGkysp ukgh dh]

[ksM;kaph çxrh >kyh dh eqdk ekj ykxkok r'kh lwt vkyh- gh çxrhph lwt gGwgGw vksl:

ykxyh- jktdkj.kkP;k xfyPN psg&;kus [ksMîke/;s vkdkj ?;k;yk lqjokr dsyh-ák

jktdkj.kkP;k fo—rhdj.kkeqGs [ksMîkaph ,dh Hkax ikoyh vkf.k [ksMs xko la?k"kkZP;k

ik'okHkwehoj [ksMs Bkdys- tkxfrdhdj.kke/;s O;kikjh fidkauk çk/kkU; fnys xsys] ok<R;k

dtZcktkjhi.kkeqGs 'ksrd&;kaP;k vkRegR;kaps Hk;kud l= lq# >kys-;k vkRegR;kaeqGs

fyfg.kk&;k fi<hP;k eukr phM fuekZ.k gksÅ ykxyh- O;oLFksyk ç'u fopkj.;kps /kkMl ;k

dkGkrhy dohauah vkf.k dforsus dsys-O;oLFkk myFkoqu VkdY;kf'kok; 'ksrd&;kaps ç'u

lqV.kkj ukgh ák tk.khosrwu nfyr dforsryk foæksg vkilwd Lohdkjyk-ek= nfyr lkfgR;kpk

y<k tkfrO;oLFks fo#/n~ gksrk- xzkeh.kdforsus gk fonzksg vFkZO;oLFksfo#/n iqdkj.;kpk ç;Ru

56



dsyk- nfyr dforsekxs M‚- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkaps Hkj HkDde rRoKku mHksgksrs ek= xzkeh.k

dforsps rls >kys ukgh-xzkeh.k dforsekxs fuf'pr vls rRoKku vlY;kps fnlr ukgh-nfyr

dforsrhy foækssgkps Vksdnkj Lo:i xzkeh.k dforsyk vafxdkjrk vkys ukgh-nfyr dforsus

bFkY;k laL—rh vkf.k O;oLFksyk udkj fnyk rlk udkj xzkeh.k dforsyk nsrk ;s.ks 'kD;

uOgrs-Eg.kwu xzkeh.k dforspk foæksg ljdkj] uksdj'kkgh] lkodkj'kkgh] yqVk:'kkgh ;kaP;k

fojks/kh vlY;kps fnlrs-ek= ;k foægskps Lo:i la;e'khyps gksrs-

1990 uarj xzkeh.k dfork fyfg.kk&;kaph la[;k y{k.kh; ok<yh- ákps vusd dkj.ks

vkgsr- xzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoGhus [ksM;k xkokae/;s NksVh NksVh xzkeh.k lkfgR; laesyus ?ksryh]

f'kfcjs ?ksryh- ;krwu uO;kus fyfg.kk&;kauk fn'kk feGkyh-[ksM;krhy vusd doh&ys[kd “kgjkr

LFkkf;d >kY;kus f'kjokfl;kaps jatu dj.kkjh dfork ;kgh dkGkr dkgh yqMcqMw dohdaMwu

fyfgyh xsyh-ek= uO;k nekus]rkdnhus fyfg.kkjs uO;k ç'ukauk fHkM.kkjs vusd doh ákp

dkGkr xzkeh.k dfork fygw ykxys-xzkeh.k dfork fparu'khy cuyh- ;k dkGkr baæftr

Hkkysjko ;kapk îhdik.kh*] isjk*] vkEgh dkckMkps/kuh*] ;klkj[ks laxzg çfl/n~ >kys- Hkkysjkokaph

cfg.kkckbZaP;k dfors'kh ukrs lkax.kkjh lk/kh] lksih dfork ;k dkGkr fyfgyh tkrgksrh-

cnyrs [ksMs] [ksMîkrhy ç'u] 'ksrd&;kaps nq%[k&d"V] ijkdksVhps nkjhnz;] xkoxkMîkps

cnyysys Lo#i] nykykdMwu gks.kkjh ywVekj Hkkysjko ;kaP;k dforsps fo"k; >kys vkgs-

'ksrd&;kaps nq%[k lk/;k lksI;k Hkk"ksr ekaMY;kus R;kauk dk#.;kph >kyj çkIr >kyh vkgs-

HkkysjkokaP;k dforspk uarjP;k fi<hoj tk.ko.;k brir çHkko iMysyk fnlrks Hkkysjkokauh

dforsr izFker% fonzksgkpk okij dsyk- gk foæksg uarjP;k fi<hus mpysyk fnlrks- HkkysjkokaP;k

dforsus xko] [ksMs] 'ksrh] 'ksrhr jkc.kkjk 'ksrdjh] R;kaps nkfjæ;] R;kaph gks.kkjh ywVekj]

uksdj'kghps fo—r Lo#i okLrokP;k ikrGhoj ekaMys vlys rjh dkGtkrys rhoz Lianus

Hkkysjkokauk idMrk vkys ukgh- o.kZukRed ikrGhojph okLrork fparu'khy cuyh ukgh- rjh

Hkkysjkokaph dforkegRokph vkgs- ákp dkGkr ç.k;l"Vhr gjoysyh uk- /kks- egkuksjkaph dfork

okLrokP;k fduk&;kyk ykxysyh fnlrs- ^çkFkZuk n;k?kuk* vkf.k îku>M* e/;s egkuksjkauh

'ksrd&;kaph gks.kkjh gksjiG vkf.k [ksMîkaps m)~oLr Lo#i ekaMys-;k dkGkr ;k dohsacjkscj

vk.k[kh dkgh egRokps doh dfork fyfgr gksrs- R;kr ukjk;.k lqear] ukjk;.k dqyd.kh

doBsdj] mÙke dksGxkodj] jktu xol] çdk'k gksGdj] eksgu ikVhy] lnkuan ns'keq[k]

larks’k iokj] ds'ko ns'keq[k] çfrek baxksys] Jhdkar ns'keq[k] y{e.k egkfMd] rqdkjke /kkaMs ;k

dohapk mYys[k djkok ykxsy- uO;k ç'ukauk rkdnhus ekaM.kkjh dfork ;k dohauah fyfgyh-

;krhy dkgh dohauah iqokZlqjhpas tk.ko.;k brir vuqdj.k dsY;kus R;kaP;k ltZu'khyrsyk

e;kZnk iMY;k-




57


rkdnhusrkdnhusrkdnhusrkdnhus fyfg.kkjh uoh fi<h&fyfg.kkjh uoh fi<h&fyfg.kkjh uoh fi<h&fyfg.kkjh uoh fi<h&

„ååå uarj tkxfrdhdj.kkph çØh;k vkf.k frP;k rhoz ijh.kkekph tk.kho ák

dkGkrhy doh vkf.k dforkauk >kysyh fnlrs- 'ksrd&;kaP;k gks.kk&;k vkRegR;k] csHkjo'kkph

'ksrh] ok<.kkjk dtZ cktkjhi.kk] lgdkj pGoGhps vi;'k vkf.k R;kr cksdkGysyk Hkz"Vkpkj]

f'k{k.k O;oLFksrhy viçoÙkh] jktdkj.kkph fo—Ùkh] çlkjek/;kekauh [ksMîkr vk.kwu

iksgkspoysyk mÙkj vk/kqfudrkoknh Hkksxoknh psgjk] jktdkj.;kaP;k erych O;ogkjkr daMkse

Eg.kwu okijyh xsysyh r#.k fi<h] R;k fi<hph O;lukf/kurk] [ksMîkps ok<r tk.kkjs

cdkyhdj.k] xzkeh.k eukso`Ùkhps >kysys “kgjh dj.k] fujk'kkokn] egkxkb]s csdkjh] vPNs fnukps

rdyknw LoIu c?kwu LoIuHkax >kysyh] gknjysyh] xfyrxk= >kysyh fujk'k fi<h [ksMîke/;s

ok<w ykxyh vkgs- f'k{k.kkewGs [ksMîkiklwu gjoysyh o uksdjh u feGkY;kus “kgjkr lekow u

'kd.kkjh ijkRe fi<h i;kZ;kus ^ckj laL—rh*yk toG d# ykxyh-;k fi<hleksj Qkj eksBs

fofp= isp fuekZ.k >kY;kus xksa/kGysY;k voLFksr dforsrwu dkgh ç'u ekaMw ykxyh- fc?kMysY;k

xkoxkMîkrhy vusd ç'ugh fi<h ekaMw ykxyh vkgs- „ååå uarj fyfg.kk&;k dohea/;s uO;k

ç'ukauk rkdnhus fHkM.kkjs vusd vk'kkoknh psgjs fnlrkr- Jhdkar ns'keq[k] ,s'o;k ikVsdj]

rqdkjke /kkaMs] i`Fohjkt FkkSj] ds'ko [kVhxa] ih-foB~By]dYiuk nq/kkG] fo".kw Fkksjs] Hkjr nkSMadj]

dSykl nkSMa]eksgu dqaHkkj] fot;dqekj feBs] fouk;d ;soys] dSykl lykns] fouk;d iokj]

larks"k ukjk;.kdj] v'kksd dksGh] ckykth enu baxGs] joh dksjMs] yfyr v/kkus] y{e.k

ckjgrs] Kkus'k mxys] x.ks'k ejdM] ukenso dksGh] yrk ,sokGs] fdj.k Hkkolkj] lfpu xkaxqMs]

jfoaæ dkax.ks] fuqear pkanxqMs]ver isyax]çHkkdj 'ksGds ]jkolkgsc tk/ko]jktsaæ mxys]uhys'k

'ksGds] 'kSys'k pOgk.k] jktsaæ fn?ks] v#.k iokj] jkolkgsc tk/ko] ukxs'k 'ksykj] nÙkk lksuo.ks]

fdj.k la/kku] larks"k >kseu] lkseukFk iokj] lkseukFk QqxV] joh nsojs] lkxj tk/ko] foykl

ekGh] n;kjke gxyk.kdj] dkf'kukFk osynksMs] f'kokth Hkkysjko] #ikyh [kSjukj] dksey

tx>ki gh uO;k fi<hrhy doh eaMGh egkjk"Vz~P;k dkU;kdksi&;krwu osxosxG~;k tkf.kokaps

vfo"dkj djrkuk fnlrkr- oj fnysyh dohpah ;knh vk.k[kh ok<w 'kdrs- la”kks/kukP;k dkgh

e;kZnkaeqGs dkgh egRokP;k dohpas ukeksfo/kku jkgwu tk.;kph 'kD;rkgh ukdkjrk ;sr ukgh-

;krhy dkgh dohpas ,d ok vf/kd dkO;laxzg çdkf'kr >kysys vkgs-dkgh dohapas lafxz çgl/n

>kysys ulys rjh fu;rdkfydkrwu LQwV dfork çfl/n >kY;k vkf.k gksr vkgs -R;kewGs R;kaps

ewY;ekiu d#u fu"d"kZ dk<.;kph ?kkbZ vkrkp dj.ks ;ksX; Bj.kkj ukgh-;krY;k c&;kp

dohaoj iwokZlqjhapk çHkko tk.kor vlyk rjh R;krwu R;kauk Lo%rkph okV 'kks/krk ;sbZy brdh

vk'kkoknh dfork ;krwu fuekZ.k gksrvkgs-

58



xzkeh.k dforsP;k e;kZnk&xzkeh.k dforsP;k e;kZnk&xzkeh.k dforsP;k e;kZnk&xzkeh.k dforsP;k e;kZnk&

tkuin dfork gh xzkeh.k uOgrhp- xzkeh.k tx.;kpk vuqHko ulrkuk dsoG

flgkuwHkqrhrwu xzkeh.k tx.;kpk vkfo"dkj dsyk xsyk rks vko"dkj Qlokgksrk- LoIujatu vkf.k

LokUrlq[kk;gh tkuin dforsph çsj.kkgksrh- R;keqGs xzkeh.k dfork ok<w 'kdyh ukgh- ák

tkuin dforsph e;kZnk uarj xzkeh.k Hkkxrwu vkysY;k dohuak [kVdw ykxyh-xzkeh.k dfork

Eg.kts dk; \ frP;k çsj.kk dks.kR;k \ ekghr ulrkuk dkgh dohauah fashionable dfork

çloY;k- eqGkr ^T;k dforsr xzkeh.k tuthoukps fp=.k xzkeh.k laosnu'khyrsus dsysys vlrs

fryk xzkeh.k dfork vls EgVys tkrs- ;k dforsr [ksMs] [ksMîk'kh layXu vlysys —f"kthou]

[ksMîkrhy tuthoukps nq%[k] g’kZ] nkfjnz;] #<h]ijaijk] laL—rh ;k lk&;kapk lekos'k gksrks-gs

vkdyu Ogk;ykcjkp dkyko/kh tkok ykxyk- uarj vkuan ;kno] uk- /kks- egkuksj] foB~By ok?k

;klkj[ks doh fyfgrs >kys-R;kauh xzkeh.k dforsps Lo#i cnyfo.;kl gkrHkkj ykoyk- ek=

xzkeh.k dfork vkiqydhus fyfg.kk&;kaph la[;k ;k dkGkr ux.;p gksrh-

1990 uarjxzkeh.k dfork fyfg.kk&;kaP;k la[;sr ok<>kyh-pkaxyh xzkeh.k dforkfuekZ.k gksÅ

ykxyh- vLly xzkeh.k ifjos'k /kkj.k dsysyh o ekrh'kh çkekf.kd vlysyh dfork1990 uarj

fyfgyh xsyh-ek= ;kr dkgh viokn lksMys rj Quality is{kk Quantity p çHkkfor Bjyh- ;k

dkGkr eksBîk la[;sus dforkfyfgY;k xsY;k ek= ;k dohP;ak dforsr ^xzkeh.k thoukuqHkokaps

fo”ogh Qkj eksBs ukgh] Qkj O;kid ukgh-xzkeh.k lekt gk—f’k dsaæhr vlrksgh ckc [kjhp

vkgs-ijarq xzkeh.k lektkps] laL—rhps —f"kdsaæhr vl.kss tjh lokZFkkZus ;k ys[kdkaP;k y{kkr

vkysys vkgs dk \ pkaHkkj dqaHkkjkiklwu dksyg~kVh] dSdkMîki;kar loZp ?kVd xzkelaL—rh'kh]—

f’kthouk'kh cka/kysys vlrkr] ;kph tk.kho fdrh xzkeh.k ys[kdkaukvkgs \*10 gk ukxukFk

dksÙkkiYys ;kapk ç'u xzkeh.k dforsus fopkjkr ?;k;ykgokgksrk]ek= rls >kysys fnlr ukgh-

xzkeh.k Hkkxke/;s vusd NksVh eksBh xzkeh.k lkfgR; laesyus lq# >kyh-;k laesyukauk tksMwup

dkO; laesyus gksÅ ykxyh- Lora=fjR;k dkO; laesyus] dkO; eSgQyh] dkO; xk;ukps tkghj

dk;ZØe ;kaps iso QqVys- xzkeh.k lkfgR; laesyukauh uoksfnrkauk lkfgfR;d Hkku vkf.k tk.k

|k;yk goh gksrh ek= ;kr rs deh iMys- uoksfnrkaP;k lafgrk riklwu R;kaph fpfdRlk Ogk;yk

goh] ek= rls >kys ukgh- xzkeh.k Hkkxkr dkO; laesyukP;k ukok[kkyh dkO; xk;ukps tghj

dk;kØe ?ksrys tkÅ ykxys- pkaxys Hkj?kksl eku/ku ?ksÅu ^dkO;ojkrh* fejo.kkjs lqikjh

laçnk; mn;kyk vkys- ;k laçnk;krhy dohauah O;klihBkoj VkG~;k feGo.kk&;k dforkauk

tUe fnyk-Jksrk o çs{kd 'kj.k dforkfygwu [kjh xzkeh.k dfork vlk pqdhpk vkn'kZ R;kauh

uO;k fyfgR;k gkrkleksj mHkk dsyk- R;keqGs dfork gk fparu'khy dkO;çdkj vkgs ;kps Hkku

uO;k fi<hyk ulY;kps tk.kors-xzkeh.k Hkkxkr ts dkO; laesyusgksrkr R;kr xaHkhj Lo#ikph




59


xzkeh.k dfork pkyr ukgh] rh VkG~;k ?ksr ukgh R;keqGs la;kstdkadMwu VkG~;k ?ksÅ dforkaph ekx.kh

dsyh tkrs- gh laesyus ok dkO; eSQyh ,sdk;yk ;s.kkjk JksrqoxZ nksu ?kMhph dje.kwd Eg.kwu tj ;k

dkO; laesyukdMs c?kr vlsy rj xzkeh.k dfork FkksMîk fnolkr gkL;kpk fo"k; >kY;k f'kok;

jgk.kkj ukgh- O;klihBko:u vusd dfork xk;Y;k tkrkr- eqGkr dfork xkow u;s vls eqGhp ukgh-

ek= ;k dforsps xk.ks Ogk;yk udks-vkt dkO; laesyuke/;s gydh Qqydh fouksnh <axkph dfork

lknj d:u çpaM VkG~;k vkf.k dforsyk oUleksvj feGfo.;kph dsfoyok.kh vis{kk doh djrkuk

fnlrkrgh xks"V xzkeh.k dforsyk ?kkrd vkgs-eqGkr dfork gk xaHkhj lkfgR; çdkj vkgs- ;kcíy

vkiys fujh{k.k uksnaorkuk jktu xol fyfgrkr dh] ^dforkgh ,d O;klihBh;] VkG~;k

feGfo.;klkBh fyfgyh tk.kkjh xks"V ulwu dfork gs vLly tx.;kps lkj vlrs-dfork

fyfg.;klkBh tx.ks rso<sp vLly vlkos ykxrs gs lkax.kkjh rqdkjkekaph dfork] R;kpçdkjps

vkn'kZ uO;k dfoaleksj Bsoys xsys ukghr-pkj VkG~;k feGfork vkY;k dh rks êgkdoh* >kyk v'kh

letwr d:u ns.;kpk gsrqr% ç;Ru ;k O;klfiBh; eaMGhuh dsyk- R;keqGs dohpah ,d fi<hP;k fi<h

cjckn >kyhgs lR; Lohdkjk;yk gos- ;k O;klihBkaP;k –"V pØkr lkiMysys doh VkG~;kaP;k ekxs

ykxY;k eqGs pkaxyh dfork R;kaP;k gkrkrwu lqVr xsyh-R;keqGs loZ uO;k dohapah ukos MksG~;kleksj

BsÅu ,dgh vLly doh HksVr ukgh-*11 xolkauh O;ä dsysyhgh 'kksdkafrdk fopkj djk;yk yko.kkjh

vkgs- O;klihBh; dforkauh vkf.k dohuah xzkeh.k dfork yksdfç; dsyh vlk çfrokn ;k dohadMwu

dsyk tkrks R;kr fuf'pr rF; vkgs- T;k ifjljkyk dfork dk; vlrsgs ekfgr uOgrs R;k

lkfgR;kHkkoxzLr Hkkxkr ^dforsps uos dku* r;kj dsys- i.k dfors fo"k;hps pqdhps xSjlet

iljfoY;k xsys-R;krwu uohu fyfg.kk&;k dohP;k eukr xksa/kG vkf.k U;wuxaM fuekZ.k gksr xsys-

vkiY;kyk O;klihBkoj dforsps lknjhdj.k pkaxys djrk ;sr ukgh]vkiY;k dforkauk O;klihBkoj

çfrlkn vkf.k VkG~;k feGr ukgh vkiyk vkokt dfork xk;uklkBh lqe/kqj ukgh ;klkj[;k

dkj.kkaeqGs xaHkhj çoÙkhph dfork fyfg.kkjs uoksfnr doh dfork ys[kukiklwu nwj >kysys fnlrkr-

c&;kp dohapk ifgyk dkO;laxzg pkaxyk xktyk- R;koj lkfgR; orqZGkr pkaxyh ppkZgh ?kMwu

vkyh- tk.ko.;k brir ^LikdZ* R;kaP;k dforsr vlwugh uarj dkO; xk;ukdMs oGY;kus o lqikjh

laçnk;kr lkehy gksÅu dforsP;k ^ckjhr* fejfo.;kr doh /kU;rk feGow ykxY;kus xzkeh.k dforsps

Qkj eksBs uqdlku >kys- dkgh doh fp=iV xhrkadMs oGY;kus] fp=iVxhrs fygwu çfl)h vkf.k iSlk

feGfo.;kpk O;ogkjoknh –"Vhdksu LohdkjY;kus dkO;kRed l`tu'khyrsyk e;kZnk vkY;k- fp=iV

xhrs vkf.k dfork ;k nksUghrhy vfo"dkj 'kSyhrhy fHkUurk ;k dohP;ak y{kkr vkyh ukgh- R;keqGs

v'kk dkO;xk;uksRlqd dohuak M‚- iafMrjko iokj xaHkhjrsus lquorkr dh ^dohauh dkO;xk;u]

dkO;okpu ;kr vkiyk vf/kd osG ?kkyfoyk rj vtwu R;kaP;k vk'k;kP;k ltu'khy vkf.k

cgqvk;keh dforsyk jfld eqdrhy vlk /kksdkgh vkgs- Eg.kwu vktph ôkgok^ m|kP;k vf/kd

fopkj'khy dforsyk vMFkGk B: u;s-*12 ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsph leh{kk Ogkoh r'kh >kyh ukgh-

60



nfyr dforsyk tls leFkZd leh{kd ykHkys rls HkkX; xzkeh.k dforsP;k okVîkyk vkys ukgh-

xzkeh.k dforsph th dkgh leh{kk >kyh R;krgh vkLoknd leh{kspk Hkkx vf/kd vkgs- dforsps

jlxzg.k dj.ks Eg.kts leh{kk dj.ks gks; vlk dkghlkxzg ;k xzkeh.k dforsP;k leh{kdkapk >kysyk

fnlrks- fpfdRld] rVLFk] ij[kM leh{kk vkf.k leh{kd xzkeh.k dforsyk feGw u;ss xzkeh.k dforsps

nqnZSop gks;- xzkeh.k dforsP;k leh{kdkae/;s vkuan ;kno] ukxukFk dksÙkkiYys] jk- x- tk/ko] ds'ko

ns'keq[k] jktu xol] jes'k oj[ksMs] ,dukFk ixkj] baæftr Hkkysjko] dSykl lkosdj] j.k/khj f'kans

;klkj[;k leh{kdkaps ukos egRokps vkgs- xzkeh.k dforsph leh{kkgh vkLoknkRed] dGi 'kj.k]

dkSrqd lksgGh]T;kph [kkoh iksGh R;kph oktokoh VkGh] rw ek÷;koj fyfgeh rq÷;koj fyfgrks ;k

Lo:ikph vkgs-uO;kus fyfg.kk&;k dohauk ekxZn'kZu gksbZy v'kk leh{kspk vHkkop tk.korks- ^vkt

çLFkkfir uoksfnrkaph lafgrk leksj vkY;kuarj R;krhy mf.kok dBksji.ks nk[kfo.ks gsrqr% VkGrkr-

dkj.k rks R;krwu nq%[kkosy vkiY;k ia[kkiklwu cktwyk tkbZy-;k Hkhrhus o vkiyh cxy 'kkcwr

Bso.;klkBh ^Nku Nku* ^gsgh Nku rsgh Nku* loZ dkgh Nku v'kh [kksVh Hkzkedrk uoksgnrka leksj

Bsor vkgsr- ifj.kkeh pkaxys dk;\okbZV dk; \ vkiY;k ijaijsr cl.kkjs dk;\ ijaijkcká dk;\

vfHk#phpk foosd uoksfnrkr #tw 'kdykukgh-Qä Nku&Nkuoknh] VkGdjh laçnk; fuekZ.k >kys

vkf.k vls laçnk; Hkkx Hkkxkr r;kj dj.;kr yksd/kU;rk ekuw ykxyss]gs okbZV vkgs- dkj.k R;keqGsp

ok³~e;hu i;kZoj.kkps çnw"k.k ok<r vkgs-*13 xzkeh.k dforsP;k lfe{kse/;s ;k çnq"k.kkps vusd fu"iki

fyfg.kk;kZpk cGh tk;ps Fkkacysys ukgh- ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsyk leh{kspk tlk vHkko vkgs rlk

xzkeh.k dforsyk O;klihB geGowu ns.kk&;k o loZO;kih ewY;ekiu dj.kk&;k ekflds

&fu;rdkfydkapk vHkkop vkgs-vkt ?kMhP;k vusd ejkBh fu;rdkfydkae/;s xzkeh.k dfork vkf.k

leh{kk Nkiwu ;srsgh le/kkukph ckc vlyh rjh rks vodk'k iqjslkukgh- ejkBh dforsyk okfgysys

dforkjrh] dkO;kxzg] lkj[ks fu;rdkfyds lkiMrkr] i.k xzkeh.k dforsyk o dkO; O;ogkjkauk

okfgysys ,dgh fu;rdkfyd ukgh vls [kk=hus Eg.krk ;srs- xzkeh.k dfork fo'ks"kkad fuekZ.k

dj.;kps ç;Ru >kys vlrhygh ek= xzkeh.k dforsP;k o)hyk ç;Ru iqjsls ukgh- xzkeh.k dfork

vkf.k leh{ksyk ç/kkU; ns.kk&;k dkgh fu;rdkfydkapk mYys[k dj.ks vko';d vkgs-R;kr eqjGh]

frQ.k] v{kjoSnHkh] dknokf'kokj] mehZ] v{kjisj.kh ;kapk lekos'k gksrks- ejkBh xzkeh.k dforse/;s L=h

dokf;=hps çek.k Qkjp ux.; vkgs- rls ikfgys rj xzkeh.k dforsph [kjh lqjokr L=h dokf;=hP;k

¼cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh½ dforsus >kysyh vkgs- ek= nfyr L=h dokf;=hP;k rqyusr xzkeh.kL=h dokf;=hps

çek.k [kqip deh vkgs-

çfrek baxksys- dYiuk nq/kkG] yrk ,soGsgh ukos lksMys rj nqljs ukos vkBor ukgh- L=h

dohP;ak vHkkokeqGs xzkeh.k dforsr L=h tx.;kps [kwi eksBs fo'o ;sÅ 'kdys ukgh- xzkeh.k L=h P;k

okVîkyk Qkj eksBs nq%[kHkksx ;sÅugh rh osnuk xzkeh.k dforsr vkyh ukgh-xzkeh.kL=hP;k nq%[kkph

vfHkO;ähgh tkR;kikGP;k vksO;kP;k :ikus dforsrwup gksr gksrh rjh xzkeh.k dforsr L=h;kaP;k




61


dforkapk vHkko dk gk la'kks/kukpk fo"k; Bjkok-;k ç'ukps mÙkj L=hojhy lkaL—frd opZLoke/;s

lkiMw 'kdrs-

tkuin dforsiklwu ejkBh xzkeh.kdforsph lqjokr >kyh vls ekuys tkrs- ifgY;k fi<hrhy

c&;kp dohpas Hkj.k iks"k.k ák tkuin dforsojp >kY;kus ;kaP;k dforsyk e;kZnk iMrkr- [kjs rj

xzkeh.k dforsph lq#okr e- QqY;kaP;k dforsiklwu ekuk;yk goh-xzkeh.k dforsus vkiyh çsj.kk

yksdlkfgR;] lar lkfgR;] e- QqY;kaps lkfgR; ;krwu ?ksryh vlrh rj vktP;k xzkeh.k dforsps

Lo:i fuf'prp osxGs jkfgys vlrs- xzkeh.k dforsP;k çkjaHkkiklwu rs vkt i;ZarP;k xzkeh.k dforsps

ewY;ekiu djrkuk ,d xks"V tk.kors rh Eg.kts xzkeh.k dohauah cnyR;k xzkeokLrokauk lkeksjs xsys

ikfgts- cnykauk Lohdk:u uO;k vkOgkukauk isy.;kph r;kjh Bsoyh ikfgts-tx.;k'kh çkekf.kd jkgwu

l`tu'khy vfHkO;äh dsyh ikfgts- dsoG xko]ika<jh] foB~By] cki&vkbZ] nq"dkG] lkodkj] vkRegR;k

fdaok 'kgjkr jkgwu xko fdrh lqanj vkgs ák Nostalgic HkwikG~;kauk VkGwu uO;k tkf.kok] laosnuk] rhoz

Lianuklghr dforsr fVik;yk gO;k- R;klkBh xzkeh.k dohuak vH;klkph vkf.k esgurhph Qkjp xjt

vkgs vls çkekf.kdi.ks okVrs-

lanHkZ lwph %lanHkZ lwph %lanHkZ lwph %lanHkZ lwph %

1½ dSykl lkoZsdj] êjkBh xzkeh.k dforsp bfrgkl*]esgrk ifCyds”ku gkml] iq.ks] ç- vk- v‚DVks-

1999]i`-2

2½ r=So]i`-242-

3½ ukxukFk dksÙkkiYys] ^xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo:i vkf.k 'kks/k*]Lo:i çdk'ku] vkSjaxkckn] fOn- vk-

fMlsa- 2010] i-115-

4½ vkuan ;kno] ^xzkeh.krk% Lo:i vkf.k okLro*]esgrk ifCyds”ku gkml] iq.ks] 1981]i-130

5½ dSykl lkosdj] êjkBh xzkeh.kdforspk bfrgkl*] esgrk ifCyds”ku gkml] iq.ks] ç- vk- v‚DVks-

1999] ijh-135-

6½ r=So] i`-170-

7½ r=So] i`-198

8½ ukxukFk dksÙkkiYys] mfu-] i-124-

9½ dSykl lkosZdj] mfu-] i`-1-

ƒå½ ukxukFk dksÙkkiYys] mfu-] i-116-

ƒƒ½ iafMrjko iokj] êjkBh dfork vkdyu vkf.k vkLokn*] nkLrkus jkepaæ vkf.k daiuh] iq.ks] 2005]

i`- 341-

ƒ„½ jktu xol] ^VkG~;kr vMdysyh O;klihBs*] laik- lqerh ykaMs]ok³~e;hu pGoGh vkf.k

–"Vhdksu] 'kCnky; çdk'ku] Jhjkeiwj] ç- vk- tkus -2008] i-212-

ƒ…½ r=So] i`-213-

62



ledkyhu dforsrhy xzkeh.k thoukps n”kZuledkyhu dforsrhy xzkeh.k thoukps n”kZuledkyhu dforsrhy xzkeh.k thoukps n”kZuledkyhu dforsrhy xzkeh.k thoukps n”kZu

izkizkizkizk---- MkW MkW MkW MkW---- Nk;k ,l Nk;k ,l Nk;k ,l Nk;k ,l---- f”kans f”kans f”kans f”kans

dyk] okf.kT; o foKku egkfo|ky;] «;acds”oj rk- «;acds”oj ft-ukf”kd

izkLrkfod % izkLrkfod % izkLrkfod % izkLrkfod %

tkxfrdhdj.kkuarj thoukP;k dkgh {ks=kae/;s izpaM myFkkikyFk >kyh- ijarq xzkeh.k

thoukr eksBk cny >kyk ukgh- [ksM;kikM;krhy lkekU; “ksrd&;kaP;k thoukr lq/kkj.kkais{kk

vMp.khp ok<r xsY;k- Eg.kwu vkRegR;sps vkdMs vkslj.;k,soth Qqxrp xsys- R;keqGsp

“ksrh&ekrhP;k dfork Qkj”kk vkuannk;h >kY;k ukghr- foB~By ok?kkaP;k dforsryk “ksrdjh

tks vkiY;k “ksrkykp ia<jh ekurks] vla ia<jhP;k okjhpa lq[k c&;kp “ksrd&;kaP;k okV;kyk

vkysya fnlr ukgh- vLekuh ladV d/kh d/kh “ksrd&;kyk mtkMwu Vkdra vkf.k ex R;kP;k

gkrkr ljdkjh vk”oklukaf”kok; dkghp jkgr ukgh- vla T;k T;k fBdk.kh “ksrdjh thou

vMp.khr vkya rs dkgh dohauh eq[kfjr dsya vkgs- R;kpk ijke”kZ ;k ys[kkr ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru

dsyk vkgs-

“kks/kfuca/kkph mfí’V;s“kks/kfuca/kkph mfí’V;s“kks/kfuca/kkph mfí’V;s“kks/kfuca/kkph mfí’V;s % % % %

1- ledkyhu xzkeh.k thoukrhy “ksrh leL;kaps Lo#i rikl.ks-

2- xzkethoukrhy “ksrh leL;kaP;k dkj.kkapk “kks/k ?ks.ks-

3- ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsr meVysys izfrfcac ikg.ks-

4- ljdkjh ckcwaph vk”oklus vkf.k “ksrdjh thou ;kapk esG rikl.ks-

5- ledkyhu xzkeh.k doh ,s”o;Z ikVsdj] lanhi txrki] izdk”k fduxkodj ;kaP;k dforkapk

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ----

l| fLFkrhr “ksrhpk fopkj djk;ps Bjys rj ;kaf=d ;qxkrhy “ksrh t”kh lksih >kyh

vkgs r”kh R;krY;k vMp.khauh rh vo?kMgh okVrs vkgs- R;kps eq[; dkj.k Eg.kts ik.kh-

[ksMksikMh ts foHkktu >kys vkgs] rqdM;k rqdM;kaph “ksrh dks.kkykp ijoMr ukgh- Eg.kwu

lanhi txrkikaP;k ^HkqbZHkksx^ ;k dforklaxzgkrhy ^cki Eg.krks ;k dforsrY;k ckikph rdzkj

v”kh vkgs&

^^”ksrkcka/kkoj ;kp tj

?kkyr clyk vkV;k ikV;k

ftanxhr rqÖ;k lk&;k

mxowu ;srhy dkV;k dqV;k^^




63


Eg.kwu gs eqyk rw iksVfrMdhus f”kd- ;k xkokph f”ko vksY;kaMY;kf”kok; rqÖ;k thoukpa lksua

gks.kkj ukgh- vkrk iwohZlkj[kk “ksrkr jke jkfgyk ukgh- dkjdwuh dj] ekLrj Oga;] dkj.k

,dnk Hksxkauh ftanxh QkVw ykxyh dh fryk ekrhpa vkLrj nsrk ;sr ukgh- v”kk izdkjs

“ksrd&;kP;k ik;k[kkyph ekrh foHkkxY;keqGs ifgyk iz”u gkp vkgs dh] ,o<;k NksV;k”kk

tehuhP;k rqdM;kr xqtjk.k dla djk;pa- R;kr ;s.kkjh vkLekuh ladVa] jksxjkbZ vkf.k mRiUu

;s.;klkBh xqarokos ykx.kkjs HkkaMoy R;keqGs gSjk.k >kysY;k “ksrd&;kyk iksVklkBh vk.k[kh

dkgh “kks/kkosp ykxrs- R;kr xkoP;k lkslk;V;k] irlaLFkk] cWadk g;k t.kw “ksrd&;kalkBh

dRry[kkusp cuY;k vkgsr-

njjkst ngk ikp vkRegR;kaP;k ckrE;k vki.k izlkjek/;ekarwu ikgrks- ;k loZ

vkRegR;kaph dkj.ks] ukfidh] nq’V lkodkjh] cWadkaP;k vkf/kdk&;kapk tkp] “ksrhekykps iM[kkÅ

eksy ;k lk&;kaP;k nq’V pdzkr vMdysys gs “ksrdjh ej.kkyk toG djrkr- dkj.k R;kaP;k

tx.;kus R;kauk vk/khp ek#u Vkdysya vlra- txrkikaP;k êj.kkP;k vk/kh^ ;k dforsr xksM

“ksrhpa dMw okLro ekaMysya vkgs- doh Eg.krks] îksV&;krY;k xOgkyk rkacsjk os<wu Vkdrks]

d.klkr nk.ks Hkjys dh o#u ikÅl iMrks] ?kkV;koj gjcjk ikslyk dh vGh iks[kjrs rj

nzk{kkP;k ckxk mH;k dj.;klkBh uoa dtZ dk<k;yk mrk&;kr tkxk jkgr ukgh- ex

“ksrd&;kP;k lk&;k ftanxhpa vla ekGjku gksra dh] ej.kkP;k vk/khp R;kpa e<a Le”kk.kkr

tkra- fidkae/;s ;s.kkja cslqekj xor vkf.k fida gkrh vkY;koj ekdsZVe/;s rs ekrheksy fodya

tkra- MksD;kojpa vks>a [kkan;kojgh ;sr ukgh- vla lyx nksu ikp o’ksZ >kya dh vkiksvkip

vkRegR;sdMsp R;kpk izokl lq# gksrks- g;kpa l[kksy eeZ doh lanhi txrki ;kauh vkiY;k

vuqHkwrhrwu lgtxR;k myxMya vkgs- “ksrd&;kpa ijaijsua vkysya gs thou R;kP;k jDrkr

brda fHkuysys vkgs dh] rks rs lksMwgh “kdr ukgh vkf.k frFka R;kyk lq[kkps nksu ?kklgh feGr

ukghlk&;k txkpk iksf”kank Eg.kwu T;kyk cGhjktk ;k xksaMl ukokus yksd xksatkjrkr-

R;kP;kp okV;kyk ts vktpa okLro vkya vkgs rsp doh lanhi txrkikauh vxnh lgt

lkafxrya vkgs-

vusd erych yqVk#auh “ksrd&;kP;k thoukph j;k dk<wu ?ksryh vkgs- Eg.kwup

lksU;klkj[;k fidkyk ekrheksy dj.kkjs nyky] O;kikjh rlsp erklkBh ekrhph “kiFk ?ksÅu

“ksrd&;kaps dY;k.k dj.;kpa ml.ka volku vk.k.kkjs iq<kjh] iqUgk iqUgk R;kaP;k rksaMkyk

vk”oklukaph ikua iqlrkr- gs okLro doh txrkikauh lgt ekaMwu ,dk drh”khy

dzkarhdkjdkph Hkwfedk ?ksryh vkgs- ;kph lk{k R;kaP;k vusd dforkarwu iVrs- mnk- ^gk;czhM

cs.ka

64



^^rqeP;k iksVpa ysd# letwu

eyk er n;k Eg.k.kkjk

,dnk [kqphZoj xsyk dh]

fol#u tkrks

ekrhpa ns.ka ^

izLrqr dforsrwu jktdh; ikrGhoj th [kksV;k vk”oklukaph [kSjkr gksrs- R;kyk

mcxysY;k “ksrd&;kP;k rksaMwu th Hkkouk doh izdV djrks- rh vki.k izlkjek/;ekarwu usgehp

vkdMsokjhuqlkj ,sdr vlrks- ljdkjus tkghj dsysyh dtZekQh ljdkjpk o cWadkapk xksa/kG]

vkWuykbZu izfdz;k] ekfgrhpk vHkko v”kk vusd nq’Vpdzkr vMdysY;k “ksrd&;ki;Zar ljdkjus

fnysyh enrgh c&;kpnk dkxnksi=hp jkgrs vkf.k ex vk/khp fulxkZus ukMysyk “ksrdjh

ljdkjdMwugh ukxkoyk tkrks- ;kps izR;;dkjh fp=.k ledkyhu dohaP;k vusd dforkarwu

fnlrs- dkj.k lkfgR; gs lektkP;k lekarj pky.kkjh izfdz;k vkgs- ts ts tx.;kr ;srs rsp

lkfgR;kr izfrfcachr gksrs- ex R;kyk xzkeh.k lkfgR;gh viokn vlw “kdr ukgh- ukxjh

leL;klkj[;kp xzkeh.k leL;kgh frrD;kp rhozrsus ledkyhu dforsr ;srkr- g;k dfork

Eg.kts dsoG dohapk vkdzks”k ukgh rj xzkehthoukrhy okLrokps Hksnd n”kZu vkgs- gs vk.k[kh

osxGs lkaxk;yk udks- gk vuqHko ,s”o;Z ikVsdj ;kaP;k dforsrwu izdV gksrkauk iq<hy “kCnkr

;srks-

^^fofgjhrya vkVkoa ik.kh

vu~ eksV iMkoh lMr

fdrh fnl txyks----

fdrh ekF;koj

ckdh jkfgyks dq<r^^

nql&;k dforsr rs lqyrkuh lRrscíy “ksrd&;kph grcyrk nk[korkauk Eg.krkr]

^^rqrkZl rjh

gk iz”u cktwyk BsÅu

vki.k gkr pksGhr mBok;pa dh]

eqGhr oGfor

gs eh rqeP;koj lksioya;-----

vkrk rqEgh fu?kk;yk goa

rksi;Zar eh

[kqjV;k >qMikP;k lkoyhr clwu




65


ifjfLFkrhpk vankt ?ksrks;^^

ojhy dforsrhy Hkkouk y{kkr ?ksrks- Lokra«; feGwu fdrhrjh o’kZ yksVyh rjh “ksrd&;kP;k

okV;kyk ek= Lor%ps vfLrRo fVdo.;klkBhpkp la?k’kZ fnlwu ;srks- tx.;kP;k nql&;k okVk

miyC/k ulY;kusp fdrhgh ladVa vkyh rjh ekrh gkp ,d vk/kkj vkgs- gs dohP;k iq<hy

vksGhrwu Li’V gksrs-

^^vkbZua frpk eksMysyk lalkj

ekrhP;kp tksjkoj mHkk dsyk] txoyk

ekrhuap fyaiY;k nq%[kkP;k Hksxk

vkbZyk gqnZ eksdGa djk;yk

ekrhp gksrh gDdkph tkxk-----

vkEgkl dqBa Bspya] [kjpVya

rj vkbZ ?;k;ph ekrh] vu~ pksGk;ph t[kesoj

ekrh eyekis{kkgh Hkkjh bykt Bjk;ph

t[ke [kiyh /kjk;ph^^

dohP;k dqVqackP;k tx.;kpk vk/kkj ekrhp vkgs- ;k ekrheqGsp vkbZus vkiyk eksMysyk lalkj

mHkk dsyk] ek;ekrh toGp eukrhy O;Fkk ekaMY;k- ,dw.kp ekrheqGsp dohpa tx.ka lqdj

>kya-

izdk”k fduxkodj ;kaP;k ^xkokP;k vkdkHkksorh^ ;k dkO;laxzgkrhy cgqrsd loZ dfork

xzkeh.k thoukrhy “ksrd&;kP;k okV;kyk vkysys nSU;] nkfjnz;] gkyvis’Vk ;kaps o.kZu

djrkr- cnyysY;k _rqpdzkeqGs lrr rksV;kr tk.kkjh “ksrh] “ksrd&;kaph /kwGnku djrs vkf.k

“ksrd&;kaP;k dqVaqckyk dk;epa thou la?k’kkZyk lkeksja tkoa ykxra] useda LFkS;Zp ykHkr ukgh-

ikÅl ulY;keqGs R;kP;k Hkkdjhy nG ¼cG½ ;sr ukgh- Eg.kwu fduxkodj Eg.krkr]

^^FkksM;k mUgkph ;srk rko.k

ihd /kjrs Åu

thHk tkrs djiwu^^

R;keqGs Hkjkr vkysyh d.kla vlwugh R;krhy nk.ks ikspV vlrkr- f”kokjkr ik.kh ulY;kus

fidkyk lq/nk cG ulrs vkf.k ex okV;kyk dsoG ikpksGkp ;srks- îkÅl^ ;k dforsr

fduxkodj fyfgrkr]

^îkÅl okojkr

Ekkrhrwu ik>jr fc;k.;ki;Zar iksgpr ukgh

66



vu~ deh djr ukgh fdMk&eqaxhiklwupa Hk;

rks QDr vaxkojpa ikaa?k#u fHktforks

vu~ xqipqi dkuksM;klkj[kk fu?kwu tkrks ^

vk/khp loZ cktwauh vMp.khr vlysyk “ksrdjh iqUgk fulxkZP;k nq’Vkpdzkr vMdrks] ikÅlgh

R;kyk gqydko.kh nsrks- [ksM;kryk ek.kwl vkiY;k xkok”kh] “ksrh] ekrh”kh] xqjk<ksjka”kh tksMwu

jkgrks- R;kyk “kgjh thou vkiya okVr ukgh- Eg.kwu fduxkodj Eg.krkr]

^^xkokP;k vkdkHkksorh

oax.kkP;k fpa/;k cuwu

fnolkP;k pkdkyk rks osx nsr jkfgyk

rjhgh vMk.khi.kkph B.kd

R;kP;k psg&;koj

iksja f”kdwu

eksBh gksbZLrksoj^^

gs xzkethoukrhy okLro “ksrd&;kyk VkGrk ;sr ukgh] R;kpa f”k{k.kgh rlp vlra-

dkj.k lokZaphp iksVa R;kP;k d’Vkoj voyacwu vlrkr vkf.k fulxkZus R;kph /kwG/kk.k dsyh dh

R;kpa Tkx.ka R;kykp vks>a gksÅu clra- yXukP;k o;kr vkysyh eqyxh] dkWystyk f”kdk;yk

tkÅ ikg.kkjk eqyxk rlsp “ksrhokMhlkBh gos vlysys HkkaMoy ;k lk&;kp xqarkoG;kr

vMdysyk “ksrdjh o R;kps okLro n”kZu fduxkodjkaP;k ;k dforkae/kwu vLlyi.ks izdVrs-

fu’d’kZ %fu’d’kZ %fu’d’kZ %fu’d’kZ %

1- ledkyhu dohauh “ksrd&;kaP;k [k&;k leL;k ekaMY;k vkgsr- dkj.k gs doh “kgjh

ulwu izR;{k leL;karwup la?k’kZ djhr dfork tx.kkjs doh vkgsr-

2- ledkyhu dohaP;k dforkao#u xzkeh.k thoukrhy “ksrhekrhP;k ij[kM okLrokpk

vH;kl djrk ;srks-

3- xzkeh.k cksyhpk okij ;k dforkauk okLrokP;k vf/kd toG usrks-

4- ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork dsoG okLrokpa Hkku nsr ukgh rj Hkfo’; Bjors-

5- “ksrh ekrhrY;k ek.klkaP;k thoukrhy vLoLFkrk] [kn[kn O;Dr djrs vkf.k la?k’kkZyk

lkeksjs tkrs- o vkivkiY;k ijhus ekxZ “kks/k.;kpk iz;Ru djrs-

lekjksi %lekjksi %lekjksi %lekjksi %

xzkeh.k dforspk psgjk eksgjk brj dforsis{kk osxGk vkgs- xsY;k rhl o’kkZr vusd

dohauh xzke thoukps fp=.k vkiY;k dforkarwu js[kkVys- ;k vk/khP;k ukxjh Hkkxkrhy dohauh

R;krhy dsoG fulxZ o.kZu vkf.k dkSrqdkP;k pkj xks’Vh ykMhdi.kkus ekaMY;k- xsY;k iapohl




67


o’kkZaiklwu ek= T;kauh [ksMsxkokr jkgwu thouk”kh nksu gkr djhr ;k >Gk lkslY;k R;k

dohaP;k dforkauh [kjs[kqjs okLro vkiY;k dforkarwu vk.kys- R;kr banzftr Hkkysjko] ,s”o;Z

ikVsdj] lanhi txrki] izdk”k fduxkodj ;k dohaP;k dfork vktP;k okLrokps >.k>.khr

vat.k okpdkP;k] jfldkP;k] ljdkjP;k MksG;kr ?kkyrs vkf.k “ksrhekrhPkk [kjk fopkj

djk;yk ykors-


1- Tkxrki lanhi] HkqbZHkksx % v{kj ok³e; izdk”ku] iq.ks

2- ikVsdj ,s”o;Z] HkqbZ”kkL= % ldkG izdk”ku] iq.ks

3- fduxkodj izdk”k] xkokP;k vkdkHkksorh % ikWI;qyj izdk”ku] eqacbZ

68



Lkedkyhu xzkeh.k dkO;fufeZrhP;k izsj.kk Lkedkyhu xzkeh.k dkO;fufeZrhP;k izsj.kk Lkedkyhu xzkeh.k dkO;fufeZrhP;k izsj.kk Lkedkyhu xzkeh.k dkO;fufeZrhP;k izsj.kk

IkzkIkzkIkzkIkzk---- MkW MkW MkW MkW---- xhrkatyh Ogh xhrkatyh Ogh xhrkatyh Ogh xhrkatyh Ogh---- fpus fpus fpus fpus

ejkBh foHkkx] dyk vkf.k okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] [ksMxko] rk- fnaMksjh] ft-ukf”kd

ek.kql T;k okrkoj.kkr okojrks] txrks] okxrks] ts thou vuqHkorks R;kps iMlkn

lkgftdp R;kP;k lkfgR;krqu igko;kl feGrkr- lkBksRrjh okM~%e;hu izokg Eg.kqu vki.k

^xzkeh.k lkfgR;*] ^nfyr lkfgR; * ^vkfnoklh lkfgR;* ;klkj[;k okM~%e;khu izokgkaph ukos

?ksrks- i.k R;klokZaph fufeZrh gh 1960 uarj >kysyh vkgs vls ek= eqGhp ukgh- eqGkr ;k loZ

lkfgR;kyk ekuokP;k tUekiklqup “krdkuq”krdkpk bfrgkl vkgs- QDr 1960 uarj R;kauk

,dk okM~%e;khu izokgkps Lo:Ik izkIr >kys brdsp- R;ke/;s ^xzkeh.k lkfgR;* ;k okM~%e;khu

izokgkps Lo:Ik fopkjkr ?ksrys rj vxnh izkphu dkGkiklqu yksdthoukr izpfyr vlysY;k

yksddFkk] yksdxhrs] yksddFkkxhrs] yksdlet] yksd/kkj.kk] Eg.kh] okd~izpkj] yksdksDrh ;k

lokZaps n”kZu xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr ?kMrs- toGikl fnM”ks o”kkZph ijaijk vlysyk ^xzkeh.k lkfgR;*

izokg [kÚ;k vFkkZus yksdokM~%e;kdMwu izsj.kk gksoqup lai`Dr >kysyk vkgs- yksdokM~%e;kyk

dsanzLFkkuh Bsowup cgqrsd xzkeh.k dFkk] dfork] dknacjh o ukVd gs lkfgR;izdkj gs lkdkj

>kysys vkgsr- vFkkZrp vusd xzkeh.k doh@ys[kdkauh vkiY;k fy[kk.kkrqu nk[kowu fnysys

vkgsr dh] ^xzkeh.k lkfgR; izokgkyk [kÚ;k vFkkZus okM~%e;hu cSBd izkIr gksow “kdrs rh

yksdlkfgR;krqup*-

izkeq[;kus xzkeh.k dkO; jpuspk fopkj dsY;kl vls y{kkr ;srs dh] 1854 lkyh

lkfo=hckbZ Qqys ;kapk ^dkO;Qqys* ukokpk 41 dforkapk tks dkO;laxzg izfl/n >kyk rks [kÚ;k

vFkkZus ifgyk xzkeh.k dforklaxzg Eg.kko;kl gjdr ukgh- mnk- R;kaP;k ^dkO;Qqys* e/khya

aaaa ek>h tUeHkqeh* ;k dforsr vlysys o.kZu gs xzkeh.k thoukps xzkeO;oLFksps fp=.k dj.kkjs

vkgs-

mnk- ^^ckjk cyqrh] ckjk vyqrh]

fdrhd tkrh&tekrh

f”kokjkr ;k lq[ks ukanrh**

;k lkj[;k vusd dkO;iaDrh ^czEgoarh “ksrh*] êkrhph vksoh* ^”kqnzkaps ijkoyacu* ;k

lkj[;k fdrhrjh dforkae/kqu R;kauh xzkethoukps vLly o.kZu dsysys vkgs- R;kaP;k dkO;jpuk

gÓk vksoh] vHkax ;klkj[;k yksdokM~%e;kpk jpukca/k Lohdk:u lkdkjysY;k vkgsr- Eg.ktsp

egkRek Qqys gs lkfo=hckbZP;k dkO;fufeZrhps izsj.kkLFkku vlys rjh e-QqY;kaP;k vxksnj

lkfo=hckbZpk ^dkO;Qqys* gk xzkeh.k dkO; laxzg fyfgyk o izdkf”kr >kysyk vkgs- ;kp




69


dky[kaMkr 1971 egknso eksjs”oj daqVs ;kaps ^jktk f”kokth* gs [kaMdkO; egkRek Qqys ;kaps

^xqykefxjh*]^lRlkj*] ^N=irh f”kokth jkts Hkkslys ;kapk iksokMk*] ^v[kaMknh dkO;jpuk* bR;knh

lkj[;k jpusrqu R;kauk tuek.klka”kh laokn lk/kko;kpk vlY;kus R;kauh iksokMk] vHkax] vksoh

fdaok laoknkRe ukVÓkys[ku vl.kkÚ;k vLly ns”kh ok.kkP;k vkf.k yksdlkfgR; ijaijs”kh ukrs

lkax.kkjs dkO; ys[ku dsysys vkgs-

egkRek QqysaP;k uarj “ksrh vkf.k “ksrdjh ;k lanHkkZrhy egRokps ys[ku dj.kkjs Ñ’.kjko

Hkkysdj ;kauh îksokMs*] ^fgrksins”k*] ^”ksrdÚ;kaps e/kqjxk;u* vkf.k ^mins”kij yko.;k* ;k

lkj[;k i| jpusrqu R;kauh yksdokM~%e;kpk jpukca/k Lohdkjysyk fnlrks-

mnk- ^vkeps dkjkxhj* e/;s rs Eg.krkr]

^^”ksrdÚ;kph igk fLFkrh] t”khP;k r”kh

“ksrdh lq/kkjrks d”kh

xksÚ;k “ksrdÚ;kaph gR;kjs vkf.k xzaFk jk”kh

dGsuk dkGÓkk dq.kC;k”kh**

;krqu baxztkauh dsysY;k “ksrdjh “kks’k.kkps useds fp= Li”V dsysys vkgs- ;klkBh R;kauh

yksdokM~%e;krhy vksoh] vHkax] yko.kh] iksokMk ;klkj[;k yksdNankpk okij dsysyk vkgs-

R;krqu R;kauh vk/kqfud vk”k; ekaMqu o egkRek Qqysa iklqu iszj.kk ?ksoqu ,d uos lR;”kks/kd

fopkj Ñrh”khyrsus :tfo.;kpk iz;Ru dsysyk vkgs- R;kiq<s R;kaP;k iklqu izsj.kk ?ksoqu rkjkckbZ

f”k ans] fnudjjko toGdj] ds”kojko ts/ks vknhauh xzkeh.k dkO;ys[ku dsysys vkgs- R;kuarj

1913 e/;s eqdqanjko ikVhy ;kaps ^dqyd.khZ yhyke`r* vkf.k ^”ksVth izrki* gs nksu vksohca/n

xzaFk i| :ikus izfl/n >kys- lR;ukjk;.kkP;k iksFkhe/;s fdaok ikaMoizrkiknh xazFkke/;s

okijysY;k vksohapk lqcks/k o izklkfnd okij dsysyk vkgs- eqdqanjko ikVdkaph gh jpuk

yksdokM~%e;kP;k vksoh] “yksd ;k jpuk izdkjka”kh lk/kE;Z n”kZfo.kkjk vkgs- R;kauh ijaijkxr

lkfgR; izdkjke/;sgh vk/kqfud vk”k; leFkZi.ks O;Dr djrk ;sow “kdrks gs Lor%P;k ys[kukrqu

fl/n d:u nk[kfoysys vkgs- 1920 uarj jfofdj.k eaMGkrhy loZp xzkeh.k dohP;k dkO;ke/;s

xzkeh.k thoukps fp=.k vkysys vkgs- ek= R;kaP;k dkO;kps ukrs yksdokM~%e;k”kh Qkj”ks tqGr

ukgh- toGikl 1950 Ik;ZarP;k xzkeh.k dkO;kps Lo:Ik gs rlsp gksrs- ijarq 1950 uarjps ts

xzkeh.k dkO; vkgs] rs fnolsfnol yksdokM~%e;k”kh ?kÍ ukG tksM.kkjs vlY;kps fnlrs-

cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh ;kaP;k dfork lokZaukp Kkr vkgs- R;kaph loZp jpuk vksoh Lo:ikr

y;c/nrk] yksdkuqHko] lgtlaqnjrk ;klkj[kh oSf”k’Vs vl.kkÚ;k yksdxhrk”kh lk/kE;Z

n”kZfo.kkÚ;k vkgsr- Eg.kwu xzkeh.k lkfgR;krhy T;s’B lkfgfR;d MkW-vkuan ;kno vls Eg.krkr

70



dh] ^^cfg.kkckbZ gh vktP;k vk/kqfud dof;=hr cl.kkjh ukgh rj yksddfof;=h vkgs vkf.k

R;kaph dfork gh xzkeh.k dfork ukgh rj rh yksddkO;s] yksdxhrs vkgsr** Eg.ktsp

cfg.kkckbZP;k dfork gîkk yksddFkk] yksdxhrs] larlkfgR; ;kaP;k”kh lk/kE;Z lk/k.kkÚ;k vkgsr

;kr “kadk ukgh- R;kuarj 1960 yk izfl/n >kysyk vkuan ;kno ;kapk ^fgjos tx*] êGîkkph

ekrh* gs nksUgh dkO;laxzg o êk;ysdj* ;k fn?kZ dforse/;s eksBîkk izek.kkr yksdokM~%e;kpk

jpukc/n Lohdkjysyk vkgs- ;kp njE;ku xzkeh.k dkO;ys[ku dj.kkjs uk-/kks-egkuksj gs egRokps

xzkeh.k doh vkgsr- R;kaP;k ^jkukrY;k dfork*] ôgh*] îkolkGh dfork*] ^vftaBk*] îzkFkZuk

n;k?kuk*] îku>M* ^frph dgk.kh* o îGl[ksMph xk.kh* gk laiknhr dkO;laxzg izfl/n vkgsr-

R;kaP;k lexz jpuse/;s yksdthou yksdokM~%e; o R;krhy loZ ?kVdkapk brdk HkjHk:u okij

>kysyk vkgs dh] d/khd/kh rs dkO; xzkeh.k dkO; Eg.kkos dh yksdxhrs] yksdokM~%e; Eg.kkos

vlk iz”u iMks- ;kps izR;arj vkiY;kyk [kkyhy mnkgj.kko:u uDdhp ;sbZy- R;kaP;k

îGl[ksMph xk.kh* g;k dkO; laxzgke/;s R;kauh dsysys ckgsj[;kyh iq:”kkps o.kZu vkf.k R;k

iq:”kka”kh ,dfu’B jkgqu ikfrozR; ti.kkjh R;kaph iRuh ;karhy fojks/kkdkl fVirkauk rs

fyfgrkr]

^^?kjph vLrqjh dlk nk:pk lq:ax

Ikjk;k ukjhlkBh ;kua Hkksxyk rq:ax **

gh egkuksjkaph jpuk yksdokM~%e;k”kh eksBîkk izek.kkr lk/kE;Z lk/krs- ;kp vk”k;kph

yksdokM~%e;kr fLFkr vlysyh jpuk ikfgY;kuarj oLrqfLFkrhpk izR;; ;srks-

mnk- ^?kjph vLrqjh tlk fdY;kapk >qacMk

Ikjk;k ukjhlkBh mHkk xyhr dksacMk*

fdaok ^?kjph vLrqjh tlk dnZGhpk xkHkk

Ikjk;k ukjhlkBh mHkk gkr xkyh e/kh mHkk*

vFkkZrp ojhy yksdxhrkaP;k nksUgh vksoh vkf.k egkuksjkaph jpuk nksUghapk vk”k;]

jpukca/k fopkjkr ?ksrk dsoG “kCncny lksMyk rj toGikl iq.kZr% lkj[ksi.kk vkgs- v”kh

fdrh rjh xzkeh.k dkO;jpusps mnk- vkiY;kyk lkaxrk ;srhy dh] T;krwu iq.kZr yksdthoukpk

vfo”dkj fnlrks-

mnk- vkiY;k eqyhyk lklÚ;kauh dls okxokos gs lkaxrkauk eqyhph vkbZ vkiY;k O;kfg.khyk

dk; lkaxrs-

1- ^^lkaxqu /kkMrs bghu bfg.khys

pk¶;kcjkscj okxoa ekgîkk pesfyys** ¼iGl[ksMph xk.kh½

gh vksoh yksdxhrkrqu v”kh ;srs]




71


^lqusyk lklqjokl udks d: c;kckbZ

vkiY;k ?kjh pkQk] vkyh ijD;kph tkbZ* ¼yksdokM~%e;½

2- ^^vLrqjh tye udks ?kkyq f”k jgkjh

vkiY;k ftokojh ijk;kph rkacsnkjh** ¼iGl[ksMph xk.kh½

vkf.k

^vLrqjh tye dks.;k ?kkrhyk ;sMîkku

Ikjk;kP;k ?kjh cSy tqihyk HkkMîkku** ¼yksdokM~%e;½

;klkj[kh vusd mnkgj.ks ikfgY;kl vkiY;k y{kkr ;srs dh] cgqrka”k xzkeh.k dohauh

yksdokM~%e;kykp izsj.kkLFkkuh ekuqu dkO;jpuk dsysyh vkgs- ,dq.kp egkuksjkauh

yksdokM~%e;krhy vksoh] vHkax] Hkk:M] iksokMk] yko.kh]ikG.kk ;klkj[ks fofo/k yksdxhr

izdkj@yksddFkk xhr izdkjkauk dsaæLFkkuh Bsoqu vk/kqfud fo”k; R;ke/;s ekaMysyk vkgs- v”kkp

izdkjs yksdokM~%e;kyk izsj.kkLFkkuh Bsoqu dkO;jpuk dj.kkjs foB~By ok?k] izfrek baxksys gs gh

;kp dky[kaMkrys egRokps doh@dof;=h vkgsr-

1980 uarjP;k dky[kaMkr izkeq[;kus xzkeh.k dkO;ys[ku o Lor%ph vkf.k Lor%P;k

ys[kukph ukG yksdokM~%e;k”kh tksMqu yksdokM~%e;kyk] yksdthoukykp mtkZLFkku eku.kkjs

egRokps doh Eg.kqu baæftr Hkkysjko gs loZifjfpr vkgsr- R;kaps îhdik.kh*] ^nqj jkfgyk xko*]

^Vkgks*] îsjk*] ^vkEgh dkckMkps /kuh*gs dforklaxzg yksdlaLÑrhP;k fofo/k ?kVdkaps n”kZu

?kMforkr- R;kapk ^dqGfca.kkhph dgk.kh* gk dforklaxzg rj yksddFksP;k jpukca/kk”kh ukrs

lkax.kkjk vkgs- R;ke/;s v’Vk{kjh Nankpk iq.kZ okij dsY;keqGs yksdxhr jpuk o yksdlaoknkRed

jpukca/kk”kh lekurk fnlrs- R;kaP;k dforsrhy y;] xs;rk] NaneqDrrk R;ke/;s vl.kkjs

gsydkos dkO;jpusph Hkk”kk ;k loZ ckch yksdxhrjpus”kh lk/kE;Z n”kZfo.kkÚ;k vkgsr-

mnk- R;kaP;k ^”khd ckck “khd* ;k dforse/;s rs fyfgrkr]

^^”khd ckck “khd] y<k;yk “khd

dq.kC;kP;k iksjk vkrk y<k;yk “khd

xkGysY;k ?kkeklkBh jLR;koj Vhd

gDdklkBh y< ckck ekxw udks Hkhd**

;k dkO;iaDrh yksd okM~%e;krhy]

^Qq ckbZ Qq] QqxMh Qq

neykl dk; ekÖ;k xksfoank] rq ja xksfoank rq *

;k jpuspk y;] lqj] rky] ;kaP;k”kh gqcsgqc tqG.kk&;k vkgsr-

72



;klkj[;k fdrhrjh dkO;iaDrhe/;s vkiY;kyk yksdthou vkf.k xzkethou]

yksdlaLÑrh&yksdokM~%e; vkf.k xzkeh.k okM~%e; ;kaps ,d:IkRo y{kkr ;srs o R;kpcjkscj gs gh

y{kkr ;srs dh] yksdokM~%e;krhy fofo/k ?kVdkapkp vuqca/k Lohdk:u fdacgquk yksdlkfgR;krhy

vk”k;& fo”k; vkf.k vkÑrhca/k] jpukca/k ;kaukp dsaæLFkkuh Bsoqu o R;krqup izsj.kk ?ksoqu baæftr

Hkkysjkokaph dkO;fufeZrh le/n >kysyh vkgs-

1990 uarjP;k dkGkrhy t;jke [ksMsdj] lnkuan ns”keq[k] Jhdkar ns”keq[k o R;kikBksikBp

2000P;k “krdkrhy y{e.k egkfMd] “kf”kdkar f”kans vknhaP;k vusd dkO;jpuk yksdokM~%;kdMqu

izsj.kk Lohdk:up lkdkj >kysY;k vkgsr- y{e.k egkfMd ;kapk ^dq.kC;kph dfork* gk dkO;laxzg

2003 lkyh izfl/n >kyk- 21 O;k “krdkP;k macjBîkkoj ikÅy Bsor tUe ?ks.kkjh R;kph dfork

ns[khy yksdokM~%e;kpk vkÑrhca/k Lohdk:up tUekyk vkysyh fnlrs-

mnk- R;kaph ôfgrkph yko.kh* gh dfork ^yko.kh* ;k jpuk izdkjkpk vkÑrhca/k Lohdk:up lkdkj

>kysyh vkgs-

^^dkghrjh d:u] dlrjh d:u] >ViV [kViV djk

ekÖ;k ekGkph ekGjkukph] jk;k tehu ofgrh djk**

;klkj[kh vusd mnk- vkiY;kyk lkaxrk ;srhy- R;kpizek.ks doh foykl ixkj ;kapk

êk;ekrh* gk dkO;laxzg ns[khy vlkp yksdokM~%e;kP;k jpukizsj.ksrqu lkdkj >kysyk fnlrks- R;kaP;k

dforkaps “kh’kZd ns[khy yksdthoukrqup vkysyh vkgsr- mnk- ^jkukryh ek;*] ^>ksiMh vkf.k Egkrkjk*]

^va/kkj*] îkolkGk* b- ;krhy vusd dfork vksoh] vHkaxkpk vkÑrhca/k Lohdk:u “kMk{kjh] v”Vk{kjh

Nanke/;s fyfgysY;k vkgsr- R;kpcjkscj yksdekulkr fLFkr vlysys yksdlet] “kdqu&vi”kdqu

;kapsgh n”kZu vkiY;kyk ?kMrs- R;kaP;k ^>ksiMh vkf.k Egkrkjk* ;k dforsr yksdekulkrhy

yksdlektkyk dforsP;k dsaæLFkkuh BsoY;kps fnlrs-

mnk- ^ÊgkrkÚ;kP;k vktkjkyk] ukgh vkS”k/k ukgh ik.kh

dkGjk=hP;k va/kkjkr ,sadq ;srkr fVVohph xk.kh**

;k dkO;iaDrhrqu ^fVVohph xk.kh Eg.ktsp fVVohps dMkM.ks* gk vi”kdqu e`R;qps lalwpu

dj.kkjk vkgs-

eqGkrp xzkethou gs yksdthouk”kh brds ,d:Ik >kysys vkgs dh R;keqGs ^xzkeh.k dfork

fdaok ,dq.kp xzkeh.k lkfgR;* gs osxGs okV.;kps dkj.k ukgh ;k lanHkkZr jk-x-tk/ko ;kauh dsysys

foospu egRoiq.kZ okVrs rs fyfgrkr dh] ^^xzkethou gs usgehp yksdthouk”kh cka/kysys vkgs-

xzkelaLÑrh vkf.k yksdlaLÑrh ;kaph brdh ?kÍ oh.k brj dks.kR;kgh fBdk.kh igko;kl feGr ukgh-

R;keqGs laiq.kZ xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr fi<îkkufi<îkk iklqu pkyr vkysY;k ijaijk] jhfr&fjokt]

laLdkj&laLÑrh] fofo/k yksdJ/nk] let&vilet] “kdqu&vi”kdqu] fofo/k izdkjph fo/kh&fo/kkus

bR;knh loZ ?kVdkapk laxksikx vfo”dkj xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr igko;kl feGrks-** ;k fBdk.kh jk-x-tk/ko

;kaps xzkeh.k lkfgR;fo”k;d foospu fdrh egRoiq.kZ vkgs ;kph izfprh vkiY;kyk xzkeh.k lkfgR;




73


vH;klrkauk uDdhp ;srs- R;kps eqfrZear mnkgj.k Eg.kts larks”k iokj ;kapk ^fi<hisLrj I;knsekr* gk

dforklaxzg gks;- ;k dkO;laxzgkph laiq.kZ ekaM.khp^

^lVoh fyfgrh v{kj] czEg dfjrh rkrMh]

ukjhP;k tyekph] js?k iMyh okdMh*

;k yksdxhrkrqu izsj.kk ?ksoqu R;kvk/kkjhrp >kysyh vkgs- R;keqGs R;akP;k dfork g;k

L=hthou] frph “kksf”k drk] frP;k thoukrhy]eukrhy LQqV vkanksyus] gsydkos] frP;k thoukps eksy

b- xks”Vh Li’V dj.kkÚ;k vkgsr- ;k lanHkkZrhy dkgh dkO;iaDrh mnk- Eg.kqu lkaxrk ;srhy-

mnk- ^êk; frP;kgh ek;aph] lkax >kyh dk; xr

tUeHkj jkcqugh] ukgh neMhph ir]

lkljP;k lkÚ;k okVk] bFka el.kkyk tkrh]

ekrh tUekph lkscrh] dk; ckbZ thok [kkyh**

fdaok ^^lkljyk fu?krkauk] ek; ysdhyk cksyyh]

jkca ekÖ;kok.kh frFka] t”kh bFka eh jkcyh

ukgh iqlra x dks.kh] jaxk:ikyk vkiY;k

nk.ka ik[kMqu |k;k] uqLR;k vki.k lqiY;k

lqiyhP;k ?kqaxjkph r”kh ftanxh vkiyh**

fdaok ^^cksy l;s cksy] vxa eukrya cksy----

ckjospk rG lkax] fdrh fdrh [kksy**

;klkj[;k vusd dkO;iaDrh vkiY;kyk yksdokM~%e; vkf.k xzkeh.k lkfgR;] yksdthou vkf.k

xzkethou] vkf.k Ik;kZ;kus yksdlkfgR; vkf.k xzkeh.k lkfgR; ;kaps ,d:IkRo fl/n d:u nk[kforkr-

Okj m/–Dr dsysY;k dohaP;k ikoykaoj ikÅy Bsoqu fdacgquk R;kapkp okjlk Lohdk:u 2011

e/khy ,s’o;Z ikVsdj ;kapk ^HkqbZ”kkL=* gk dfork laxzg vlsy fdaok lanhi txrki ;kapk vLly

xzkethoukps n”kZu ?kMfo.kkjk ^HkqbZHkksx* gk dfork laxzg vlsy] ;k lokZaP;kp xzkeh.kdkO; ys[k.kkus

yksdokM~%e;kykp dsaæLFkkuh Bsoqu o izsj.kk ekuwu ys[ku dsysys vkgs- vFkkZrp R;keqGs R;kaP;k

fy[kkukyk ,d osxGs egRo vkf.k ntkZ izkIr >kysyk vkgs gs uDdhp- ,dq.kp yksdokM~%e;kph gh

[kqi eksBh rkdn vkgs gs ekU; dj.ks ØeizkIr Bjrs-

Lkekjksi &Lkekjksi &Lkekjksi &Lkekjksi &

,danjhr xzkeh.k dfork gh xzkethoukps fp=.k d:u okLrothoukyk fn”kk ns.kkjh vkgs-

vusd xzkeh.k doh@ys[kdkaP;k lkfgR;krqu R;kpk izR;; ;srks- eqGkr xzkeh.k dfork gh yksdxhr]

yksddFkkarqu vkdkjkyk vkY;keqGs fdacgquk yksdokM~%e;kykp dsaæLFkkuh ekuqu cgqrka”k xzkeh.k dfork

lkdkj >kY;keqGs gh dfork yko.kh] iksokMk] vksoh] vHkax] ;kalkj[;k yksdokM~%e;kP;k QkWeZ

Lohdk:u fuekZ.k >kY;keqGs frph Hkk”kk] lk/kh] ljG] vks?korh o y; rky] xs;rk ;kauh le/n

74



vkgsr- xzkeh.k dfork gh yksdthoukpkp ,d Hkkx vlY;keqGs yksdthoukrhy O;Fkk] g’kZ&foe’kZ]

lq[k%nq[ks] “ksrh&”ksrdjh] “ksrdÚ;kaP;k thoukrhy la?k’kZ] uSlfxZd vkiRrh] Ik”kq&i{kh ;kaP;k”kh

“ksrdÚ;kaps vlysys ukrs ;k lokZaps fp=.k yksdokM~%e;kP;k vk”k;&fo”k;kyk vuql:u vkysys vkgs]

R;keqGs yksdthoukrhy] yksdJ/nk] yksdfo”okl] yksdlet] yksd/kkj.kk ;kcjkscj yksdxhrs]

yksdksDrh] yksddFkk] yksddFkkxhrs vknhapsgh n”kZu xzkeh.k dforsrqu ?kMrs- ,dq.kp ledkyhu

xzkeh.k dkO; gs yksdlkfgR;kyk ÅtkZLFkku ekuqu fuekZ.k >kysys vkgs vls EgVY;kl okoxs Bj.kkj

ukgh-

fu’fu’fu’fu’d’kZ &d’kZ &d’kZ &d’kZ &

1- yksdokM~%e; gsp xzkeh.k dforspk ÅtkZ L=ksr vkgs-

2- yksdokM~%e;krhy yksdxhrs] yksddFkk] yksddFkk xhrs] Eg.kh yksdksDrh vknh ?kVdkaps n”kZu

xzkeh.k dkO;krqu ?kMrs-

3- yksdthou vkf.k xzkethou] yksdlaLÑrh vkf.k xzkelaLÑrh gs ijLijiqjd o ijLijkoyach

vkgsr-

4- yksdthoukr fLFkr vlysys] izpyhr vlysys yksdlet] yksd/kkj.kk] yksdrRos] yksdJ/nk

;kauk xzkeh.k dkO;kaus eqDr O;klihB miyC/k d:u fnysys vkgs-

5- yksdokM~%e; ;k izkphu dkGkP;k vfo”dkjkcjkscj vk/kqfud dkGkrhy egkRek Qqys] lkfo=hckbZ

Qqys] Ñ’.kjko Hkkysdj] toGdj] ts/ks vknhadMqu izsj.kk Lohdk:up ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork

lkdkjysyh vkgs-

6- uoksfnr xzkeh.k dohauh yksdokM~%e;kykp ÅtkZLFkku ekuqu uO;kus ys[ku dsrs rj xzkeh.k

lkfgR;kpk izokg vf/kd l”kDr o le/n gksbZy ;kr “kadk ukgh-

lanHkZlqph &lanHkZlqph &lanHkZlqph &lanHkZlqph &

1- vkuan ;kno & xzkeh.krk o okLro

2- tk/ko jk-x- & lkfgR; o lkekftd lanHkZ

3- eqykVs oklqnso & xzkeh.k lkfgR; % Lo:Ik o fodkl

4- x.ks”k ns”keq[k & xzkeh.k lektthou o lkfgR;

5- n-rk-Hkkslys & xzkeh.k lkfgR;% ,d fparu

6- uk-/kks-egkuksj & iGl[ksMph xk.kh

7- baæftr Hkkysjko & vkEgh dkckMkps /kuh

8- y{e.k egkfMd & dq.kC;kph dfork

9- larks’k iokj & fi<hisLrj I;knsekr




75


ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork o d`’kh thouledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork o d`’kh thouledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork o d`’kh thouledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork o d`’kh thou

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- “kjn y{e.k ukxjs “kjn y{e.k ukxjs “kjn y{e.k ukxjs “kjn y{e.k ukxjs

lgk¸;d izk/;kid dyk] okf.kT; vkf.k foKku egkfo|ky;] tOgkj] ft- iky?kj


ejkBh ok³~~e;kP;k le/nhe/;s xzkeh.k lkfgR;kkus fo”ks’k Hkj Vkdysyh vkgs- xzkeh.k

lkfgR; fufeZrhekxs xzkeh.k tk.kho gh vR;ar egRokph vlrs- ;k th.khosrwup xzkeh.k thoukps

iz”u] xzkeh.k ek.klkph lq[k] nq%[ks p<mrkj] fLFkrhxrh] v”kk&vkdka{kk ;kaps izfrfcac xzkeh.k

lkfgR;krwu meVrs- vktP;k ;a=fu’B “kgjh laLdrhis{kk xzkeh.k laLd`rh osxGh vkgs- xzkeh.k

thou df’kfu’B vkgs- d`’kh fulxkZoj voycawu vkgs- d`’kh vkf.k fulxZ ;kaps vrqV ukrs vkgs-

“ksrh&”ksrdjh&fulxZ ;kaP;k ijLij laca/kkaP;k “kks/k xzkeh.k lkfgR; ?ksr vlrs- xzkeh.k

lkfgR;krhy dFkk] dknacjh cjkscjp dfork ;k lkfgR; izdkjke/kwu] xzkeh.k thoukrhy d`’kh

laLdrhps ledkyhu okLrokps fp=.k] xzkeh.k doh vkiY;k dforke/kwu ?kMor vkgsr- fgjO;k

cksyhapk “kCn gksÅu vorj.kkjh gh dfork “ksrh”kh&fulxkZ”kh&HkkoHkkouka”kh ,d:Ik gks.kkjh

dfork ^jkseWafVd^ xzkeh.k Hkkodfork uarj okLroknh >kY;kps fnlwu ;srs- ;ko:u b-l- 1990

Ik;ZarP;k xzkeh.k dforsps cnyrs ^LFkyw Lo:Ik y{kkr ?ksrk ;srs- xzkeh.k dforsP;k izokgkPks VIis

uksnao;kps >kysrj rs vkjaHk rs 1960] 1960 rs 1980 o 1980 rs ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork

Eg.ktsp uOonksRrjh vls djrk ;sbZy- 1990 Ik;Zarph xzkeh.k dfork dkGh o ika<jhps gqands]

osnuk] “kCnc/n dj.kkjh dfork gksrh r”khp rh xzke osnusyk doVG.kkjh caM[kksj dfork vkgs-

rj uOonksRrj dfork gh “ksrh] “ksrdjh] xzkeh.k laLdrh] tkxfrdhdj.k] vkS|ksfxdhdj.k]

[kktxhdj.k] ra=Kku b- lokZaukp dosr ?ks.kkjh v”kh dfork vkgs- gh dfork

lkSan;kZuqHkokcjkscjp Hkh’k.k v”kk OkkLrokpsgh fp=.k djrs- izLrqr “kks/k fuca/kkr ledkyhu

xzkeh.k dforsrwu d`’kh thoukpk “kks/k ?;ko;kpk vkgs- uOonksRrjh xzkeh.k dforpss voykdsu

djrkauk dkgh egRokps lanHkZ y{kkr ;srkr- rs Eg.kts [kktxhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k] tkxfrdhdj.k

;k /kksj.kkapk izHkko lekt thoukr meVyk vkgs- lRkrpk nq’dkG] ukfidh] “ksrhekykyk

gehHkko ulus] dtZcktkjhi.kk ;ke/kwu gksr tk.kkÚ;k “ksrdÚ;kaP;k vkRegR;k igko;kl

feGrkr- rj nqljhdMs foKku] ra=Kkukus dsysY;k izpaM izxrhus xzkeh.k Hkkxkpk cnyysyk

psgjk y{k.kh; vkgs- vkt f”k{k.k [ksM;kikM;kai;Zar iksgkpsys vkgs- Hkz’V O;oLFksr lqf”kf{kr

csdkj r:.kkaps thou xarqkxqqarhps cuys vkgs- rlsp vKku] va/kJ/nk] “kks’k.k] uSjk”; bR;knhaP;k

76



vuq’kaxkus xzkeh.k ek.kwl vLoLFk vkgs- xkoikrGhojhy fuoM.kwdk] jktdkj.k] tkrh;rk]

/kekaZ/krk] gqaMki/nrh] O;luk/khurk] egkxkbZ] fulxkZpk ygjhi.kk] lkodkj”kkgh bR;knh xks’Vhauh

xzkethou <oGwu fu?kkysys fnlwu ;srs- “ksrdjh] “ksretwj] d’Vdjh ek.kwl ;kaP;k iz”ukaph

nkgdrk fnolsafnol ok<r vkgs- ;k lanHkkZr 1990 uarjP;k xzkeh.k lkfgR;kps Lo:Ik Li’V

djrkauk oklqnso eqykaVs Eg.krkr] ^êk.klkps “kks’k.kdrsZ cnyw ykxys vkgsr] fdacgwuk

cnyyssvkgsr-e- QqY;kaP;k dkGkr vl.kkjk “kks’k.koxZ vkrk rso<klk leFkZ jkfgyysk ukgh-

ewGpk [ksMwr] [ksM;krwu vkyysk] ykds”kkghP;k ukok[kkyh jktdkj.k d:u fofo/k lRrkLFkkus]

vFkZLFkkus cGdko.kkjk gk “kks’kd oxZ vkgs- rks vf/kd /kwrZ] vf/kd pk.kk{k vkf.k osGizlaxh

dks.kR;kgh ekxkZpk] uhrh&vuhrhpk voyac dj.kkjk vkgs- ;k uO;k “kks’k.kkdMwu vkiys“kks’k.k]

vkiyh fiGo.kwd Fkkaco.ks gs vf/kd vo?kM vkgs- dkj.k vU;k; dj.kkjk gkp eqGh

“ksrdÚ;kaP;k ?kjkryk vkgs- ?kjkryk ek.kwl tj vU;k; djhr vlsy rj nkn rjh dq.kkiw<s

ekxk;ph\ vkf.k fojks/k rjh dq.kkyk djk;pk\ Lokra«;kuarj Lokra«;kph xksM QGs [kk;yk

feGrhy v”kk Hkzekr vl.kkÚ;k eaMGhpk Hkzefujkl >kyk- vis{kkHkax >kyysk gksrk Lokra«;ksRrj

dkGkr tUeysyh o rk:.;kr inkiZ.k dsysyh fi<h csdkj cuuw fn”kkghu voLFksr fQjr gksrh

;k mnzsdkpk Loj b-l- 1975 uarjP;k xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr meV wykxyk vkf.k vkrk b-l-

1990&92 P;k dkGkrhy xzkeh.k lkfgR;kus xkafaHk;kZus fonzksgkpk lwj vkGok;yk lq:okr dsyh

vkgs- ^^vkrk jku isVwu mBys vkgs *- uOonksRrjh ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsr ;k ledkyhu iz”ukaps

izfrfcac vk<Grs- ;k ik”oZHkwehoj xzkeh.k doh vkiy svuqHko “kCnkafdr djhr vkgsr- ns”kkyk

Lokra«; feGwu 60&65 o’kkZi{skk tkLr dkyko/kh >kyk ijraq d`f’kiz/kku ns”kkpk [kjk

izfrfu/kh&vk/kkj vlyYs;k “ksrdÚ;kph ifjfLFkrh ek= lq/kkjyh ukgh- myV rh fnolsafnol

fc?kMr pkyyh vkgs- “ksrdjh ,dhdMs nq’dkGklkj[;k uSlfXkZd ladVkyk rksMa nsr vk;q’;

dk<rks vkgs- rj nqlÚ;k cktwyk “kklu vkf.k jkT;drZs R;kP;kckcr] R;kP;k Hk;kog

ifjfLFkrhckcr mnkflu jkgwu uqlrs lRrsps [ksG [ksGrkgsr vls fnlrs- vkiyk LokFkZ

lk/k.;kP;k iz;Rukr rs T;kaps izfrfuf/kRo “kklu njckjh djrkr] R;kaukp rs foljys vkgsr-

v”kk ifjfLFkrhr “ksrdÚ;kph ?kqleV ok<yh- R;kyk vlqjf{krrk vkf.k vlgk¸;rk izd’kkZus

tk.kow ykxyh- lxGsp jLrs t.kw can >kys] gh xqnej Fkkaco.;klkBh R;kyk ,dp ekXkZ [kqyk

vlY;kpk fnlw ykxyk] rks Eg.kts vkRegR;k dj.;kpk- v”kh vkRegR;k dj.;ki;Zar

“ksrdÚ;koj osGp dk ;koh\ ;k iz”ukapk os/k banzftr Hkkysjko ;kauh ^Vkgks ¼2004½ ;k vkiY;k

dkO; laxzgkrwu ?ksryk vkgs- rs Eg.krkr] ^Ål ykoY;k jkukr] tsOgk fidyk dkÅl lkG

iksVÚ;kr vkyh] vkf.k lqdyk ikÅl Vkgks QksMyk ckikua] ;kp njhr fojyk vkRegR;spk

igkM] R;kP;k iksVkr f”kjyk^ fulxkPZ;k vodìseqGs eukph lxGh xf.kr pqdyh- dtkZpk Mksxaj




77


dlk mrjk;pk] fuR;kph csxeh d”kh pkyok;ph] eqykaph f”k{k.ka] yXu] diMkyRrk] ,d fd nksu

vuar iz”ukauh xzLr >kyYs;k “ksrdÚ;kyk ekxZ lkiMrks rks ljG e`R;qyk doVkG.;kpk- tks ns”k

d`’khiz/kku ns”k Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkrks R;k ns”kkph fLFkrh] ^dq.kC;kP;k jDrkua ek[kyh ukgh v”kh

tkxk jk[kyh ukgh Hkkjr ekrsua vls >kys vlrkauk dohyk iz”u iMrks dh] ;k ns”kkpa jk’Vªxhr

Eg.kkoa vkf.k Hkkjrekrsyk oanu rjh dk djkoa \ banzftr HkkysjkokaP;k ;kgh dforse/kwu xzkeh.k d’kh

thoukps okLrokps nkgd n”kZu ?kMrs- ûkaxj^ ¼1991½ o ^lqj tqGyk ekrh”kh^ ¼2003½ ;k nksu dkO;

laxzgke/kwu “kadj ns”keq[k ckjMdj ;kauh “ksrf”kokjkrhy fulxZ “ksrdÚ;kP;k euk”kh dlk ,d:Ik

>kyk vkgs- ;kps fp=.k R;kaph dfork djrs- R;kP;k dforsrwu “ksrdÚ;kph n;uh; voLFkk O;Dr

gksrs- ek;] ckiw o ekrh”kh beku jk[k.kkjk gk doh okLrokps Hkku Bsowu d`’kdkP;k thokuqHkwrh vkiY;k

useD;k “kCnkr O;Dr djrks- vfro’Vh] vo’kZ.k o ygjh ikÅl ;kaP;k foG[;kr lkiMyYs;k

“ksrdÚ;kaps nhuok.ks fp= “kCnc/n djrkuk doh “ksrdÚ;kaP;k dFkk] osnuspk] nkfjnz;kpk vky[sk

js[kkVrks-

^d<okgh^ ¼1988½] ^vkHkkG ekrh^ ¼1993½] Êkkrh cksys xqt^ ¼1998½ ;k dkO; laxzgkrwu “kadj

okMsokys;kauh “ksrdÚ;kaph n;uh; voLFkk gks.;kl dkj.khHkr vl.kkjs?kVd Eg.kts okjk] mUg] ikÅl

o vo?kk fulxZ] lkodkj] O;kikjh] jktdkj.kh eaMGh ;kaps vusd lanHkZ R;kaP;k ;k vkRekfo’dkjh

dforrswu ;rskr-

^tho thokpk lkscrh] R;kyk thokpkp yGk

Ek; fuanrk f”kokj] gksbZ tho ykGsk xksGk^

“ksrdjh irh&iRuhauk djkos ykx.kkjs d’V vkf.k ;k d’Vkph rs lgt lkaxwu tkrkr- lgtrk

gs R;kP;k dforsps egRokps oSf”k’V; vkgs- d’kd thoukrhy vusd injh nq%[k rs vR;ar ekstD;k]

ijraq izR;;dkjh Hkk’ksr O;Dr djrkr- xzkeh.k dkO;izokgkrhy ,d osxGs oG.k ;k n’Vhus ;sFks y{kkr

;srs- R;kph dfork eukyk Hkkors vls ukgh( rj okpdkyk vLoLFk dj.;kps lkeF;Zgh frP;kr vkgs-

d`’kd thoukrhy dMoV vuqHko ;k dforsrwu O;Dr gksr vlys rjh R;krwu mj cMosi.kk eqGhp

tk.kor ukgh- fu[kG xzkeh.k cksyhrwu lkdkj.kkjh dfork xzkeh.k thoukph ukG tksM.kkjh vkgs-

“kadj okMsokys;kaP;k dforsP;k lanHkkZr MkW- vkuan ;kno Eg.krkr] ^^rqeP;k xzkeh.k dforsyk

yksdxhrkph /kwu vkgs- dfores/;s Qkj FkksMD;kr rqEgh Qkj eksBk Hkkok”k; idMrkr rs rqeP;k

dforasp oSf”k’V; vkgs- rqeP;k fi<hdMwu ek÷;k [kqi ok³e;hu vis{kk vkgsr- R;kaph rqeP;kd<wu

iwrZrk gksbZy ;kph [kk=h vkgs- ;k fi<hrhy rqEgh Lor% fcuhps doh vkgkr- rqEgh ekrhoj eukiklwu

izse dj.kkjs Hkwfeiw= doh vkgkr-^^

f”kokth ejxhG gs ejkBokM;krhy doh ^dkGhek;^ ¼1993½ vkf.k ^xkodGk^ ¼2000½ gs R;kaps

nksu dkO;laxzg izfl/n vkgsr- R;kP;k dforsrwu lxGa vk;q’; “ksrh djrk djrk ekrhr ?kky.kkÚ;k

dq.kC;kpa ôkojkrya tx^ R;k txkrya QkVda rqVda tx.ka] R;k tx.;kryh dsfoyok.kh /kMiM]

78



R;kP;k iksVkps vkf.k okfgrhrY;k tehuhps ts dohP;k eukr nMwu clysys vlrkr R;kyk doh

“kCnc/n djrks- ^vksl >kY;k fn”kk^ ¼1996½] o ûkax:u iMysya “krd^ ¼2003½ ;k jes”k fpYys ;kaP;k

dkO; laxzgkrwu xzkeh.k L=hP;k okV;kyk ;s.kkjs nq%[k Hkksx vxfrdrk rlsp u’V gks.kkÚ;k xzkeh.k

laLdrhph vkBo.kgh d:u nsrs-

^cfGoar^ ¼1997½ o ^vk’kk<ekrh^¼2004½ gs vHkxa Nankr fyfgysys egRokps ejkBh xkzeh.k doh Eg.kts

Jhdkar ns”keq[k- R;kph dfork vR;ar dlnkj] nenkj o izR;dkjh xzkeh.k thoukap fp=.k dj.kkjh

vkgs- rlsp y{e.k egkfMd ;kaP;k ^dq.kC;kph dfork^ ¼2003½ e/khy xzkeokLro fo”ks’k y{kos/kh vkgs-

;k lanHkkZr uk-/kks- egkuksjkauh R;kaP;k dfors fo’k;h osxGsi.k uksna foukrk Eg.krkr] ^^[ksM;kP;k

thoukyk cjs fnol gksrs] ;k ngk&ohl o’kkZr [kwi [kwi cnyys ik.kh&ikolkps] u{k=kaps vksgksG

vkHkkGkrp u’V gksr pkyys vkgs rs vosGh] udks R;kosGh] udks rls] “ksrhpa lxGa laiUUki.kkua mHka

jkg.kap laiy- lalkj vo?;k nq%[kkauh dkGoVwu os<yk tkrks vkgs- R;kph gh dfork vkgs-^^

fu’d’kZ %fu’d’kZ %fu’d’kZ %fu’d’kZ %

1- dsOgkrjh xzkeh.k thoukpa d`f=e o ojojpa fp= js[kkV.kkjh xzkeh.k dfork vkt xzkeh.k

thoukrhy lw{e cny] rk.kr.kko o uouohu iz”u ;kap okLoooknh n”kZu ?kMfor vkgs-

vk”k;&fo’k;kP;k n’Vhus rj frP;kr oSfo/; ;srsp vkgs- i.k “kCn] y;] rky ;kapa Hkku Bsowu rh

vorjrs vkgs- jfld eukyk vareqZ[k djrs vkgs-

2- d`’kh thoukrhy nSU;] nkfjnz;] vKku] “kks’k.k O;Dr d:up ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork Fkkacr

ukgh] rj R;kekxhy dkj.kkapk “kks/k ?ksÅu R;koj Ik;kZ; izkIr dj.;kpk fopkj ;k dkGkrhy

dforrswu izxVrks-

3- ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork dekyhph vkReeXu vkgs- r”kh rh dekyhph lkekftd nq%[k

ekaM.kkjh leqgkph dfork vkgs-

4- tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k izfdz;sr xzkeh.k Hkkxkr ?kMysY;k HkkSfrd] ekufld cnykaps fp=.k gh

dfork djrs-

llllanHkZ %anHkZ %anHkZ %anHkZ %

1- laik- nsojs yhykorh] uOonksRrjh ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR;% izk- MkW- dSykl lkosZdj

Lerh&xkSjoxzaFk] iz”kkar ifCyds”kUl] tGxko izFkeko`Rrh] 2017

2- MkW- eqykVs oklqnso] xzkeh.k lkfgR;% fparu vkf.k ppkZ] Lo:Ik izdk”ku] vkSjaxkckn izFkekoRrh]

2005

3- laik- ixkjs e-lq-] xzkeh.k&nfyr lkfgR;kpk vuqc/ak] fnyhijkt izdk”ku] iq.ks] izFkekoRrh] 2010

4- laik- baxksys d`’.kk] xzkeh.k lkfgR; vkf.k okLro] Lusgo/kZu izdk”ku] iq.ks] izFkekoRrh] 2011




79


ejkBh xzkeh.k dforkejkBh xzkeh.k dforkejkBh xzkeh.k dforkejkBh xzkeh.k dfork

izkizkizkizk---- fouksn egknw dsnkjs fouksn egknw dsnkjs fouksn egknw dsnkjs fouksn egknw dsnkjs

lgk- izk/;kid] ejkBh foHkkx dyk] foKku o okf.kT; egkfo|ky; lqjxk.kk] rk lqjxk.kk ft ukf”kd-

izkLrkfodizkLrkfodizkLrkfodizkLrkfod

vk/kqfud ejkBh lkfgR;ke/;s fofo/k izokg fuekZ.k >kys vlY;kps vki.kkl fnlwu ;srs

vkf.k ;k fofo/k lkfgR;izokgkauh ejkBh lkfgR;kyk le`n~/k dsys vkgs- ejkBh lkfgR;kr veqykxz

cny ?kMowu vk.kys- ;keqGs ,dw.kp ejkBh lkfgR; fodflr gks.;kl enr >kyh- nfyr

lkfgR;] xzkeh.k lkfgR;] yksdlkfgR;] L=h&oknh lkfgR;] vkfnoklh lkfgR; ;k loZ izokgkauh

ejkBh lkfgR;kl ;”kkP;k map f”k[kjkoj iksgpoys-

xzkeh.k ok³~e;kpk izokg rlk ejkBh lkfgR;krhy izeq[k izokg vkgs- R;kpk izoklgh nh?kZ

Lo#ikpk vkgs- ejkBh lkfgR;kl uopSrU; ns.;kps dke ;k izokgkus dsys- xzkfe.k lkfgR;krwu

loZp izdkjps ys[ku >kY;kps vki.kkl fnlrs- xzkeh.k dFkk] xzkeh.k dknacjh] xzkeh.k dfork

bR;knhaps foiwy ys[ku xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr >kys vkgs- xzkeh.k lkfgR;kph leh{kk ikfgts rso<h

>kyh ukgh] tso<h Ogko;kl ikfgts gksrh- xzkeh.k dFkk ys[ku] dknacjh ys[ku vkf.k dfork

ys[ku ;k lkfgR;kr foiqy izek.kkr >kys vkgs vkf.k gksr vkgs- 1920 uarj laiw.kZ egkjk’Vªkr

egkRek xka/khP;k xzkeoknh fopkjkaps okjs tksekus okgw ykxys- R;kps iMlkn lkfgR;{ks=krgh

iMys-R;kps BGd mnkgj.k lkaxk;ps >kys rj] ^jfofdj.k^ eaMGkrhy vkf.k brj dohauh

fyfgysyh tkuin dfork-

vki.k bFks izkeq[;kus ejkBh xzkeh.k dforspk fopkj dj.kkj vkgksr-

ejkBhxzkeh.k dfork&ejkBhxzkeh.k dfork&ejkBhxzkeh.k dfork&ejkBhxzkeh.k dfork&

xzkeh.k dfork Eg.kts xzkeh.k cksyhHkk’ksrwu fyfgysyh dh] xzkeh.k lanHkZ fVi.kkjh] xzkeh.k

thouk”k; izdV dj.kkjh dfork] vlk iz”u mifLFkr dsyk tkrks- vusd lfe{kdkauh ;k

lanHkkZr ers ekaMysyh fnlrkr- [ksM;krhy xzkethou gsp xzkeh.kdforsps eq[; fo’k; vkgsr-

xzkeh.k dforse/;s yksdkaps fp=.k vkf.k xzkeh.k laosnu”khyrk vlrs-d`f’kthou] “ksrdjh]

“ksrdÚ;kaP;k vMp.kh] #<h] ijaijk] laLdkj] R;kaph lq[k % nq[ks] xzkeh.k laLdrh ;kapk lekos”k

xzkeh.k dforsr gksr vlrks- ejkBhe/;s xzkeh.k dforsph lqjokr Hkk- jk- rkacs ;kauh dsysyh vkgs

vls EgVys tkrs- rFkkfi vlk usedsi.kkus mYys[k dj.ks /kkMlkps Bjrs- Hkk- jk- rkacs ;kauh

^xqjk[;kps xk.ks gh dfork fyfgyh- xqjk[kh QDr [ksM;kr vlrks- “kgjkr xqjk[kh jkgr ukgh-

80



xqjk[;kP;k Hkkolaosnuk ;k xzkethoukrhy vlrkr- ^ nq’dkGkrhy lqdkG^ ukokph dforkgh

R;kauh fygyh vkgs- ;k nksUgh dforkae/kqu tkuin dforsP;k ikÅy[kq.kk vk<Grkr- R;keqGs

ifgys xzkeh.k doh Eg.kwu Hkk- jk- rkacs ;kaP;k ukokpk mYys[k djkok ykxrks- R;kauarj doh

panz”ks[kj ;kaP;k xzkeh.k dforspk “kks/k ykxrks-

tkuin dforsps izfrfuf/kd n”kZu x- y- <ksdG laikfnr ^lqxh^ 1933 ;k dforklaxzgkr

?kMrkauk fnlrs- lnj dkGkr tkuin dkO; brD;k oSiqY;kus fyfgys xsys dh] R;kps

izkfrfuf/kd n”kZu ?kMfo.kkjk ,[kknk dforklaxzg fu?k.ks gh rkRdkfyu Okk³~e;hu xjt gksrh

vls Eg.kkos ykxsy- ^lqxh^ e/khy dforkapk fopkj djrkauk vki.kkl vk<Gwu ;srs dh] doh

fxjh”k] ;”koar g;k dohauh tkuin dforsrgh izsekuqHkokapk vfo’dkj dj.;koj Hkj nsrkauk

fnlrkr- tkuin xhrkaP;k ik”oZHkwehoj doh fxjh”kkaph jpuk vk<Grs- ^Hkyjh^ ukokps

dkO;larks’k xhr fyfgysys vkgs- doh ;”koarkauh îzsekph nkSyr^ gh dfork fyfgyh vkgs- ^dk;

gks peRdkj^ ph jpuk doh panz”ks[kj ;kauh dsyh-

1920 uarjP;k dkGkr dkgh izek.kkr xzkeh.k dfork fyfgyh tkr gksrh vls EgVys

tkrs- ijarq dfoo;Z ds”kolqrkaP;k dforkaps fujh{k.k dsY;kl R;k vk/khp R;kaph xzkeh.k dfork

mn;kl ;sr gksrh- R;k vxksnj doh êk/kokuqt^ ;kaph dfork xzkeh.k laosnukaps n”kZu ?kMo.kkjh

gksrh- doh ek/kokuqt ;kaph use.kwd oS| Eg.kwu nq’dkGh Hkkxkr >kyh- R;keqGs [ksM;krhy

yksdkaps thou [kqi toGwu vuqHkoys- R;kaP;k ;kruk doh vkiY;k dforkae/;s ekaMrkauk

fnlrkr- ^ nxM QksMrkauk ^ ;k dforsr doh ek/kokuwt fyfgrkr-

iVdu nxMk QwV QwV QwV -------------------

fdrh dqVw eh rqt dqV dqV dqV

v”kh okLro o eukyk fHkM.kkjh dfork doh ek/kokuqt ;kauh fygyh-

x- g- ikfVy ;kapk ^jkutkbZ 1934 gk dforklaxzg ^lqxh^ ikBksikBp izfl/n >kyk- ;k

dforklaxzgkrhy dforkrwu “kgjh thou vkf.k [ksM;krhy thou ;kapk ikoyksikoyh mYys[k

gksrks- dfoeukyk xzkethoukph vks< vusd dforkrwu O;Dr gksrkauk fnlrs- ;k lanHkkZr R;kaP;k

^fyacksG;k^ dforsPkk vkoZtwu mYys[k ;sFks djkok ykxsy- ;kuarj fopkj djkok ykxrks rks

ehBHkkdj^ ;k dforklaxzgkpk- R;krhy dfork xzkeh.k thoukpk okLro vuqHko vki.kkl nsrs-

BksdGkojhy jfofdj.k eaMGkpk izHkko Li’V vkgs- rFkkfi vk”k;nzO;kP;k LkPpsi.kkpk fopkj

djrk R;kaph dfork tkuin dforsP;k e;kZnk vksykaMw ikgrs- BksdGkauh xzkeh.k ek.klkyk cksyrs

dsys vkgs gs R;kaP;k dforsps eq[; oSf’k’V;s vkgs- R;kaP;k êksVojya xk.k^] ^tkR;kojy xk.ka ]

^xfjchpk lalkj^ v”kk dkgh fuoMd dfork y{k.kh; vkgs-




81


1941 e/;s ds- ukj[ksMs ;kaph ^ f”kokj ^ e/kyh dfork jfofdj.k eaMGkP;k dforsis{kk Qkj”kh

osxGh ulY;kps vki.kkl fnlqu ;srs- isj.kh] fouo.kh] xqjk[kh /kkU; ?kjkr ;s.;kP;k fnolkr

lkodkjkph tIrh vkysY;k “ksrdÚ;kaph gyk[kh o.kZu dj.kkjh ^ R;k “ksrdÚ;kph fnokGh ^ ;k

lkj[;k dforkarqu “ksrdjh thoukps nq% [k fpf=r dsys vkgs- dkgh dforkrqu iz.k;izlaxkps

fp=.k ;srs- Û;kgjh^ e/kyk “ksrdjh MksbZojY;k lkoY;k fQjY;k rjh ikukoj BsoysY;k

HkkdjhdMs ikg.;k,soth mUgkus iRuhP;k xkykoj cgjysY;k xqykckdMs ikg.;krp eXu vkgs-

rks Eg.krks]

tksojh vkyh uOgrhl xMs

Hkqdsus fiGoVys vkrMs

Rkku&Hkqd gjyh Ck?krk jk.khdMs

R;kpcjkscj dkgh dforkrwu ukj[ksM;kauh [kkuns”kh xzkeh.k thoukps n”kZu ?kMoys vkgs-

Ukk- ?k- ns”kikaMs ;kauh tkuin dforsps csax#Gi.k ?kkyowu [kÚ;k “ksreG;kr vk.kwu

lksMys o xkojku lkSan;Z cgky dsys- yksoysdj vYi dkGkr ej.k ikoys vkf.k ;kp fBdk.kh

xzkeh.k dforspk izokg [kafMr >kY;kps vki.kkl fnlrs- 1952 e/;s cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh ;kaph

^cfg.kkckbZaph xk.kh^ leksj vkyh- rsOgk vkMjkukr eksgjkapk gaMk lkiMkok rlk ejkBh okpd

gj[kqu xsY;kps fnlrs- cfg.kkckbZaph dfork ckGcks/k Lo#ikph uOgrh] ijarw lk/kh] lksih

uDdhp gksrh- ^cfg.kkckbZaph xk.kh^ gk dforklaxzg R;kaP;k fu/kukuarj okpdkaleksj vkyk vkgs-

R;kaP;k dfork ,d ekSY;oku ns.kxh vkgsr- êu^ ] êk.kwl^] ^nso^ ] êkgsj^ ] îks;k^ ] ôkVaP;k

okljk^ ] ^vkyh ia<jhph okjh^ v”kk vusd dfork cfg.kkckbZP;k dfoeukph lk{k nsrkr-

îksGk^ g;k l.kkyk xzkethoukr vfr”k; egRokps LFkku vkgs- dkj.k cSykP;k thokojp

“ksrdjh “ksrh djr vlrks- iksGk ;k l.kkP;k fufeRrkus cSykaP;k lanHkkZr cfg.kkckbZauh iq<hy

dfork fyfgyh vkgs-

ô<s ukxj o[kj

ugh d’Vkys x.krh

ihd “ksrdÚ;kP;k gkrh

;kp thokoj “ksrh

udk gsaMkyq cSykys

ek>a ,sd js tjkl

Ogrs vkiyh gkSl

vku cSykys rjkl

82



vkt iqtk js cSykys

QsMk midkjkps ns.k

cSy [kjk rq>k l.k

“ksrdÚ;k rq> fjua

cSy Eg.kts “ksrdÚ;kalkBh lq[k&le`/nh vk.kqu ns.kkjk [ksM;kryk ,d egRoiq.kZ izk.kh

gks;- Eg.kwu îksGk^ ;k l.kkP;k fufeRrkus R;k iqtys ikfgts v”kh cfg.kkckbZph Hkwfedk vkgs-

;kp dkGkr ejkBh lkfgR;kr izknsf”kd vkf.k xzkeh.k dFkkRed lkfgR;kph fufeZrh

eksB;k izek.kkr lq# vlY;kph vki.kkl fnlrs- xzkeh.k lkfgR;kP;k HkjHkjkVhP;k dkGkr

xzkeh.kdforsPkk izokg ek= dqaBhr >kysyk gksrk- 1955 uarjP;k dkGkr vkuan ;kno ;kaP;k

lkj[;k dohus vkiys xzkeh.k vuqHkofo”o dforsP;k ek/;ekrwu vfo’dr dsys- R;kaP;k dFkk

^vfHk#ph^ ] ^lR;dFkk^] ;k fu;rdkfydkrqu izfl/n gksÅ ykxY;k vkf.k iqUgk ,dnk lPph

xzkeh.k dfork vorjY;kph pkgwy ykxyh- Lokra=ksRrj dkGkrhy xzkeh.k dforspk fopkj

izkeq[;kus vkuan ;kno ;kaP;k ^fgjos tx^ 1960 iklwu lq# djkok ykxrks- 1955 rs 1960 ;k

dkGkr fyfgY;k xsysY;k dfork ladfyr dj.;kr vkY;k vkgr- “ksretqjkps thou ;knokaP;k

dforsr dsanzLFkkuh vkgs- mnkgj.kkFkZ ^ckbZek.kwl^] ^vkiy vkiw.kp tik;pa ] ;k dforkrwu

“ksrdjh nkEiR;kpk ,sssssdesdkafo’k;hpk ftOgkGk O;Dr gksrks- ^ ekrh gs /ku vLr;^ ;k dfore/;s

vkuan ;kno fygrkr-

^Mksaxjkr vkepk ns”k vlrks;

;k Mksaxjkykch nxMkp eu vlra;]

gs eu Qqyforkauk vkeh ekrhr tkrks;

ij ekrhr xsyks rjh ekrh gs /ku vlr;a

vkuan ;kno ;kauh ekrh vkf.k MksaxjklanHkkZr Hkkoqd Hkkouk O;Dr dsY;kps fnlrs-

;k xzkeh.k dsforsP;k izokgkr iq<s iq#’kksRre ikVhy] uk- /kks- egkuksj] foBBy ok?k]

,dukFk ns’keq[k] ;kaph dfork Lora= vfHkO;Drh gksÅu vorjyh- uk- /kks- egkuksj ;kaph dfork

xkokis{kk “ksrkr vkf/kd jeyh vkf.k vfHkO;DrhP;k ckcrhr ukxj vfH#phyk lq[kfo.kkÚ;k

jkseWafVd Hkk’kkfoyklkdMs vf/kd >qdyh- “kadj cMs rlsp foBBy ok?k ;kaP;k dforsr xzkeh.k

cksyhpk ckt thoukuqHkokyk vLlyrsps ifjek.k izkIr d#u ns.kkjk BjY;kps fnlrs- ;kp

dkGkr e/kqdj ika<js ukokpk xzkeh.k doh [ksMsxkokr jkgqu dkO;jpuk djrkauk fnlrks- iz- Jh-

pkS/kjh ;kauhgh “ksretqjkpa thou vkiY;k dforkrqu vfo’d`r dsys-

1960 uarj tlk nfyr pGoGhus tksj /kjyk] R;kpizek.ks 1975 uarj xzkeh.k

lkfgR;kP;k izokgkus pGoGhps Lo#i /kkj.k dsys- nfyr lkfgR;kP;k ikBksikB mn;kl vkysyh




83


egkjk’VªkP;k lkaLd`frd thoukrhy gh ,d egRokph ?kVuk gks;- FkksMD;kr xzkeh.k lkfgR; gk

Lora=i.ks fopkjkr ?ks.;ktksxk lkfgR;izokg ekuyk tkÅ ykxyk- gh ik”oZHkqeh y{kkr ?ksrY;kuarj

1975 uarjP;k xzkeh.k dforspk fopkj dj.ks la;qfDrd Bjsy-

taxy>Mh 1982 ;k mRre dksGxkodj ;kaP;k dforklaxzgkrwu nkfjnz; vkf.k O;lukf/kursus

xzklysyk “ksrdjh vkiY;k leksj mHkk jkgrks- ^lka/kk fu[kGysys gkr^ ;k dforsrhy “ksrdjh cki

jk=afnu d’V d#u lkodkjkps ?kj Hkjrks vkf.k Qkanh rqVY;klkj[kk yksacdGr ?kjh ;srks- vls

Hkkoukfoo”k fp=.k R;kaph dfork d#u tkrs- 1972 e/;s ,dukFk ns”keq[k ;kapk ^vksG[kh vuksG[kh^

gk dforklaxzg vkyk- ns”keq[k gs xzkeh.k ekrhrwu vkysys doh vkgsr- R;kaP;k dforke/kwu xzkeh.k

thoukps laiw.kZ vuqHkofo”o vki.kkl fnlrs- 1981 e/;s x.ks”k dqGs ;k xzkeh.k dfousgh ^vkHkkGkpa

nku^ gk dfork laxzg izfl/n dsyk- 1981 e/;sp “kke dqyd.khZ ;kauh ^xoG.kh^ gk laxzg izdkf”kr

dsyk- ^>ksG.kk^ gk dforklaxzg ljksftuh ckcj ;kp dkGkr izdkf”kr >kyk- R;kr [ksM;krhy

d’Vdjh ejkBeksG;k L=hps o.kZu vkgs- ^jkuHkSjh^ gk ukjk;.k lqear ;kapk dforklaxzg vkgs- êk<k ,d

lanHkZ ;k dforse/;s nq’dkGkps o.kZu vlqu R;kr R;kauh “ksrdÚ;kaph ekufldrk fpf=r dsyh vkgs-

fuGdaB egktu ;kauh ns[khy xzkeh.k dfork fyfgY;k vkgsr- fuGdaB egktu ^ gk ?kksMk] gs

eSnku ^ ;k dforsr fyfgrkr-

eyk ;k “kgjkr

tkLr osG jkgor ukgh js

ekÖ;k vkBo.khus O;kdqG gksrkr

xkokdMY;k jkukr >js

ukenso dkacGs ;kapk ^vdfYir^ ukokpk dforklaxzg vkgs R;kr R;kauh ^x<hojps >kM^ g;k

dforse/;s [ksM;kph nqjoLFkk rj ^“ksrdÚ;kP;k iksVh^ ;k dforse/;s “ksrdÚ;kph Hk.kax voLFkk fpf=r

dsyh vkgs- ;k dforse/;s ukenso dkacGs fyfgrkr

fg dk; >od iqnkd ykxyh ekxa \

ns.ksdjh /kj.kks /k#ulU;k

clrkr nkjkoj

“ksrdÚ;kP;k iksVh tUe ?ks.ks dkeh fdrh nq%[knk;d vlrsgs R;kauh ekfeZdi.ks vkiY;k

dforsrqu fpf=r dsys vkgs-

ôtz vkf.k ukaxj^ ;k dforsr lq/kkdj xk;/kuh fparu”khyrsP;k ikrGho#u “ksrdÚ;kps iz”u

mn~?kksf’kr djrkr- ;k dforsr xk;/kuh fyfgrkr-

^T;kua ekrhrqu vkiY;klkBh

jkrfnl Hkkdjh milY;k

R;kP;k dkGtkP;k Hksxk

84



lkaxk dks.ka dks.ka riklY;k-^

gh dfork “ksrdÚ;kyk fonzksgkph izsj.kk nsrs- mRre “ksrh] e/;e O;kikj gh Eg.k “ksrdÚ;kph

FkVV~k djrs v”kh dohph /kkj.kk vkgs- m’kk Hkkysjko ;kapk ^jku dkeq.;k^ gk dforklaxzg 1986 e/;s

izdkf”kr >kyk- fulxZ vkf.k “ksrhrhy lanHkkZlg iz.k;kph /kqanh js[kkVrkauk R;k Eg.krkr-

^mleG;kP;k okVsua

euh dkgqj nkVy

rqÖ;k pkgqyhua jk;k

nsgh xqÚgkG isVya-^

m’kk HkkysjkokaP;k dforkauk y; vkgs vkf.k xzkethoukps lanHkZgh vkgs- ;k[ksjht HkkLdj c<s]

yfyrk xkxns] vkck x.kirh] Jhdkar ns”keq[k] jes”k fpYYks] t;jke [ksMsdj] egknso rqis] Hkkjr

lkriqrs v”kk vusd dohapk mYys[k dj.ks mfpr Bjsy- ojhy loZ xzkeh.k doh fu;rdkfydkrqu

fu;fer dkO;jpuk djr vkgs- ,s”o;Z okVsdj lkj[ks doh lkrR;kus xzkeh.k dforkaph fuehZrh djr

vkgs-

lekjksi&lekjksi&lekjksi&lekjksi&

v”kk izdkjs xzkeh.k doh vktgh eksB;k izek.kkr xzkeh.k dkO;kph fufeZrh djhr vkgs- xzkeh.k

doh “kgjkr tkowu tjh jkgw ykxyk rjh xzkeh.k dohaph ukG dforkaP;k ek/;ekrwu xzkeh.k thouk”kh

tksMysyh vkgs- cnyR;k ifjfLFkrhyk /khVi.ks lkeksjk tkr vktpk xzkeh.k doh dkO;ys[ku djrkauk

fnlr vkgs- vkiY;kyk vkysY;k xzkeh.k vuqHkoka”kh izkekf.kd jkgqu xzkeh.k dkO;fufeZrh djhr vkgs-

dkgh xzkeh.k doh rj xzkeh.k Hkkxkr jkgwu xzkeh.k thouk”kh lejl gksÅu dkO;fufeZrh djr vkgs-

R;kP;koj dkgh izek.kkr “kgjh okrkoj.kkpk izHkko iMY;kps vki.kkl fnlwu ;srks- lkgftdp vls

?kM.ks LoHkkfodp vkgs- xzkeh.k] nfyr] ekLdZoknh ;k lkfgR;izokgkeqGs ejkBh lkfgR;kl ,d

uolaftouh feGkyh vkgs- ejkBh lkfgR;kpk fodkl dj.;kl gs lkfgR;izokg eksykph Hkwfedk ctkor

vkgs- xzkeh.k dfork fnolsafnol fodflr gksr xsY;kps fnlrs- 1960 uarj xzkeh.k dforsyk [kÚ;k

vFkkZus cgj >kY;kps vki.kkl fnlrs- 1980 P;k n”kdkuarj banzftr Hkkysjko] Hkkjr lkriqrs]

jktuxol bR;knh vusd dohauh xzkeh.k ejkBh dfork le/n dj.;kpk izkHkkfod Ikz;Ru dsY;kps

fnlwu ;srs vkf.k ,d fnolgsp xzkeh.k doh ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsyk ;”kkps mapf”k[kj izkIr d#u

nsrhy-

lanHkZxzaFk&lanHkZxzaFk&lanHkZxzaFk&lanHkZxzaFk&

1- ;kno vkuan % xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo#i vkf.k lEkL;k-

2- BksdG x- y- % f”kokj

3- MkW- ixkjs e- lq- % xzkeh.k lkfgR;

4- uyxs panzdqekj % xzkeh.k ok³e;kpk bfrgkl




85


lllledkyhu lkfgR;edkyhu lkfgR;edkyhu lkfgR;edkyhu lkfgR;: izsj.kk o Lo:i izsj.kk o Lo:i izsj.kk o Lo:i izsj.kk o Lo:i

izk+izk+izk+izk+---- JherhJherhJherhJherh---- lqfurk mQkMslqfurk mQkMslqfurk mQkMslqfurk mQkMs

deZZohj x.kir nknk eksjs dyk okf.kT; o foKku egkfon+;ky;- fuQkM

समकाल�न सा�ह�य �हणज काय \\\\

ledkyhu lkfgR; Eg.kts ts lkfgR; vkiY;k dkGkcjkscj vkgs- T;k dkGkr rs fuekZ.k

gksr vlrs- R;k dkGkps izfrfcac R;kr vkgs- R;k dkGkrhy fopkj] tkf.ko] ers T;k lkfgR;krqu

O;Dr gksrkr- vls lkfgR; gks;- gs lkfgR; vkiY;k dkGk”kh vkf.k R;k dkGkrhy ifjfLFkrh”kh

toGps ukrs lkaxrs ;k dkGkr ?kMysY;k ?kVukaps iMlkn ;k lkfgR;krqu meVrkr- g;k

dkGkrhy ekuokP;k bPNk vkdka{kk] iz;Ru] vlgk;rk] ijkHko osnuk] fonzksg] LoIus bR;knhpk

izkekf.kd vfo’dkj lkfgR;krqu gksrks- R;keqGs R;kyk ledkyhu lkfgR; EgVys tkrs- ejkBhrhy

1945 rs 1960 vkf.k 1960 rs 1985 ;k dky[kaMkrhy lkfgR;kpk ledkyhu EgVys tkrs-

Lokar++=; lkfgR; vkf.k Lokra=+;ksrj lkfgR; vls nksu foHkkx gksmwu ledkyhu Eg.kts

Lokra=+;ksrj lkfgR;kpk vkjaHk 1945 iklwu ekuyk tkrks- ejkBh cjkscjp brj Hkkjrh;

Hkk’kkae/kqugh ;kp lqekjkl uos ys[ku izfl) gksÅ ykxys- R;k lkfgR;ke/kqu izxrh”khy

iqjksxkeh tkf.kos cjkscjp iz;ksx ”khyrspkgh vfo’dkj fnlwu ;srks-

ledkyhu thoukrhy fofo/k leL;k iz”u] dkyfo’k;d Hkkx ;q)ksrj fLFkrh ;kacjkscjp

lkfgR;fo’k;d uO;k fopkjkapkgh izHkko Hkkjrh; lkfgR;koj iMysyk fnlrks- ledkyhurse/;s

rRdkyhdrspk lanHkZ egRokps okVrkr- dkgh “kk”or iz”u] lukru leL;k vlrkr- ekuokph

fLFkrh] ekuokph fu;rh ;kafo’k;hps rs iz”u vlrkr-

समकाल�न सा�ह�याच �व�प व �रणा

1945 uarjP;k lkfgR;klkBh ^ledkyhu^ gk “kCn okijyk tkrks- nqljs tkxfrd ;q)]

Hkkjrkps Lokar=+; g;k xks’VhaeqGs 1945 gk vkjaHkfcanq ekuyk xsyk- 1960 P;k vkliklP;k dkG

jktdh;] lkekftd lkaL—frd Ì’Vhus ifjorZukpk dkG vkgs- 1960 e/;s >kysyh egkjk’Vz

jkT;kph LFkkiuk 1960 rs 1985 ;k dky[kaMkrhy lkfgR; gs ledkyhu lkfgR; Bjrs- dkj.k

g;k lkfgR;kr R;k dky[kaMkrhy ekuoh fLFkrhps iMlkn meVysys vkgsr- Lora+= Hkkjrkrhy

jktdh;] lkekftd] vkfFkZd] ikrGhojhy la?k’kZe; thou vkf.k varj jk’Vzh; ikrGhojhy

ekuoh lanHkkZrhy fofo/k y<;ka”kh vlysyh ckaf/kydh g;k lkfgR;krwu vk<Grs- ;k ys[kukyk

rkRdkfyd vkf.k O;kid vls nksUgh izdkjps lanHkZ vkgsr- 1960 rs 1985 ;k dkGkrhy lkjsp

86



ys[kuklkscr euksjatd ys[kugh eksB;k izek.kkr dsys tkrs- okpukph rkRdkfyd xjt

Hkkxfo.;klkBh rs fuekZ.k gksr vlrs- lk{kjkaph la[;k ok<r xsyh rlr”kh v”kk ys[kukph

ekx.khgh okVr xsyh- ledkyhu ys[kukr okLrokps lexz vkf.k vk/kqfud Ì’Vhdksukrqu dsysys

fp=.k vlkos v”kh vis{kk vlrs- ys[ku gs ,d ozr vkgs vls letqu gs ys[ku gksr vlrs-

1945 uarj lkfgR;kP;k dykRedrs fo’k;hph okpdkph tk.k ok<yh- ys[kdkaphgh okMe;kdMs

ikg.;kph Hkqfedk cnyr xsyh- ledkyhu vkf.k vk/kqfud lkfgR; yksdfiz; vlrsp vls ukgh-

dkgh Fkksj dyk—rh yksdfiz; gksrkr- i.k loZp yksdfiz; vk;rk—rh Fkksj vlrkukp vls

ukgh-

1945 rs 1960 vkf.k 1960 rs 1985 g;k dky[kaMkrhy uodFkk] uodfork] uoukVd]

uodkancjh] uoleh{kk y?kqfu;rdkyhdkaph pGoG] nfyr lkfgR;kph pGoG xzkeh.k Hkk’ksr

fyfgysys xzkeh.k thoukps fp=.k dj.kkjs lkfgR; ik”pkR; lkfgR; leh{ksrhy :ioknh

fopkj/kkjk] ekDlZoknh] leh{kk] lkfgR; vkf.k lkekftd lanHkZ ;koj vk/kkfjr leh{kk fnlqu

;srs-

Ckk-lh-e<sZdj ;kaP;k 1947 lkyh izdkf”kr >kysY;k *dkgh dfork*dkgh dfork 1951

lkyh izdkf”kr >kysY;k ;k nksu dkO; laxzgkauh e<sZdjkauk dkO;krhy ;qx izorZukpk eku

fEkGoqu fnyk- R;kaph dfork uodfork o rs Lor% uodforsps izorZd Bjys- R;kaP;k dforsrqu

uoh izfrek l’Vh fnlqu ;srs tls *iqFohph frjMh*] ea=tkxj ;a=kpk jkriki.khps dsl fcyksjh

okLrq”kkL= bR;knh fdrhrjh uO;k izfrek R;kaps dforsr fnlrkr- R;kaP;k izfrek l’Vhps eqG

R;kaP;k vuqHkqrh Ek/;s vkgs- e<sZdjkaP;k vfo’dkjkps :i okLroknh vkgs- ledkyhu thoukrhy

dq:irk] Hk;kork] {kqnzrk] lkjfgurk] lewgkP;k thoukrhy varfoZjks/k folaxrh bR;knh xks’Vh

e<sZdjkaP;k vuqHkqrhps va”k vkgsr- R;kaph vuqHkqrh dforsP;k lkafdrsdrsP;k e;kZnk vksyka<qu

O;Dr >kyh vkgs- tls

**izsekps yOgkGs lkSn;Z uOgkGs “kks/kq**

**vklikl eqMn;kaph jkl**-

;klkj[;k dkO; iaDrhe/kqu e<sZdjkauk lkSn;Z fnlr ukgh- rj vklikl vklikl

eqMn;kaph jkl fnlrs gk R;kapk okLro vuqHko vkgs- ,sdhdMs dkO; ladsr rj nqljs dMs

okLrokph Hk;kud tk.kho vlk ,d fojks/kh rk.k r;kj gksrks- ns”kkaoj ek;k ns”kHkDrh ns”kkfo’k;h

vfHkeku gh eqY;s tk.kho va/k jDrikrkus fujFkZd Bjrs- Hkkouk ghu ;kaf=d ujlagkj ?kMr

vlrkuk vkiqys ej.k ikfgY;s E;k MksGk! Rks lq[k lksgGk gh v/;kid vuqHkqrh R;kauk f[ktor

vlY;klkj[kh okVrs- gh izR;sdkph nkgd tk.kho O;DrhaP;k tx.;kryk vkf.k ej.;kryk eqY;

Hkko dk<qu Vkdrs-e<sZdjkaP;k ledkyhu fo”oklkr QWflLV vkf.k dE;qfuLV]leqg oknkaP;k




87


ojaoV;k[kkyh ek.kql fpjMyk tkr gksrk- O;Drhpk Lor%pk psgjk mMq u;s Lor%ph dkgh fpUg

vlq u;s- v”khp gh O;oLFkk vlrs- Eg.kqu Ek<sZdjkaP;k dforsr **eksys /kkMh tks ejk;k** vlk

usrk vlrks- loZlkekU; O;Drhps thou ;sFks “kqnz Bjrs- jDrkaP;k ukR;kauk dkghp vFkZ mjr

ukgh- ex gk lxGk ilkjk d”kklkBh vlk iz”u e<sZdjkauk iMrks- R;kauk thoar ek.kls izsr:ih

txnXuh vkgsr vlk vuqHko ;srks- dkexkjkaP;k gkrh djaoVh ns.kkjh HkkaMoyh o`Rrh ;sFks vkgs-

lR;sP;k iksGhoj rqi vks<.kkjh vkf.k ekuorsph gksGh isBo.kkjs O;Drh R;kauk fnlrs- vlk

ledkyhu fo”oklkr nso] /keZ] ;k ladYiuk fujFkZd Bjrkr- e<sZdjkaP;k dforsr dsanzLFkkuh

vlysyh O;Drh loZ cktqauh fujk/kkj vkgs- nSuafnu pkdksjhr vMdysys fujk”kke; tarqlkj[ks

tx.ks R;kaP;k okVsyk vkysys vkgs- R;keqGs e<sZdjkaph gs vuqHko fo”o ufou Hkkoukfu’B

lerkurkapk vfo’dkj djrs- R;keqGs e<sZdj ledkyhu dohagqu osxGs vkgs- R;keqGs R;kaph

dfork uodfork Bjrs- dkO;kaph fo’k;]jpuk]izfrek]o Hkk’kk ;kaP;kfo’k;hps vusd :< ladsr

R;kauh eksMhr dk<ys- ;qxtk.kho vkf.k frpk Lora= uok] mPpkj e<sZdjkaP;k dohrsrqu fnlqu

;srks-

eqDrhcks/k e<sZdjkaps ledkyhu doh R;kapk *f”kf”kjkxe* gk dohrk laxzg ejkBh dkO;kyk

vkf.k dkO; tk.khosyk uos oG.k ns.kkj vkgs- gs nksUgh doh ledkyhu vlys rjh R;kaps dkO;

vfo’dkj fHkUu fHkUu vkgsr- nksUgh dfoaP;k dforsrqu ledkyhu okLrokap fp=.k vkys vkgs-

ijarq R;k fp=.kkekxhy n`’Vh osxGh vkgs- R;kaP;k dfork Lora= O;DrheRo vlysyh vkf.k

ejkBh dkO;kP;k ijaijsr oSf”k’V;iq.kZ vkgsr- “kCnkaph uos :ia ?kMo.ka] izfrekapk ladj dj.ka

Hkk’ksph eksMrksM dj.ks gs e<sZdjkaP;k dforsps oSf”k’V;s vkgs rj cksyh Hkk’ksrhy :ikacjkscjp

lLdàr “kCnkaph ijh.kkedkjd ;kstuk eqDrhcks/kkauh dsyh vkgs- eqDrhcks/kkaP;k dohrsr euq’;kaph

nqnZE; vk”kk vkdka{kk fnlrs r”khp R;kaph ?kksj fujk”kkgh fnlrs-

eqDrhcks/kkaph dfork fopkjkaps vosx okgqu us.kkjh vl.kkjh rjh frP;krys okLro fp=

Hksnd vkgs- R;kaP;k cgqrsd dforkae/;s fLFkrh] ?kVuk] izlax] R;kapcjkscj Hkkouk vkf.k fopkj

;kaps osxoku izokg vlrkr- okLro vkf.k vfrokLro vlrkr- vls euksgj ;kauh EgVys vkgs-

vkRkk LoIukP;k ykpkj vk/kkjkph xjt ukgh- lR;kus gn; nqHkaxqu Vkdys vkgs- vkf.k R;krqu

vkiys lqj Hkjys vkgsr- R;kr vJqapk Nku mtkM iMsy vkf.k rq>+;k ikoykapk usVdk Blk

fnlsy-;klkj[;k dforkrqu eqDrhcks/kkaP;k dkO;xr O;DrheRokpk Blk ejkBh dforsoj

meVysyk fnlqu ;srks-

88



xzkeh.k dforsrhy d`f"k o ekuoh thoukrhy laosnu”khyrk o fLFkR;arjsxzkeh.k dforsrhy d`f"k o ekuoh thoukrhy laosnu”khyrk o fLFkR;arjsxzkeh.k dforsrhy d`f"k o ekuoh thoukrhy laosnu”khyrk o fLFkR;arjsxzkeh.k dforsrhy d`f"k o ekuoh thoukrhy laosnu”khyrk o fLFkR;arjs

ÁkÁkÁkÁk---- v'k¨d nŸkk=; Hkoj v'k¨d nŸkk=; Hkoj v'k¨d nŸkk=; Hkoj v'k¨d nŸkk=; Hkoj

th-,e-Mh- dyk ch- MCY;w- okf.kT; vkf.k foKku egkfo|ky;] fléj-

dfork gk Qkj vkfne vlk ok³~e; Ádkj vkgs- ek.klkyk tsOgk ek.kwli.k ÁkIr >kys

vkf.k ;k ek.kwli.kkpk vkfo"dkj djkok vls R;kyk okVw ykxys rsOgk R;kus ifgY;kank th

vf O;Drh dsyh rh dforse/;sp vlyh ikfgts vls ekuys ikfgts- vxnh ckGi.kh ek.kwl

ik.;kr >ïysyk vlr¨- rsOgk R;kph vkÃ vaxkÃxhr xkr vlrs- vkÃP;k eql[kkrqu ,sdysys

xk.ks gs ek.klkP;k thoukrhy vuq oysyk dforspk ifgyk vkfo"dkjp vlr¨-

^d`f"kewyfg thoue~* d`f"k gh ekuoh thou&O;oLFkspk ik;k vkgs- vkiY;k thoukps ewG

vkgs- d`f"kÁ/kkurk gh vkfne Lo:ikph laLdrh Eg.kwu lkafxryh tkrs- ejkBh xzkeh.k dforspk

fopkj djhr vlrkauk ÁFke d¨.kR;k Lo:ikP;k dforsyk vki.k ^xzkeh.k dfork* Eg.k.kkj gs

Li"V dsys ikfgts- ;k lan kZr fo'okl tgkxhnkj ;k vH;ldkauh dsysys foospu fopkjkr Äs.ks

mi;qDr Bjsy] ^^xzkeh.k dforse/;s ckáokLro gs [ksMs] fulxZ vkf.k ikjaifjd ewY;s ;krwu

ÄMysys xzkethou vkgs vkf.k R;kr vkdkj#ikyk vkysyh laosnu'khyrk R;k thoukrhy

vuqHkokfo"k;hP;k ÁfrfØ;k nsr vlrs- v'kk dforsP;k fuÆerhP;k cqMk'kh vlysyh

laosnu'khyrk gh xzkeh.k laosnu'khyrk vkgs vkf.k v'kh dfork xzkeh.k vkgs vls LFkwyeukus

Eg.krk ;sÃy-* xzkeh.k okLrokyk dsaæLFkkuh Bso.kkjh gh dfork LokHkkfodi.ksp okLrokfHkeq[k

jkgsrs-

1990 uarjP;k dforsrhy xzkeh.k okLrokps fp= cnyysys vkgs- d`f"k vkf.k ekuoh

thoukrhy fLFkR;arjkapk vk<kok Äs.;kpk Á;Ru dforsrwu dsysyk vkgs- Hkkjr gk d`f"kÁ/kku ns'k

vkgs- d`f"kÁ/kku tkrhlkBh ekrh [kk.kkÚ;k dq.kC;kph ;kog fLFkrh vfydMs fnlwu ;srs- 'ksrh

gk eq[; O;olk;] d`f"klaLdrhph ijaijk] xzkethoukrys p<mrkj] tkxfrddj.k] ekykyk

feG.kkjk doMheÿ Hkko vkf.k 'ksoVh drZO; fuHkorkauk dq.kC;kph ykx.kkjh dl¨Vh dforsrwu

O;Dr g¨rs- cfg.kkckÃ p©/kjh ;kaP;k dkO;krhy y¨dlaLdrhpk /kkxk] laLdkjkph tk.kho vkf.k

txkrhy vareqZ[krk O;Dr g¨rkauk ;kpk vuqHko ;srks-

[ksMs & 'ksrh vkf.k ekrh] fulxkZph fofo/k #is] dq.kC;kP;k okVÓkyk ;s.kkjs nq%[k] d/kh

nq"dkG rj d/kh egkiwj ;k uSlÆxd vkiŸkhrwu tx.kkjs & okp.kkjs y¨d] Lor%yk lkojr

tx.;kph Hkkouk] ekrhrwu mxowu ;s.kkjk d ac] dkGtkyk QwV.kkjk >jk] 'kklukps fofo/kkaxh




89


;¨tukaps vkd"kZ.k vkf.k ÁpaM O;ktk[kkyh nMiyk tk.kkjk dq.kch ;k lok±php ,d Á[kj

tk.kho xzkeh.k dforsrwu g¨rs- ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dforkae/kwu ;kps fp= Li’V fnlrs-

vkuan ;kno 'ksrdjh dqVqackr tUeysys vlY;kus 'ksrdjh thoukpk R;kauk vuqHko g¨rk-

vkuan ;knokP;k dfork xzkefo'okps fp=.k dj.kkÚ;k dfork rlsp 'ksrdjh vkf.k R;kP;k

lHkörkyps xzkeh.k fo'o ;kaP;k örh dsafær >kysyh vkgs- nkfjæ; vkf.k d"V 'ksrdÚ;kaP;k

dqVqackr ikpohykp iqtysys vlrs- rjh vkiyh eqya f'kdkohr vls ;k dqVqackrhy

vkÃ&ckikukagh okVrs- gs [kkyhy iaDrhrwu Li"V g¨rs-

vkEgkaLuh yÃ okVra;

i¨jkLuh f'kdokoa vla-

ij ekxa i¨Vkik.;kpa

lnk u dnk ykxra; fila-

vkEgkyk dk; bukea gkÃr\

yaxqVh] ,o<hch UgkÃ iÍh !

Ugsrkoa nhl dla rjh <dyr]

vg¨] vkeP;k uflch 'ks.kkphp ikVh !*

¼yÃ okVra; % 8½

i¨Vkik.;kpk Á'u njj¨tpk ex dqBya f'k{k.k \ R;kaP;k uf'kch lrr d"Vp vlrkr

gs okLro ÁdV >kysys vkgs- 'ksrdjh vkiY;k ekrhoj Áse dj.kkjk vkgs- êkrh gs /ku vlra;*

v'kh R;kph J/nk vlrs- gh kouk vkuan ;knokaP;k dforsrwu Li"V g¨rs rs Eg.krkr-

^M axjkr vkepk nso vlr¨;

ák M axjkykch nxMkpa eu vlra;-

gs eu Qqyhorkua vkEgh ekrhr tkr¨;]

ij ekrhr xsy¨ rjh ekrh gs /ku vlra;-*

¼ekrh gs /ku vlra; % 81½

;knokaP;k dkO;kr vkf.k ,dw.kp lkfgR;kr vkysyh ekrh gh ckgs:u Çdok mijsi.kkus

vkysyh ukgh- ;k ekrhrp R;kaph eqGs #tyh vkgsr-

1980 uarjP;k fi<hrhy ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork le`/n dj.kkjs Áeq[k doh Eg.kwu baæftr

kysjko ifjfpr vkgsr- baæftr Hkkysjkokaph dfork tehu] ik.kh ihd vkf.k 'ksrdÚ;kaps d"V

;k lok±'kh fuxfMr vkgs- Hkkysjkokaph dfork 'ksrdÚ;kaps d"V] nq%[k o R;kaps 'k¨"k.k O;Dr

djrs- R;kpcj¨cj okpdkykgh Çpru djk;yk ykors- îsjk* ;k dkO;laxzgkr 'ksrh] 'ksrdjh]

90



xzkeh.k thou vkf.k xzkelaLdrh ;kaps ;FkkFkZ n'kZu ÄMrs- 'ksrdjh gk lok±pk i¨Ç'knk vkgs-

R;kP;k d"Vkph] midkjkph drK Hkkouk O;ogkjkr tk.kor ukgh- R;keqGsp rs Eg.krkr &

lkaxk ekÖ;k ckikua ukgh dsyk isjk

rj rqEgh dk; [kky \ /kŸkqjk !

¼lkaxk ekÖ;k ckikua % 51½

'ksrdÚ;kaps d"V d¨.khgh tk.kor ukgh- R;kP;k eÿkph ekrheÿ Çder d#u R;kl

yqVys tkrs- 'ksrdÚ;kaP;k d"Vkps eÿ g¨ ulY;keqGs LokFkÊ o uQs[k¨j oxkZfo#) 'ksrdÚ;kauk

laÄfVr g¨.;kps vkokgu djrkr- 'kkldh; dk;kZy;krhy u¨djoxZ] vk'oklu ns.kkjs iq<kjh]

[kpkZpk oLrqfu"B fopkj u djrkp Hkko Bjowu ns.kkjs 'kklu gs 'krdÚ;kaP;k ekykph ywV

dj.kkjs nykyp vkgsr] gs mij¨/kkus O;Dr djrkr- baæthr kysjko ;kckcr laÄ"kkZph j¨[kB¨d

k"kk okijrkr-

^^'khd ckck 'khd y<k;yk 'khd

dq.kC;kP;ki¨jk vkrk y<k;yk 'khd

xkGysY;k ÄkeklkBh jŸ;koj Vhd

gôklkBh y< ckck ekxw ud¨ Hkhd**

v'kh laÄ"kkZph vkf.k gôkph tk.kho 'ksrdÚ;kr ;s.ks vko';d vkgs] gh dohph Hkwfedk

vkgs-

fulxkZps vpwd orZeku ekaM.kkjh dSykl n©aM] Ádk'k g¨Gdj] Ádk'k fduxkodj]

,s'o;Z ikVsdj ;kaph dfork vkgs- d`f"k laLdrhpk ifjÄ ekaMrkauk doh Ádk'k fduxkojdj

laiw.kZ xkokph cnyr fuÄkysyh lan ZekaM.kh djrkr- dq.kch cki&ck;d¨&eqykckGkais{kk

f'kokjkryh Jhearh tir¨- injkyk xkBh ek#u vkÃ vkiys vk;q"; ltorkauk vkiys nkfjæ;

dkGthiwoZd >kdrs- gh laLdrhph [kw.k ;kfBdk.kh O;Dr g¨rs- vfydMs dof;=h dYiuk

nq/kkG ;kauh ^fl>jdj Eg.krs; ekrh* ;k dfork laxzgk}kjs ekrhe/;s jkco.kkÚ;k d"VdÚ;kaps

nq[k cÿds dsysys vkgs- cnyR;k dkGkps vpwd Hkku oSf'k"VÓiw.kZrsus R;kaP;k dforsrwu o.kZu

djrkr- R;k Eg.krkr &

fofgjhrwu ik.kh vk.kk;ph rh j¨tp---

v'kkp ,dk nqikjh ----- rh xsyh -----

vkyhp ukgh ijr

frP;k M¨D;kpa QMda ---- rajxysua ik.;koj----

c¨HkkVk f'kokj j

e¨ckÃyoj cÿr ----- ekyd vkyk




91


vkf.k fl/n dsya

i¨jp ckÇtnh g¨rh------ HkkuxM vklau----

vkRegR;kpa dsyh vklau----- !

¼fl>j dj Eg.krs; --- i`- 77&78½

nkfjæ;kps v¨>s isyrkauk eqY;kfgr lektkps fonkjd #i fnlrs- óhP;k tx.;kph

vlqjf{krrk dforsrwu Li"V g¨rs- tUeknk=h ekrk t'kh ek.klkP;k vfLrRok'kh vfHkéi.ks

cka/kysyh vlrs- r'khp R;kP;k ltZukps vkf.k ikyui¨"k.kkps dkj.k vlysyh Hkweh gs cká

izd`fr#igh ekuoh eukr ekr`#ikr :tysys vlrs- R;keqGs Hkweh] i`Foh ;k egkekrk vkgsr-

xzkeh.k Hkkxkr ;k ekrsyk ^dkGh vkÃ* Eg.krkr- foðy okÄ ;kaph ^dk;k ekrhr ekrhr* ;k

dkO;laxzgkrhy ôkoj* gh dfork mYys[kuh; Bjrs- vkiY;k ekrhcÌy dohus EgVys vkgs dh

'ksrdÚ;kyk dkG;k ekrhr nsgwP;k rqdkjkekapk fVGk vk<Gr¨- e¨VsP;k ik.;kus dsysys] Luku

paæ kxsrhy LukukÁek.ks ifo= okVrs- dkG;k ekrhrhy d a ikgwu lkork ekGh ;kaps v ax

vkBorkr- 'ksrkrhr Mqy.kkÚ;k d.klkae/;s xkMxs egkjktkaP;k dhrZukr Mqy.kkjh ek.kls

fnlrkr- Eg.kwup dkGh vkÃ ghp t.kw dkgh lkrktUekaph ek; okVrs-

[kj¨[kjp ekfgrh ra=KkukP;k ;qxkr xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr d`f"kcÌyps vusd vaxkauh fy[kk.k g¨r

vlys rjh fo"k; O;kid vkgs- ekuoh thou d`f"k thouk'kh Äfu"B laca/k vkgs- l"VhP;k

mRiŸkhiklwu rj vkti;±r 'ksrhrhy >kysys cny vusd doh] dof;=Èuh vkiY;k xzkeh.k

Hkk"ksr ekaMY;keqGs vusdkauk R;krwu fn'kk feGkyh vls Eg.k.ks okoxs B# u;s- Eg.kwup

Fk¨MD;kr xzkeh.k dforsrhy d`f"k o ekuoh thoukrhy laosnuf'kyrk o fLFkaR;rjs ;kapk

Fk¨MD;kr vk<kok Äsryk vkgs-

lanlanlanlanHkHkHkHkZ %Z %Z %Z %

1½ nq/kkG dYiuk % fl>j dj Eg.krs ekrh] ukf'kd

2½ dkO;dLrqjh % Ák- M‚- HkkLdj 'ksGds] Ák- v'k¨d Ç'kns] Ák- M‚- ckGklkgsc xqatkG] ueZnk

ifCyÇ'kx gkÅl] iq.ks-

3½ xzkeh.k lkfgR; ewY; vkf.k vfHk:ph & M‚- ukuklkgsc lq;Zoa'kh in~exa/kk Ádk'ku] iq.ks-

92



xzkeh.k dohrk] ,d vk<kokxzkeh.k dohrk] ,d vk<kokxzkeh.k dohrk] ,d vk<kokxzkeh.k dohrk] ,d vk<kok

izkizkizkizk---- OghOghOghOgh---- ,l,l,l,l---- tk/kotk/kotk/kotk/ko

dyk vkf.k okf.kT; egkfo|ky; [ksMxko

xzkeh.k thoukoj th Hkk’; djrs rh xzkeh.k dohrk gks;] Hkkjr gk [ksM~;kpk ns’k vkgs-

rks d`’khiz/kku laLdrhpk vkgs- xzkeh.k Hkkxkr T;k ?kMkeksMh ?kMrkr R;kps xzkeh.k dohrke/;s

fp=.k vkys vkgs- KkusÜojh lq/nk “kq/n cksyhHkk’ksr KkusÜojh ps vHkax EgVys vkgs-

iSyrks xs dkÅ dksdrkgs

“kdqu xs ek;s lkaxrk gs

R;krqu R;kauh xzkeh.k thou js[kkVys vkgs]

Lkar rqdkjkekauh o`{kkps o i{;kps egRo vkiY;k vHkaxkrqu xk;ys vkgs-rs loZ ifjfpr

vkgs lar lkork ekGh ;kauh rj vkiY;k dkO;krqu fidkaps Lo:Ik o egRo fo”kn dsys vkgs-

Eg.kqu xzkeh.k dforsph ukG vxnh lar dkGk’kh jkek;.k &egkHkkjrk’kh tksMyh xsyh vkgs vls

Eg.kkos ykxsy-

CkkCkkCkkCkk----lhlhlhlh----es<sZdjes<sZdjes<sZdjes<sZdj

Ckk-lh-es<sZdjkaP;k dkO;kr ns[khy xzkeh.k dkO;kpk Blk fnlqu ;srks-

dkgh rjh fnolkr ukgh pkan.;kr fgaMyks

dkgh rjh fnolkr ukgh unhr Mqacyks

xzkeh.k dohrsp lanHkZ es<sZdjkP;k dohrsr ;srkr-

xxxx----gkgkgkgk----BksdGBksdGBksdGBksdG

gs xzkeh.k doh Eg.kwu [;kruke vkgsrp ehBHkkdj o lqxh ;k dohrk laxzgkrwu R;kauh

xzkeh.k thou js[kkVys vkgsr- eksVojy xk.k] ?kj/kuh] xfjchpk ikgq.kpkj bR;knh dforke/kqu

d”kV dj.kkjs L=h &iq:”k O;Dr >kkys vkgs- x-g-ikVhy gs ns[khy xzkeh.k doh Eg.kqu egRokps

vkgs- R;kaP;k jkutkbZ ik[kjkph “kkGk o fyacksG;k ;k dforke/kqu fulxZ fnlrks vkgs- R;kaP;k

^Jko.kckG*;k dohrk dk:.;k cjkscjp vk/;kfRed maph xkB.kkjh dfork vkgs-

cgh.kkckbZ pkS/kjhcgh.kkckbZ pkS/kjhcgh.kkckbZ pkS/kjhcgh.kkckbZ pkS/kjh

;k [kkuns’kkrhy xzkeh.k do;=hus vkiys xzkethou R;kaps dqVqac i/nrh ;kpso.kZudsys

vkgsr-vfgjk.kh cksyhHkk’ksr R;kauh vkiys dkO; ekaMys vkgsr-

Vjs lalkj lalkj A tlk rok pqYg;koj

vk/kh gkrkys pVds A ex fe;rs Hkkdj




93


v”kh R;akph dohrk “ksrkr jkc.kkjk “ksrdjh R;kph iRuh ;kaps Hkkofo”o R;kauh js[kkVys

vkgs-R;kaps lqiq= lksikunso pkS/kjh ;kauhcfg.kkckbZph xk.kh ;k ukokus R;kpk dforklaxzg 1952

lkyh izfl/n dsyk-

ekulkP;k LoHkkokps xf.kr rj R;kauh ekfeZd “kCnkr ekaMys vkgs-

ek.klkifj ek.kql A jkgrksjs ;sMtkuk AA

vjs gksrks Nkihluh A dksjk dkxn “kgkuk AA

vkuan ;knovkuan ;knovkuan ;knovkuan ;kno

xzkethou txysys] Hkksxysys doh Eg.kts vkuan ;kno gks;- fgjostx ] eG;kph ekrh]

ek;ysdj] ;k lkj[;k dohrk laxzgke/kqu R;kauh vkiY;k “ksrh dqVqac o [ksM;krhy thoukcÌy

js[kkVys vkgs- [ksM;kr jkc.kkjk cki vkiY;k eqykph O;Fkk vkiY;k dkO;krqu ekaMrkaauk fnlrks

vkgs-rj ifr] iRuh vkiY;k thoukrhy Hkko O;Fkk ns[khy R;kaP;k dkO;krqu js[kkVys vkgsr-

ukukukuk---- /kks/kks/kks/kks---- egkuksj egkuksj egkuksj egkuksj

;kaP;k ^jkukrY;k dohrk* ikolkGh dfork] iGl[ksMph xk.kh ;klkj[;k dohrk

laxzgke/kqu vLly xzkethou R;kP;k dohrke/kqu js[kkVys vkgsr-

ák “ksrkus yGk ykfoyk vlk vlk dh

lq[k & nq%[kkyk ijLijka”kh glyks jMyks

vkrk rj thop vo?kk vlk t[kMyk

eh R;kP;k fgjO;k cksyhpk “kCn tkgyks

;k dforke/kqu R;kauh xzkeh.k “ksrdjh thou js[kkVys vkgsr- gh oLrqfLFkrh R;kauh

vkiY;k xzkeh.k dkO;krqu js[kkVyh vkgs-

foðy ok?k foðy ok?k foðy ok?k foðy ok?k

xzkeh.k thouk”kh lejl >kysys doh vkgsr- R;kauh vkiY;k dkO;ke/kqu xzkeh.k okrkoj.k]

fulxZ js[kkVys vkgsr- oÚgkMh Hkk’ksrhy jkaxMsi.kk R;kP;k dkO;krqu fnlqu ;srks-

Lkk;] oSnHkh] o dk;k ekrhr ekrhr ;k dkO; laxzgkrqu R;kauh vkiys dkO; ekaMys

vkgsr-

dk;k ekrhr ekrhr frQu pkyrs

frQu pkyrs frQu pkyrs

;k dkO;krqu “ksrkr jkc.kkjk “ksrdjh o R;kps Hkkofo’o R;kauh js[kkVys vkgs

94



banzftr Hkkysjkobanzftr Hkkysjkobanzftr Hkkysjkobanzftr Hkkysjko

1975P;k vklikl mn;kyk doh Eg.kts banzthr Hkkysjko gks; R;kauh fid ik.kh ]vkEgh

dkcMkps /kuh ]nqj jkghy xko ;gks ;k dforklaxzg e/kqu R;kauh xzkeh.k thoukP;k O;Fkk osnuk

js[kkVY;k vkgsr-

“ksrke/;s ek>h [kksi fryk cksjkVhpk >ki]

frFk jkcrks ]d’Vrks ek>k “ksrdjh cki

xzkeh.k thoukrhy cki] R;kps dqVqac R;kps o.kZu R;kauh js[kkVys vkgsr-

rlsp dkV;kdqV;kpk rqMohu jLrk

ekÖ;k xkokdM py ekÖ;k nksLrk

;k dkO;krqu R;kauh [ksM;kph ladYiuk js[kkVyh vkgsr- “kgjkdMqu xkodMs cksy.kkjk

eqyxkk R;kauh js[kkVyk vkgs-

Ikzfrek baxksys

;kauh ns[khy oÚgkMh cksyh Hkk’ksr xzkeh.k dkO; js[kkVys vkgs- mtkxhjh ukokph dohrk

xktyh uoj;kP;k O;lukyk daaVkGysyh L=h R;kr nq’dkG iMysyk ?kjkr nfjnz; ikpfoyk

iqtysys v”kk ifjfLFkrhr rh L=h ?kj/kU;kyk fououh djrs dh

nqdk;kps fnl

“ksokGhys >jk

uknkVhy rlk

rqokp vkljk

R;kauh vkiY;k dfork laxzgkrqu “ksrdÚ;kP;k leL;k L=h thoukrhy xaqrkxqar frph

lksf”kdrk R;kauh js[kkVys vkgs-

vyhdMP;k dkGkr doh y{e.k egkMhdy{e.k egkMhdy{e.k egkMhdy{e.k egkMhd ;kauh dq.kC;kph dohrk e/kqu R;kauh xzkethou R;kph

Hkkofo”o js[kkVys vkgsr- “ksrkr jkc.kkjk “ksrdjh R;kP;k leksjhy ladVs R;krwu ekxZ dk<.kkjk

“ksrdjh R;kauh vkiY;k dkO;krqu js[kkVys vkgs-

ukf”kd ftYg;krhy xzkeh.k doh izdk”k gksGdjizdk”k gksGdjizdk”k gksGdjizdk”k gksGdj R;kauh dksjMs u{k= ukokpk dohrk

laxzg js[kkVyk vkgsr- “ksrkr jkc.kkjk “ksrdjh R;kps fid R;krqu R;kph gks.kkjh vks<krk.k R;kr

jkc.kkjk rks R;kph O;Fkk R;kauh js[kkVyh vkgs- ikolkP;k ygjh i.kkoj “ksrdÚ;kps thou

voyacqu vlrs gs R;kauh vkiY;k dkO;krqu js[kkVys vkgs-

xzkeh.k doh lq/kkdj xk;/kuhlq/kkdj xk;/kuhlq/kkdj xk;/kuhlq/kkdj xk;/kuh ;kuh vkiY;k xzkeh.k dkO;ke/kqu vUu] oL=] fuokjk

vMdysyk xzkeh.k ek.kql ;kauh js[kkVys vkgsr-

T;kus ekrhrqu vkiY;klkBh




95


jkrfnla Hkkdjh milY;k


Lkkaxk dks.k dks.k riklY;k

Rkj fuGdaB egktu ;kauh “kgjkr jkg.kkjk ek.kql R;kph [ksM;kdMs d”kh vks< vkgs gs R;kauh

vkiY;k dkO;krqu js[kkVys vkgs-

Ekyk ;k “kgjkr

tkLr osG jkgor ukghjs

ekÖ;k vkBo.khus O;kdqG gksrkr

xkokdMY;k jkukrY;k >js

fo’.kq Fkksjsfo’.kq Fkksjsfo’.kq Fkksjsfo’.kq Fkksjs

;kauh vkiY;k dkO;ke/kqu [ksM;krhy thou js[kkVys vkgs R;kaaP;k dkO;kps fp= vkiY;kleksj

js[kkVys vkgs R;kP;k dkO;krqu jkc.kkjk “ksrdjh] R;kps dqVqac ;kph thouxkFkk R;kauh js[kkVyh vkgsr

vkbZ fo”k;h rs vkLFksus fygrkr gh oLrqfLFkrh vkgsr xzkeh.k thoukrh yl.k] mRlo R;kph thou

i/nrh ;k fo’k;h ns[khy fo”.kq Fkksjs HkkoukP;k ifydMs tkÅu ekaMrkr gs Eg.k.ks okoxs B: u;s-

Lkanhi txrkiLkanhi txrkiLkanhi txrkiLkanhi txrki

Laknhi txrki ;kauh vkiY;k dkO;krqu “ksrdÚ;kP;k O;Fkkp ekaMY;k vkgsr- “ksrdjh o

uksVcanh R;kP;k dohrka e/kqu “ksrkr jkc.kkjk ek.kql R;kps ladVk”kh nksu gkr dj.;kps iz;Ru R;kauh

js[kkVys vkgsr- ”ksrdÚ;kps thou ljdkjh /;s; /kksj.kk oj dls voyacqu jkgrs vkgs gs R;kauh vkiY;k

dkO;krqqu js[kkVys vkgs-

,s”o;Z ikVsdj,s”o;Z ikVsdj,s”o;Z ikVsdj,s”o;Z ikVsdj

HkqbZ”kkL= ;k dkO;krqu R;kauh vkiyh thou xkFkk js[kkVyh vkgs-R;kr jkc.kkjh vkgs rhps

Hkkothou dqVqac izse R;kr nk[kfoys vkgs vkiY;k ikp lkGqaD;k o ,d eqyxk R;kps Hkkofo”o vkbZP;k

:ikus j[kkVys vkgs vkbZ fo’k;h R;kauh vkReh;rsus js[kkVys vkgs gh oLrqfLFkrh R;kauh vkiY;k xzkeh.k

dkO;k}kjs js[kkVyh vkgs-

,danjhr Hkkjrkr d`’kh thou] d`’kh iz/kku laLdrh ukanr vkgs rks Ik;Zr xzkeh.k dohrk vl.kkjp vkgs

xzkeh.k dohph la[;k Hkjiqj vkgs i.k R;kaP;k dkO;ke/kqu xzkethou] R;kaP;k O;Fkk osnuk R;kauh

js[kkVY;k vkgsr gsp lR; vkgs-

lanHkZ % lanHkZ % lanHkZ % lanHkZ %

1- dkGs v{k;dqekj 1999 vokZphu ejkBh dkO;n”kZu cugÍh izdk”ku

2- ikVhy e-lq- 1999 dforspk :Ik”kks/k “kCnky; izdk’ku

3- Hkkysjko banzthr 2002 isVkns”keq[k vkf.k dai.kh iq.ks

4- xzkeh.k doh o dkO;

96



LkeLkeLkeLkedkyhu xzkeh.k dforsph okVpkydkyhu xzkeh.k dforsph okVpkydkyhu xzkeh.k dforsph okVpkydkyhu xzkeh.k dforsph okVpky

lgklgklgklgk---- izk izk izk izk---- ;ksfxrk Hkkejs] ;ksfxrk Hkkejs] ;ksfxrk Hkkejs] ;ksfxrk Hkkejs]

ejkBh foHkkx] th- Mh- lkoar egkfon;ky;] ikFkMhZ jksM] ukf'kd

1920 uarj xzkeh.k lkfgR;kpk fufeZrhyk izkjaHk >kyk- *tkuin* ps xzkeh.k d/kh >kys- rs

fuf”pri.ks lkaxrk ;sr ulys rjh lk/kkj.kr% Jh-e-ekVs fygw ykxY;kuarj xzkeh.k gh laKk #<

>kyh vlkoh vls okVrs-

1920 uarj ejkBhe/;s osxosxG;k okM~%e; izdkjkae/kwu xzkeh.k thou fp=.kkyk izkjaHk

>kyk xzkeh.k dfork ;k okM%e; izdkjkae/kwu xzkeh.k thou izdV Ogk;yk ykxys- x- y-

BksdG] j-ok-fnos] fo-ok-gMi] lksiunso pkS/kjh] ;”koar] fxjh”k] v”kk dkgh dohaps ukaos izkjaHkhps

doh Eg.kwu lkaxrk ;srhy] dkO;krhy ukohU;keqGs gs ys[ku jfldekU; >kys] xzkeh.k thoukps

fp=.k dj.kkjs gs ys[ku vkiY;k oSf”k’V;keqGs yksdkauk vkoMw ykxys-

ejkBh xzkeh.k dforspk fopkj djhr vlrkauk izFke dks.kR;k Lo:ikP;k dforsyk vki.k

*xzkeh.k dfork* Eg.k.kkj vkgksr] gs Li’V dsys ikfgts- ;k lanHkkZr fo”okl tgkxhjnkj ;kauh

dsysys foospu fopkjkr ?ks.ks mi;qDr Bjsy] xzkeh.k dforse/;s ckg;okLro gs [ksMs] fulxZ

vkf.k ikjaikfjd ewY;s ;krwu ?kMysys xzkethou vkgs vkf.k R;kr vkdkj:ikyk vkysyh

laosnu”khyrk R;k thoukrhy vuqHkokfo’k;hP;k izfrfdz;k nsr vlrs-

xzkeh.k okLrokyk dsanzLFkkuh Bso.kkjh gh dfork LokHkkfodi.ksp okLrokfHkeq[k jkgrs-

Eg.kts xzkeh.k lkfgR;kP;k okLro”khy izokgkpk ,d Hkkx Eg.kwu xzkeh.k dforspk lekos”k gksrks-

1920 uarj egkjk’Vkr e-xka/khP;k *[ksM;ke/;s pyk* ;k fopkjkaps okjs okgw ykxys- R;kps

izfrlkn lkfgR;{ks=krgh meVys- 1920 e/;s jfofdj.k eaMGkph LFkkiuk >kyh- jfofdj.k

eaMGkrhy dohauh tkuin dfork] baxzthrhy iWLVksjy iks,V~hph izsj.kk oMZLoFkZ] FkkWel gkMhZ gs

dkO;n'kZ leksj Bsowu dkO;fufeZrh dsyh- jfofdj.k eaMGkrhy doh fxjh”k] ;”koar ;kauh

tk.khoiwoZd *izsekph nkSyr* gs tkuin thoukps lq:okrhps dkO;fo’dkj ekukos ykxrhy- *dk;

gks peRdkj*] *m?kM xqfir & Pkanz”ks[kj] vkacjkbZ& fxjh”k gh [kaMdkO;s “ksrdjh oxkZP;k

lalkjdFkk vlY;k rjh R;k izsedFksyk izk/kkU; fnys vkgs- ,danj jfofdj.k eaMGkrhy dohaP;k

xzkeh.k dforse/;s xzkfe.k laosnu”khyrspk vHkko vkgs-

'khG & uk-?k-ns”kikaMs] dksG;kps xk.ks & vuar dk.ksdj] ikg;ya x nkjh & Lkksikunso

pkS/kjh b- vusd dforkarhy xzkeh.k thoukps fp=.k dsoG o.kZukRed ikrGhojp jkgrs- vusd




97


dohauh xzkeh.k thoukfo’k;h lkekU;r% dkSrqdkpkp lwj ykoyk vkgs- mnk- n-x-t;oar]

[ksM;krY;k ldkG ps jE; o.kZu d:u >kkY;koj “ksoVh fyfgrkr-

[ksM;krhy gs oSHko ikgquh fopkj ;srks][ksM;krhy gs oSHko ikgquh fopkj ;srks][ksM;krhy gs oSHko ikgquh fopkj ;srks][ksM;krhy gs oSHko ikgquh fopkj ;srks]

euh udeuh udeuh udeuh udks rh 'kgjkrhy jkg.khks rh 'kgjkrhy jkg.khks rh 'kgjkrhy jkg.khks rh 'kgjkrhy jkg.kh-

dkO;fogkjh ;kauk 'kgjh thoukP;k ik'OkZHkwehoj [ksM;krhy jE; thoukph vks< okVrs-

eksVsojhy lqanjh & jktl] bjysokyh & ok-xks-ek;nso] gh dks.k \ & fo-fHk-dksyrs b- dforkarwu

;s.kkjs d"Vdjh fL=;kaps fp= jkseWfVd ikrGhojp jkgrs- *lqxh* gk dkO;laxzg x-y-BksdGkauh

vusd dohaP;k dfork ?ksoqu laiknhr dsyk vkgs- *lqxh* e/;s xzkeh.k laosnu”khyrsph ldl

chts lkiMrkr- R;kcjkscjp leFkZ vfo’dkjgh vk<Grkr- mnk-x-y-BksdG & y{kqeh rwu

tk.koys- *lqxh* us vfgjk.kh] dksd.kh cksyhHkk’kkarhy vkfo’dkj lkekowu ?ksrys-

*lqxh* ikBksikB x-g-ikVhy ;kapk *jkutkbZ* 1934 gk dforklaxzg izfl/n >kyk- R;kapk

*fyacksG;k* gk nqljk dforklaxzg 1961 e/;s izfl/n >kyk- ;k nksUgh dforklaxzgkrwu O;Dr

gks.kk&;k tkf.kok lkj[;kp vkgsr] ukxj thou txr vlrkauk dfoeukyk okV.kkjh

xzkethoukph vks< ;k dforkarwu O;Dr gksrkr-

cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh] dforklaxzg & cfg.kkckbZaph xk.kh %& cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh] dforklaxzg & cfg.kkckbZaph xk.kh %& cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh] dforklaxzg & cfg.kkckbZaph xk.kh %& cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh] dforklaxzg & cfg.kkckbZaph xk.kh %&

1952 e/;s *cfg.kkckbZaph xk.kh* leksj vkyh- ,[kkn;k “ksrkr eksgjkapk gaMk vpkud

lkiMkok rlk cfg.kkckbZaP;k dkO;kpk “kks/k egkjk"Vkyk ykxyk- cfg.kkckbZP;k 'kCnk”kCnkarwu

izfrHkk f>jirs vkgs- vls ljl vkf.k lksToG dkO; ejkBh Hkk"ksr Qkj FkksMs vkgs- *tqU;kr

pedsy vkf.k uO;kr >Gdsy vls R;kaps rst vkgs- ,dk fuj{kj vkf.k vf”kf{kr 'ksrdjh L=hus

gs lkjs jpysys vkgs- gk rj Qkj eksBk peRdkj vkgs-

vfHktkr vk/kqfud ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsr cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjhauh vk?kkMhps LFkku

iVdkfoys- Hkk"kspk] fopkjkapk vkf.k dYiuspk foy{k.k xksMok R;kaP;k dkO;kr f'kxks'khx

vksFkacysyk vkgs- cfg.kkckbZ vf'kf{kr o fuj{kj gksR;k- ijarq fulxkZus R;kauk izfrHkk o

dYiuk'kDrhph Qkj eksBh ns.kxh fnyh gksrh- R;keqGs R;kaP;k izR;sd dforsr izfrekaph ekaM.kh]

R;kaph p<rh ;kstuk] ;eds vkf.k vuqizkl] lk/ksi.kk] lqanji.kk gs dkO;kps xq.k Qqykrqu lqxa/k

;kok R;kizek.ks njoGr gksrs-

xzkeh.k thou] d’khthou ;kaP;k'kh fuxMhr v”kk laLd`rhps cfg.kkckbZaoj [kksy laLdkj

gksrs- R;keqGs R;kaph dfork xzkeh.k Hkkofo'okps o d"khlaLd`rhrhy 'ksdMks ri'khykaps lanHkZ nsrs

vkf.k R;krwu rRoKkugh lkaxrs- ek.kqldh] d`"khlaLdrh]] fulxkZ'kh lejlrk] J/nk vkf.k

[ksM;krY;k leqgthoukph tk.kho R;kaP;k dforsrwu izdVyh vkgs-

98



ejkBh Hkk"ksrhy cksyhpk xksMok vkf.k izlUu fouksnkpk f'kMdko dj.kkjh vk'kkoknh

thouoRrh ;keqGs cfg.kkckbZaP;k dfork yksHkkowu Vkdrkr-

cfg.kkckbZaP;k ;k dkO;laxzgkus vokZphu ejkBh lkfgR;kyk izkphu ejkBh lkfgR;kus oSHko

vkf.k izfr"Bk izkIr d:u fnysyh vkgs-

vkuavkuavkuavkuan ;kno & dforklaxzg & fgjos tx] ek;ysdj] eG;kph ekrh % n ;kno & dforklaxzg & fgjos tx] ek;ysdj] eG;kph ekrh % n ;kno & dforklaxzg & fgjos tx] ek;ysdj] eG;kph ekrh % n ;kno & dforklaxzg & fgjos tx] ek;ysdj] eG;kph ekrh %

1955 uarjP;k dkGkr ,d doh xzkeh.k vuqHko fo'o dforsP;k ek/;ekrwu vfo"dr

djrkuk fnlr gksrs- rs Eg.kts vkuan ;kno R;kaP;k xzkeh.k dfork lR;dFkk] vfHk:ph ;k

fu;rdkfydkarwu izfl/n gksoq ykxY;k vkf.k xzkeh.k dfork vorjY;kph pkgwy ykxyh- vkuan

;knokpk ifgyk dkO;laxzg *fgjos tx* & 1960 lkyh izdkf'kr >kyk- R;kuarj *eG;kph

ekrh* 1978 vkf.k *ek;ysdj* gk nh?kZ dforklaxzg 1989 lkyh izdkf'kr >kyk- vkuan

;knokauh xzkeh.k O;DrhP;k dkSVqafcd thoukrhy ukV; dforsrwu ekaMys vkgs- nkfjnz;kus

xzklysY;k O;DrhaP;kgh dkgh vis{kk vlrkr- vkiY;k eqykyk f'k{k.k ns.;kph bPNk vlrs- ijarq

vkfFkZd nqcZyrseqGs rh bPNk iw.kZ djrk ;sr ukgh- gkp la?k’kZ vkuan ;kno ;kauh *ybZ okVra;*

;k dforsrwu ekaMyk vkgs- rks vlk &

vkEgkLuhch ybZ okvkEgkLuhch ybZ okvkEgkLuhch ybZ okvkEgkLuhch ybZ okVra;Vra;Vra;Vra;

iksjkLuh f'kdokoa vlaiksjkLuh f'kdokoa vlaiksjkLuh f'kdokoa vlaiksjkLuh f'kdokoa vla

ij ekxa iksVkik.;kpaij ekxa iksVkik.;kpaij ekxa iksVkik.;kpaij ekxa iksVkik.;kpa

lnk u dnk ykxra; filalnk u dnk ykxra; filalnk u dnk ykxra; filalnk u dnk ykxra; fila

xzkeh.k ek.klkaP;k nkfjnz;kps fonkjd fp=.k vkuan ;kno ;kauh

yaxqVh ,o<hch UgkbZ iVVh vkf.k yaxqVh ,o<hch UgkbZ iVVh vkf.k yaxqVh ,o<hch UgkbZ iVVh vkf.k yaxqVh ,o<hch UgkbZ iVVh vkf.k

vkeP;k uf'kch 'ks.kkphp ikVhvkeP;k uf'kch 'ks.kkphp ikVhvkeP;k uf'kch 'ks.kkphp ikVhvkeP;k uf'kch 'ks.kkphp ikVh

;k vksGhrwu O;Dr dsyh vkgs-

xzkeh.k thoukrhy nkfjnz;kcjkscjp ;knokauh izseHkkoukapk vfo"dkjgh vkiY;k dforsrwu

dsyk vkgs- ;k lanHkkZr R;kaph *eG;kph ekrh* ;k laxzgkrhy *rGph Hkkdj* gh dfork y{k.kh;

vkgs- xzkeh.k O;oLFksr ,d= dqVqac i/nrh vlY;kus vkiY;k irhyk euklkj[ka tso.k ?kkyrk

;sr ukgh Eg.kwu nq%[kh >kysyh L=h fprkjyh vkgs- R;k L=hps vkiY;k iRkhoj vikj izse

vlY;keqGs rh irhyk lokZP;k 'ksoVh tso.kkpk lYyk nsrs rks vlk &

tkmu f'kLrhua tsok;yk rqEghtkmu f'kLrhua tsok;yk rqEghtkmu f'kLrhua tsok;yk rqEghtkmu f'kLrhua tsok;yk rqEgh

gGwp mpyk rGph HkkdjgGwp mpyk rGph HkkdjgGwp mpyk rGph HkkdjgGwp mpyk rGph Hkkdj

vkf.k frP;k ikiMk[kkypavkf.k frP;k ikiMk[kkypavkf.k frP;k ikiMk[kkypavkf.k frP;k ikiMk[kkypa

yks.kh] lkaMxa [kkok vxqnjyks.kh] lkaMxa [kkok vxqnjyks.kh] lkaMxa [kkok vxqnjyks.kh] lkaMxa [kkok vxqnj




99


;k dforsrwu izsekph vkarfjd vks< vkf.k R;kcjkscjp vkfFkZd nqcZyrk ;kapk lqjs[k

leUo; ;kno ;kauh lk/kyk vkgs- lokZauk pkaxys tso.k feGkys rj dnkfpr ;k dforsrhy L=h

vkiY;k irhlkBh vls pks:u tso.k ?kky.;kph osG vkyh ulrh- Eg.kts nkfjnz; vkf.k izsekpk

mRd`V vfo"dkj ;k dforsrwu O;Dr >kyk vkgs- ;knokaph dfork xzkfe.k cksyhrwu O;Dr

>kY;kus xzkfe.k okrkoj.k lkdkj >kysys fnlrs- ek= 'ksrh] izse] fulxZ vkf.k dkSVqafcd

ukR;kP;k e;kZnsr R;kaph dfork cafnLr >kY;kus lexz xzkeh.k thou R;kaP;k dforsr tk.kor

ukgh- *eG;kph ekrh* e/khy vkuan ;knokaph dfork ejkBh lkfgR;krhy xzkeh.k

laosnu”khyrsP;k dfork vkfo"dkj e/kyk eSykpk nxM vkgs-

ukukukuk---- ?k ?k ?k ?k---- ns'kikaMs & dfork laxzg & *'khG*] *vfHklkj*] *[kq.kxkB* ns'kikaMs & dfork laxzg & *'khG*] *vfHklkj*] *[kq.kxkB* ns'kikaMs & dfork laxzg & *'khG*] *vfHklkj*] *[kq.kxkB* ns'kikaMs & dfork laxzg & *'khG*] *vfHklkj*] *[kq.kxkB*

;kaP;k *'khG*] *vfHklkj* vkf.k *[kq.kxkB* ;k laxzgkrwu xzkeh.k dfork fyfgY;k vkgsr-

R;kP;k dforsph [kkl oSf'k"V;s Eg.kts o&gkMh cksyh gs vlwu o&gkMh cksyhP;k [kkl <axkus

rh lknj dsY;kus vf/kd yksdkfHkeq[k >kyh- xs;kRedrk gk R;kaP;k dforspk nqljk fo'ks’k gks;-

[kkl yksdxhrkaph y; R;kaP;k dforsyk vkgs-

R;kaP;k dforsr fulxZ] izse vkf.k xzkfe.k lekt gk dsanzLFkkuh fnlrks- izse vkf.k fulxZ

;kapk lqjs[k leUo; R;kauh vkiY;k dforsrwu lk/kyk vkgs-

mnkmnkmnkmnk---- fpac >kyh ikolkus Hkksorh jkuksousfpac >kyh ikolkus Hkksorh jkuksousfpac >kyh ikolkus Hkksorh jkuksousfpac >kyh ikolkus Hkksorh jkuksous

o"kZrk ;sFks l[khph ikolkGh yksp.kso"kZrk ;sFks l[khph ikolkGh yksp.kso"kZrk ;sFks l[khph ikolkGh yksp.kso"kZrk ;sFks l[khph ikolkGh yksp.ks

*'khG* ;k laxzgkrhy R;kaph dfork v'kh fulxZ vkf.k izse tkf.kokauh lkdkjysyh dfork

*vfHklkj* vkf.k *[kw.kxkB* ;k dkO;laxzgkrwu uk-?k-nss'kikaMsuh lkekftd tk.kho O;Dr dsyh

vkgs-

UkkUkkUkkUkk---- /kks/kks/kks/kks---- egkuksj & dforklaxzg & ogh ikolkGh dfork] vftaBk] iGl[ksMph xk.kh] izkFkZuk egkuksj & dforklaxzg & ogh ikolkGh dfork] vftaBk] iGl[ksMph xk.kh] izkFkZuk egkuksj & dforklaxzg & ogh ikolkGh dfork] vftaBk] iGl[ksMph xk.kh] izkFkZuk egkuksj & dforklaxzg & ogh ikolkGh dfork] vftaBk] iGl[ksMph xk.kh] izkFkZuk

n;k/kuk %& n;k/kuk %& n;k/kuk %& n;k/kuk %&

xzkeh.k dforsP;k {ks=krhy yksdfiz; vls ukao gks;- *jkukrY;k dfork* uh egkuksjkaph

ejkBh txrkyk izFke vksG[k >kyh- R;kuarj R;kaps *ogh* *ikolkGh dfork* *vaftBk*]

*iGl[ksMph xk.kh* vkf.k *izkFkZuk n;k?kuk* gs dkO;laxzg izdkf'kr >kys- egkuksjkaph *jkukrY;k

dfork* laxzgkrhy dforkae/kwu izkeq[;kus fgjoGhus HkjxPPk Hkjysyk fulxZ L=hnsgkps :Ik ?ksoqu

O;Dr gksrks- R;keqGs izse] Jaxkjkr rh dfork vf/kd jeek.k >kysyh fnlrs-

fgjO;k ikukr ikukrfgjO;k ikukr ikukrfgjO;k ikukr ikukrfgjO;k ikukr ikukr

t'kh pkoG pkyrst'kh pkoG pkyrst'kh pkoG pkyrst'kh pkoG pkyrs

Hkj Tokuhrhy cksVHkj Tokuhrhy cksVHkj Tokuhrhy cksVHkj Tokuhrhy cksV

MksGs eksMhr pkyrsMksGs eksMhr pkyrsMksGs eksMhr pkyrsMksGs eksMhr pkyrs

100



;k dforsrwu fulxZ izfrekrwu iz.k; vkf.k “kaxkjkps n”kZu ?kMfo.;kr R;kaph dfork

;”kLoh >kyh- fulxZizfrekarwu iz.k;kuqHko O;Dr dj.;kdMs egkuksjkapk dy vf/kd vkgs-

izkFkZuk n;k?kuk laxzgkrhy dfork xzkeh.k okLrokP;k vf/kd toG xsyh vkf.k frFkys Hkh’k.k

okLro ekaMys vkgsr-

okLro xzkeh.k thou O;Dr djrkauk egkuksjkaP;k dforsrhy izfrekaukgh uos ifj.kke

izkIr gksrs- dforsrhy izfrek vkiyk lexz varjax cnyY;kpk izR;; ?kMforkr- izkFkZuk n;k?kuk

;k laxzgkrwu uk /kks egkuksjkauh xzkeh.k thoukps n”kZu ?kMfoys vkgs]

izkizkizkizk---- foBBy ok?k & dforklaxzg & lk;] dk;k ekrhr foBBy ok?k & dforklaxzg & lk;] dk;k ekrhr foBBy ok?k & dforklaxzg & lk;] dk;k ekrhr foBBy ok?k & dforklaxzg & lk;] dk;k ekrhr

izk- foBBy ok?k ;kaph dfork xzkeh.k thou vfHkO;Dr dj.;kr ;”kLoh >kyh vkgs-

*lk;**lk;**lk;**lk;* vkf.k *dk;k ekrhr**dk;k ekrhr**dk;k ekrhr**dk;k ekrhr* ;k laxzgkrhy dfork xzkeh.k thoukpk izR;; ?kMfors- R;kaP;k

dforsrhy fulxZ jkukrhy fidkyk] ekrhyk ek.klkyk] izk.;kyk ,dkp ikrGhoj vk.krks-

R;kaph yksdfiz; >kysyh dfork *frQu* ;kps mnk- gks;]

dk;k ekrhr ekrhr frQu pkyrs] frQudk;k ekrhr ekrhr frQu pkyrs] frQudk;k ekrhr ekrhr frQu pkyrs] frQudk;k ekrhr ekrhr frQu pkyrs] frQu pkyrs pkyrs pkyrs pkyrs

bZt ukprs Fk;Fk;] <x <ksy oktfors*bZt ukprs Fk;Fk;] <x <ksy oktfors*bZt ukprs Fk;Fk;] <x <ksy oktfors*bZt ukprs Fk;Fk;] <x <ksy oktfors*----

ekrhpk fulxkZpk] ikolkpk <xkapk tukojkapk vkf.k “ksrdjh dqVqackpk gk ,dtho xksrkoGk

R;kaps ijLijlaca/k ;kaps lqjs[k ukV; izk- ok?k ;kauh ;k dforsrwu mHks dsys vkgs- yksdxhr vkf.k

xs;kRedrk ;kaP;k leUo;kus R;kaph dfork xzkeh.k euk”kh ,d:i >kyh vkgs-

1975 P;k lqekjkl xzkeh.k lfgR;kP;k izokgkus pGoGhps Lo:i /kkj.k dsys- ;k

xks’Vhapk ifj.kke xzkeh.k dforkaoj >kyk- R;keqGs dforse/;s jktdh; lkekftd ifjfLFkrh fnlw

ykxrs-

mRre dksGxkodj & dforklaxzg & taxy>Mh 1982 mRre dksGxkodj & dforklaxzg & taxy>Mh 1982 mRre dksGxkodj & dforklaxzg & taxy>Mh 1982 mRre dksGxkodj & dforklaxzg & taxy>Mh 1982

mRre dksGxkodj ;kaph dfork izkeq[;kus jktdh; vkf.k lkekftd viizo`Rrhaoj Hkk’;

djrs ijarq R;kpcjkscj R;kaP;k vusd dforkarwu xzkeh.k thoukuqHko O;Dr >kysys vkgsr-

R;kaP;k xzkeh.k dfork dFkkRed Lo:ikP;k vkgsr- viklkrhy oSeuL;s izfrdwy fulxZ]

lkodkjh ik”k] nkfjnz; vkf.k O;luk/khurk b- uh xkatysyk “ksrdjh R;kaP;k vusd dforkarwu

fnlwu ;srks-

mn;ksUeq[k xzkeh.k dforspk pkgwy nk- j- o nGoh okg: lksuko.ks] izfrek baxksys]

banzftr Hkkysjko] ;kaP;k dforsr fnlrs-

nknknknk---- j j j j---- nGoh & dforklaxzg *fla/kqygjh* *ekyo.kh* *[kktk* v nGoh & dforklaxzg *fla/kqygjh* *ekyo.kh* *[kktk* v nGoh & dforklaxzg *fla/kqygjh* *ekyo.kh* *[kktk* v nGoh & dforklaxzg *fla/kqygjh* *ekyo.kh* *[kktk* vkf.k *gkiwl* kf.k *gkiwl* kf.k *gkiwl* kf.k *gkiwl*

nk- j- nGoh gs ekyo.kh cksyhrwu dkO;ys[ku dj.kkjs ifgys doh vkgsr- dksd.kh ek.klkpk

LOkHkko R;kps efuvkWMZojps tx.ks vkf.k R;kps ,dw.kp yksdthou dohus vpwd fViys vkgs-




101


okg: lksuko.ks & dforklaxzg & xks/kM okg: lksuko.ks & dforklaxzg & xks/kM okg: lksuko.ks & dforklaxzg & xks/kM okg: lksuko.ks & dforklaxzg & xks/kM

gk vkfnoklh dk;ZdrkZ vkf.k doh vkgs- fHkyksjh cksyhrwu dkO;jpuk dj.kkjk ifgyk

doh vkgs- xks/kM 1987 R;kaP;k fHkyksjh cksyhrY;k dfork lR;dFks rwu izfl/n >kY;k gksR;k]

R;kaph dfork laxzg:ikus leksj vkyh vkgs- R;kaP;k dforsrwu vkfnoklh thoukrhy dk:.;

“kCnc/n dsys vkgs-

izfrek baxksys & dforklizfrek baxksys & dforklizfrek baxksys & dforklizfrek baxksys & dforklaxzg & HkwykbZ] 'ksrd&;kP;k ukjh] mnDdkj] mn;lksgGkaxzg & HkwykbZ] 'ksrd&;kP;k ukjh] mnDdkj] mn;lksgGkaxzg & HkwykbZ] 'ksrd&;kP;k ukjh] mnDdkj] mn;lksgGkaxzg & HkwykbZ] 'ksrd&;kP;k ukjh] mnDdkj] mn;lksgGk

izfrek baxksys ;kauh dFkkys[kukcjkscj dkO;ys[kugh dsys vlwu R;kaP;k dforsr o&gkMh

xzkeh.k L=hthoukps n”kZu ?kMrs] uo&;kP;k nk:Msi.kkus vkf.k nq’dkGkus xkatysyh mtkxjh

;k dforsrhy L=h ?kj/kU;kph fouo.kh djrkuk Eg.krs]

nqdk;kps fnlnqdk;kps fnlnqdk;kps fnlnqdk;kps fnl

“ksoGhys >jk“ksoGhys >jk“ksoGhys >jk“ksoGhys >jk

Uknkjhys rlkUknkjhys rlkUknkjhys rlkUknkjhys rlk

Rqokp vkljkRqokp vkljkRqokp vkljkRqokp vkljk----

izfrek baxksysP;k dforse/;s L=hthoukO;frjhDr “ksrd&;kauk ;s.kk&;k vusd

vMp.khP;k ekfydkaps o.kZu ;srs-

banzftr Hkkysjko &banzftr Hkkysjko &banzftr Hkkysjko &banzftr Hkkysjko & dforklaxzg & vkEgh dkckMkps /kuh] ihdik.kh] eqyq[k ek>k dforklaxzg & vkEgh dkckMkps /kuh] ihdik.kh] eqyq[k ek>k dforklaxzg & vkEgh dkckMkps /kuh] ihdik.kh] eqyq[k ek>k dforklaxzg & vkEgh dkckMkps /kuh] ihdik.kh] eqyq[k ek>k

gs vktP;k xzkeh.k dforsrhy y{k.kh; uko vkgs- R;kapk ihdik.kh 1989 gk dforklaxzg

izfl/n >kyk vkgs- *ihdik.kh* e/kwu ejkBokM;kps xzkethou ejkBokM;kpk cksyhHkk’ksrwu IkzFkep

vfo’dr gksr vkgs vls Eg.kkos ykxsy Hkkysjkokaph dfork xkokis{kk “ksrkr vf/kd jers

“ksrke/khy isj.khps o.kZu R;kaP;k dforse/;s ;srs- “ksrd&;kaP;k mRiUukr cyqrsnkjkaP;k

dks.kdks.kR;k ukR;kauh fgLlk vlrks ;kps fnXn”kZu djrs- y; vkf.k ygku lgku lanHkkZrwu

xzkethou lk{kkr dj.;kckcr gh dfork HksV cfg.kkckbZ”kh ukrs lkaxrs-

Ekgs”k dsGwldj & dkO;laxzEkgs”k dsGwldj & dkO;laxzEkgs”k dsGwldj & dkO;laxzEkgs”k dsGwldj & dkO;laxzg & *eksj*g & *eksj*g & *eksj*g & *eksj*

Ekkyo.kh cksyhrwu dkO;ys[ku dj.kkjs egs”k dsGwldj gs vk.k[kh ,d mYys[kUkh; doh

gks;] xzkethoufp=.kkckcr R;kauh nGoh ;kaP;k iq<ph ety xkByh vkgs- R;kapk eksj gk

dforklaxzg izfl/n vkgs] R;kaP;k dforkarwu eqacbZgwu ;s.kk&;k efuvkWMZjoj xqtjk.k dj.kk&;k

L=hph vxfrd ifjfLFkrh ;srs- rlsp xzkeh.k ek.klkpk HkDrhHkko vfo’dr gksrks] yksdxhrkaP;k

ijaijsrwu ;k dforsus uknxq.k Lohdkjyk vkgs]

102



fu’d’kZ &fu’d’kZ &fu’d’kZ &fu’d’kZ &

1920 uarj egkjk’Vzkr e-xka/khaP;k [ksM;kdMs pyk ;k fopkjkapk izHkko xzkeh.k lkfgR;koj

iMyk] R;kpk ifj.kke Eg.kwu jfofdj.k eaMGkaph LFkkiuk >kyh ;k dohauh tkuin dfork

baxzthrhy iWLVksjy iks,Vzhph izsj.kk oMZLoFkZ] FkkWel gkMhZ gs dkO;n”kZ leksj Bsowu dkO;fufeZrh

dsyh- R;kuarj uk-?k- ns”kikaMs] x-y- BksdG] x-g- ikVhy ;kaP;k dforkarwu ukxj thou txr

vlrkuk dfoeukyk okV.kkjh xzkethoukph vks< O;Dr gksrs- yksdlkfgR;kus fnysY;k

vfo’dkjijaijk vkRelkr dj.;kpk Ikz;Ru cfg.kkckbZaph dfork vksoh ;k Nankpk ;”kLoh voyac

djrs- R;kuarj 1960 uarj vkuan ;knokph dfork xzkeh.k cksyhrwu O;Dr >kkY;kus xzkeh.k

okrkoj.k lkdkj >kysys vlrs- egkuksjkaph dfork *ogh**ogh**ogh**ogh* gk izknsf”kd vkdfrca/k Lohdkjrs-

banzftr Hkkysjko nk-j- nGoh] egs”k dsGwldj b- dohaP;k dforsr yksdxhrkaps iMlkn

meVorkuk tk.korkr] vfo’dkjijaijk vkRelkr dj.;kr xzkeh.k dfork iw.kZr ;”kLoh >kysyh

ukgh- ;kyk ,dw.kp ejkBh lkfgR;O;ogkjkoj iMysY;k e;kZnk tckcnkj vkgsr- ns”kh vlsy rs

xzkE; vkf.k Eg.kwu R;kT; gh o`Rrh BsoY;kus tkuinxhrs fyfgyh xsyh]

nfyr] xzkeh.k] tuoknh] ekDlZoknh ;k lkfgR; pGoGhaeqGs vyhdMs dksaMh QqVw ykxyh

vkgs] lkfgR; O;ogkjkpk vkl thoukdMs >qdw ykxyk vkgs- xzkeh.k dforspk fopkj djrkuk

gh ifjfLFkrh midkjd Bjrs vkgs] FkksMD;kr mRre dksGxkodj okg: lksuko.ks- izfrek baxksys]

banzftr Hkkysjko] nk-j- nGoh egs”k dsGwldj b- doh- ejkBh xzkeh.k dforspk le`/n bfrgkl

?kMorhy-

lanHkZ &lanHkZ &lanHkZ &lanHkZ &

1- xzkeh.k okM-e;kpk bfrgkl & panzdqekj uyxs

2- ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork & MkW- johanz Bkdwj




103


xzkeh.k lkfgR;xzkeh.k lkfgR;xzkeh.k lkfgR;xzkeh.k lkfgR; o xzkeh.k dforko xzkeh.k dforko xzkeh.k dforko xzkeh.k dfork

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- osnJh fot; fFkxGs osnJh fot; fFkxGs osnJh fot; fFkxGs osnJh fot; fFkxGs

izkpk;kZ] dyk] okf.kT; o foKku egkfo|ky;] «;acds’oj

xzkeh.k laLdrh r’kh izkphup vxnh osndkGkiklwu vfLrRokr vkgs- Hkkjrh; laLdrhpk mn; gh

;sFkwup vkgs- ejkBhr ^xkze*lkBh ^[ksMsxko* gk ‘kCn ;kstysyk vkgs-1111 ^[ksM.ks* Eg.ktsp tfeuhph e’kkxr

dj.ks-2222 ftFks tehuhph e’kkxkr d:u fids ?ksryh tkrkr rh tkxk ^[ksMs*letyh tkrs-3333[ksM;krhy laLdrh

Eg.kts ^xzkeh.k laLdrh*- ;k xzkeh.k laLdrhpk fo’ks”k vlysyh d”kh Eg.kts ‘ksrh- ‘ksrdh laLdrhykgh xzkeh.k

laLdrh Eg.krkr- ^‘ksrh gk xzkeh.k laLdrhpk izk.k vkgs vkf.k xzkethoukps rs ,d dsanz vkgs*4444 ^df”k gs

xzkekaP;k fufeZrhps vkf.k lektfufeZrhpsgh rs dkj.k vkgs-*5 5 5 5 dh T;keqGs laLdrh mHkkjk;yk enrp >kyh- ejkBh

Hkk”ksr xko ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZgh vlk gksrks dh ^ftFks ?kjs cka/kyh tkrkr vkf.k ekuoh oLrh vfLrRokr ;srs*-

xko Eg.kts fof’k”B Hkw{ks=kr ijLijkoyach] ,dftulh Lo:ikr jkg.kkjs xV gks;-6666^ftP;k lHkksorh

dhnZlkj&ofgrhyk tehu vkgs vkf.k ftP;ke/;s ekrCcj vls etwj vkgsr v’kk tkxsyk xko Eg.krkr vkf.k

v’kk xkokP;k gn~nhyk ^f’ko* Eg.krkr7777 xkokP;k lanHkkZr nksu ‘kCn okijrkr- ,d Eg.kts îka<jh* fdaok

^xkoBk.k* nqljk Eg.kts ^dkGh* fdaok jku gks;- 8 8 8 8 xzkethoukps dszan ‘ksrh gksrs o vktgh vkgs- tehu ukax:u

frP;kr ch isj.ks] isjysY;k fc;kaph o jksikaph dkGth ?ks.ks o /kkU; fidfo.ks Eg.kts ‘ksrh dj.ks gks;-9999 laiw.kZ

xzkeh.k thou vkf.k R;kapk mnjfuokZg gk ‘ksrhoj vkf.k ‘ksrh’kh fuxMhr vlysY;k O;olk;ka’kh fuxMhr

vlrks- uOgs gs O;olk; vkf.k ‘ksrh xkoxkM;kps vfoHkkT; vls Hkkx vkgsr- ^xzkeh.k thoukr df”k dsafnzr

laLdrhlkBh xkoxkMk vkf.k xkoxkM;klfgr laLdrh gh r’kh fulxZlUeq[k vlrs*10101010 xzke laLdrhps fulxkZ’kh

_.kkuqca/k tksMysys vlrkr fdacgquk R;kaP;k tx.;kyk fulxkZpsp vf/k”Bku vlrs- ijarq ;k xzke laLdrhr

vkiY;kyk O;fDrdsafnzrrk vk<Gr ukgh- dkj.k bFks O;fDrdsafnzrrsyk Qkjls egRo ulrs lkekftd o

lkaLdfrdrsyk izkIr gksrs- O;fDroknh nf”Vdksu rlk ;k xkoxkM;kr vioknkusp vk<Grks-11111111 dkj.k xko gs

EgVya rj Lokoyach vlrs Eg.kts ‘kgjkoj rs voyacwu vlrs- xkoxkM;krp ek.kls ijkLijka’kh tqGowu ?ksrkr

dkj.k ;sFkhy ijLijkoyacukeqGsp R;kaP;kr ,dtwVgh fnlrs- ;krhy dks.kh ,d loZ ckcrhr Lo;aiw.kZ ulrks

loZfeGwu xko Lo;aiw.kZ gksow ‘kdrs- ;kph tk.kho xkokrhy izR;sdkyk vlrs- ckjk cyqrsnkjh eqGs dkefoHkkx.kh

>kysyh vlrs- ^xzkeh.k ek.klkps tx.ks okx.ks] jkg.ks] R;kps vkpkj] fopkj]nf”Vdksu] Hkko&Hkkouk]

O;Fkk&osnuk ]R;kaP;k leL;k] iz’u ;kauk xkoxkM;kr Qkj egRo vlrs*12121212 iz’kklu] vFkZO;oLFkk vkf.k fofo/k

xjtk ;k nf”Vus xkoxkMk rl izkjaHkh Lo;afuHkZj gksrk- R;kP;k fofo/k izdkjP;k Lokoyacukr Qkjlk cny

>kysyk uOgrk ijarq vOoy baxzt jktoVhr vkf.k Lokra™z;kuarj vkf.k 1960 uarj ek= xkoxkM;kr vkf.k

104



df”klaLdrhr fofo/k {ks=kr fLFkR;arjs fnlrkr-13131313

[ksMh o R;kapk ifjlj o R;kr okoj.kkjh ek.kls] R;kaps thou gs xzkeh.k lkfgR;kps dFkudsanz-

Xkzkethouke/;s ‘ksrdjh vkf.k ‘ksrh gs dasnzLFkkuh- rj ikVhy&dqyd.khZ] dk:&uk:] fQjLrs gs loZ

R;kaP;kHkksorh xqjQqVysys- ‘ksrdjh vkf.k vkyqrsnkj] cyqrsnkj laca/kkuk iwohZiklwu ^dk:&uk:* vls lacks/k.;kr

;srs- ^pkaHkkj* ;k tkrhyk dk: vls Eg.krkr- xkoxkM;kr loZ tkrh ,desdkaoj voyacwu vlrkr- pkaHkkj gk

pIiy f’ko.ks] cka/k.ks ;klkj[kh dkes xkoklkBh djrks- R;k cnY;kr R;kyk thouklkBh vko’;d vl.kkÚ;k

ckch R;k R;k tkrhrhy yksdkadMwu feGr vlrkr- ^xzkeh.k lkfgR; gs os’khaP;k vkrhy vkf.k os’khaP;k

ckgsjhy ek.klkaP;k] xkokrhy o xkokckgsj v’kk loZ ek.klkaP;k tkf.kok O;‰ dj.kkjs lkfgR; vkgs- vukxj

Hkkxkrhy] [ksM;krhy nfyrkaP;k tkf.kok izdV gksr vlrhy rjh rs lkfgR; xzkeh.k lkfgR;p gks;-* 14 14 14 14

[ksM;krhy ek.klkaP;k thoujhrh] J/nkfo’os] ‘ksrh o ful ;kaP;k’kh vl.kkjs Hkkoca/k] xzkeO;oLFksrhy

cyqrsnkjh] lkekftd&vkfFkZd laca/kkaph ikjaifjd O;oLFkk] lgdkj rŸokoj pky.kkÚ;k fofo/k laLFkk]

;a=laLdrhps xzkeh.k thoukoj >kysys vkdze.k o R;kps ifj.kke] vk/kqfudhdj.kkP;k izfdz;sus cnyr pkyysys

xzkeh.k thou] rsFkhy O;‰h o lewg ;krhy rk.k gh xzkeh.k thoukpk dsanzfcanw vlY;keqGs xzxzkeh.k

lkfgR;krwu fulxZdsanzh thoujhrhps n’kZu ?kM.ks LokHkkfod vkgs-

MkW- xks- e- dqyd.khZ ;kauh ^^Hkkjrh; xzkethou gs izk/kkU;kus df”k;q‰ vlys rjh R;kr df”kfu”B

ulysysgh cjsp ?kVd okLrO; djrkr] ;k xks”VhadMs xzkeh.k lkfgR;kps nqyZ{kp >kys vkgs] gs lkfgR;

[ksMsxkokrhy df”klac) ?kVdkps ,dns’khi.ks ¼vKku vkf.k nkfjnz;½ nh?kZdkGkiklwu forj.k djhr vkysys vkgs(

vkf.k R;krgh iqUgk ,d lkpscani.kk Mksdkorks- ;kr nkfjnz;kP;k fdaok vKkukpk fujfujkG;k nf”Vdksukrwugh os/k

?ks.;kpk iz;Ru ukgh

gs xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy tx.ks lkfgR;kr Qkj iwohZp ;k;yk gos gksrs dkj.k ûkxjtukaph lq[k&nq%[ks] R;kaP;k

vk’kk&vkdka{kk] R;kaP;k /kMiMh g;kaukp t.kw okM~-e;hu ewY;s izkIr >kysyh gksrh- myV xzkeh.kkaps thou

jaxfo.ks] xzkeh.kkaP;k cksyhrwu xzkeh.kkauk R;kaP;k okLro leL;kalfgr mHks dj.ks gs t.kw dyklaj{kdkauh dykckg;

Bjfoys gksrs- i.k dykoarkauh xzkeh.kRokadMs v’kh ikB fQjfoY;keqGs R;k thoukiklwu nwj jkfgY;keqGs ejkBh

lkfgR;kphp gkuh >kyh-

• xzkeh.k lkfgR; laKk

• [ksMsxkokrhy d”khoj fuokZg vlysY;k Li`’; ‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k vkf.k Li’; ‘ksretwjkaP;k thoukoj vk/kkjysys

lkfgR;&^xzkeh.k lkfgR;* 15 15 15 15

• vukxj Hkkxrhy vkf.k [ksM;krhy tk.khok izdV dj.kkjs lkfgR; &xzkeh.k lkfgR;- 16161616

• ^df”kdsafnzr fulxZlUeq[k O;oLFkk Eg.kts xzkeh.k lkfgR; 17171717




105


• ^T;kr vktps ok dkyps xzkethou] R;kps euksO;kikj] lkaLdfrd laosnu o R;kaps euksO;kikj l[kksyi.ks

vkf.k lokZaxh.k Lo:ikr O;Dr dj.kkjs lkfgR; &xzkeh.k lkfgR; 18181818

• xzkeh.k thoukps ^xzkeh.kRo* vkf.k R;kaps lkfgR;krhy ^xzkeh.kRo* fulxkZeqGsp izrhr gksrs- fulxZ gk

xzkeh.k thoukpk dsanzfcanw vkgs- rlk rks lkfgR;kpkgh gksrks- v’kk thoukps fp=.k dj.kkjs lkfgR; Eg.kts

xzkeh.k lkfgR; gks;- 19191919

• xzkeh.k thoukrwu Qqy.kkjs vkf.k xzkeh.k okLrokrwu lkdkj gks.kkjs lkfgR; rs xzkeh.k lkfgR; gks;-20202020

• xzkeh.k thoukps] eukps fp=.k dj.kkjs lkfgR;Eg.kts xzkeh.k lkfgR; 2 2 2 21111

• xzkeh.k lkfgR; gs os’khP;k vkrhy vkf.k os’khP;k ckgsjhy ek.klkaP;k rlsp xkokrhy vkf.k xkokckgsjP;k

ek.klkaP;k tk.kho izdkV dj.kkjs lkfgR; vkgs-22222222

• xzkeh.k okLro] xzkeh.k laLdrh o xzkeh.k cksyh ;kapk okij dj.kkjs lkfgR; Eg.kts xzkeh.k lkfgR;

gks;-

• df”ktu lkfgR; gs ‘ksrh’kh lacaf/kr vl.kkÚ;k] xkoxkM;kr ok<ysY;k i.k ‘kks”k.kkyk udkj ns.kkÚ;k]

tkrhikrhP;k fHkarh ikM.;kl vxzde ns.kk&;k ‘ksretwu ‘ksrvkyqrs vkf.k cyqrs] fQjLrs] vkfnoklh ;k

lokZaP;k lkfgR;kpk lekos’k xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr Eg.kts df”ktu lkfgR; vls Eg.krkr- 23232323

• MkW- vkuna ;knokaph xzkeh.k lkfgR;kckcrph dkgh ers-

1- xzkeh.k ys[kdkph gsrwdYiuk xzkeh.kthoukP;k dsanzLFkkukdMs fdrh izek.kkr vkd`”V gksrs] R;ko:u

lkfgR;krhy xzkeh.krk fuf‹pr gksrs-

2- xzkeh.k thou letwu ?ksÅu R;k thoukP;k vaxkusp Lor% R;kfo”k;hps vkdyu ekaMr tk.ks( R;k vaxkus

vkdkj ‘kks/k.ks] vuqHkokph ekaM.kh dj.ks] gsp /;s; letwu lkfgR; fufeZrh dj.ks rsOgkp frP;kr xzkeh.k

jax mr: ykxrkr-

3- xzkeh.k thoukrhy ^czkã.kh laLdrh* rwu fuekZ.k >kysys lkfgR;] xzkeh.k thoukrwu o laLdrhrwu fuekZ.k

>kysY;k lkfgR;kis{kk FkksMs osxGs vlys rjh rsgh xzkeh.k lkfgR; vlrs-24242424

� xzkeh.k lkfgR;kps fo’ks”k

1- ys[kdkoj tUekyk vkysY;k Hkkxkrhy R;kP;k thoukph tM.k ?kM.k dj.kk&;k ifjljkpk vkf.k thou

O;ogkjkapk izHkko vlrks vkf.k rlsp n’kZu R;kP;k dykdrhrwu vkiY;kyk ?kMrs-

2- lkfgR;drhyk lkekftd] lkaLdrhd vkf.k izknsf’kd lanHkZ vlrkr- ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR;kyk v’kk

lanHkkZaph ik’oZHkweh vlY;kus xzkeh.k ejkBh dknacjhyk lkaLdfrd] lkekftd vkf.k izknsf’kd ewY;gh vkgs-

3- xzkeh.k lkfgR;krhy ekuoh thou gs ukxjh thoukis{kk osxGs vkgs- R;kpa Lor%p ,d osxGsi.k vkgs-

ukxjh thoukis{kk bFks yksdla[;k] f’k{k.k] Ik;kZoj.k] ‘ksrh] O;olk;kr Qjd vk<Grks-

106



4- xzkelaLdrhP;k ekuoh oLrhyk] ^xko* fdaok ^xkoxkMk* rlsp ^dkGh* vkf.k îka<jh* vlsgh lacks/krkr-

loZp thou fulxZ vkf.k ‘ksrhoj voyacwu vlrs- R;keqGs ;k yksdkae/;s lkekftd] lkaLdfrd

lgvfLrRo ikgk;yk feGrs-

5- ^xzkeh.k ek.klkps tx.ks okx.ks] jkg.ks] R;kps vkpkj] fopkj]nf”Vdksu] Hkko&Hkkouk] O;Fkk&osnuk ]R;kaP;k

leL;k] iz’u ;kauk xkoxkM;kr Qkj egRo vlrs*

6- xzke gs Lokoyach vlrs vkf.k xzkethou ek= ijLijkoyach vlrs dkj.k ckjk cyqrsnkj i/nrh ;sFks

vfLrRokr vlrs-

7- xzkeh.k lkfgR; gs ejkBh yfyr lkfgR;kpk ,d izdkj vkgs- R;kr xzkeh.kRo vkf.k xzkeh.k laLdrh]

lekt] df”klaLdrhps n’kZu ?kMrs ijarq dkylkis{k fLFkR;arjkauh gs thou vkf.k laLdRkhr cny ?kMrkr

R;keqGs lkfgR;kP;k vk’k; vkf.k fo”k;krgh fofo/krk vkysyh vk<Grs-

8- egkjk”Vªkyk Lora= vfLrRo feGkys- uO;k fo”k;kph] nf”Vdksukph] Lokra™;kph] vfLrRokph] {ks=kph tk.kho

vkiY;kyk >kyh vkgs- R;keqGs ekuoh thoukr vkf.k ns’kkP;k tM.k?kM.khe/;s d”kh thouke/;s vusd

fLFkR;arjs vkysyh vkgsr dh T;keqGs R;kaP;k tM.k?kM.khr] fopkjlj.khr] nf”Vdksukr R;k R;k

ifjfLFkrhe/;s cny >kysys vkgsr-

9- 1960uarj lkfgR;ke/;s uouohu izokg vkys vkgsr- Hkkjrke/;s tkxfrdhdj.k] [kktxhdj.k o

mnkRrhdj.k >kY;keqGs xzkeh.k Hkkx] ‘kgjh Hkkx] rlsap ekuoh thou vkf.k d”kh thou ;ke/;s vewykxz

cny >kys- R;keqGs xzkeh.k] nfyr] tuoknh] L=hoknh] foKku] dkexkj] vkfnoklh bR;knh okM~-e;hu

izokgkauh ejkBh lkfgR; le/n vkf.k laiUu >kys-

10- Xkzkeh.k lkfgR;kP;k izsj.ksr egkRek Qqys] ‘kkgw egkjkt vkf.k vkacsMdjkaps fopkjgh nMysys vkgsr-

11- vktP;k xzkeh.k lkfgR;krhy xzkeh.k thoukps n’kZu vktps okV.;kis{kk dkypsp okVrs-

12- vkiY;k okpdkauk d’kkizdkjpa xzkeh.k lkfgR; goa vkgs gs laiknd&izdk’kdkauh y{kkr ?ksrysya vkgs o

laiknd&izdk’kdkapk dy lkaHkkGwu gs ys[ku dj.ks gs xzkeh.k lkfgfR;dkauk brdh vaxoG.kh iMysya

vkgs dh dGr&udGr r’kk izdkjpa ys[ku xzkeh.k lkfgfR;d djhr vkgsr- R;keqGs uos dkgh ns.;kpk

dkgh ys[kdkapk iz;Ru vkgs rj dkgh ys[kd uO;k Lo:ikr ns.;kph dqor rs gjowu clysys vkgsr-

13- vktph nG.koG.kkph osxoku lk/kus] vkS|ksfxdj.kkus fuekZ.k gksr pkyysyk ok<rk lkpscani.kk vkf.k

fulxkZph gksr pkyysyh mis{kk ;k xks”Vh xzkeh.k fo’okoj vk?kkr djhr vlY;kps tk.kors- ;kps fp=.k

vusd ejkBh dknacÚ;kae/;s fpf=r >kys vkgs-

14- vkfFkZd dk;Zdzekr ‘ksrhyk vxzde fnyk ikfgts] ‘ksrh mRiknu ok<Y;kf’kok; ‘ksrhph fLFkrh lq/kkj.kkj

ukgh vkf.k ‘ksrdjh vkfFkZdn”V;k Lokoyach o Lo;aiw.kZ cuY;kf’kok; jk”Vªks/nkj v’kD; vkgs-




107


15- Lokra«;ksŸkj dkGkr xzkeh.k lkfgR;kpk os/k ?ksrkauk lkBksŸkjh dkGkrhy okM~-e;hu vkf.k lkekftd

d”khthoukpk lanHkZ ,d”khfo”k;d leL;k ;k dkGkrhy xzkeh.k lkfgR;kyk vkgs-

16- d”khthoukrhy fLFkR;arjs xzkeh.k lkfgR;kP;k vk/kkjs nk[kfoysyh vkgsr-

17- Lokra«;ksŸkj dkGkr vusdfo/k vaxkauh lektthou cnyys- R;ke/;s uos ra=Kku] ;kaf=dhdj.k] f’k{k.k

;kapk izHkko fnlrks-

18- d”khthoukrhy >kysyh fLFkR;arjs gh nq”dkG] vf’kf{kri.kk] vKku] jktdkj.k] lkekftdrk ;ko;j

voyacwu vkgsr-

19- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkspk ‘ksrh gk izeq[k ?kVd vkgs- R;keqGs eksB;k izek.kkr fLFkR;arjs ?kMwu vkysyh vkgsr-

20- ijaijk] uSlfxZd vkiŸkh] csjkstxkjh] lkodkjh ;keqGs ‘ksrhP;k vFkZO;oLFksoj ifj.kke >kyk vkgs-

21- ls> gh uohu ladYiuk letY;keqGs tkxfrdhdj.kkpk ‘ksrhoj >kysyk ifj.kke o ls>ps Lo:Ik letrs-

22- [kktxhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k] fodsanzhdj.kkps egŸo] Qk;ns o rksVs fpf=r >kys vkgs-

23 njo”khZ tkghj gks.kkjs jk”Vªh; d”khfo”k;d /kksj.k vkf.k ‘ksrhiwjd ;kstukaps egŸo xzkeh.k lkfgR;krwu ;srs-

24 d”khthoukrhy izxr ra=Kku] vkS|ksfxdj.k vkf.k f’k{k.k ;kapk Lohdkj fdaok udkj dkgh izek.kkr xzkeh.k

lkfgR;krwu O;Dr gksrks-

vk/kqfud ejkBh ledkyhu xzkevk/kqfud ejkBh ledkyhu xzkevk/kqfud ejkBh ledkyhu xzkevk/kqfud ejkBh ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR;kps LOk:ih.k lkfgR;kps LOk:ih.k lkfgR;kps LOk:ih.k lkfgR;kps LOk:i

ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr ljGekxhZ txw ikg.kk&;k ek.klkP;k eukpk dksaMekjk]xqnejysi.k]

R;kyk tk.ko.kkjh nkgdrk] ifjfLFkrhP;k Hkkso&;krys gksjiGysi.k gs vktP;k xkzeh.k ys[kdkaP;k ys[k.khps

fo’o vlY;kps tk.kors-

vktpk ys[kd thoudMs MksGli.ks ikgrks- uO;k ifjorZukyk lkeksjk tkrks- R;krhy =qVh n’kZforks]

leL;kaoj ekr dj.;kl mik; ‘kks/krks vkf.k lkaxrksgh- R;kph gh leL;kaoj ekr dj.;kph ok<hl ykxysyh

izoRrh lkfgR;kP;k n”Vhus vkxGhosxGh vkgs- ;k fi<hps ys[ku gs vkReHkku ns.kkjs fdaok varewZ[k dj.kkjs vkgs-

Lo;acGkoj dkgh ekaMrkr- tls MkW- oklqnso eqykVs Eg.krkr dh ek>k loZ mesnhpk dkG gk xkzeh.k

pGoGhlkBh xsyk- ‘kksf”kr]fiMhr]vlgk;] vxfrd ek.klkafo”k;h d.ko gk xkzeh.k pGoGhpk gsrw gksrk rksp

ekb;k ys[kukrwu izdV gksrks- d”Vdjh] Jedjh ek.kwl [ksM;kr vktgh jkgrks- ekxP;k lkfgR;kr xkzeh.k

pGoGhaiq<s nfyr pGoGhapk vkn’kZ gksrk rjh rso<h nkgdrk xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr tk.kor uOgrh vkf.k vktgh

ukgh-nfyr pGoG gh MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkaP;k fopkjkauh izsfjr >kysyh gksrh Eg.kwu nfyr pGoGhus

nfyr lkfgR;krwu MkW- ckcklkgsckaP;k fopkjkaP;k vf/k”Bkukph ekaM.kh dsyh r’kh xzkeh.k pGoGhyk gs

vf/k”Bku uhV ls ekaMrk vkys ukgh ;kpk vFkZ fryk vf/k”Bku ukgh fdaok uOgrs vls ukgh rj ;k pGoGhyk

iks”kd vls fopkj egkRek Qqys] ‘kkgw egkjkt ] jkuMs] yksdfgroknh] egkRek xka/kh vkf.k MkW- ckcklkgsc

108



vkacsMdjkauh fnysys fnlrkr- vktP;k ys[kdkauh fofo/k fo”k;krhy vusd rKkaP;k fopkjkaps] pGoGhaps

vf/k”Bku ekaM.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk vlyk rjh ekxhy lkfgR;k’khap R;kaph ukG vf/kd tksMysyh fnlrs-

vkt xzkeh.k pGoG FkaMkoyh vlyh rjh ys[kdkaps ys[ku FkaMkoysys ukgh- tqU;k EgksjD;kaph tkxk

usgeh uohu r:.k fi<h ?ksr vlrs vkf.k gh fi<h ?ksow ikgrs vkgs-gh fi<h R;kaP;k lHkksorkyP;k okLrokph

tk.kho d:u nsr vkgs-

vk/kqfud ejkBh ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; %&vk/kqfud ejkBh ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; %&vk/kqfud ejkBh ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; %&vk/kqfud ejkBh ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR; %&

• gs lkfgR; ?kVdkHkjkph dsoG dje.kwd djhr ukgh-

• jaxsy fdLls lkax.;klkBh dsoG ys[ku djhr ukgh-

• :ph ikyVklkBhgh fyfgys tkr ukgh-

• Ekkx.khpk iqjoBk fdaok LokURk lq[kk; lkBhgh fyfgys tkr ukgh-

• xzkeh.k lkfgR;kyk vkrk uo fo”k;kaps f{krht ] uO;k tkf.kokapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks vko’;d vkgs vkf.k

ledkyhu fi<h rks ?ksrkauk fnlrs-

• fo-l-[kkaMsdj R;kaP;k ledkyhu xzkeh.k lkfgR;kfo”k;h Eg.krkr dh ^[ksM;kfo”k;h dfork dq.kh EgVyh

dh vusadkaph rksaMs fo’o:Ik n’kZu ?ks.kk&;k vtqZuk izek.ks Ogk;ph-* vkrk r’kh fLFkrh ukgh- varewZ[k

djk;yk yko.kkjs fo”k; gh uoh fi<h gkrkGrkauk fnlrs ex rks lgdkj pGoG vlks ukgh rj T;s”BkaP;k

thoukph gks.kkjh vogsyuk vlks ukgh rj ‘ksr tehuh fodwu ‘ksrd&;kaP;k eqykaP;k vk;q”;kr mn;kyk

vkysyh foyklh fdaok pSuh voLFkk vlks-

• ,ds dkGh egkRek xka/khaps ^[ksM;kdMs pyk* gs xzkeks/nkjkyk iszj.kk ns.kkjs fo/kku gksrs rs vktgh vlY;kps

tk.kors-

• vktP;k fi<hP;k ys[kukr df”kfu”B ulysys vusd fo”k; lekfo”V >kysys fnlrkr-

• xzkeh.k lektkryk ,[kknk uok ys[kd tsOgk uO;kusp ys[kukfHkeq[k gksrks rsOgk R;k lektkrhy ys[kdkaP;k

eukr LolektkP;k lanHkkZrhy tkf.kokaukp LGkkfodi.ks vxzLFkku nsrks- ;krqu Lofd;ka’kh Lodh;srjkapk

laca/k tksMw ikgrks-

• xzkeh.k thoukrhy ifjorZukcjkscjp dkgh uos iz’u ekaMrkauk gh fi<h fnlrs- ‘kklukdMwu feG.kkjs dtZ]

QsMrk u vkY;keqGs ‘ksrd&;kus dsysyh vkRegR;k] ‘kklukus fnysY;k ch&fc;k.kkr HkslG vl.ks]

O;kik&;kaps [kksVh [krs] dhVduk’kds nsowu Qlfo.ks] lgdkjh cWadk vkf.k lkslk;VhaP;k dtkZlkBh

vlysY;k tkpd vVh] fdaok ‘ksrd&;kaph ‘kklu ikrGhoj uO;k ra=Kkukus lq: >kysyh ijoM

ekaM.;kpkgh iz;Ru ledkyhu ys[kdkapk fnlrks-




109


• xzkeh.k thoukrhy loZp ?kVd deh vf/kd Qjdkus vkiyh dwl cnyw ikgr vkgsr vkf.k vkiys ukrs

uO;kus ‘kgjhdj.kk’kh tksMw ikgr vkgsr-

• 1990 uarjP;k izxr ra+=Kkukus lkekftd thou <oGwu fu?kkys gksrs rls vkrkP;k 21 O;k ‘krdkP;k

uouO;k iz.kkyhaP;k mn;kus <oGwu fu?kkys vkgs-

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ

1- vfouk’k lgL=cq/ns] lekt vkf.k lkfgR;] yksdokM~-e; xg eqacbZ] lk- vk- i`-3]4

2- ukxukFk dksRrkiYys] xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo:Ik vkf.k ‘kks/k] Lo:Ik izdk’ku] vkSjaxkckn] rrh; vkoRrh26

tkusokjh 2007] i` 18½

3- ukxukFk dksRrkiYys] xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo:Ik vkf.k ‘kks/k ] i` 18

4- vkuan ;kno] xzkelaLdrh] esgrk ifCyf’kax gkml] iq.ks] iqueqZnz.k 2004 i`-9

5- x.ks’k ns’keq[k] xzkeh.k lekt thou vkf.k lkfgR; ]Lo:Ik izdk’ku] vkSjaxkckn] izFke vkoRrh]

05lIVscj]2008] i` 207½

6- t;ar dGds]izkphu ejkBh lkfgR;krhy lekt thou]n;kZ izdk’ku iq.ks] tkus95 i`-15

7- v=s f=- uk- xkoxkMk]ojnk cqDl] iq.ks] iqueqZnz.k 1 tkusokjh 1995 i`-1

8- v=s f=- uk- xkoxkMk]ojnk cqDl] iq.ks] iqueqZnz.k 1 tkusokjh 1995 i`-1

9- egknso tks’kh]Hkkjrh; fo’odks’k]nqljk [kaM] Hkkjrh; laLdrh eaMG] iq.ks iz- vkoRrh] 1964 i` 462

10- ukxukFk dksRrkiYys] xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo:Ik vkf.k ‘kks/k ]Lo:Ik izdk’ku] vkSjaxkckn] rrh; vkoRrh26

tkusokjh 2007] i` 15]16½

11- x.ks’k ns’keq[k] xzkeh.k lekt thou vkf.k lkfgR; ]Lo:Ik izdk’ku] vkSjaxkckn] izFke vkoRrh] 05

lIVscj]2008] i` 203

12- oklqnso eqykVs] xzkeh.k dFkk % Lo:u vkf.k fodkl ]Lo:Ik izdk’ku] vkSjaxkckn] f}rh; vkoRrh] 2005

i` 03½

13- x.ks’k ns’keq[k] xzkeh.k lekt thou vkf.k lkfgR; ] i` 209½

14- MkW- Jhjke xaaqnsdj]xzkeh.k lkfgR;%iszj.kk vkf.k Lo:i ]fnyhijkt izdk’ku izk- fy- iq.ks] izFke vko`Rrh]

1999] i` 25½

15- vkuan ;kno] xzkelaLdrh] esgrk ifCyf’kax gkml] iq.ks] iqueqZnz.k 2004 i`-1

16- vkuan ;kno] xzkelaLdrh i`-25

17- ¼ukxukFk dksRrkiYys] xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo:Ik vkf.k ‘kks/k ] i` 25½

110



18- xks- e- dqyd.khZ] ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR; % ifjlj vkf.k izokg esgrk ifCyf’kax gkml iq.ks] izFkr

vkoRrh] tkusokjh 1999] i`- 51]½

19- n-rk- Hkkslys]yksdthou vkf.k yksdlaLdrh] egkjk”V laLdrh eaMG] eqacbZ]izFke vkoRrh 2005]i-

141]½

20- ukxukFk dksRrkiYys] xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo:Ik vkf.k ‘kks/k ] i`- 08½

21- xks-ek- iokj] lkfgR;ewY; vkf.k vfHk:ph]lkdsr izdk’ku] vkSjaxkckn] izFke vkoRrh 1964]i- 190½

22- oklqnso eqykVs] xzkeh.k dFkk % Lo:u vkf.k fodkl ]Lo:Ik izdk’ku] vkSjaxkckn] f}rh; vkoRrh] 2005

i` 53

23- jktu xol] iksiV lkriqrs] pGoG vkf.k lkfgR; ‘kCnky; izdk’ku] Jhjkeiwj] izFke vkoRrh] 15

vkWxLV 2009 i`- 67½

24- ;kno vkuan] ^xzkeh.krk % lkfgR; vkf.k okLro*] esgrk ifCyf’kax gkÅl] izFke vkoÙkh] iq.ks 1981] i`-

87-




111


tkxfrdhdj.kk uarjph xzkeh.k dforktkxfrdhdj.kk uarjph xzkeh.k dforktkxfrdhdj.kk uarjph xzkeh.k dforktkxfrdhdj.kk uarjph xzkeh.k dfork

izkizkizkizk---- ukjk;.k ikVhy ukjk;.k ikVhy ukjk;.k ikVhy ukjk;.k ikVhy

deZohj jkolkgsc Fkksjkr egkfo|ky;] o.kh] Rkk-fnaMksjh] ft- ukf”kd

Tkkxfrdhdj.kkph izfdz;k vVG vlyh rjh 1991 uarjP;k dkGkr xzkeh.k Hkkxkr R;keqGs

nkfjnz;] csdkjh o cdkyi.kk ok<yk- “kgjkauk lwt ;smu ukxjh leL;k rhoz >kY;k vlY;k

rjh nql&;k cktwus [ksMh vksl o Hkdkl gksmu m/oLFk gksm ykxyh vkgs- eksckbZy lax.kd

jLrs fV-OghaP;k okfgU;k b- fdrhrjh uohu fdrhrjh ckch [ksM;kai;Zar iksgkspY;k vLkY;k rjh

^vkfFkZd lqcRrk* gk tks tkxfrdhdj.kkpk ifj.kke lkafxryk tkrks] rks [ksM;ki;Zar iksgkspyk

ukgh- myV egkxkbZ otk ukfidh eqGs “ksrd&;kauk “ksrh dj.ks o tx.ks vo?kM gksm ykxys-

R;kpk ifj.kke Eg.kts bfrgklkr d/khp u >kysys “ksrd&;kaP;k vkRegR;kaps l= ;k n”kdkr

ok<ysys vkgs- 2006 ;k ,dkp o’kkZr fonHkZ o [kkans”k ;sFkhy ,dq.k 278 “ksrd&;kauh vkRegR;k

dsY;k gk vkdkar “kCnc/n~ djrkauk banzftr Hkkysjkokalkj[kk doh Eg.krks-

^tkxfrdhdj.kkpk ,saMz~hupk aMck dq.kh /kqryk fueZG xaxsr

fujkxl fogkj dj.kk&;k ukdkr

dq.kh vk.kqu dksacyk vpkud vkdkar!*

ek= gh vkdMsokjh o ckrE;k okpwugh lekt o jkT;drsZ mnklhu vkgsr R;koj Hkk’;

djrkauk rs ij[kMi.ks ukasnorkr-

iariz/kku Eg.kkys %

^?ksrysY;k dtkZp vkf.k dqVaaqckp fu;kstu djrk ;sr ukgh- Eg.kqu “ksrdjh vkRegR;k djrkr

“ksrd&;kauh fopkjy &

ns”kkp fu;kstu teya ukgh Eg.kwu fdrh iariz/kkukauh vkRrk Ik;Zar vkRegR;k dsyh\

;k vkRegR;kaph dkj.kehekalk djrkauk vfouk”k xk;dokM fyghrkr-

^vlqMk ,soth

vkRegR;k djrks “ksrdjh

dkcht T;kaP;k reke L=ksr] tehu] ik.kh

gkyr ukgh R;kaph tM dkrMh!*

gs tkM dkrMhph yksd dks.k vkgsr\ R;kph tk.khogh ;k fi<hyk >kyh vkgs- Eg.kqup doh

lqjs”k f”kans uksanforkr ik.kh [kG;kr iMks dh EkG;kr

tkrs ek= R;kaP;kp rG;kr*

112



fdaok “ksrhrhy d’Vkps egkHkkjr uksanforkauk rs Eg.krkr-

^dkxnkoj dkG dj.;k brda

lksia vlr dk;\

ekrhyk fgjo dj.ka

thop oki”kkoj isjkok ykxrks-

rsOgk mxorks fgjok dksac

ckckauks

rqeP;k vkdM;kauk vkf.k v{kjkauk

rj ekT;k fMxzhyk

okGoh ykxyh ulrh

ex ekT;k ckikua

vkRegR;k dk dsyh vlrh dkj.k ijaijk ekfgr >kY;kus pDd doh vkrk ^vkRegR;k

udks gR;k djk;yk f”kd* vls vkokgu djrks-

xzkeh.k thoukrhy ;k fHk’k.k osnuspa dqG o eqG “kks/kr vlrkaukp vktph xzkeh.k

dfork “kks’k.kk fojks/kh tk.kho izdV djrs o caM[kksjhps yky fu”kk.k QMdkors- ^lkrckjk e/;s

doh ukjk;.k lqear ^QkG^ isVoqu Bso vls vkokgu d#u ekyklkscr cktkjkr

rq>h osnukgh ekaM

fiG.kk&;k gj ,d pjdk”kh HkkaM*

R;k f”kok; Ik;kZ; ulY;kps lqpforkr- rj lat; cky?kkVs lkj[kk doh ^tkxrs Ogk rqEgh

psrrs Ogk rqEgh ;k ekrhoj jkgrkauk Hkqehoj ;k rqVrkauk R;k nq;ksZ/kukl dkirs Ogk rqEgh*

fdaok fdlu ?kk#Gs lkj[kk doh ^xsyk Hkk’k.kkpk dkG iqjs vkrk jMxk.ka d# yqVhph olqyh

gkrh ?ksmu #eky v”kh izfrdkjkph jks[k Bksd Hkk’kk okijrks- R;ko#u dsoG jkukr] ikolkr

lq[kh “ksrdjh xzkeh.k thoukps fp=.k dj.;kr je.kk&;k ijaijkxr dforsis{kk] dsoG

okLrkokpsp izdVu dj.;kis{kk R;k ekxhy dkj.kkapk “kks/k ?ksmu “kks’khrkaP;k fojks/kh vkdzked

>kysyh vktph xzkeh.k dfork T;k caM[kksj Hkkousus fyfgyh tkrs rs y{kkr ?ksrY;kl xzkeh.k

lkfgR;kr vkrk [k&;k vFkkZus fgjO;k igkVs uarj rkacMh igkV fuekZ.k >kY;kph vk”okld

tk.kho >kY;kf”kok; jkgr ukgh-

1980 uarjP;k n”kdkr xzkeh.k Hkkjrkr ts m/oLFk i.kkps egkHkkjr ?kMrs vkgs R;kps

laIkUu o le`/n~ vls fp=.k vktph xzkeh.k dfork djrs vkgs- Vkgks] isjk] ik<k] vuok.kh ik;]

cGhoar] “kj.kkxrkps Lrks=] xkodGk] dq.kC;kph dfork] lkrckjk] 21 O;k “krdkP;k

macjB;koj tUe ?ks.kk&;k rkUg;k eqYkkl jkl o xkasMj] >kMekrh] olk.k] rkaMk] rkrja ¼ckykth




113


baxGs½ ;klkj[ks fuoMd laxzg fdaok ekxhy fi<hrhy foB~By ok?k fdaok egkuksj ;kaph

iku>M] izkFkZuk n;k?kuk] o`’kHklwDr&ikml xk.kh b- laxzg ;k uO;k okVsusp tkrkauk fnlrkr-

,dw.k uO;k fLFkR;arjk uarj 1980 uarjph xzkeh.k dfork v”kh vkgs- R;k lanHkkZrhy dkgh

fujh{k.ks la{ksikus uksanoqu eh Fkkacrks-

;k iqohZP;k dky[kaMkr xzkeh.k dfork gh rhu izo`Rrhauh fyfgyh xsysyh fnlrs- cfg.kkckbZ

pkS/kjh ¼yksdokM-e;½] vkuan ;kno ¼vk/kqfud okLrooknh½] uk- /kks- egkuksj ¼jksekaVhd½ vkt ek=

gh oxZokjh /kqlj >kyh vlqu 1980 uarjph xzkeh.k dfork gh laiq.kZi.ks okLrooknh o “kks’k.kk

fojks/kh tk.kho izdV dj.kkjh Vksdnkj dfork vkgs-

tkxfrdhdj.kkeqGs [ksMh Hkdkl o mnkl gksr pkyyh vkgs- “ksrd&;kaP;k vkRegR;kaps

izek.k ok<rs vkgs- gs cnyrs thou okLro vkTkP;k ledkfyu dforsus cgqrka”kh “kCnc/n~ dsys

vkgs-

1980 Ik;Zar xkoxkMk ckgs#u dkslGq ykxyk R;kph osnuk] [kar O;Dr dj.kkjh dfork

vkjaHkh fuekZ.k >kyh vlyh rjh xko vkrk vkrqu dkslGq ykxys vkgs- vktps gs eqY;ghu o

dGkghu thou vusdkauk vLoLFk djrkauk fnlrs-

la[;kRed n`’V;k vR;ar vioknkRedi.ks vk<G.kkjh xzkeh.k dfork ;k dkGkRk [kqip

eksB;k izek.kkr fyfgyh tkrs- ,dk cktqus ejkBh lkfgR;kyk e/;orhZ ekuyk xsysyk ukxjh

dforspk izokg y{kkr ?ksmu R;kph rqyuk dsY;kl xzkeh.k dforspk gk dky[kaM cgjkpk o

fodklkpk ekukok ykxsy-

yksdkuqjatu] euksjatu ;k ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR;kP;k o Ik;kZ;kus xzkeh.k dforsP;k eq[;

izsj.kk jkfgY;k vkgsr- ek= ;k dkGkrhy v”kh dfork Eg.kts tkxj e/;eoxhZ;kaP;k #ph

ikYkVklkBh fyfgyh tk.kkjh dfork gh lq/n~k okLro y{khp >kysyh fnlrs- ukjk;.k lqear]

lqjs”k f”kans] Hkjr nkSaMdj] izdk”k ?kksMds ;kapk funsZ”k R;k lanHkkZr djrk ;sbZy-

xzkeh.k Hkk’ksP;k okijk fo’k;h 1980 uarjP;k dkGkr uO;k fi<hus loZ ladsr >qxkjysys

fnlrkr- vfgjk.kh] o&gkMh] dksd.kh ;k cksyhrwu vLly xzkeh.k cksyhrhy dfork t”kh ;srs

rlsp ljldV fo/kkukaps #i ?ksmu ;s.kkjh] v’Vk{kjh Nankpk okij d#u ;edc/n vfHkO;Drh

dj.kkjh v”kh loZp #is ;k dkGkr vk<Grkr- vuqHko o tk.kho izek.k ekuwu R;kuqlkj

vfHkO;Drh&fo”ks’kkauk izek.k eku.kkjh ekufldrk ;k dkGkr fnlwu ;srs-

;k dkGkr xzkeh.k thoukps fp= o HkkofoÜo cnyys- ekfgrh&ra=Kku] baVjusV b-P;k

izlkjkeqGs xzkeh.k ys[kdkauk xzaFk lkfgR; izdk”kus] nqjn”kZu] orZeku i=kaP;k ftYgk vko`R;k] b-

eqGs la/khph “kD;rk ok<yh- iq.;k&eqacbZ iqjrk e;kZfnr izdk”ku O;ogkj xko]

114



rkyqdkikrGhojgh vkyk R;keqGs vkrk dks.khgh pVdu ^doh* gksr vlyk rjh R;kekxs

vko”;d vl.kkjh fparu”khyrk] riÜp;kZ tk.kor ukgh-] v”kk fdrh rjh ckch

ukasnfo.;klkj[;k vkgsr- 1980 o fo”ks’kRk% 1991 uarjpk dky[kaM laiq.kZ HkkjrkP;k n`’Vhus

^,frgkfld* vkgs- ;k iokZr dkGkP;k dlksVhoj êqY;oku* vl.kkjsp fVd.kkj vkgsr- R;k

n`’Vhus vktP;k xzkeh.k dforspk izokg le`/n~ o laiUu okVrks gsp xzkeh.k lkfgR;kP;k o

dforsP;k izokgkP;k n`’Vhus vkÜokld fpUg okVrs-


1- Xkzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoG vkf.k vkEgh- oklqnso eqYkkVs] esgrk i- gkml tkusokjh 1996

2- lkBksRrjh ejkBh okM-e;krhy izokg] MkW “kj.k dqekj fyackGs] fnyhijkt izdk”ku]tqu

2007

3- ejkBh dfork vkdyu vkf.k vLokn] iaMhrjko iokj] nkLrkus vkf.k da- 2005

4- ledkyhu lkfgR; ppkZ] MkW-euksgj tk/ko] Jhdkar ns”keq[k] izfrek izdk”ku] tqu 2010




115


ltZuf”ky doh & banzthr HkkysjkoltZuf”ky doh & banzthr HkkysjkoltZuf”ky doh & banzthr HkkysjkoltZuf”ky doh & banzthr Hkkysjko

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- Jherh ,eJherh ,eJherh ,eJherh ,e---- thththth---- ikVhyikVhyikVhyikVhy

ds- vkj- Vh- dyk o okf.kT; egkofn;ky; o.kh rk- fnaMksjh] ft- ukf”kd

banzthr Hkkysjko xzkeh.k doh Eg.kwu lkfgR; {ks=kr izfl/n vkgs- ;kapk tUe 5 tkusokjh

1962 e/;s >kyk- eqGpk gk doh ijHk.khpk- xkokpk vLly ekrh”kh ukra lkax.kkjk]

“ksrd&;kaP;k dkckMd’Vkauk vkiY;k dforsr LFkku ns.kkjk doh- ;kaps ckyi.k vkf.k uarjps

thou xzkeh.k Hkkxkr xsys vlY;kus xzkeh.k thoukpk] ”ksrhokMhpk] rlsp “ksrd&;kaP;k nSU;kpk]

nq%[kkpk nkgd vuqHko R;kaP;kdMs vkgs- okLro vuqHko dforsr izfrfcachr gksrkr ;keqGs dfork

thoar okVrs- doh banzthr Hkkysjko ;kaph dfork xzkeh.k thouk”kh tksMysyh vkgs- ;keqGs

dforsr xzkeh.k laLdrhps iMlkn meVysys fnlrkr-

banzthr Hkkysjko gs ltZu”khy doh vkgs- dforsr fpf=r dsysys vuqHko vkf.k “kCn

R;kaps Lor%psp vkgsr rjh R;kaP;k dforsoj foB~By ok?k] vkuan ;kno] cfg.kkckbZ ;k xzkeh.k

dohpk izHkko fnlwu ;srks-

1985 P;k njE;ku egkjk’Vª jkT; lkfgR; vkf.k laLd`rh eaMGkps uoksfnr ys[kdkaps

f”kfcj dksYgkiwje/;s Hkjys gksrs- R;k f”kchjkr doh banzthr Hkkysjko gs f”kfcjkFkhZ gksrs- f”kfcjkr

R;kauh uof”kf{kr nkEiR;kph o.kZu dj.kkjh dfork lknj dsyh- R;k dforspk fo’k; vlk gksrk

dh] uofookfgr dqGach.k vkiY;k /kU;kyk lkatP;kyk yodj ?kjh ;s.;kps fuea=.k dls nsrs gk

izlax ?ksryk vkgs- xzkeh.k Hkkxkr ?kj ek.klkauh Hkjysy vlra- oMhy/kk&;k ek.klkaleksj

uo&;k”kh cksyrk ;sr ukgh- “ksrkojgh /kuh ek.klkaP;k xjkM;kr vlrks- R;keqGs laokn lk/krk

;sr ukgh- Eg.kwu rw vkt ?kjh yodj ;s vlk fujksi uo&;kyk Hkkdjh ok<rkauk rh vcksyi.ks

nsrs- brjkaP;k Hkkd&;k vkf.k uo&;kaph Hkkdjh ;kr FkksMklk Qjd djrs- uojkP;k Hkkdjhyk

daqdokpk boyklk fVdk ykors-lans”k uo&;kyk u lkaxrk dGrks- o rks la/;kdkGh yodj

vkSr lksMrks- gs fuosnu JksR;kae/;s clysys izdk”kd ,sdr vlrkr- R;kauk dforsr *tku^ vkgs

vls okVys o R;kauh Hkkysjko ;kaph HksV ?ksowu loZ izdkf”kr] vizdkf”kr dfork teoY;k o

1989 e/;s ^fidik.kh* gk dfork laxzg izdkf”kr dsyk- ^fidik.kh* gk banzthr Hkkysjko ;kapk

izfl/n vkf.k ifgyk dfork laxzg vkgs-

^fidik.kh* dfork laxzgkuarj dohus ,dkekxwu ,d lkfgR;drhph fufeZrh dsyh-

jkueG;kaph okV] nwj jkfgyk xko] dkckMkps /kuh] dq.kchuhph dgk.kh] mxoys ukjk;.k]

xkokdM py ek÷;k nksLrk] isjk] Vkgks] Hkwehps eknZo] ukn] xkÅ fttkÅl vkEgh] eqyw[k ek>k]

116



ospysY;k dfork gs dfork laxzg fyfgys- xkokdM-¼ckylkfgR;½ ;kf”kok; yky fp[ky ¼dFkk

laxzg½] xkbZ vkY;k ?kjh] yGk] frQulkt ¼yfyr ys[k½] fiz; vkck] e&gkVokMh eGk]

fidik.kh ¼dknac&;k½] ?kjhnkjh ¼pfj=½] eG;krhy vaxkj ¼ekfgrhij]lkeftd½] lar tukckbZ]

rkjkckbZ f”kans] fttkckbZ ;kaP;k pfj=koj ys[ku d:u ,dk ikBksikB v”kh lkfgR; fufeZrh

dsyh- ;kf”kok; lfe{kkRed ys[kugh R;kauh dsys-

banzthr Hkkysjko ;kauh fofo/k lkfgR; izdkj gkrkGys vlys rjh ;kaph eq[; vksG[k

vkgs rh QDr dforslkBh rs lrr dforsP;k “kks/kkr vlrkr- ekrhr dqBsgh gk doh vlykrjh

R;kaps y{k QDr dforsdMsp vlrs- Hkkysjko ;kaph dfork gh yksdkaph dfork vkgs- ekrhrY;k

ek.klkaph vkgs- dfork letwu ?;k;yk f”k{k.k ykxr ukgh- laosnuf”ky eu vkf.k “kgk.ki.k

ykxr vls EgVys tkrs-

îhdik.kh* ;k dfork laxzgkrhy ^cki* gh dfork [kwi izfl/n vkgs-

“ksrke/kh ek>h [kksi

fryk cksjkVhpk >ki

frFka jkcrks] d’Vrks

ek>k “ksrdjh cki

“ksrkP;k ekrhr vktUe jkc.kk&;k “ksrdjh ckikph [kjh[kqjh O;Fkk dforsr dfous

lkafxryh vkgs-

mH;k txkpk iksf”kank]

R;kaP;k HkkGh fyfgysyk

jk=fnl dke/kank

d’V lkjs R;kaP;k gkrh

nql&;kaP;k gkrh eki

lk&;k txkpk iksf”kank vl.kk&;k “ksrd&;ke/kyk d’Vdjh cki ;sFks dfous iksV

frMdhua ekaMyk vkgs- cksjkVhpk dkVsjh >ki vl.kk&;k >ksiM;kr jkg.kkjk vaxkoj fpa/;k

ysowu iksVkr QDr fejph Hkkdj ?kkyw “kd.kkjk] T;kaP;k uf”kckr jk=fnl QDr d’Vp fyfgys

vkgs vlk d’VkGw cki vkiY;kyk dforsrs HksVrks- txkps rksaM xksM dj.kk&;k “ksrd&;kaP;k

ik;h ek= dkVsdqVs vlrkr-

cki dfork b;Rrk 5 ohP;k iqLrdkr lekfo’V dsysyh vkgs- ,dk rikgwu vf/kd dkG

vH;kldzekr vlY;kus toG toG lkr dksVh eqykai;Zr iksgpyh vkgs- jke “ksokGdj xaerhus

doh Hkkysjko ;kauk Eg.krkr ^^ rq>h dfork ikpohyk iqtyh vkgs-**




117


ek÷;k vkthP;k eG;kr

McMcyh foghj

Ikk.kh fi.;kyk Fkkacyh

Lkk/kw xkslkoh] Qfdj

xkokdMps lk/kslq/ks thou vkf.k xkokdMps fnl lair pkyysys vkgs- ukR;kyk vksykok]

lgtrk] lk/ksi.kk ;k Hkkouk lk/;k o lqnaj “kCnkr O;Dr dsY;k vkgs-

ek>h ,d xk; gksrh fryk nksu okl:

rksp ek>k nksLr gksrk R;kyk dls fol:

ehgh Ogk;pks xqGxqGhr nw/k fiÅ&fiÅ

nks?kkalkBh ,dp ikUgk vkEgh HkkÅ&HkkÅ

;k dforsr xzkeh.k Hkkxkr fulxZ] izk.kh] i{kh ;kaps ekuok”kh vlysys ftOgkG;kpa ukra

dla vkf.k fdrh ,dtho vlrs gs Li’V dsys vkgs

vkEgh jkuke/kyh iksja

[kkyh /kjrh oj vHkkG

e/kh mHks vkEgh xksiky

vkEgh piG vkEgh prqj

[ksM;kr iksja jkukoukr xqja oGrkauk fQjrkr ,desdkaP;k dsysY;k [kksM;k] yqVysyk

vkuan vkf.k ekrhryk xksMok o vfHkeku ;k vksGhr O;Dr dsysyk fnlrks-

iwohZ loZ _rw fuR;usekus ;k;ps- ikolkGk usekus ;k;pk- “ksrd&;kapk eq[; l.k îksGk*

vkf.k cSy gs “ksrd&;kaps nSor- tj iksG;kP;k fno”kh ikÅl vkyk rj rks ikÅl cjdr

ok<fo.kkjk vlrks v”kh “ksrd&;kaph letwr vlrs- R;keqGs gk ikÅl cSykph ikB] dkilkph

xkB] nsoGkpk dGl] tqokryk iGl fHkto.;klkBh ge[kkl ;k;pk-

xkbZP;k [kqjkr lkpk;yk

iksG;kP;k fno”kh ikÅl ;k;pk

dq.kC;kP;k Åjkr ukpk;pk

iksG;kP;k fno”kh ikÅl ;k;pk

xkbZph [kqjs fHktoyh Eg.kts tukojkaph jksxjkbZ tkbZy- xkbZxksBs Hkjrhy] ”ksreGs

fidrhy vkf.k le`/nh ;sbZy v”kh “ksrd&;kaph /kkj.kk vlY;keqGs gk ikÅl dq.kC;kpk mj

vkuankus Hk:u tkrks- i.k vkrk ikolkpk ygjhi.kk ok<yk vkf.k i;kZoj.kkpk rksy

<klGY;keqGs iksG;kaps fnolkaps dfo vkrk LoIu ikgrks-

118



;k dforsr xzkeh.k thoukps “ksrd&;kaP;k vkuankps vLly Lo:i dfous lkdkj dsys

vkgs-

“khd ckck “khd y<k;yk “khd

yktjsi.kk cqtjsi.kk cktkjkr bZd

?ksÅ udks Qk”kh ckck [kkÅ udks b[k

fg dfork rj cgqtukaP;k xG;krhy rkbZr cuyh vkgs-gh dfork okLrokoj vk/kkjhr

vkgs- ns”kkr ifgyh “ksrd&;kaph vkRegR;k ykrwj ftYg;krhy pkdwj ;sFks >kyh- “ksrd&;kaP;k

eqykyk dfous fopkjys dh ;k dBh.k ifjfLFkrhyk dls rksaM nsfly R;kosGh “ksrd&;kapk

eqyxk Eg.kkyk ^^tx.ka vo?kM >kkya rj eh ns[khy ckiklkj[ks ,UMkslYQkups vkS’k/k ?ksÅu

vkRegR;k djhu vkf.k ckikizek.ks eyk ckVyh Hkj uOgs rj cqpHkj vkS’k/k pkysy- eqykP;k ;k

mRrjkus dfoeu xycywu xsya vkf.k R;kauh “khd ckck “khd y<k;yk “khd ;k okLron”khZ

dforsph fufeZrh dsyh-

banzthr Hkkysjko ;kaP;k dfork xs;rkiw.kZ vkgs- R;kaP;k dfork lwjkr xkrk ;srkr R;kaps

mnk-n;k;psp >kys rj [kkuns”ke/;s “ksrdjh usrs “kjn tks”kh ;kaP;k usr`Rok[kkyh “ksrd&;kaps

vkanksyu >kys- dkilkyk ,d jDdeh Hkkogehus feGkok gh ekx.kh gksrh- ;k esGkO;kyk “ksrdjh

cka/ko gtkjksP;k la[;sus cSyxkM;kauh vkys gksrs-i.k rsFks loZ t.k fo[kqjysys gksrs- dfous gkrkr

ekbZd ?ksryk vkf.k rs xkÅ ykxys- loZ “ksrdjh cka/ko ,d= teys- “ksrd&;kauk okVy

vkiyp iksjxa vkgs- vkiyp xk.ka Eg.krks; Eg.kwu loZ “ksrd&;kauh rky nsowu xk.ka xk;yk

lq:okr dsyh-

dkV;kdqV;kpk rqMohr jLrk

xkokdMa py ek÷;k nksLrk

d”kh mUgkr rGrkr ek.kls

d”kh [kkrkr thokyk [kLrk

xkokdMa py ek÷;k nksLrk

“kgjh vkf.k xzkeh.k thoukps rqyukRed o.kZu dohus dsys vkgs-

;k ys[kkr dkghp dfork mnkgj.kknk[ky ?ksrY;k vlY;krjh banzthr Hkkysjko ;kaP;k

loZp dforke/kwu d`’kh laLdrhps n”kZu ?kMrs- dforke/;s “ksr] jku] xko] lki] oklja] vkHkkG]

dkGses?k] ikÅlljh] f”kG] [kqjia] dkljk vla lkj dkgh ;sr- vkf.k rs ;s.kkjpa dkj.k doh

d`’kh laLdrhr tUeyk vkyk o eksBk >kyk- d’kh thou txyk- ;keqGs NksV;k NksV;k

izlaxkrwu eksBa dkO; rks fuekZ.k djrks-




119


R;kauh dforsr okijysY;k izfrek ns[khy fulxkZrhy vkgs- fulxkZrY;k izfrek o xzkeh.k

“kCn ?ksowu vuqHko izdV dsys vkgs- mnk- doh rkVkyk ôVdu* ykowu Hkkth xksGk djrks rj

d/kh vaxkpk tkG gksowu R;kaP;k ukdkps ?kksG.ks QqVrs- MksG;ke/kY;k cqcGklkj[kh dkGhek;] gs

ekrhps xzkeh.k thoukps LokHkkfod fp=.k ftoari.kkps |ksrd vkgs-

banzthr Hkkysjko ;kaP;k dforsr L=h fp=.ks vkgsr- ikjaikfjd yksdxhrs] tkR;kojP;k

vksO;k ;kaps laLdkj dohoj vkgs- vkbZ vkf.k cfg.khP;k rksaMwu ,sdysY;k vksO;kauh dforsyk cG

fnys vkgs- gs doh ekU; djrkr-[k&;k vFkkZus yksdkauk dfork vkiY;k okVrkr- Eg.kwu Hkkysjko

[k&;k vFkkZus yksdkaps doh vkgs- R;kaP;k dfork yksddfork vkgsr vls EgVY;kl vfr”kksDrhps

gks.kkj ukgh-

lanHkZ%&lanHkZ%&lanHkZ%&lanHkZ%&

1- lkBksRrjh okM~-e;hu izokg & MkW-“kj.kdqekj fyackGs

2- ejkBh dfork vkdyu vkf.k vkLokn & izk-MkW-iafMrjko iokj

3- xzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoG o vkEgh & laiknd oklqnso eqykVs

4- xzkeh.k lkfgR;% lekt o laLdrh & vkuan ;kno

5- fnO;ejkBh o`Rri= & 22 es 2012

6- yksdlRrk o`Rri= & eq[;i`’B yksdjax ys[k 26 uksOgsacj 2013

120



ejkBh xzejkBh xzejkBh xzejkBh xzkeh.k dforsph okVpky keh.k dforsph okVpky keh.k dforsph okVpky keh.k dforsph okVpky

izkizkizkizk---- MkWMkWMkWMkW---- n n n nÙÙÙÙkk=; Qydskk=; Qydskk=; Qydskk=; Qyds

flUUkj egkfo|ky;] ukf”kd

ejkBh xzkeh.k dforspk fopkj djr vlrkuk izFke dks.kR;k Lo:ikP;k dforsyk xzkeh.k

dfork Eg.kk;ps gk iz”u tgkfxjnkj ;kauh ekaMysY;k fopkjkrwu y{kkr ?ks.ks egŸokps okVrs-

“xzkeh.k dforse/;s ckgîokLro gs [ksMs] fulxZ vkf.k ikjaifjd ewY;s ;krwu ?kMysys xzkethou

vkgs vkf.k R;kr vkdkj:ikyk vkysyh laosnu”khyrk R;k thoukrhy vuqHkokfo’k;hP;k

izfrfØ;k nsr vlrs- v”kk dfosP;k fufeZrhP;k cqMk”kh vlysyh laosnu”khyrk gh xzkeh.k

laosnu”khyrk vkgs- vkf.k v”kh dfork xzkeh.k vkgs vls LFkwyekukus Eg.krk ;sbZy-”

1920 uarj egkRek xka/khaP;k [ksMîkdMs pyk ;k fopkjkus xzkeoknh okjs okgw ykxys-

R;kpk izR;; iq<s jfofdj.k eaMGkus fuekZ.k dsysyh dfork ;kp fopkjkrwu ejkBh lkfgR;kr

vorjyh- ;ke/;s doh fxjh”k] ;”koar] panz”ks[kj ;kauh tk.khoiwoZd tkuin xhrs] [kaMdkO;

;ke/kwu xzkeh.k dfork fodflr dsyh- x- y- BksdG ;kauh laikfnr dsysyk lqxh dkO;laxzg

¼1933½ egÙokpk Bjyk- ;kp dkGkr Jh- ck- jkuMs ;kaph Hkyjh] ysfte lkj[kh osxGîk

oG.kkph xzkeh.k dfork vkyh- “khG uk- gk- ns”kikaMs] dksGîkps xk.ks vuar dk.ksdj] ifgya xa

nkjh&lksikunso pkS/kjh bR;knh vusd dforkarhy xzkeh.k thoukps fp=.k dsoG o.kZukRed

ikrGojp jkgrs- dkO;fogkjh ;kauk “kgjh thoukP;k ik”oZHkwehoj [ksMîkrhy jE; thoukph

vks< okVrs- eksVsojhy lqanjh] bjysokyh] ck- xks- ek;nso] gh dks.k\ fo- fHk- dksyrs b-

dforkae/kwu ;s.kkjs d’Vdjh fL=;kaps fp= jkse¡fVd ikrGhojp jkgrs- fo- l- [kkaMsdj] lksikunso

pkS/kjh] Hk- Jh- iafMr ;kaP;k fo’k; /k:u fyfgysY;k dforsarwu gkp izdkj fnlwu ;srks- ^lqxh*

ikBksikB ^jkutkbZ* 1934 o fyacksGîk 1961 ;k nksUgh dforklaxzgkrwu O;Dr gks.kkÚ;k tkf.kok

lkj[;kp vkgsr-

tkuin thoukP;k vfHkO;DrhlkBh ukxj Hkk’kkp okijyh ikfgts- ;k vkxzgkrwu fyfgyh

xsysyh ds- ukj[ksMs ;kaph ^f”kokj* e/kyh ¼1941½ dfork jfofdj.k eaMGkP;k dforsis{kk Qkj”kh

osxGh ukgh- isj.kh] fouo.kh] xqjk[kh] /kkU; ?kjkr ;s.kkP;k fnolkr lkodkjkph tQh vkysY;k

“ksrdÚ;kph gyk[kh o.kZu dj.kkjh R;k “ksrdÚ;kph fnokGh ;klkj[;k dkgh dforkarwu “ksrdjh

thoukps nq%[k fpf=r gksr vlys rjh xzkeh.k thoukfo’k;hP;k jE;rspk lwj loZ= Hk:u jkfgyk

vkgs-




121


vLLky xzkeh.k laosnukauh] fulxZizfrekauh cgjysY;k cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjhaP;k dfork 1952

lkyh izdkf”kr >kY;k- vk/kqfud dkO;laLdkj] lkfgR;laLdkj] f”k{k.kfo’kd ijaijkae/kwu eqDr

vl.kkÚ;k “ksrdjh L=heukps dqVqacoRly ekrsps Hkkofo”o ;k dforkae/kwu izdVrs- vksoh]

yksdxhrs] v”kh yksdlaLdkjh Nan;kstuk mRLQqrZi.ks ;k dforkae/kwu >kyh vkgs-

uk- /kksa egkuksj ;kaP;k jkukrY;k dfork ¼1967½ o ogh ¼1971½ ;k dfork laxzgkarhy

dfork yksdy;hae/;s mi;kstu djhr xzkelaosnu] xzke laosnukrhy lkSan;Zoknh thoun`’Vh

izdV djrkr- ckydoh] rkacs] ck- Hk- cksjdj] uk- /k- ns”kikaMs vkf.k cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjh ;kaP;k

xhrdkO;kP;k ijaijsyk lokZf/kd foLrkj{ke dj.kkjh dfork egkuksj ;kauh jpyh vkgs- ljksftuh

ckcj ;kaP;k >ksG.kk ¼1964½ ;k dkO;laxzgkrhy ekstD;k dforkae/;s xzkeh.k laosnu izdV >kys

vkgs- uk- ?k- ns”kikaMs ;kaP;k vfHklkj ¼1963½ e/;s fulxZ ?kfVrs o yksdok³~e;krY;k y;hapk

vkfo’dkj >kysyk vkgs- vkuan ;kno ;kaP;k 1954 rs 1959 ;k dkGkr fyfgysY;k xzkeh.k

dfork fgjos tx 1960 e/;s vkgsr- xzkeokLro ekaM.;klkBh cksyhHkk’kk] dkO;Hkk’kk Eg.kwu okij

dj.;kpk iz;Rugh ;kno ;kauh dsyk vkgs-

uk- /kksa egkuksj ;kapk iq<s îkolkGh dfork* 1980] ^vftaBk* 1984] îzkFkZuk n;k?kuk

1990] îku>M* 1997] ^xkFkk f”kojk;kph 1998*] ^frph dgk.kh 1999*] î{;kaps y{k Fkos 1990

bR;knhae/khy egkuksjkaph dfork vf/kdkf/kd lektlUeq[k] leL;kfHkeq[k vkf.k fparuf”ky gksr

xsysyh vkgs- vkuan ;kno ;kapk eGîkph ekrh 1978 yk izdkf”kr >kyk- R;kaph izkjaHkhph

dfork FksV “ksrdjh thoukrys vuqHko “ksrdÚ;kaP;k cksyhrwu izdV dj.kkjh vkgs- rj eGîkph

ekrhe/kwu “ksrdÚ;kps lokZaxkh.k d’V vkf.k ekrh ;kaP;krhy v}Srkyk fidkps uofufeZrhps QG

;srs] v”kh dYiukf”kyrk ;kno ;kaP;k dforkae/;s vkgs- okjdjh v/;kRe vkf.k d`f’kfu’Bk

;kaP;krhy laoknh laca/k ;k dforsr vkgsr- ek;ysdja 1989 e/;s vkysY;k nh?kZ dforsr

vk’Vk{kjh dkO; vkgs- xzkeh.k ek; vkf.k mPPkf”kf{kr ysd: ;kaph dkO;kRe vkRefuosnus vls ;k

laoknLo:i nh?kZ dforsr ;srkr-

foðy ok?k ;kaph dfork “ksrdjh thou] “ksrhpk ifjlj vkf.k yksdjhrh] J/nkHkko]

xzkethoukrhy “kaxkj ;k vk”k;nzO;koj fodflr >kysyh vkgsdk;k ekrhr ekrhr 1991]

oSnHkhZ] lk;] dik”khph panzQqys 1999] ia<jhP;k okVsoj 2001] o’kHklwDr 2003 ;k dkO;

laxzgkrhy dforkae/;s lkSn;Zoknh tkf.kokacjkscj lkekftd df’k&lkaLd`frd tkf.kok izdV

>kysY;k fnlrkr- xtey ekGh ;kaP;k ûkxQ.kk vkf.k lw;Z ¼1979½ nh?kZ dforspk izkjafHkd

va”k “ksrdjh vkbZ&oMhy vkf.k xzkeh.k tx.;kpk vkfo’dkj Eg.kwu mRdV izR;; ns.kkjk vkgs-

banzftr Hkkysjko ;kaP;k îhdik.kh* 1989] ^vkEgh dkckMkps /kuh* 1992] ^nwj jkfgyk xko* 1994]

122



^dqaGafc.khph dgkuh* 1998] îsjk* 2002] ^Vkgks* 2004 b- dfork laxzgkae/kwu xzkeh.k y;h]

uknNan] feFkds] cksyh:is ;kapk vkfo’dkj R;kaP;k dforsrwu gksrks- vksoh] vHkax] eqDrNan ;kaP;k

cjkscjhus xzkeh.k thoukrys ijaijkxr yksdNan vuqljr R;kaph dfork “ksrh ekrhps vkf.k

ek.klkaps Hkkoca/k izdV djrs- ukjk;.k dqyd.khZ doBsdj ;kaP;k dforsrwu ledkyhu xzkeh.k

okLrokph Hk;kudrk izdVyh vkgs- izdk”k gksGdj ;kaP;k dforsrwu dksjMokgw “ksrdÚ;kaP;k

O;Fkk vkf.k ?kqleVhpk Loj dksjMs u{k= 1967 e/khy dforklaxzgkrhy dforkae/;s ,sdw ;srks-

Jhdkar ns”keq[k ;kaP;k dfork [ksMs] “ksrrGs] dq.kfcdh ;k vk”k;lw=kapk os/k ?ks.kkÚ;k vkgsr-

yksdcksyh] yksdladsr] yksdxhrkRed Nanksy;] vHkax&vksoh ;k ns”kh Nankapk okij vkf.k

“ksrdÚ;kaP;k Hkkofo”ok”kh lejlrk R;kaP;k cGhoar 1997 o vk’kk< ekrh e/khy dforkaps BGd

fo”ks’k vkgsr-

brj dkgh xzkeh.k dohaph dfork&txnh”k nsoiwjdj xkokdMP;k dfork 1981] jes”k

fpYYks ukax:u iMysya “krd 2002] dSykl nkSaM mlkP;k dfork] olk.k b- iznhi ikVhy

;kaP;k vkRelaokn vkf.k varjhpk Hksn e/khy dkgh dforkae/;s xzkeh.k thoun”kZukph vkp

izdVyh vkgs- t;jke [ksMsdj ;kaP;k _rqoar 1997] izdk”k fduxkodj ;kaP;k xzkeh.k

vuqHkwrhaP;k dfork izdkf”kr >kysY;k vkgsr- larks’k iokj gs 1990 uarjP;k dkGkrhy xzkeh.k

thoukpk os/k ?ks.kkjh doh vkgsr- 2000 uarjP;k dkGkr vk;- ,- iokj ;kaphgh dfork xzkeh.k

ek.klkP;k thoukpk os/k ?ks.kkjh dfork ;srs- vls vusd dohgh fygw ykxys vkgsr-

,danjhr xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy 70 % lekt vkf.k R;kaP;k vusd leL;k] iz”u] laLdrh]

jktdkj.k] lektthou ;kaP;k ewGk”kh tk.kkjh dfork izdV gksrs- mRdVrsus O;Dr gksrs gs ;k

dkGkrhy dforsps fo”ks’kp gksra

lanHkZ xzaFk lwphlanHkZ xzaFk lwphlanHkZ xzaFk lwphlanHkZ xzaFk lwph

1- ejkBh ok³~e;kpk bfrgkl] [kaM&7] laiknd jk- x- tk/ko

2- xzkeh.k ok³~e;kpk bfrgkl] panzdqekj uyxs

3- vk/kqfud ejkBh ok³~e;n”kZu] nslkbZ fye;s

4- tgkfxjnkj fo”okl] e- lk- if=dk tqyS&fMlsacj 1980




123


Xkzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsXkzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsXkzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjsXkzkeh.k dforsrhy lkekftd fLFkR;arjs

izkizkizkizk---- MkWMkWMkWMkW---- “kjn [kkaMsHkjkM“kjn [kkaMsHkjkM“kjn [kkaMsHkjkM“kjn [kkaMsHkjkM

gtkj o’kkZph ijaijk vl.kk&;k ejkBh lkfgR;kus cgwfo/k tkf.kokaps vusd izns”k iknkdzkar

dsys- rs djr vlrkauk vusd okVk vkf.k oG.kkaoj vusd fLFkR;arjs ?kMoqu vk.kys ;k

fLFkR;arjke/;s ejkBh dforsus egRokph Hkqfedk ctkoysyh vkgs- HkDrhjlkiklqu vkiyk izokl

Lkq# dsysY;k ejkBh dforsus e/;dkykr jatdrk vkf.k ledkykr okLrokps Hkku vlysY;k

O;Drheukph Lianus fViyh vFkkZr ;k fLFkR;arjkr f”k{k.kkP;k izlkjkus egRokph Hkqfedk

ctkoyh R;krqu >kysyh nfyr vkf.k xzkeh.k dkO;kfHkO;Drh egRokph Bjyh- yksdthoukph

xzkeh.k ik”oZHkweh vl.kk&;k r#.k dohauh vkiyh vuqHko Lk’Vh “kCnc/n~ dj.;klkBh dsysY;k

iz;Rukrqup xzkeh.k dforspk mn; >kyk ledkykr xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy loZp Lrkjkaps >ikV;kus

ifjorZu >kys-

ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsr vusd fLFkR;arjs ?kMwu vkysyh vkgsr- xzkeh.k dforspk mn; gsp

eqGkr ejkBh dkO;izkarkrhy ,d egRokps fLFkR;arj vkgs- izCkks/ku ;qxkrhy lkekftd Hkkukus

ejkBh dforsr eksBs fLFkR;arj >kys- egkRek Qqys] “kkgq egkjkt] toGdj] HkkLdjjko tk/ko]

deZohj Hkkmjko ikVhy ;kaP;k dk;kZus vkf.k lkekftd fopkjkauh tkx#r okrkoj.k

egkjk’Vz~kP;k xzkeh.k Hkkxkr r;kj gksr xsys- ;krwu xzkeh.k dohaph ,d fi<h r;kj >kyh-

^^xzkeh.k lkfgR;pGoGhyk dks.kk ,d fopkjoarkphp izsj.k vkgs vls ukgh rj egkjk’Vz~kr

egkRekQqysaiklqu th lkekftd ifjfLFkrh o “kS{kf.kd mFFkkukph pGoG mHkh jkfgyh rh ;k

pGoGhrhy fopkjoar o dk;ZdR;kZaP;k dk;kZph ijaijk vkgs-** ;k lkekftd Hkku tkxrh eqGs

xzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoGhyk cG feGkYks misf{kr vlysyh d`’kh laLdrh vkf.k “ksrdjh dforspk

fo’k; cuys Lokraa=iqoZdkGkr osxosxG;k y<;kaP;k fufeRrkus xzkeh.k Hkkxkr uO;k r#.k

us=`Rokpk mn; >kykgh ckc xzkeh.k dforslkBh iqjdp Bjyh-

xzkeh.k dforsP;k mn;ki;Zar xzkeh.k tkf.kok vkf.k xzkeh.k laosnuk ifgY;kank xzkeh.k

dforsus ejkBh lkfgR;kyk fnY;k- fyf[kr ejkBh lkfgR;kyk ckjkO;k “krdkiklwuph ijaijk

vkgs- R;kdkGkr Eg.kts e/; ;qxkr ejkBh lkfgR; HkDrh tkf.kosus izsfjr gksrs- R;k uarj

dykRedrk vkf.k “kaxkjkpk “kkfgjh ckt o ikafMR;kps n”kZugh ejkBh lkfgR;kus ?kMoys- i.k

rRdkfyu xzkeh.k Hkkxkr “kaHkj VDds “ksrhoj voyacqu vl.kk&;k “ksrdjh oxkZph nSU; R;kaph

tho?ks.kh ?kwleV v[kaM jpusP;k ek/;ekrqu egkRek Qqys ;kauh “kCnc/n~ dsyh- egkRek Qqys

124



;kauh dq.kch o “ksrd&;kaP;k leL;k vkf.k R;kaph gks.kkjh Qlo.kwd ;k fo’k;h v[kaM jpuk

dsysy vkgs-

^^pgwdMs HkV”kkgh A dq.kC;kph nkn ukgh A

Tkksfr Eg.ks /kko ?ksbZ A nq’Vkiklwu lksMohA**

“ksrd&;kpa nkL; vkf.k nSU; ;k fo’k;h rGeG O;Dr dj.kk&;k QqysaP;k ejkBh xzkeh.k

dforsP;k ikmy[kq.kk fnlrkr- i.k ;k dkGkrhy xzkeh.k dfork gh izcks/kukojp gksrh- dqGachu

;k [kaMkr Qqysaph xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy “ksrdjh dqVaqckrhy fL=;kafo’k;hph RkGeG O;Dr >kysyh

vkgs- ejkBh okM-e;kr “ksrdjh dqVqackpk vlk ftOgkG;kus fopkj ifgY;kank egkRek Qqysauh

dsyk Eg.kwu QqyasP;k v[kaM jpusr xzkeh.k dforsP;k ikmy[kq.kk fnlrkr vls Eg.k.ks ;FkkFkZ

Bjsy-

;kp dkGkr d`’.kjko Hkkysdj ;kauh cGhck ikVhy ;k dknacjh cjkscjp “ksrd&;kaps e/kqj

xk;u gh i|jpukgh dsysyh vkgs- ;kr R;kauh “ksrd&;kph vlgk;rk lkodkjhps ladV ;k

fo’k;hph rGeG O;Dr dsyh vkgs- egkRek Qqys vkf.k Hkkysdj ;k nks?kkaP;kgh ys[kuke/;s

xzkeh.k thoukps okLro o.kZu R;kfo’k;hph rGeG vkf.k R;kojhy izcks/ku gs leku nqos

fnlrkr- gk rRdkyhu xzkeh.k i|kojhy izcks/ku ;qxkpk ifj.kke vkgs- iq<s ;k xzkeh.k dforsr

eksBs fLFkR;arj >kys rs vk”k; vkf.k vfHkO;DrhP;k ckcrhr-

Pkanz”ks[kj f”kojke xks&gs ;kauh egkjk’Vz~h; xzkeh.k thoukph fofo/k #is vR;ar ltho

Lo#ikr ekaMyh vkgsr- folkO;k “krdkph ifgY;k nksu&rhu n”kdkr ik”pkR; iks,Vz~ho#u

,rns”kh; xzkeh.k lkt p<oysyh vuqokfnr dforkgh vkyh- i.k gk xzkeh.k lkt csxMhp Bjyk

gs fufoZokn ;kp dkGkr egkRek xka/khauh [ksM;kdMs pyk gh gkd fnyh vkf.k vkeps lkfgfR;d

xzkeh.k HkkxkdMs oGys- ;k dkGkr “kgjh okpdkyk dforsr jaxoysys xzkeh.k okrkoj.k Hkwyow

ykxys- rs pVdnkj okVw ykxys- ;k “kgjh okpdkph euksjatukph Hkwd R;kus Hkkxoyh ek=

“kgjkr clwu fyfgysY;k xzkeh.k dforspk ckt gk dkgh izek.kkr csxMhp jkfgyk-

baxzthrhy îWLVksjy iks,Vz~h o#u ejkBhr tkuin gk dkO;izdkj vkyk- ;k dforsoj

ijaijsph nkV Nk;k vlyh rjh fo’k;kps ukfoU; ek= frus vk.kys- d`’kh laLdrh cjkscj nkfjnz;

o vlgk;rk gk loZp xkzeh.k dforkapk LFkk;h Hkko vkgs- panz”ks[kj ;kaps ^dk; gks peRdkj*

^fxjh”kkaph vkejkbZ* x- g- ikVhy ;kapk ^jkutkbZ* x y- BksdG ;kapk êhBHkkdj* ds- ukj[ksMs

;kapk ^f”kokj* vkf.k ^lqxh* gk tkuin dforkapk izkfrfuf/kd laxzg ;kauh xzkeh.k dforph

Ikk;kHkj.kh dsyh- R;keqGs xzkeh.k dforsP;k izoklkyk gk egRokpk VIik Bjrks-

xzkeh.k dforsrhy egRokps fLFkR;arj Eg.kts “ksrd&;kps nq%[k vkf.k nkfjnz; nk[ko.kkjh

xkeh.k dfork vkrk dkfg”kh iz[kj cuyh vkgs- vkf/kP;k dforsrhy “ksrdjh fulxkZP;k




125


ygjhi.kkyk dkslr gksrk vkrk ek= ^ljdkj.ks fHkdsP;k tkxh ir |koh vls O;Dr gksmu gs

doh ljdkjyk R;kaP;k drZO;kph tk.kho d#u nsr vkgsr- ;k ckcrhr Q-e-“kgkftans ;kaph

ys[k.kh ljl vkgs-

Hkkjrkyk Lokra«; feGkY;koj ,d uok mRlkg lapkjysyk gksrk i.k iq<hy nksu rhu

n”kdkr Hkze fujk”k >kyk- gk Hkzefujkl O;Dr djrkauk doh Eg.krkr dh]

^^cq.kX;kapk iqUgh A tqukp cktkj

dGsuk vktkj Lokra«;kpk AA*

Lokra«;kus thounku ns.;k,soth “ksrd&;kP;k gkrkr dsoG ej.kp fnys-

,dfolkO;k “krdkP;k ifgY;k n”kdkr ek= xzkeh.kj dforsr eksBs fLFkR;arj ?kMwu

vkys- dsoG xzkeh.k dforsusp uOgs rj laiw.kZ lkfgR; fo”okusp ;k dkGkr dkr Vkdyh vls

EgaVY;kl okoxs Bj.kkj ukgh- xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy d’kh laLd`rhph ik”oZHkqeh vl.kkjk r#.k oxZ

f”k{k.k vkf.k uksdjhP;k fUkfEkRrkus “kgjh Hkkxkr vkyk-


1- lkfgR; xzkeh.k vkf.k nfyr & laik-MkW- b”oj uaniqjs

2- egkRek Qqys xkSjo xazFk & laik- ckck vk<ko

3- d`’.kjko Hkkysdj ^% lexz okM-e; & flrkjke jk;dj

4- xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo#i vkf.k leL;k & vkuan ;kno

5- ejkBh dfork % tquh vkf.k uoh & ok- y- dqyd.khZ

6- xzkeh.k lkfgR; % Lo#i vkf.k “kks/k & ukxukFk dksRRkkiYys

7- dfork n”kdkph & laik- ikMxkodj o brj

8- izfr’Bku & xzkeh.k lkfgR; fo”ks’kkad & uksOgsacj & fMlsacj 1980

126



ledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork & Lo:iledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork & Lo:iledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork & Lo:iledkyhu ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork & Lo:i

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- Hkqisanzflax nsoc Hkqisanzflax nsoc Hkqisanzflax nsoc Hkqisanzflax nsock jktiwr k jktiwr k jktiwr k jktiwr

,e- ,- ,e- Qhy-] ih,p-Mh- 106] x.ks”k dkWyuh] f”kjiwj] Rkk- f”kjiwj] ft- /kqGs-

ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork g;k xzkeh.k thoukrhy okLro thoukps n”kZu ?kMowu vk.krkr- xzkeh.k

thoukr tkxfrdhdj.kkeqGs T;k fofo/k ?kMkeksMh >kkY;k R;kaps izR;arj ;k dforkae/;s vk<Grs-

xzkeh.k ejkBh dfork vkRe”kks/k ?ksr izdV gksrkuk fnlrkr- ;k dkGkrhy vusd dohauh vkiY;k

Lor#P;k thoukr vuqHkoysY;k ?kVuk dforsP;k Lo:ikr okLrorsps ftoar n”kZu ?kMorkr= dohP;k

thoukrhy izlax gs okpdkauk vkiY;k thoukrhy okVrkr dkj.k dohus ekaMysys nq%[k] O;Fkk ;k t.kw

izkfrfuf/kd Lo#ikr dohus okpdkP;k eukpk os/k ?ksÅu fyfgY;k vkgsr vls tk.kor- xzkeh.k

dforsps vls vusd xq.koSf”k"V;s vkgsr- T;keqGs xzkeh.k dfork ykSdhd izkIr djrk vkgsr- xzke

thou gs “kgjhdj.kkP;k izHkkokus dls xzklys tkr vkgs ;kps ftoar fp=.k vusd dohus dysys

vk<Grs- xzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoG gh tjh 1970 rs 75 P;k vkdkjkyk vkyh rjh rhph ikGseqGs vusd

o"kkZiwohZp jksoyh xsyh gksrh- rlsp xzkeh.k ik”oZHkweh vlysys lkfgR; vxksnj fuekZ.k >kysys vkgs-

xzkeh.k lkfgR;ke/;s xzkelaL—rh] “ksrh] “ksrhfo"k;d lk/kus] izkf.kl`"Vh lHkksorkyPkk fulxZ] “ksrdjh

vkiys thou d”kk izfr—y ifjfLFkrhr O;frr djr vkgs- ;kfo"k;hps mHks&mHks fp+=.k dsysys

vk<Grs- xzkelaL—rh o xzkeh.k lkfgR;kps Lo#i ekaMrkuk MkW- vkuan ;kno fyfgrkr] ^^xzkeh.k

foHkkxk”kh laca/khr vls thoukuqHko xzkeh.k lkfgR;krwu O;Dr gksrkr= xzke Eg.kts [ksMsxkao rsFkhy

thouin~/krh] rsFkhy lekt] R;k lektkph —f"kiz/kku laL—rh] rsFkhy fof”k"V fulxkZa”kh] ekrh”kh

R;kapk vlysyk oSf”k"V;iw.kZ laca/k R;k laL—rhyk ykHkysyh brj oSfo/;iw.kZ rsFkhy ekuoh thoukyk

g;k izns”kkuqlkj ykHkysyh vkfFkZd] lkekftd] /kkfeZd] KkukRed] vkS+|ksfxd oSf”k"V;s vkf.k R;kaP;k”kh

lacaf/kr iz”u vkf.k leL;k rlsp dkykS?kkr gksr tk.kk&;k fLFkR;arjkps rsFkhy thou] laL—rhoj

gks.kkjs laLdkj ;kapk vkfo"dkj xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr gksr vlrks-** xzkeh.k lkfgR;kpk izsj.kk egkRek Qqys]

egkRek xka/kh ;kaP;k ys[k.kkrwu fnlwu ;srkr-

xzkeh.k thoukps dkO;Lo:ikr gks.kkjs n”kZu Eg.ktsp *xzkeh.k dfork* gks;- v”kh loZlk/kkj.k

xzkeh.k dforsP;k lanHkkZr O;k[;k djrk ;sbZy- xzkeh.k dforsP;k fo"k;h fo”okl tgkxhjnkj ;kauh

O;Dr dsysys er vfr”k; egRRoiw.kZ vkgs T;kr xzkeh.k dfork useds dks.kR;k dforsuyk Eg.kkos

;kfo"k;h lkaxrkr dh] **xzkeh.k dforse/;s ckg; okLro gs [ksMs] fulxZ vkf.k ikjaikfjd ewY;s ;krwu

?kMysys xzkehthou vkgs vkf.k R;kr vkdkj #ikyk vkysyh laosnu”khyrk R;k thoukrhy

vuqHkokfo"k;hP;k izfrfdz;k nsr vlrs- v”kk dforsP;k fufeZrhP;k eqGk”kh vlysyh laonsu”khyrk gh

xzkeh.k laosnu”khyrk vkgs vkf.k v”kh dfork xzkeh.k vkgs vls LFkqy ekukus Eg.krk ;sbZy-**




127


tgkxhjnkjkP;k ;k foospukr izkeq[;kus —"khdsanzhr fulxZ] yksdkaP;k eukrhy laonsu”khyr] xzkeh.k

okLor v”kk vusd ckchauk dsanzLFkkuh Bsoysys vkgs vls Eg.krk ;sbZy- lu 1920 rs 2010 ;k 90

o"kkZae/;s vusd uo&uohu oG.ks ?ksr fodflr >kysyh vk<Grs- ;kaph lq#okr Hkk-jk- rkacs ;kaph

*xqjk[;kps xk.ks*] *nq"dkGkuarj lqdkG*] *fxjh"kkph Hkyjh*] *vkEcjkbZ*] ;”koarkph *izsekph nkSyr*]

panz”ks[kjkaph] *dk; gs peRdkj*] *m?kM xqihr* bR;knh dfork baxzthrhy iWLVksjy dforsph izsj.kk

Lohdkjr fyfgyh xsyh-

tl&tlk dkG cnyr xsyk R;kizek.ks dforsps Lo#i cnyr xsys o O;kid Lo#ikps n”kZu

xzkeh.k dforsrwu ?kMwu vkys- xkokps xkoiu gjor pkyY;kph [kar doh lkgscjko B.kxs ;kaP;k ek>ka

xkao ¼osnuk&laosnuk½ dforse/kwu O;Dr gskrs- rlsp rs fparu”khyrsP;k ikrGho#u “ksrd&;kps iz”u

ekaMys vkgsr-

**T;kua ekrhrwu vkiY;klkBh

jkrfnla Hkkdjh milY;k


Lkaxk dks.ka dks.k riklY;k**

doh lq/kkdj xk;/kuh ;kaP;k ojhy vksGh R;kaP;k *otz ukaxj* e/kY;k vkgsr lnj dforsrwu

txkpk iksf”kank “ksrdjh “ksrkr jkc jkc jkcrks- vko”;drsuwlkj HkkaMoy [kpZ djrks- ek+= R;kus [kpZ

dsysY;k HkkaMoyk,o<sgh mRiUu “ksrhrwu fu?kr ukgh- f”kok; “kklukus ;ksthysY;k mik;;kstuk

dqpdkeh Bjrkr- txkpk ikyu djrk “ksrd&;kph gh O;Fkk R;kauh dforsrwu vfr”k; ekfeZd “kCnkr

ekaMysyh vkgs-

v”kk izdkjs xzkeh.k dforsrwu “ksrdjh izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhoj ekr d#u vkiY;k O;Fkk

dq.kkykgh u lkaxrk] dsoG vkiY;k nSokyk nks"k nsÅu thou txrks ;kps fp+=.k xzkeh.k dforsrwu

O;Dr >kysys vk<Grs- xzkeh.k thoukpk eq[; O;olk; “ksrh vkgs o ;k —

f"kthoukrhy lq[kn o nq%[kn vuqHkokpk ekfeZd vk—frca/k Eg.kts xzkeh.k dfork gks;- xzkeh.k

dforsPkk vkRek gk “ksrdjh vkgs o R;kps thoukrhy ikpohyk iqtysys nq%[k ;kfo"k;hP;k osnuk o

fonzksg xzkeh.k dforsrwu vukgwri.ks O;Dr >kysY;k vk<Grkr- ;k fonzksgkph Hkk"kk gh nfyr

lkfgR;kP;k fonzksgk,o<h dBksj ukgh rj lkSE; v”kh vkgs- xzkeh.k dforseqGs “ksrd&;kP;k thoukyk

lektkr ekukps LFkku izkIr gksrkuk fnlrs- T;k fo"k;kdMs dq.khgh y{k fnys ukgh R;k fo"k;kyk U;k;

izkIr d#u ns.;kps dk;Z ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforkauh dsysys fnlrs-

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ

1- ejkBh ok³~e;dks”k- 4 iz- vk- 2002] i`"B dzekad 113-

2- tgkxhjnkj fo”okl] e- lk- if=dk] ¼xzkeh.k lkfgR; fo”ks"kkad½ tqyS&fMlsacj 1980] i"B dz- 89-

128



Ukkf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforkUkkf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforkUkkf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforkUkkf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- jkgqy v jkgqy v jkgqy v jkgqy v”kksd ikVhykksd ikVhykksd ikVhykksd ikVhy

ejkBk fo|k izlkjd lektkps] deZohj “kkarkjkeckiw okojs dyk] foKku o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] flMdks] ukf”kd

izLrkouk% izLrkouk% izLrkouk% izLrkouk%

ejkBh lkfgR;kr fofo/k izokg iwokZikj pkyr vkysys vkgsr- dkGkizek.ks vko”;d

cnygh ejkBh lkfgR;kus osGksosGh Lohdkjysys vkgsr- dfork gk lkfgR;izdkjgh R;kyk viokn

ukgh- ejkBh lkfgR;kP;k dky[kaMh; vH;klkr lkBksRrjh gh dkye;kZnk vki.k x`ghr /kjrks(

R;kr ts dkgh eq[; cny >kys R;kpk vk<kok ?ksrk xzkeh.k lkfgR;] nfyr lkfgR; vkf.k

L=hoknh lkfgR; gs BGd izokg loZekU; >kys- dfork ;k lkfgR;izdkjkus gs dkyh; cny

lokZr izFke vkf.k usedsi.kkus vkRelkr dsys] vls EgVY;kl okoxs Bj.kkj ukgh- ejkBh xzkeh.k

dforsiqjrk fopkj djko;kpk >kY;kl] T;k dforsr xzkeh.k thoukps fp=.k xzkeh.k

laosnu”khyrsus dsysys vlrkr fryk ^xzkeh.k dfork* Eg.krkr- [ksMs] [ksM;krhy d`f’kthou]

[ksM;krhy tuthoukps nq%[k& vkuan] nkfjnz;] :<h& ijaijk] laLdrh ;k lxG;kpk lekos”k

;kr gksrks- v”kk izdkjph dfork ejkBhr loZizFke ^xqjk[;kps xk.ks* “kh’kZdkus Hkk- jk- rkacs ;kauh

fyfgyh- panz”ks[kj ;kaP;k ^dk; gks peRdkj!* gsns[khy ledkyhu dforsrwu vkysys vlsp

xzkeh.k fp=.k gksrs- ds”kolwrkauh ^,d [ksMs* fprkjys gksrs i.k rs okLrokis{kk R;kaP;k dykRed

vuqHkwrhP;k vf/kd toGps gksrs- vlks] ejkBhr vxnh larkaiklwu xzkeh.k thoukps nq%[k vkf.k

tx.ks ekaMysys vkgs- i.k xzkeh.k lkfgR; izokg vlk tsOgk mYys[k gksrks rsOgk vkuan ;kno]

uk- /kksa- egkuksj] foÎy ok?k] ukxukFk dksRrkiYys] oklqnso eqykVs ;kapk mYys[k vxzdzekus gksrks-

;k o brj vusd ledkyhu dfoauh ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork ;k dkGkr le`) dsyh-

1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork% 1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork% 1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork% 1980 uarjph ejkBh dfork%

1960 uarjP;k izokgkpk izHkko dkghlk vkslj.;kpk gk dkG gksrk- ;k dkGkr xzkeh.k

doh vf/kd tk.khosus] tckcnkjhus vkf.k frrD;kp oSfo/;iw.kZ i)rhus vfHkO;Dr gksow ykxys-

R;krhy dkgh dohaps BGd mYys[k dsys rjh rh ;knh cjhp eksBh vkgs- 1980 iwohZP;k x- y-

BksdG] x- g- ikVhy] doh fxjh”k] doh ;”koar] ch- j?kqukFk] xksjs] ds- ukj[ksMs] cfg.kkckbZ

pkS/kjh] lksikunso pkS/kjh ;kauh fuekZ.k dsysY;k ijaijsr iq<s panzdqekj uyxs] lnkuan ns”keq[k]

t;jke [ksMsdj] Jhdkar ns”keq[k] izfrek baxksys] jes”k fpYys] mRre dksGxkodj] ukjk;.k

lqear] jfopanz gMludj] izdk”k fduxkodj] banzftr Hkkysjko] dSykl lkosZdj] ukjk;.k

dqyd.khZ & doBsdj] iq:’kksRre ikVhy] ,dukFk ns”keq[k] “kadj c<s] jktu xol] ckckjko




129


eqlGs] vknhauh Hkj ?kkryh- ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsrhy gk oSfo/;iw.kZrspk dkG gksrk] vls

EgVY;kl okoxs Bj.kkj ukgh dkj.k egkjk’VkP;k dkukdksi&;krwu yksd vkikiY;k i)rhus

O;Dr gks.;kph gh lq:okr gksrh- “kkldh; /kksj.ks] uO;kus fuekZ.k gks.kkjs iz”u ;keqGs xzkeh.k

thou >ikV;kus vkf.k frrD;kp vuisf{kri.ks ;k njE;ku cnyys gksrs- R;kP;k uksanh gh

ledkyhu dfork ?ksr gksrh-

2000 uarjph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork%2000 uarjph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork%2000 uarjph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork%2000 uarjph ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork%

;k dky[kaMkpk fopkj djrk 1990 uarjP;k dkGkr tkxfrdhdj.k] [kktxhdj.k vkf.k

mnkjhdj.k lq: >kys gksrs- ;kpk izR;{k vkf.k vizR;{k ifj.kke ek.klkP;k tx.;koj iMw

ykxyk gksrk- [ksMsgh ;krwu okpw “kdys ukgh- ,dhdMs vis{kk ok<r gksR;k] “kkldh; ;a=.kk

uouoh LoIus nk[kfor gksrh vkf.k uouohu dkj[kkus& m|ksx o R;kpk ifj.kke Eg.kwu vkysY;k

;kaf=dhdj.kkrwu [ksMsgh cnyys- [kja rj gk dkG fLFkR;arjkpk gksrk- ;kph lw{e fujh{k.ks

laosnu”khy lkfgfR;d Eg.kwu ds”ko l[kkjke ns”keq[k] vt; dkaMj] izdk”k gksGdj] fe>kZ csx]

ckykth baxGs] dYiuk nq/kkG] larks’k in~ekdj iokj] y{e.k egkfMd] ,s”o;Z ikVsdj] izoh.k

ckansdj] Jhjke xOgk.ks] fojk- jkBksM] v”kksd dkSfrd dksGh] txnh”k dne] lq[knso Bk.kds]

lqjs”k lkoar] ekjksrh dlkc] dSykl nkSaM] egs”k eksjs] Hkxoku Bx] izeksn ekus] olar ikVhy]

foÎy dqyV] f”kokth ejxhG] Hkjr nkSaMdj] rqdkjke /kkaMs ;kauh dsyh vkf.k vkikiY;k “kSyhr

dforsP;k:ikr rh uksanfoyh vkgsr-

Ukkf”kd ftYgUkkf”kd ftYgUkkf”kd ftYgUkkf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork%;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork%;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork%;krhy ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfork%

[kja rj xzkeh.k lq[k & nq%[ks gh loZ= FkksM;kQkj Qjdkus lekup vkgsr- HkkSxksfyd

fHkUurk x`fgr /kjrk “ksr & “ksrdjh& R;kps tx.ks] pgwcktwus gks.kkjs “kks’k.k vkf.k R;kr

fipysyk cGhjktk vls fp= loZ=p vk<Grs i.k “kks/kfuca/kkP;k e;kZnspk fopkj djrk lexz

ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork ?ks.;kis{kk ukf”kd ftYg;krhy d`f’kdsafnzr dforspk fopkj dsY;kl ;ksX;

gksbZy Eg.kwu ukf”kd ftYg;krhy izdk”k gksGdj] ,s”o;Z ikVsdj] lafni txrki] “kadj

dkiM.khl] y{e.k egkfMd] Kkus”k mxys] rqdkjke /kkaMs] foykl ixkj] fo’.kw Fkksjs] fdj.k

Hkkolkj ;kaP;k dforspk fopkj dj.ks egRRokps Bjrs-

^dksjMs u{k=*e/khy gksGdjkaph dfork xkokps cnyrs #i] deh gksr tk.kkjk ikÅl]

R;kps Hkksorkykoj gks.kkjs ifj.kke n”kZfors-

^Hk: ns ;ank e`xkps vkHkkG*e/kwu “ksrdjh jktkph vis{kk rj ^vkY;k ekF;koj*e/kwu

Hkksorkyps nq%[k ekaMrks- ^tksfrck [kwi fygwu >kya*] ^vkyk fe#xa lair*lkj[;k dforkae/kwu

“ksrd&;kP;k vkrM;kyk iM.kkjk ihG R;kauh usedsi.kkus O;Dr dsyk vkgs-

130



^HkqbZ”kkL=*e/khy ikVsdjkaph dfork “ksrd&;kps fofo/k Lrjkojps tx.ks ekaMrs- laokn

lk/kr FksV rh okpdkaP;k Hkkoukauk gkr ?kkyrs- ijaijk vkf.k uork ;kaps feJ.k R;kr vkgs-

cnyR;k d`’khO;oLFkseqGs] “kks’k.kkeqGs pkjgh eqaM;k phr gks.kkjs xko R;kauh ^gfjikB* dforsrwu

lkdkjys vkgs-

^nRrw rkacs eqD;kua esyk] d”kkua dkghp dGya ukgh!

dtkZpa vks>a Hkkjhp ok<ya] Eg.kwu ftokyk ykoyh dk vkgh\

ck;dk iksja jMys ukgh] dkj.k dkghp dGya ukgh

iapkpk ukek iksfyl ukgh] dkj.k dkghp dGya ukgh* ;k dforsrwu iq<s d`’.kk xkoMs

;kph ck;dks mpywu us.ka] xks;ank lqrkjkpa ?kj iM.ka] pdz/kj fpa/kwua Qk”kh ?ks.ka] efPNanz

fiaxGsph iksj yaikl gks.ka] ukenso ijcpa tGwu ej.ka] fo’.kw HkVkph iksFkh gjo.ka] pkaxw x.kirpk

ik; rqV.ka] cadk pkaHkkjkpk oa”k u’V gks.ka] eqDrkckbZpa iksjxa ;sMa gks.ka gs ekaMrkuk gs izkphu

dkGkiklwu pkyr vkya vkgs gk fopkj ekaMrkuk ijaijsrhy lkE; vlysyh vusd mnkgj.ks

nsrks- dforsP;k “ksoVh]

^xkokr uqLrh@ mjyh Hkwra@ ftrh ek.kla@

xsyh ck dqBa\ /kko js foB;k@ lksMwu foV--!* vls vkokgu doh ijes”ojkyk djrks-

lafni txrki gs ikjaifjd d`f’kdsafnzr vFkZO;oLFkk vkf.k rsFkhy “kks’k.k rj ekaMrkrp

i.k ;k nq%[kkoj jMr cl.;kis{kk y<.;kpk mik;gh ^HkqbZHkksx*e/kwu lwpforkr- tls% ^LQksV*

dforsr rs

êyk okojkrY;k@ fidkaukp

lq:axkph nk:@ [kr Eg.kwu Vkdkoh okVrs

Eg.kts---@ R;k /kkU;kpa

vUu >kY;koj@ vkf.k ;k eqnkZMkaP;k

iksVkr xsY;koj@ R;kaP;k jDrkrwu

dzkarhps LQksV Ogkos@ ;k vis{ksus--!*

;k laxzgkrhy ikp& lkr dfork y<.;kps fofo/k ekxZ lwpforkr- R;kr ^Bjko* gh

dforkgh y<.;kpk osxGk vkf.k tkyhe ekxZ nk[kfors-

^QDr ,dnkp ,d= ;k@ lxG;k dq.kC;kP;k iksjkauks

vkf.k Bjko djk@ Lor%P;k iksVkiwjrap fidok;pa

o’kZHkj@ cktkjkr fodk;pa ukgh dkgh

exa c?kw@ bFkY;k dhMk edksM;kaph lj.ka

d”kh tGr ukgh@ vkf.k rqEgh fidoysY;k




131


ekykph fdaer@ rqeP;k ?kkek,o<h Bjr ukgh\*

“kadj dkiM.khl ^>Gk vkf.k /kkjk*rwu fofo/k :ikryk mUgkGk “kCnkr idMrkr-

^fu;rhps pkan.ks* dforsr rs fyfgrkr]

^Åu mdGrs ckbZ@ gksrks tho ykgh ykgh

rkUgk jMrks d/khpk@ ik.kh ?kkxjhr ukgh

Hkj mUgkr jLR;kyk@ [kMh QksMrs ekÅyh

ckG Bsoh vkMks”kkyk@ tsFks tjk”kh lkoyh*

v”kk ifjfLFkrhr doh nsokdMs êkx.ks* ekxrkuk ;kp “kh’kZdkph fyfgrks]

îkolk ikolk ,sd ek>h O;Fkk@ lalkjh osnuk lkjh nSU;dFkk

,d fc?kk “ksrh myw”kh fofgj@ vLrqjhlkscr d’V fnuHkj*

y{e.k egkfMd ^dq.kC;kph dfork* laxzgkrwu ^”ksrd&;kpk 7@12* ekaMrkr-

^ckikP;k e;rhuarj@ R;kP;k eR;wph ljdkj nIrjh uksan djrkuk

rykB;kyk |koh ykxrs nf{k.kk@ ?kkykO;k ykxrkr iznf{k.kk ljdkjh dps&;kauk-

dnkfpr vla dsyagh ukgh rj@

cki e:ugh ftoar jkghy dk;epkp ljdkjh dps&;kaP;k jsdkWMZoj

ex] vki.k eksB;k J)sua ?kkrysY;k Jk)kyk eqGhp vFkZ mjr ukgh---*

gh vkf.k ^xkFkk*] *ehp dforspk cki >kyks*] ^lkjs u{k= dksjMs tkrkuk*] HkksxoVk*]

^fnaMh* v”kk fdrhrjh dfork okpdeukpk Bko ?ksrkr-

Kkus”k mxys ;kauh ^vWxzksou*ps laiknu djrkuk xzkeh.k ekrh”kh R;kaps ukrs fVdwu vkgs-

dkgh dlnkj dforkgh fyfgY;k vkgsr-

^rksMky fdrh [kksMkiklwu@ NkVky fdrh cqMkiklwu

fdrh dsyk tjh ;kP;k@ vfLrRRokpk ikM

iqu%iqUgk mxosy@ gs ltZukpa >kMa

dkj.k ;kph ewGa vkgsr [kksy@ ekrhr ?kV` ?kV` :rysyh*

pgwdMwu “ksrd&;koj ladVs vkyh vlrkuk R;krwu cGhjktk rjsy] txsy vlk leFkZ

vk”kkokn gh dfork ekaMrs-

rqdkjke /kkaMs fulxZ] vkfnoklh doh Eg.kwu loZifjfpr vlys rjh R;kaP;k dforsr

;s.kkjk xko fo”ks’k vkgs- R;kaP;k dkO;ys[kukph izsj.kk vkf.k ik”oZHkweh gh xzkeh.k vkgs R;keqGs ;k

dforsph ikGseqGs xkok”kh ?kV~V cka/kysyh vkgsr- ^lkgsc*] ôkV.kh*] ^rqdksck vkf.k vktksck*] îksj

Mksaxjkoj HkkGyh*] ^Hkwxksy*] ^vkbZ gksrs rsOgk* ;k dforsrwu ;kph izfprh ;srs-

132



foykl ixkj gs nh?kZdkGkiklwu i=dkfjrk djrkr- xzaFkkaps okpu] ifjp; ;kplkscr

Lor%ps dkO;ys[ku gs R;kaps osxGsi.k vkgs- rs xkokP;k ekrhrwu] laLdrhrwu tx.;kdMs

ikgrkr- ukrhxksrh] tx.ks& ej.ks] “ksrdjh vkbZ&ofMy] xkokrhy rk.kr.kko rs lk/;k lk/;k

“kCnkarwu O;Dr djrkr- êk;ekrh* gk R;kapk laxzg tkusokjh 2010 e/;s izdkf”kr >kyk vkf.k

R;kyk vusd ekukps iqjLdkjgh ykHkys gksrs- êh vkf.k ekrh* ;k dforsrwu rs

êh ,d “ksrdjh@ ekrhpa xk.ka xkrks@

ekrhe/;s mxoysya@ d’Vkpa nk.ka [kkrks]

tUe gksrks rsOgkiklwu@ vaxkoj ekrh ;srs@

txrkuk [ksGrkuk@ rksaMke/;s ekrh tkrs---* v”kh “ksrh”kh ,d#i >kY;kph Hkkouk O;Dr

djrkr- dkgh”kh v”khp Hkkouk rs

êk>a vkf.k ekrhpa@ vla ,d ukra vkgs

vk;q’; fQjo.kkja@ ekrh gsp tkra vkgs---* ;k vksGharwugh ekaMrkr-

fo’.kw Fkksjs ewGkr iw.kZosG “ksrh dj.kkjs vkf.k vkiY;krhy laosnu”khy doheu ti.kkjs

O;fDreRRo- rs d/kh fp=karwu O;Dr gksrkr rj d/kh dforsrwu- R;kauk vkf.k R;kaP;k dforsykgh

vusd ekukps iqjLdkj vkf.k yksdekU;rk ykHkyh- dfork lknj djr rs loZlkekU;kaP;k

euki;Zar iksgkspys- gtkjks dkO;okpukP;k dk;Zdzekrwu rs egkjk’VHkj lwifjfpr vkgsr- ^/kwGisjk

mlork* gk R;kapk ifgyk dkO;laxzg ,fizy 2015 e/;s izdkf”kr >kyk- ekrh] d`f’kO;oLFkk]

“ksrd&;kaP;k iz”ukauk rs cnyR;k xkokrwu vkf.k rVLFk n`f’Vdksukrwu ekaMrkr-

“ksrd&;kps “kks’k.k dj.kk&;kpk jkx gh dfork la;fer i)rhus djr-s i;kZ; ukgh

Eg.kwu gs “kks’k.k gksr jkgrs- R;kosGph “ksrd&;kph usedh ekufldrk gh dfork ekaMrs(

îkp #i;kph esFkhph tqMh@ nksu #i;kyk ekx.kkjk

lqVkryk lkgsc@ “kaHkjkph uksV nkorks vu~

ekoGa QsdY;kijhl@ bdysya cja Eg.kwu vki.k

ujM;kyk cksV ykorks*

fdaok

^fQYeh >kyh ek.kla@ tx.ka >kya <sdwG

rgkuY;k pkrdkokuh@ vki.k ek= O;kdqG* v”kh O;Dr gks.kkjh gh dfork izfrek]

izfrds] miek ;kaP;kekxs u ykxrk vks?koR;k Hkk’ksr O;Dr gksrs-

fdj.k Hkkolkj ;kaph dfork êqGkaojph ekrh lkaHkkGrkuk* ;k laxzgkrwu vkyh-

ygkui.kkiklwu ikfgysya xko vkrk fnlr ukgh gh [kar ,dhdMs vlrkuk tk.ko.kkjs cny

Hkkolkj dforsrwu ekaMrkr-




133


^fdrh cnyya xko vkrk@ xko xkokr jkfgya ukgh

/kM [ksMagh mjya ukgh@ vu~ “kgjgh >kya ukgh

igkVs yodj mBk;pa xko@ pkjk oSj.k djk;pa

jkeigk&;kr nso Ugk.kwu@ eksV ukMk /kjk;pa--* gh dfork vlsy fdaok

^gk vlk ijD;klkj[kk dk okVrks; xko@ fi<;ku~fi<;k xq.;kxksfoankua ukan.kkjk

Ekk.kwldhyk tkx.kkjk@ bekukua jkc.kkjk

gkdslj'kh /kko.kkjk@ ekrhr lksua osp.kkjk

;k dkyP;k okoVGhr dlk xsyk HksydkaMwu* vls iz”u mifLFkr djrkuk dforsP;k

“ksoVh

^vkrk ls>P;k ;k oknGkr@ dqByk iSlk vu~ dqByh vkyh HkjikbZ

dq.kh lkaxk gks] dqBs xsyh vkeph vkbZ\* vls “ksrtehu cGdko.ksgh ekaMrks- ,danjhr

fparu”khy vkf.k gn;Li”khZ v”kh gh dfork vkgs-

lekjksi vkf.k fu’d’kZ%

ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork gh dkGkizek.ks fo”ks’kr% vktwcktwP;k cnykaizek.ks cnyrh jkfgysyh

vkgs- ekuoh tx.;krhy rk.ksck.ks] p<& mrkj] fo”ks’kr% cnyrs xzkE;thou ejkBh ledkyhu

dforsus ckjdkbZus uksanfoysys vkgs- ekuoh tx.;krhy vkf.k n`f’Vdksukrhy lw{e cnygh ;k

dohaP;k fujh{k.kkrwu lwVysys ukghr-

ukf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu dforspk fopkj djrk izR;sd dohph “kSyh gh osxosxGh

vkgs- izdk”k gksGdj rjy] gGwokj dfork fyfgrkr rj ikVsdj jks[kBksd ¼vHkax o gfjikB

Lo#ikr½ ijaijsph dkl /k:u vkiyh ekaM.kh djrkr- fo’.kw Fkksjs “ksrdjh “kks’k.k lgu djrks

dkj.k R;kP;kdMs nqljk i;kZ; ulrks vls fopkj ekaMrkr rj lafni txrki l|fLFkrhoj ekr

dj.;klkBh fofo/k izdkjps y<kow ekxZ nk[kforkr- y{e.k egkfMd uksanh Lo:ikr “ksrd&;kph

dfork Eg.kts lkr ckjk ekaMrkr rj foykl ixkj “ksrdjh Eg.kwu Hkwfedk ekaM.;kl izk/kkU;

nsrkr- Kkus”k mxys vkiY;k dforsr vk”kkokn ekaMrkr rj fdj.k Hkkolkj cnyrs xko dsanz

Bsowu dfork fyfgrkr- “kadj dkiM.khl mUgkGk vkf.k R;kr jkc.kkjh vkbZ js[kkVrkr-

“ksoVh] xzkeh.k thou vkys dh R;kr jkc.ks vkysp i.k R;k jkc.;kps pht Ogkos gh

fdeku vis{kk tsOgk viw.kZ jkgrs vkf.k txkP;k iksf”ka|kyk enr dj.;k,soth tsOgk R;kps

“kks’k.k gksrs] gksrp jkgrs rsOgk ek= “ksrd&;kph iksja ys[kuh gkrkr ?ksrkr- mRLQwrZi.ks

fyfgrkr vkf.k R;kph gh dfork gksrs- th euki;Zar tkrs vkf.k vareqZ[kgh djrs- ts lkfgR;

euki;Zar tkrs vkf.k fopkj djk;yk ykors rs ntsZnkj ;k fud’kkoj ukf”kd ftYg;krhy

134



dfoaph dfork [kjh mrjrs- rh okpdkyk oSfo/;iw.kZ vuqHkwrh nsrs vkf.k egkjk’VHkj fofo/k:ikus

okpyh] ,sdyh tkrs gsp frP;k xq.koRrsps eksBs izek.k gks;- ckdh iqjLdkjkaP;kckcrhr cksyk;ps

rj ;k ledkyhu xzkeh.k dfoauh dkO;ys[kuklkBh “kaHkjgwu vf/kd jkT; iqjLdkj iVdkoys

vkgsr Eg.kts yksdekU;rk vkf.k jktekU;rk ;k nksUgh ckcrhr ukf”kd ftYg;krhy ledkyhu

dfork vftckr ekxs ukgh-

lanHkZlanHkZlanHkZlanHkZ % % % %

1- /kwGisjk mlork% fo’.kw Fkksjs% v{kjca/k izdk”ku] ukf”kd% 2015

2- HkqbZ”kkL=% ,s”o;Z ikVsdj% “kCnky; izdk”ku] Jhjkeiwj% 2011

3- ek;ekrh% foykl ixkj% vkdk”k izdk”ku] ukf”kd% 2010

4- eqGkaojph ekrh lkaHkkGrkuk% fdj.k Hkkolkj% dknok f”kokj izdk”ku] ukf”kd% 2011

5- dq.kC;kph dfork% y{e.k egkfMd% “kCnky; izdk”ku] Jhjkeiwj

6- >Gk vkf.k /kkjk% “ka- d- dkiM.khl% iq#uank izdk”ku] ukf”kd% 2016

7- dksjMs u{k=% izdk”k gksGdj

8- HkqbZHkksx% lafni txrki% v{kjokM~-e; izdk”ku] iq.ks% 2009

9- oGho% rqdkjke /kkaMs% jktgal izdk”ku] 2007

10- ejkBh xzkeh.k dforspk bfrgkl% dSykl lkosZdj

11- lkfgR;k;u% 1980 uarjps ejkBh lkfgR; o leh{kk% fouk;djko ikVhy egkfo|ky;]

oStkiwj] vkSjaxkckn % 2011




135


Jhdkar lkgscjko nsJhdkar lkgscjko nsJhdkar lkgscjko nsJhdkar lkgscjko ns”keq[kkkeq[kkkeq[kkkeq[kkaph ledkykps nLr,sothdj.k dj.kkjh dforkaph ledkykps nLr,sothdj.k dj.kkjh dforkaph ledkykps nLr,sothdj.k dj.kkjh dforkaph ledkykps nLr,sothdj.k dj.kkjh dfork

fuye izHkkdj ckxqyfuye izHkkdj ckxqyfuye izHkkdj ckxqyfuye izHkkdj ckxqy

la”kks/kd fon;kFkhZ

mif”kf{kdk] yksdusrs “ka-ck-okts fon;ky;] flUuj

ledkyhu ejkBh dfork gs vk/kqfud dforsps pkSFks ioZ vkgs- ifgY;k iokZr ds”kolqrkauh

baxzth oG.kkph lkSan;Zoknh dforsP;k ijaijscjkscjp lkekftd Hkku ti.kkjh vk/kqfud dfork

ejkBhr vk.kyh- nqlÚ;k iokZr e<sZdjkauh baxzthoG.kkph vk/kqfudrkoknh dforsph ijaijk

vk.kyh- frlÚ;k iokZr lkSan;Zoknh Hkkodfork {kh.k gksÅu y?kqfu;rdkyhd pGoGhrwu vkysyh

laosnu”khy dfork izHkkoh Bjyh- pkSF;k iokZr vk/kqfud okLrokps] ek.klkP;k ispkps vusd

iSyw myxMwu nk[kfo.kkjh dfork vkyh-1 nfyr dforscjkscjp vkfnoklh] eqLyhe] xzkeh.k

vkf.k L=hoknh dforsps izokg ;kp iokZr vkys- izR;sd lkfgR; izokgkps Lor%ps Lora= oSf”k’V;

vkgs-

ejkBh xzkeh.k lkfgR;kr dFkk] dknacjh] yfyr ys[ku ;kaP;k rqyusus xzkeh.k dfork

dkgh”kh m”khjk o deh izek.kkr vkysyh vk<Grs-2 gh ifjfLFkrh 1975 i;Zar rjh gksrh-

eqGkrp xzkelaLdrh] xzkethou] “ksrh] frps Lo:i] ihd ik.kh] fulxkZoj vlysys ijkoyachRo]

vfro`’Vh] vuko’Vh ¼nq’dkG½] vodkG] R;keqGs “ksrdÚ;kph >kysyh nSuk] R;kph xqjs <ksjs

;klkj[ks fo’k; xzkeh.k thoukpk izR;{k vuqHko vl.kkjs lqf”kf{kr r:.k izFker% x| Lo:ikr

dYidusrs ekaMw ykxys- xzkeh.k x| ys[kukcjkscjp] xzkeh.k dforkgh iq<s vkyh vkf.k xzkeh.k

dforkapk Lora= izdkjgh pkaxyk :< >kyk-

lq:okrhP;k dky[kaMkr xzkeh.k dfork dkgh”kh LoIujatukRed] jkseaWaUVhd oG.kkph

¼lkSn;Zoknh½ gksrh- 1975&80 uarjP;k dkGkr gh ijhfLFkrh cnyysyh fnlrs- 1980 uarjP;k

dkGkr vusd egRokps o pkaxys dkO;ys[ku dj.kkjs doh mn;kyk vkys- foBBy ok?k]

banzftr Hkkysjko] izdk”k gksGdj] y{e.k egkMhd] Jhdkar ns”keq[k vls fdrh rjh doh 1980

P;k njE;ku fygw ykxys- ;k loZ dfoauh xzkeh.k thouklaca/kh ,d osxGs lektHkku izdV

dsys- R;kiSdh dkgh dfoauh yksdxhrkarwu rj dkghauh lar dkO;kP;k ijaijsps oSf”k’V; tiys-

eh ;k fuca/kkr doh Jhdkar lkgscjko ns”keq[k ;kaP;k lanHkkZr ek>s fufj{k.k ekaM.kkj vkgs-

R;kaps ^cGhoar ¼1997½*] ^vk’kk<ekrh ¼2001½* vkf.k ^cksykos rs vkEgh ¼2013½* gs laxzg izfl/n

>kys vkgs rj okjdjh ijaijk ti.kkjk gk doh vHkax ;k ijaijkxr dkO;izdkjkpk ledkyhu

okLro ekaM.;klkBh okij djrkauk vk<Grks-

136



vHkax gk dkO; izdkj eqGkrp yofpd Lo:ikpk] jksdBksd ekaM.kh gs vHkaxkps oSf”k’V;-

ejkBh ijaijspk gk olk doh Jhdkar ns”keq[k ;kauh iq<s pkyfoysyk fnlrks- rs ^cGhoar vkEgh*

;k dforsr Eg.krkr]

cGhoar vkEghcGhoar vkEghcGhoar vkEghcGhoar vkEgh <sdGkaps nkl<sdGkaps nkl<sdGkaps nkl<sdGkaps nkl

HkwbZpkp okjkHkwbZpkp okjkHkwbZpkp okjkHkwbZpkp okjk vaxksikaxhvaxksikaxhvaxksikaxhvaxksikaxh

dqG”khy dks.kkdqG”khy dks.kkdqG”khy dks.kkdqG”khy dks.kk lkaxkos u ykxslkaxkos u ykxslkaxkos u ykxslkaxkos u ykxs

cSy mHks tkxscSy mHks tkxscSy mHks tkxscSy mHks tkxs nko.khyknko.khyknko.khyknko.khyk----

¼cfGoar i`- 86½

izR;sd O;Drhph eqyHkwr xjt Eg.kts fuokjk- fuokjk Eg.kts ?kjA gs dq.kC;kps ?kj] fuV

dj.;kpk fopkj rks djr vlrks- d/kh d/kh dq.kC;kph izk.kT;ksr gh ekyors] rjh R;kP;k

?kjkph Hkhar fuV mHkh djrk ;sr ukgh- gh dq.kC;kph O;Fkk dfous vHkax Lo:ikr ^xkopk

“kstkj* ;k dforsr ekaMyh vkgs-

d.k d.k ekrh xGsd.k d.k ekrh xGsd.k d.k ekrh xGsd.k d.k ekrh xGs fHkar ikBhr okdyhfHkar ikBhr okdyhfHkar ikBhr okdyhfHkar ikBhr okdyh

dq.kC;kph izk.k xkFkkdq.kC;kph izk.k xkFkkdq.kC;kph izk.k xkFkkdq.kC;kph izk.k xkFkk foBksckP;k xkok xsyhfoBksckP;k xkok xsyhfoBksckP;k xkok xsyhfoBksckP;k xkok xsyh

¼cfGoar i`- 37½

vkvkvkvknhnhnhnhrRo foBBy %rRo foBBy %rRo foBBy %rRo foBBy % lkr”ks o’kkZiklwu lkÚ;k dq.kC;kauk vkf.k R;kP;k vBjkixM vyqrs

cyqrsnkjkauk cka/kwu Bso.kkjk] o’kkZuqo’ksZ vkiY;kdMs ;k;yk yko.kkjk foBksck] vgksjk= “ksrhr

jkc.kkjk “ksrdjh] vk’kk<h dkfrZdsyk ia<jiwjyk tkowu foBksckyk vardj.kkr Hk:u ?ksrkr vkf.k

foBksckp R;kaps loZdkgh vlrks- R;kaP;k ^foBBy okjdjh* ;k dforsr dohus EgVys vkgs]

foBBy foBBy foBBy foBBy okjdjhokjdjhokjdjhokjdjh

foBByfoBByfoBByfoBBy rqdkjkerqdkjkerqdkjkerqdkjke

foBByfoBByfoBByfoBBy tutututukckbZkckbZkckbZkckbZ

foBBy foBBy foBBy foBBy lkjs dkghlkjs dkghlkjs dkghlkjs dkgh

¼vk’kk< ekrh i`- 50½

dsoG ,dp uOgs rj laiw.kZ xkop okjdjh laiznk;kph ijaijk pkyforkauk fnlrs-

vktP;k lektO;oLFksr vf/kd “kks’k.k gksrkauk fnlrs- rjhgh rks ;k “kks’k.kklkBh

dq.kkykgh tckcnkj ekur ukgh- lŸkk/kkjh] jktdkj.kh] Jhear ;kauk rks vkiyk “k=w ekur

ukgh rj rks ljG vkiya xkÚgk.ka foBksckdMs ekaMrks- ^FkksMklk bZ”oj* ;k dforsr doh

Eg.krkr]

feVrhy rso<s iz”u bFkap feVowu ?;kosrfeVrhy rso<s iz”u bFkap feVowu ?;kosrfeVrhy rso<s iz”u bFkap feVowu ?;kosrfeVrhy rso<s iz”u bFkap feVowu ?;kosr----

fdeku Lor%yk rjh gkMkeklkafdeku Lor%yk rjh gkMkeklkafdeku Lor%yk rjh gkMkeklkafdeku Lor%yk rjh gkMkeklkalg laiowu Vkdkoalg laiowu Vkdkoalg laiowu Vkdkoalg laiowu Vkdkoa----




137


vk’kk<kP;k egkvkjrhrvk’kk<kP;k egkvkjrhrvk’kk<kP;k egkvkjrhrvk’kk<kP;k egkvkjrhr

vki.kp vkiyk djkok /kwvki.kp vkiyk djkok /kwvki.kp vkiyk djkok /kwvki.kp vkiyk djkok /kwiiii

duokGw jkT; dR;kZaP;k lk{khuduokGw jkT; dR;kZaP;k lk{khuduokGw jkT; dR;kZaP;k lk{khuduokGw jkT; dR;kZaP;k lk{khu

rstkGsy foBBykpa ik’kk.k dkGa vkoMa rksaM rstkGsy foBBykpa ik’kk.k dkGa vkoMa rksaM rstkGsy foBBykpa ik’kk.k dkGa vkoMa rksaM rstkGsy foBBykpa ik’kk.k dkGa vkoMa rksaM

fnlsy vodGkfnlsy vodGkfnlsy vodGkfnlsy vodGk

“krdkuq”krdkP;k vksjckMysY;k ekrhph“krdkuq”krdkP;k vksjckMysY;k ekrhph“krdkuq”krdkP;k vksjckMysY;k ekrhph“krdkuq”krdkP;k vksjckMysY;k ekrhph


xzke tkf.kok %xzke tkf.kok %xzke tkf.kok %xzke tkf.kok %

Jhdkar ns”keq[kkaps xzkeh.k eukps n”kZu fdaok xzkeh.k tkf.ko gh R;kaP;k ys[kukrwu

vk<Grs- R;kauh xzkeh.k tkf.ko lrr Lohdkjysyh vk<Grs- ^d’khiz/kku “ksrhpk mi;ksx* gk

Hkkjrh; [ksM;kpk vkRek vkgs- gk vkRek tksoj ukghlk gksr ukgh rksoj Hkkjrh; [ksMs fdrhgh

lq/kkjys rjh [ksMap jkg.kkj vkgs- R;keqGs Hkkjrh; thoukr o laLdrhr xzkeh.k lkfgR;kyk

vuU;lk/kkj.k egRo vkgs]3 gs iVrs-

[ksMs gs lkeqnkf;d fjR;k tx.kkjs vlrs] xko Eg.kts eksBs dqVwac vlrs- bFkyk izR;sd

ek.kwl xkok”kh tksMysyk vlrks- bFkyk ek.kwl dqBsgh xsyk rjh R;kP;k eukrhy ^xko* lrr

izokghr vlra- ;kpk “kks/k doh ^xko* g;k dforsr ?ksrks-

xkao uqLrkp xkoa ulrks d/khxkao uqLrkp xkoa ulrks d/khxkao uqLrkp xkoa ulrks d/khxkao uqLrkp xkoa ulrks d/kh

xkokr vlrkr ek.kla xqj<ksjxkokr vlrkr ek.kla xqj<ksjxkokr vlrkr ek.kla xqj<ksjxkokr vlrkr ek.kla xqj<ksj

vlra f”kokj xkokykvlra f”kokj xkokykvlra f”kokj xkokykvlra f”kokj xkokyk

f”kokjkr vlrs ekrhf”kokjkr vlrs ekrhf”kokjkr vlrs ekrhf”kokjkr vlrs ekrh

ekrhoj rjk:u ;ekrhoj rjk:u ;ekrhoj rjk:u ;ekrhoj rjk:u ;ssssrkr d.klarkr d.klarkr d.klarkr d.kla

¼cfGoar i`- 27½

;k lxG;ka”kh tksMysyk] cka/kysyk xkoa] lxG;kaP;k ,dksI;krwu ,desdkar foj?kG.;krwu

xkokyk xkoi.k ;srs- R;kaps lxG;kapsp laca/k jDrkP;k ukR;klkj[ksp vlrkr- ^rj.kh iksj* ;k

dforsrwu R;kph tk.kho izd’kkZus gksrs-

rj.kh ikrj.kh ikrj.kh ikrj.kh ikssssja esyh dh] xkokrhy ?kja gcdrkrja esyh dh] xkokrhy ?kja gcdrkrja esyh dh] xkokrhy ?kja gcdrkrja esyh dh] xkokrhy ?kja gcdrkr----

dqBarjh ftOgkjh ykxra xkokP;k vla ej.kadqBarjh ftOgkjh ykxra xkokP;k vla ej.kadqBarjh ftOgkjh ykxra xkokP;k vla ej.kadqBarjh ftOgkjh ykxra xkokP;k vla ej.ka

m.khnq.kh cktqyk lk:u lkjst.k nq%[k djrkr lktja m.khnq.kh cktqyk lk:u lkjst.k nq%[k djrkr lktja m.khnq.kh cktqyk lk:u lkjst.k nq%[k djrkr lktja m.khnq.kh cktqyk lk:u lkjst.k nq%[k djrkr lktja

mnmnmnmn~~~~/oLr ek.klkaP;k MksG;kr vlrkr/oLr ek.klkaP;k MksG;kr vlrkr/oLr ek.klkaP;k MksG;kr vlrkr/oLr ek.klkaP;k MksG;kr vlrkr----

ekrh vkM xkMyh tk.kkjh fcu yXukph iksjekrh vkM xkMyh tk.kkjh fcu yXukph iksjekrh vkM xkMyh tk.kkjh fcu yXukph iksjekrh vkM xkMyh tk.kkjh fcu yXukph iksj

138




v”kk ,dla?k vl.kkÚ;k xkokrhy ek.klkaph ikGewG ;kp ekrhr [kksyoj :tysyh

vk<Grkr- e- xka/khauh Lokra«;kuarj] ^[ksM;kdMs pyk* gk lans”k Hkkjrh; tursyk fnyk- vkf.k

Eg.kwup dfous ^ckiwthalkj[ks [ksM;k fo’k;h* ;k dforsr EgVys vkgs]

ckiwthalkj[ks iwUgk ,dnk vki.kckiwthalkj[ks iwUgk ,dnk vki.kckiwthalkj[ks iwUgk ,dnk vki.kckiwthalkj[ks iwUgk ,dnk vki.k

[ksM;k fo’k;h cksy.ks vko”;d vkgs[ksM;k fo’k;h cksy.ks vko”;d vkgs[ksM;k fo’k;h cksy.ks vko”;d vkgs[ksM;k fo’k;h cksy.ks vko”;d vkgs----

[ksM;kr u jkg.kkjh ek.[ksM;kr u jkg.kkjh ek.[ksM;kr u jkg.kkjh ek.[ksM;kr u jkg.kkjh ek.klap [ksM;kfo’k;h klap [ksM;kfo’k;h klap [ksM;kfo’k;h klap [ksM;kfo’k;h

vf/kd izsekua cksyrkr fdaok fyfgrkrvf/kd izsekua cksyrkr fdaok fyfgrkrvf/kd izsekua cksyrkr fdaok fyfgrkrvf/kd izsekua cksyrkr fdaok fyfgrkr----

;k fVdsdMa vki.k rkRiqjr nqyZ{k d: ;k;k fVdsdMa vki.k rkRiqjr nqyZ{k d: ;k;k fVdsdMa vki.k rkRiqjr nqyZ{k d: ;k;k fVdsdMa vki.k rkRiqjr nqyZ{k d: ;k

,o< O;kidRo Lo,o< O;kidRo Lo,o< O;kidRo Lo,o< O;kidRo LohhhhdkjY;kf”kok;dkjY;kf”kok;dkjY;kf”kok;dkjY;kf”kok;

vkiY;kyk [ksM;kfo’k;h cksyrk ;s.kkj ukghvkiY;kyk [ksM;kfo’k;h cksyrk ;s.kkj ukghvkiY;kyk [ksM;kfo’k;h cksyrk ;s.kkj ukghvkiY;kyk [ksM;kfo’k;h cksyrk ;s.kkj ukgh----

¼vk’kk<ekrh i`- 100½

vkt ek= vk/kqfuddj.kkP;k jsV;keqGs] tkxfrdhdj.kkeqGs f”kdY;k lojysY;k

yksdkaeqGs] tkf.kok cksFkVysY;k ek.klkaeqGs] jktdkj.;kaeqGs] xkokyk osxGs :i ;sr vkgs- bFkyh

ek.kla gGwgGw i”kwor orZu d: ykxyh vkgsr- doh vfr”k; iz{kksfHkr Hkk’ksr ^jkuMqdjkaps

dGi* ;k dforsr Eg.krkr-

brj taxyh izk.kh funku ,d iF; ikGrkrbrj taxyh izk.kh funku ,d iF; ikGrkrbrj taxyh izk.kh funku ,d iF; ikGrkrbrj taxyh izk.kh funku ,d iF; ikGrkr----

xjts izek.k [kkrkrxjts izek.k [kkrkrxjts izek.k [kkrkrxjts izek.k [kkrkr

Hkwd ulrkauk f”kdkj dj.kgh VkGrkrHkwd ulrkauk f”kdkj dj.kgh VkGrkrHkwd ulrkauk f”kdkj dj.kgh VkGrkrHkwd ulrkauk f”kdkj dj.kgh VkGrkr----

¼cksykos rs vkEgh i`- 84½

T;kizek.ks] jkuMqdj fo/oald o`Rrhph vlrkr r”kh fo/oald o`Rrh vkt ek.klkr fnlr

vkgs-

iq:’k izfrek % iq:’k izfrek % iq:’k izfrek % iq:’k izfrek % doh Jhdkar ns”keq[kkaP;k dforsrwu izdV gks.kkjk cki gk iq:’k lŸkkd O;oLFkspk

izfrfu/kh Bjr ukgh rj rks “ksrkoj d’V dj.;kr fu’Bk vl.kkjk “ksrdjh vlrks- rks

d’VdÚ;kapk izfrfu/kh gksÅu tkrks- rs ^cki tUekyk rsOgk* ;k dforsr Eg.krkr-

cki tUeyk rsOgk cki tUeyk rsOgk cki tUeyk rsOgk cki tUeyk rsOgk

vk<;krwu jk= djdjrvk<;krwu jk= djdjrvk<;krwu jk= djdjrvk<;krwu jk= djdjr gksrh gksrh gksrh gksrh----

eSykojP;k f”kosojeSykojP;k f”kosojeSykojP;k f”kosojeSykojP;k f”kosoj

ukxh.k lGlGr gksrhukxh.k lGlGr gksrhukxh.k lGlGr gksrhukxh.k lGlGr gksrh----

rks o;kr vkykrks o;kr vkykrks o;kr vkykrks o;kr vkyk

ekrh ukaxj gksÅu mByhekrh ukaxj gksÅu mByhekrh ukaxj gksÅu mByhekrh ukaxj gksÅu mByh




139


yksd Eg.kkysyksd Eg.kkysyksd Eg.kkysyksd Eg.kkys

menk “ksrdjh vkykmenk “ksrdjh vkykmenk “ksrdjh vkykmenk “ksrdjh vkyk

lksulGhps fnol vkys rls xsyslksulGhps fnol vkys rls xsyslksulGhps fnol vkys rls xsyslksulGhps fnol vkys rls xsys

cki Egkrkjk >kykcki Egkrkjk >kykcki Egkrkjk >kykcki Egkrkjk >kyk

mn;k xkodqlkrmn;k xkodqlkrmn;k xkodqlkrmn;k xkodqlkr

xk.k cgjyp letkxk.k cgjyp letkxk.k cgjyp letkxk.k cgjyp letk

xsY;k ckikpa vlsyxsY;k ckikpa vlsyxsY;k ckikpa vlsyxsY;k ckikpa vlsy

,d lkaxw,d lkaxw,d lkaxw,d lkaxw

ckiyk iq.ktZUe vkoMk;pkckiyk iq.ktZUe vkoMk;pkckiyk iq.ktZUe vkoMk;pkckiyk iq.ktZUe vkoMk;pk

dnkfpr ik[k: gksÅughdnkfpr ik[k: gksÅughdnkfpr ik[k: gksÅughdnkfpr ik[k: gksÅugh

cka/kkoj ;sÅu clk;pkcka/kkoj ;sÅu clk;pkcka/kkoj ;sÅu clk;pkcka/kkoj ;sÅu clk;pk

¼cfGoar i`- 39½

dq.kC;kp iksj tUekyk vkY;kuarj gks.kkjk vkuan] R;kpk vkf.k “ksrhpk vl.kkjk laca/k

brdkgh vrwV dh eR;wuarjgh rks ik[k: gksÅu* cka/kkoj clr vlsy vls okV.ks LokHkkfod

vkgs-

iqutZUe J/nk dh va/kJ/nk gk Hkko u Bsork doh vkiys fopkj ekaMrks- e`R;wuarj

cka/kkoj ik[k: gks.kkjk cki îkfgy vkgs* ;k dforsr doh Eg.krkr]

isj.kh uarj ckikuaisj.kh uarj ckikuaisj.kh uarj ckikuaisj.kh uarj ckikua

lgt Le”kkukrwulgt Le”kkukrwulgt Le”kkukrwulgt Le”kkukrwu

Qsjh ekjyhQsjh ekjyhQsjh ekjyhQsjh ekjyh

vksY;k jkuklkscrvksY;k jkuklkscrvksY;k jkuklkscrvksY;k jkuklkscr

lkyHkj ej.kkph r;kjh dsyhlkyHkj ej.kkph r;kjh dsyhlkyHkj ej.kkph r;kjh dsyhlkyHkj ej.kkph r;kjh dsyh

¼cfGoar i`- 38½

gh ej.kkph r;kjh QDr ckikphp ulrs rj rh izR;sd “ksrdÚ;kph vlrs- cki gs

“ksrdÚ;kps izkfrfuf/kd :i vkgs- ;k ej.kkP;k r;kjhykp rks uf”kc Eg.krks- Jhdkar ns”keq[k

;kaP;k ^cki* ;k izfresoj ,[kkn;k “kks/k fuca/k fyfgrk ;sbZy] vls dfork okprkauk tk.kor

jgkrs-

L=h izfrek % L=h izfrek % L=h izfrek % L=h izfrek % Jhdkar ns”keq[k gs L=hP;k tx.;kps fp=.k Lora=i.ks djrkr- d’kh

O;oLFksr iq:’k votM dkes djr vlyk rjh [ksM;krhy L=h iq:’kkP;k cjkscjhus Je djr

140



vlrs- rhP;k Jekyk osGsps ca/ku ulrs- v”kk d’Vdjh L=hP;k d’Vkfo’k;h ^jku ok<r tkrs*

;k dforsr doh Eg.krkr]

jku ok<r tkrsjku ok<r tkrsjku ok<r tkrsjku ok<r tkrs

ek; [kaxr tkrsek; [kaxr tkrsek; [kaxr tkrsek; [kaxr tkrs

MksbZoj Maxj vkHkkGMksbZoj Maxj vkHkkGMksbZoj Maxj vkHkkGMksbZoj Maxj vkHkkG

dkBh Vsdr FkjFkjrsdkBh Vsdr FkjFkjrsdkBh Vsdr FkjFkjrsdkBh Vsdr FkjFkjrs

¼cfGoar i`- 51½

lalkjkpk xkMk vks<rkauk rh udGrp vkrwu iks[kjrs- xzkeh.k dforsrhy L=h loZ nq%[k

foljrs vkf.k “ksrh ekrhr vkiy eu jeors- R;kauh ^jkaMi.k* g;k dforsr fo/kok L=hP;k

nq%[kkps o.kZu dsys vkgs-

ckbZ]ckbZ]ckbZ]ckbZ]

rq>a vla Ogk;yk udks gksrarq>a vla Ogk;yk udks gksrarq>a vla Ogk;yk udks gksrarq>a vla Ogk;yk udks gksra

/kqrY;k ekrhlkj[kk/kqrY;k ekrhlkj[kk/kqrY;k ekrhlkj[kk/kqrY;k ekrhlkj[kk

rq>k dqadokpk fVGkrq>k dqadokpk fVGkrq>k dqadokpk fVGkrq>k dqadokpk fVGk

dkgh let.;kP;k vkrp oS/kO; vkydkgh let.;kP;k vkrp oS/kO; vkydkgh let.;kP;k vkrp oS/kO; vkydkgh let.;kP;k vkrp oS/kO; vkyaaaa

vkf.k] vkf.k] vkf.k] vkf.k]

rw lkaxr clk;phlrw lkaxr clk;phlrw lkaxr clk;phlrw lkaxr clk;phl

mUgkG;krY;k jk=hykmUgkG;krY;k jk=hykmUgkG;krY;k jk=hykmUgkG;krY;k jk=hyk

ifgyh jk=ifgyh jk=ifgyh jk=ifgyh jk=

u ikgrkp ekrh /kqÅu xsyhu ikgrkp ekrh /kqÅu xsyhu ikgrkp ekrh /kqÅu xsyhu ikgrkp ekrh /kqÅu xsyh

rqyk jMwgh vkyrqyk jMwgh vkyrqyk jMwgh vkyrqyk jMwgh vkyaaaa ukgh ukgh ukgh ukgh

rw u jMrk u [kaxrkrw u jMrk u [kaxrkrw u jMrk u [kaxrkrw u jMrk u [kaxrk

pkSQsj tkR;koj nGr clyhlpkSQsj tkR;koj nGr clyhlpkSQsj tkR;koj nGr clyhlpkSQsj tkR;koj nGr clyhl

v”kkrgh rw nk[koyk vlatli.kkv”kkrgh rw nk[koyk vlatli.kkv”kkrgh rw nk[koyk vlatli.kkv”kkrgh rw nk[koyk vlatli.kk

vkiY;k okV;kyk vkysys Hkksx Hkksxkos ykxrhyvkiY;k okV;kyk vkysys Hkksx Hkksxkos ykxrhyvkiY;k okV;kyk vkysys Hkksx Hkksxkos ykxrhyvkiY;k okV;kyk vkysys Hkksx Hkksxkos ykxrhy

vlk laeatli.kk rw nk[koyklvlk laeatli.kk rw nk[koyklvlk laeatli.kk rw nk[koyklvlk laeatli.kk rw nk[koykl

¼cfGoar i`- 42½

fo/kok L=hP;k nq%[kkp nh?kZ dFkk dkO; dohus ekaMysy vk<Grs- ;kp izdkjps ,[kkn;k

nh?kZdFksyk “kksHkkos v”kk fo’k;koj R;kaph dfork lokZauk ¼okpdkauk½ xqarowu Bsors-

[ksM;krY;k ,[kkn;k L=hP;k uojk ckjhr gjoyk vkgs- fdR;sd o’ksZ rks ftoar vkgs

vls letwu rh R;kph okVi ikgr dikGkyk lkSHkkX; y{k.k Eg.kwu dqadw ykors- [kwi o’ksZ




141


tkrkr ijarw uojk lkiMr ukgh- Eg.kwu xkokrhy yksd R;k L=hp dqadw iqlwu Vkdrkr vkf.k

jk=hyk Hktu fdrZu djrkr- ^lkfo=h* ;k dforsr v”kkp ,dk d’Vdjh L=hpa o.kZu vkysy

vkgs]

QqVkoh ik.;kua Hkjysyh ekrhph ?kkxjQqVkoh ik.;kua Hkjysyh ekrhph ?kkxjQqVkoh ik.;kua Hkjysyh ekrhph ?kkxjQqVkoh ik.;kua Hkjysyh ekrhph ?kkxj

r”kh jMyh lkfo=h lkatosGh vax.kkrr”kh jMyh lkfo=h lkatosGh vax.kkrr”kh jMyh lkfo=h lkatosGh vax.kkrr”kh jMyh lkfo=h lkatosGh vax.kkr

uarj oktr jkfgys jk=Hkj VkGe`nuarj oktr jkfgys jk=Hkj VkGe`nuarj oktr jkfgys jk=Hkj VkGe`nuarj oktr jkfgys jk=Hkj VkGe`nwaxkps xfgojwaxkps xfgojwaxkps xfgojwaxkps xfgoj

panzHkkxsP;k ik.;kr VkaxysY;k ,dkdh ukos lkj[kspanzHkkxsP;k ik.;kr VkaxysY;k ,dkdh ukos lkj[kspanzHkkxsP;k ik.;kr VkaxysY;k ,dkdh ukos lkj[kspanzHkkxsP;k ik.;kr VkaxysY;k ,dkdh ukos lkj[ks


ledkyhufLFkrhpk fopkj djrkauk ^L=h euk*fo’k;hps dohps Hkk’; eukyk fHkMrs-

ygkui.kkiklwu xkokP;k vaxk[kkan;koj ok<ysyh l[kwpa dGrh >kY;kcjkscj îjD;kp /ku

ijD;kyk y[kykHk* vla Eg.kwu yXu ykowu fnya- frP;k uf”kch ,p-vk;-Ogh- xzLr uojk]

R;krwu vkysya oS/kO;] R;kp ifjfLFkrhr ek?kkjh vkysY;k] ckikyk /khj ns.kkÚ;k eqyhp o.kZu

^vkacV okjk* ;k dforsr vkysya vkgs-

vkyk /kkor ,pvkyk /kkor ,pvkyk /kkor ,pvkyk /kkor ,p----vk;vk;vk;vk;----OghOghOghOgh---- pk Vªd pk Vªd pk Vªd pk Vªd

frP;k udGr fryk doVkGrfrP;k udGr fryk doVkGrfrP;k udGr fryk doVkGrfrP;k udGr fryk doVkGr

xHkkZryk dksoGk vadwjghxHkkZryk dksoGk vadwjghxHkkZryk dksoGk vadwjghxHkkZryk dksoGk vadwjgh

[kqMyk u[kkua tkxP;k tkxh[kqMyk u[kkua tkxP;k tkxh[kqMyk u[kkua tkxP;k tkxh[kqMyk u[kkua tkxP;k tkxh

ika<Ú;k dikGkua iqUgk frP;klkBhika<Ú;k dikGkua iqUgk frP;klkBhika<Ú;k dikGkua iqUgk frP;klkBhika<Ú;k dikGkua iqUgk frP;klkBh

rksp xko] R;kp xYY;k] rksp panzrksp xko] R;kp xYY;k] rksp panzrksp xko] R;kp xYY;k] rksp panzrksp xko] R;kp xYY;k] rksp panz

nq%[kkyk doVkGwu ckikyk /khj ns.kkjhnq%[kkyk doVkGwu ckikyk /khj ns.kkjhnq%[kkyk doVkGwu ckikyk /khj ns.kkjhnq%[kkyk doVkGwu ckikyk /khj ns.kkjh

?kjHk:u xkoHkj fQj.kkjh l[kw?kjHk:u xkoHkj fQj.kkjh l[kw?kjHk:u xkoHkj fQj.kkjh l[kw?kjHk:u xkoHkj fQj.kkjh l[kw----

¼cksykos rs vkEgh i`- 74½

Jhdkar lkgscjko ns”keq[kkaph dfork d’kh okLrokps nLr,sothdj.k dj.kkjh dfork

vkgs- frps fo”o rqdksckaiklwu rj vk/kqfud dforsi;Zar vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs- lkfgR;

vdknehyk ;k dohph uksan ?;koh ykxyh- dkj.k gh dfork cnyR;k xzkelaLdrhph]

cnyysY;k xkoxkM;kph dfork vkgs- ikjaifjd jpukca/kkpk vkf.k R;kp osGh vk/kqfud

eqDrNankpk okij djhr dohus ledkykpk vkys[k ekaMyk vkgs- cGhoar iklwu cksykos rs

vkEgh i;Zar d`’khtu laLdrhps fp=.k dj.kkjh Jhdkar ns”keq[kkaph dfork ledkyhu okLrokph

dfork vkgs-

142




1- dstdj ns”kikaMs izdk”k] ^ledkyhu ejkBh dfork % ,d fujh{k.k* Lo:i izdk”ku

vkSjaxkckn] izFke vkoRrh 2013] i`- 5

2- iokj iaMhrjko] êjkBh dfork vkdyu vkf.k vkLOkkn* % nkLrkus jkepanz vkf.k daiuh]

iq.ks] 2005] i`- 269-

3- ;kno vkuan] ^xzkeh.krk lkfgR; vkf.k okLro*] esgrk ifCyf”kax gkÅl] iq.ks] izFke vkoRrh

1981] i`- 32-

4- ns”keq[k Jhdkar] ^cfGoar*] “kCnky; izdk”ku] Jhjkeiwj] izFke vkoRrh] 1997] frljh

vko`Rrh 2006-

5- ns”keq[k Jhdkar] ^vk’kk< ekrh* “kCnky; izdk”ku] Jhjkeiwj] ifgyh vko`Rrh 2003] nqljh

vko`Rrh 2006-

6- ns”keq[k Jhdkar] ^cksykos rs vkEgh*] xzaFkkyh izdk”ku eqacbZ] ifgyh vko`Rrh 2013-




143


ejkBh dkO;krhy i;kZoj.kh; laosnukejkBh dkO;krhy i;kZoj.kh; laosnukejkBh dkO;krhy i;kZoj.kh; laosnukejkBh dkO;krhy i;kZoj.kh; laosnuk

izkizkizkizk---- f’kans vkjf’kans vkjf’kans vkjf’kans vkj---- MhMhMhMh----

ejkBh foHkkx izeq[kejkBh foHkkx izeq[kejkBh foHkkx izeq[kejkBh foHkkx izeq[k] ] ] ] deZohj deZohj deZohj deZohj x.kir nknk eksjsx.kir nknk eksjsx.kir nknk eksjsx.kir nknk eksjs

dyk dyk dyk dyk ]]]]okf.kT; o foKku egkfo|ky;]okf.kT; o foKku egkfo|ky;]okf.kT; o foKku egkfo|ky;]okf.kT; o foKku egkfo|ky;] fuQkMfuQkMfuQkMfuQkM

lkjka'k lkjka'k lkjka'k lkjka'k %%%%

lkfgR; gk lekt eukpk vkjlk vkgs-ts lektkr ?kMr vkgs rs lkfgR;kr

ekaM.;kpk iz;Ru ejkBh ys[kd djhr vlrkr-ejkBh ys[kdkauh vkiyh lkekftd tk.kho

vkf.k tckcnkjhapk fopkj djhr]lektkrhy osxosxG;k leL;kapk os/k ?ksr lkfgR;krwu

lektkyk ;ksX; fn'kk nk[kfo.;kpk iz;Ru djhr vlrkr-tkxfrdhdj.k vkf.k vkS|ksfxd

fodklkeqGs i;kZoj.kkpk Úgkl >kyk- ifj.kkeh _rwpØkr cny gksr] R;kps ifj.kke

i;kZoj.k] 'ksrh O;olk;]i'kwi{kh vkf.k ekuoh thoukoj gksr vlY;kps dohyk tk.kow

ykxys- ekuokph cnyrh thou'kSyh] i;kZoj.kkpk Úgkl vkf.k ok<rs iznw"k.k ;k lokZaeqGs

uSlfxZd vkiŸkh fuekZ.k gksr] ekuokleksj vusd leL;k fuekZ.k gksr vkgsr- ;k loZ

leL;kaiklwu ekuokyk] i;kZoj.kkyk okpok;ps vlsy rj ok<rs iznw"k.k jks[khr]

i;kZoj.kkps j{k.k dj.ks xjtsps vkgs-vls ejkBh dohauh lwpfoysys vkgs-

izLrkouk %izLrkouk %izLrkouk %izLrkouk %

ekuoh thoukr fulxkZps egŸokps LFkku vkgs- i;kZoj.kkP;k vk/kkjkoj ekuoh

fodkl gksr vlY;kps] lkrR;kus vki.kkleksj fnlwu vkysyss vkgs- izkphu dkGkrhy

lk/kwlar vkf.k fopkjoarkauh i;kZoj.kkps j{k.k dj.;kpk lans'k fnysyk vkgs- ekuoh

vkfLrRoklkBh vkf.k tx.;klkBh vusd ekSY;oku laiŸkhph ns.kxh ekuokyk fulxkZrwup

feGr vkgs- R;keqGs le) i;kZoj.k gs ekuoklkBh eksBh Øh;k'khy iz;ksx'kkGk vkgs-

i;kZoj.kkrhy iFoh]vi]rst] ty] ok;w ;k iaprRokoj ekuoh thoukps vfLrRo vkgs-

iajrq ekuokus iz;ksx’kkGsrhy ekSY;oku laiŸkhpk lkrR;kus okij dsY;kus fulxkZpk lerksy

<lGyk- izkphu dkGkiklwu ekuo vkf.k fulxkZpk toGpk lglaca/k vkgs- i;kZoj.k]

ltho vkf.k ouLkaink ;kaP;k lglaca/kkcíy izk-jk-x tk/ko Eg.krkr ^Îk’kwi{kh] ouLirh]

—fedhVdknh lw{e rlsp LFkwy ltho bR;knhapk vkf.k R;kapk vf/kokl T;k uSlfxZd

Ik;kZoj.kkr vlrks- R;k Ik;kZoj.kkpk laca/k vusd izdkjkpk vlrks** 1- dkGkP;k vks?kkr

f'k{k.k] ;a=;qx vkf.k uouohu ra=KkukP;k enrhus ekukos fodkl dsyk- i.k gk fodkl

144



djhr vlrkuk ekuokus] i;kZoj.kkpk eksBk fouk'k dsyk- ekuokP;k LokFkhZi.kkeqGs

Ik;kZoj.kkpk fouk’k >kyk- iq<hy dkGkr i;kZoj.kh; leL;kaeqGs _rwpØkr vusd cny

>kys-cnykacjkscj vusd izdjkP;k vkiŸkhpk ekuokyk lkeuk djkok ykxyk- ;k lanHkkZr

ejkBh lkfgR;krhy laosnu'khy dohauh vkiY;k dkO;krwu i;kZoj.kh; laosnuk O;Dr

dsysY;k vkgsr- ;k laosnukapk fopkj vki.k ;sFks dj.kkj vkgksr-

la’kks/ku i/nrh la’kks/ku i/nrh la’kks/ku i/nrh la’kks/ku i/nrh % % % %

êjkBh dkO;krhy i;kZoj.kh; laosnuk* ‘kks/kfuca/kklkBh lekt’kkL=h; ] ekul’kkL=h;

vkf.k fo’ys”k.kkRed i/nrhpk voyac dsyk vkgs-

la’kks/kukph xghrs % la’kks/kukph xghrs % la’kks/kukph xghrs % la’kks/kukph xghrs %

1½ ejkBh dohauh dkO;kP;k ek/;ekrwu _rwpØkaP;k ifj.kkekapk os/k ?ks.ks

2½ ekuokus fulxkZph ywV dsY;kps ifj.kke i;kZoj.k vkf.k ltho thoukoj >kys

vkgsr- ;kpk 'kks/k ?ks.ks

3½ ejkBh dohauh _rwpØkaPks ifj.kke o R;keqGs fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k laosnuk O;Dr

dsysY;k vkgsr-R;akpk 'kks/k ?ks.ks

4½ _rwpØkaP;k ifj.kkecíy ‘kkldh; ikrGhojhy mik; ;kstusr ifj.kkedkjdrk

fnlwu ;sr ukgh-

5½ ejkBh lkfgR;kr ltho l”VhlkBh ik.kh gk ?kVd egRokpk vkgs-gs nk[kowu fnys

vkgs-

6½ Ik;kZoj.k j{k.k djkos gh ejkBh ys[kdkaph Hkkouk vkgs-

1111½½½½ cnyRks _cnyRks _cnyRks _cnyRks _rwprwprwprwpØ% Ø% Ø% Ø% ‘ksrh{ks=kojhy ‘ksrh{ks=kojhy ‘ksrh{ks=kojhy ‘ksrh{ks=kojhy laosnuklaosnuklaosnuklaosnuk

fodlu'khy euokus vkS|ksfxd fodkl /kksj.kkapk Lohdkj djhr fofo/k izdYikaph

mHkkj.kh dsyh- ijarq v'kh mHkkj.kh djhr vlrkuk ]LokFkhZ ekuokus i;kZoj.kkpk fouk'k

dj.;kl izkjaHk dsyk- i;kZoj.kkrhy lk/kulaiŸkhph eksBh ywV djhr i;kZoj.kkpk lerksy

mn~/oLr dsyk- ekuokus taxyrksM dsyh djhr Ik;kZoj.kkpk fouk’k dsY;kus osxosxG;k

leL;kapk ekuokyk lkeuk djkok ykxyk-;kps o.kZu djrkuk doh foykl ojs

^‘ksrdGk* ;k [kaMdkO;krwu djrkuk fyfgrkr----

îMs ikÅl vosGh] Ekgkiwj vodkGh]

EkkÖ;k fidkpkp R;kus] vkrk ?ksryk js cGh *2

ekuokP;k vkS|ksfxd fodklkP;k ukok[kkyh ?ksrysY;k /kksj.kkRed] fu.kZ;keqGs vkf.k

i;kZoj.kkpk fouk'k dsY;keqGs _rwpØkr vfuf'prkr vkf.k vfu;ferrk fuekZ.k >kyh-




145


vksyk o dksjMk nq”dkG iMY;kus ‘ksrdÚ;kapk vkf.k ‘ksrhpk cGh ?ksrY;kph Hkkouk doh

;sFks O;Dr djrkr- doh foykl ojs ;kaP;k dforsrhy fulxZ vkf.k 'ksrh ;kaP;k lglaca/k

vkf.k ifj.kkekacíy leh{kd vkuan ;kno Eg.krkr ^^lxGh ‘ksrhp cscjo’kkph]

fulxkZP;k ygjhoj] ikolkP;k ik.;koj iksl.kkjh vlY;keqGs dkGkP;k vks?kkr ‘ksrdjh

dlk jlkrGkyk tkrks] gs R;kauh izHkkohi.ks nk[kowu fnys vkgs-**3333 vkS|ksfxd fodkl

izdYikaP;k ifj.kkekaeqGs i;kZoj.kkpk lerksy <Gyk -_rwpØkph xrh vkf.k fLFkrh

cnyyh- 'ksrkrhy ihdklkBh ikolkP;k ik.;kps Lokxr djrkuk doh izdk’k fduxkodj

^xkokP;k vkdkHkksorh * ;k dfork laxzgkr fyfgrkr

^ tksjnkj ikolkus >ksMiwu dk<Y;koj]

cRFkM >kysY;k tfeuhpk

iksiMk mpdowu ckgsj eku dk<rks]

poGhpk dksac* 4444

‘ksrtfeuhlkBh pkaxY;k ikolkps Lokxr djrkauk doh fnlrkr - ejkBh lkfgR;kr

‘ksrtfeuhps egŸo Li”V djrkuk doh ukenso <lkG Eg.krkr ^^ ik.;kus Hkjysyh

cknyh mpyrkauk tfeuhpk laca/k ;srks-rlk dfork fyfgrkauk lq)k laca/k ;srks-** 5

ekrhP;k lq[knq%[kkph O;Fkk osnukaph ejkBh dohauh n[ky ?ksryh vkgs - gsp ojhy

dkO;krwu Li"V fnlr vkgs-

2222½½½½ cnyRks _cnyRks _cnyRks _cnyRks _rwprwprwprwpØ % Ø % Ø % Ø % izk.kh ;kaP;kojhy ifj.kke % izk.kh ;kaP;kojhy ifj.kke % izk.kh ;kaP;kojhy ifj.kke % izk.kh ;kaP;kojhy ifj.kke %

nq”dkGkeqGs tukojkalkBh pkjk ]ik.kh ukgh -v'kk ifjLFkrhr mik'kh

vl.kkÚ;k tukojkaP;k laosnukaps fp=.k djrkuk doh xksfoan ikVhy ^xkodhrZu* ;k

dfork laxzgkr djrkuk fyfgrkr-

^^ ukgh ukgh ukaxj :e.k

dtkZGwu xsys ukMk&nksj& ckSys ** 6

_rwpØkP;k ifj.kkekaeqGs ‘ksrdÚ;klg R;kP;k ‘ksrhph vkf.k ‘ksrhph voLFkk fcdV

>kkysyh vkgs-gs xksfoan ikVhy ;kauh nk[kowu fnysys vkgs-

3½3½3½3½ cnyR cnyR cnyR cnyRks _ks _ks _ks _rwprwprwprwpØ %Ø %Ø %Ø % lekt thoukojhy lekt thoukojhy lekt thoukojhy lekt thoukojhy gks.kkjs gks.kkjs gks.kkjs gks.kkjs ifj.kke %ifj.kke %ifj.kke %ifj.kke %

146



nq”dkGkpk lkeuk dj.;klkBh lektktoG la;e egŸokpk vkgs- jkT;dR;kZauh vkf.k

HkkaMoynkjkauh LoRk%P;k LokFkkZlkBh Ik;kZoj.kkps ‘kks”k.k djhr i;kZoj.kkpk lekrksy

mn~/oLr dsyk - ifj.kke nq”dkGkeqGs vUu/kkU;kPkh derjrk fuekZ.k >kyh - v’kk

izlaxh lektkus ljdkj fojks/kkr osxosxGh vanksyus dsyh- v'kk vkanksyu lanHkkZr

leh{kd izk-egs’k [kjkr Eg.krkr ^^ nw/k vkanksyu ]ik.kh vanksyu ]’kksys vanksyu ]dkank

vanksyu nzk{k vanksyu b-vanksyus ‘ksrhthouk’kh lanHkZ vlysY;k tx.;kps ewY; dkgh

izek.kr v/kksjsf[kr djrkauk fnlr vkgs- ---------** 7 'ksrh vkf.k i;kZoj.k gs 'ksrdÚ;kpk

tx.;kpk vkf.k thoukpk egŸokpk Hkkx vkgs- ok<rh egkxkbZ 'ksrekyk u feG.kkjk

gehHkko o mnklhu ljdkj ;keqGs 'ksrdjh jlkrGkyk xsyk vkgs-v'kk ifjfLFkrheqGs

'ksrdÚ;kaP;k thoukr fuekZ.k gks.kkjh 'kksdkafrdk O;Dr djrkuk ^ xkodhrZu * ;k

dforklaxzkgkr doh xksfoan ikVhy fyfgrkr

^^ rqeP;k vkeP;k Lokra™;kpk fg’kksc rlk lksik vkgs---

R;kaP;klkBh caxyk vkeP;k Ukf’kckr [kksik vkgs ----

nq”dkGkP;k xkokojrh d/kh Mx xtZr ;srkr

?kls dksjMs d:u dks.kh egkxkbZyk f’kO;k nsrkr

vkEgh HkksGs fo’okl Vkdwu ikolkph okV c?krks ** 8

nq”dkGkrwu okpfo.;klkBh ik.kh gk ‘ksrdÚ;kaps lokZar egŸokps mŸkj vkgs-i.k ljdkjps

ik.kh ;k iz’ukadMs nqyZ{k vkgs

cnyR;k Ik;kZoj.kh; ifj.kkekus ‘ksrdjh vkMp.khr ;sr vkgs - nq”dkGkr

‘ksrhlkBh ‘ksrdÚ;kauk ik.kh pksjh djkoh ykxrs ]gs egkjk”Vªklkj[;k izxrf’ky jkT;kr

;ksX; ukgh- ;k lanHkkZr MkW-fxj/kj ikVhy Eg.krkr -^^ ik.khpksj Bjor lqekjs 250

‘ksrdÚ;koaj xqUgs nk[ky dsys xsY;kus ukf’kd ftYgkr la?k”kkZph fB.kxh IkMyh vkgs-

‘ksrdÚ;kauk vkjksihP;k fiatÚ;kr mHks dj.;kr vkt ljdkj ;’kLoh >kY;kps fnlr

vlys] rjh ;kekxps okLro igkrk ;k ‘ksrdÚ;kauhp ljdkjoj Qlo.kqdhps nkos nk[ky

djk;yk gos gksrs ** 9 ljdkjh /;s; /kksj.kk'kh lkeuk dj.kkjk] ‘ksrdjh nq”dkGkr UkO;k

mesnhus mn;kP;k lq[kklkBh v'kksus igkr vlrks- uSlfxZd vkiŸkhr dkgh LokFkhZ ekuokus

vkiyk LokFkZ fVdowu Bsor vlrkr- R;kaP;k eukr ek.kqldh fuekZ.k gksr ukgh-

nq"dkGtU; ifjfLFkhr lektkyk yqV.;kpk iz;Ru djhr vlrkr -'kklukdMwu enr

feGfo.;klkBh vusdt.k iz;Ru djhr vlrkr-i.k ;kp iz;Rukr izFke Lor%pk LokFkZ




147


izFke igkr vlrkr-gsp fp= vusd fBdk.kh fnlr vkgs- nq”dkGkeqGs vkfFkZd leL;sP;k

foG[ksr vMdysY;k ‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k osnuk ekaMrkuk doh xksfoan ikVhy Eg.krkr-

^^ dtkZP;k vkbZyk O;ktkus ?kkVys ]

cktkjh yqVys Hkjfnolk eqíykph xksM

irhpkgh dkG ?kkekpk nq”dkG ** 10

nq”dkGxzLr Hkkxkrhy 'ksrdjh iksVklkBh ckgsjxkoh fQjrkuk R;kaph ?kjs vkf.k

f’kokj]m/oLr gksrkr - i;kZoj.kkrhy >kMs ik.;kokpwu tGwu tkrkr - T;k Hkkxkr

‘ksrhlkBh ik.kh vkgs - rsFkhy ‘ksrh O;olk; lq[kn vkgs - le) ihdkaeqGs R;kp

fBdk.kh uksVkapk ikÅl iMrks - brjkauk ek= ikolkoj vkiys uf’kc BsÅu txkos ykxrs-

'ksrdÚ;kauk vkf.k loZlkeU; ek.klkauk lrko.kkÚ;k ik.kh iz’ukP;k O;kidrsckcr izk-n-

rk- Hkkslys Eg.krkr ^^ lkÚ;k pjkpj l”Vhyk ]izk.khek=kyk O;kiwu mrj.kkjk vkf.k

vkiY;k vfLrRokykp vkOgku ns.kkjk ik.;kpk iz’u ] vkrk ,dk [ksM;kpk jkfgyk ukgh

-,dk izns’kkpk vFkok jk”Vªkpkgh jkfgyk ukgh-rks vkrk tkxfrd iz’u cuyk vkgs-** 11 11 11 11

ik.;kpk iz’u lksMfo.;klkBh fulxZ okpyk ikfgts gsp vkrk egŸokps vkgs- ik.;kP;k

vHkkokeqGs lektkr xjhc Jhearh njh mHkh jkgrs -;k nq”dkGxzLr ifjfLFkrhy

lektthoukps fp=.k djkrkuk doh xksfoan ikVhy Eg.krkr

^^ vkrk [ksM;kaps okLro ]MksGs m?kMwu c?kk ----------

xYyhxYyhrwu fQ:u fnls frFks dk; cjs

map nksu ?kjs -ckdh ‘kwU; --** 12

fdaok

^^ dqBs NIij okdys ]dqBs pkSdVh eksMY;k ---** 13

nq”dkGkus lektkr eksBk cny >kyk -xjhc vkf.k JhearhPkh njh fuekZ.k dsYkh -

nq"dkGkeqGs ek.klklg ek.kqldh e:u xsyh - ;k nq”dkGxzLr ifjfLFkrhrhy la?k”kZe;

lektfLFkrhps doh xksfoan ikVhy ;kauh dsysys fp=.k igk-

^îwohZ [ksMs lkjs ,d ] l.k mRlo gksrs

[ksMs jxrkr Ugkrs ]jkst vkrk ** 14

nq"dkGtU; ifjfLFkrheqGs xjhc Jhear njh fuekZ.k >kyh- ek.klkaph ukrh iS'kkoj

tksMyh tkow ykxyh-ifj.kkeh ,desdkaP;kdMs c?k.;kpk ]okx.;kpk n"Vhdksu iw.kZi.ks

cnysyk vkgs-gsp ojhy dkO;iaDrho:u fnlwu ;srs -

148



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ejkBh ys[kdkauh cnyRks _rwpØ vkf.k R;kaP;k ifj.kkekapk os/k ?ksrkuk] lektthou]

i;kZoj.k vkf.k i'kwi{kh ;kaP;koj gks.kkjs ifj.kke fp=hr dsysys vkgs- ekuo vkf.k brj

tho gs fulxkZoj vkf.k fulxkZrhy fofo/k ?kVdkaP;k vk/kkjs vkiys thou txr

vlrkr -;kph tk.kho d:u fnyh- ekuokus vkS|ksfxd fodkl izdYikaP;k ek/;ekrwu

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fouk'k >kY;keqGs _rwpØkr cny >kys- ifj.kkeh ik.;kvHkkoh 'ksrh {ks= mn~/oLr >kys-

vusd la?kVuk ‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k iz’ukalkBh la?k”kZ djhr vkgsr- ;k vkanksyukr dkgh nks”k

vkgsr ] i.k doh R;kauk fouarh djrks dh ^vkanksyukps gs nks”k] vkrk bFks lkjs lksMk]

ijh ‘ksrhlkBh ik.kh gkph ‘ksoVpk y<k* ikÅl deh iMw ykxyk] ’ksrdÚ;kP;k 'ksrhps

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ejkBh lkfgfR;d O;Dr djhr ‘ksrdjh jktk okpyk ikfgts- vls fopkj O;Dr djrkr-

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ekuokps ]i;kZoj.kkps vkf.k 'ksrhps dY;k.k dj.kkjk 'ksrdjh txyk ikfgts vlsp er

;sFks uksanokosls okVr vkgs-

5½5½5½5½ fufufufu""""d”kZ d”kZ d”kZ d”kZ

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ekaM.kh dsyh-

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fnyk vkgs-

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dsY;kl Hkfo”;krhy leL;k nwj gksrhy vlk fo’okl okVrks-

lekjksi % lekjksi % lekjksi % lekjksi %

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149


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vkgs-** 15 ;kpk vkEgk ejkBh vH;kldkauk vfHkeku vkgs-

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izFke vkoŸkh 24 vkWxLV 1996 i"B Ø 11

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150



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ÁkÁkÁkÁk---- M‚M‚M‚M‚---- lqjs'k fouk;d tk/ko] lqjs'k fouk;d tk/ko] lqjs'k fouk;d tk/ko] lqjs'k fouk;d tk/ko]

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vlrs dk] dforsrhy oSpkfjdrspk dkO;ewY;ka'kh laca/k vlr¨ dk ;k x¨"VÈpk iMrkGk Äs.ks

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151


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cuor tx nü foÒkxkr foÒkxyk xsyk vkgs- ,d ekyd vkf.k nqljk xzkgd] ewBÒj

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f'k{k.kkeqGs fo|kF;k±ph fpfdRld cq)h ok<sy] fopkj'käh fuekZ.k g¨Ãy R;k dyk o lkekftd

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152



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oSpkfjd ÇiMp ÄMr xsyk- gk oSpkfjd ÇiMp R;kaP;k dforsP;k vxzÒkxh vkgs-** ^fi<hisLrj

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vkgs- ÁR;sd foÒkxkrwu ,d osxGk fopkj Álr g¨rkuk fnlr¨- >Mrh ,d ckÃi.kkP;k ekrhph

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jkc.ksgh O;oLFksP;k jxkMÓkkr vFkZghu gWu tkr vkgs] gsgh R;kaP;k y{kkr vkysys vkgs- Eg.kwup

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dfork g¨rs-

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mérhP;k fopkjkauh Òk#u xsysys vkgs- ;k dforsrY;k fopkjkauk ÒkoukRedrsps vkoj.k vkgs- gs

vkoj.k xzkeh.k okLrokrY;k oSfo/;kus uVysys vkgs- oj oj r¨ d#.kspk Loj okVr vlyk rjh




153


R;k [kkyh fopkjkapk B¨li.kk tk.kor¨- ;k lanÒkZr jktu xol vkiys er u anorkuk

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laLÑrhP;k ijaijsph uoh ekaM.kh dj.kkjh gh dfork vkgs- ^vk"kk<ekrh*us vkiys lkaLÑfrd

lafpr ekaMrkuk R;kiq<ps ikÅy Vkdys vkgs-

Ádk'k fduxkodjkaph dfork xzkeh.k thoukrhy O;Fkk&osnuk&nq%[ks ;kaph vusdfo/k :is

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xzkeh.k i;kZoj.kkrhy misf{kr] nqyZf{kr ÄVdkauk Ádk'kkr vk.k.kkjh Ádk'k fduxkodjkaph

dfork fopkjkapk Ádk'k Vkdrs- xzkeh.k fó;kapa nq ;eRo] y¨ddykdkjkaP;k vÁfr"Bsph dkj.ks]

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dforkae/;s fopkjkaph xqaroG vkgs- osxosxGs fopkj osxosxG~;k dforkae/kwu Álr g¨rkr-

lnkuan ns'keq[kkaph dfork ek= ,d fuf”pr fopkj ÄsÅu pkyrs vkgs- vk/kqfud dkGkrhy

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milyh tkrhy rsOgk

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^viuk jkt vk;sxk

dekusokyk [kk;sxk*P;k

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d¨.kR;k jLR;kua iGkoa

vkiY;k elkG nsgkpa /ku lkojr

;klkBh rj funku

,dnk Äjkckgscj ;sÅu

154



jLrs gs#u Bsok**

[ksMh vkf.k 'kgja ;krhy ok<rh vkÆFkd fo"kerk gh Økarhyk] laÄ"kkZyk [krik.kh Äkyrs

vkgs- ,d uk ,d fnol gk laÄ"kZ g¨.kkj vlY;kph lwpd tk.kho ;k dforsrwu O;ä g¨rs-

'ksrdÚ;kauk Økarhpk] laÄ"kkZpk fopkj ns.kkjh gh dfork vkgs-

,dukFk ikVykaP;k dforsr 'ksrdÚ;kafo"k;hpk lexz fopkj vkysyk ulyk rjh ÁR;sd

fopkjkauk Li'kZ dj.kkjh gh dfork vkgs- 'ksrdÚ;kaph nq%[k [kqaVÓkkoj dk Vkaxyh vkgsr\ dq.kh

Vkaxyh vkgsr\ ;kph dkj.kehekalk R;kaP;k dforsr vkysyh vkgsr- ;k dohpk dy dkghlk

MkO;k fopkjkdMs >qd.kkjk vkgs- ek= Lor%ph fopkjcq)h r¨ 'kkcwr Bsor vlY;kpk ÁR;;

êqGkr doh] f'kok; d‚ezsM* ;k dforsrwu vkysyk vkgs- 'ksrdÚ;kauk y<Y;kf'kok; i;kZ; ukgh

gk fopkj R;kaP;k dforsrwu ÁdVysyk vkgs-

^^vktferhyk vkEgkyk ckdh dkgh g¨rk vkya

ukgh rjh ekU; vkgs] i.k 'ksoVh vkEgh y<r

jkg.ks gh vkeph fula'k; xjt vkgs

R;k fu.kkZ;d y<kÃP;k vkEgh Áfr{ksr vkg¨r

T;k vk/kkjkus vkEgkyk feGork ;sÃy vkeps lRo

vkf.k 'ksoVh vkeP;k l¨cr vlsy vkEgh

ek.kwl vl.;kph fpjaru rkdn

th nsÃy laÄ"kkZps cG

rsOgk dqBs tx.;kykgh mjsy vFkZ

v'kk lŸokP;k vkEgh 'k¨/kkr vkg¨r**

vkiys y<r jkg.ks fdrh xjtsps vkgs lkaxrkuk doh Eg.kr¨ dh] vkEgh R;k fu.kkZ;d

y<ÓkkP;k Áfr{ksr vkg¨r] T;keqGs vkepa lŸo ijr ;sÃy- gh y<Ókkph Òk"kk] foæ¨gh

fopkj/kkjk ÄsÅu ÁdV g¨rs- ohj/koy ijc ;kaph dfork tkxfrdhdj.kkr vxfrd >kysY;k

ek.klkapk oSpkfjd x a/kG ÁdV djrs- R;kaph oSpkfjd ÄM.k d'kh g¨r xsyh gs Li"V djrkuk

rs euksxrkr Eg.krkr] ^êgkfo|ky;hu dkGkiklwu jk"Vª lsok ny] lkus xq#th dFkkekyk]

Nk=Òkjrh v'kk iqj¨xkeh ifjorZuoknh pGoGÈpk ifjp; >kyk- dk;ZdrkZ Eg.kwugh okojy¨-**

ek= ;k pGoGhrwu t¨ Hkzefujkl >kyk] e¨psZ vkanÿukrwu th fujk'kk tk.koyh r¨p vk'k;

ohj/koy ijc ;kaP;k dforsP;k d¢aæLFkkuh vkgs- R;kauh fopkjkais{kk okLro dk; vkgs R;kdMs

funsZ'k d¢ysyk vkgs- lektoknh –"VhP;k laosnu'khy doh eukyk ledkyhu lkekftd]

lkaLÑfrd] jktdh; O;oLFkk ewY;foghu >kY;kph tk.kho vokLro djrs] vki.k ;k O;oLFksr

ukyk;d] vleFkZ Bjy¨ gk vkReVhd¢pk fopkj ;krwu ÁdV >kysyk vkgs-




155


uOon¨Ÿkjh xzkeh.k dforsyk ,d osxGk fopkj fnysyk vkgs- xzkeh.k fó;kaP;k Òkx

/ks;krhy vrho d"V] osnuk] ewd vkØanu ;kauk okpk Q¨M.kkjk doh xzkeh.k óhoknkph ekaM.kh

d: ikgr¨;- rs d¢oG fó;kapa nq%[k ekaMwu Fkkacr ukgh rj R;kaP;k lo±d"k mérhpk fopkj

vkiY;k dforsrwu Qkj lwpdi.ks ekaMyk vkgs- ojoj R;kaph dfork Òkol©an;k±uh uVysyh okVr

vlyh rjh varjhpk mekGk fopkjkrwu vkysyk vkgs- R;kaP;k dforkauk fofo/k dax¨js vkgsr-

xzkeh.k fó;kacj¨cjp 'ksrdjh dlk ukxoyk xsyk\ xkokph iM>M dk >kyh\ ;k lanÒkZr doh

dkgh ,d oSpkfjd ekaM.kh d: ikgr¨;- dforsrwu dkgh ,d fopkj nsÅ ikgr¨;- v/;kRe]

f'k{k.kO;oLFkk] jktdh; O;oLFkk] ;krhy oGoG.kkÚ;k vkY;k >kM.;kps dke dforsus d¢ysys

vkgs-

^ûqdR;kp macjk vksykaM.kkÚ;k ck;dk]

terk;sr nkVhokVhus bFks&frFks

pkpiMr] 'k¨/kr Ádk'kkph okV**

;k ck;dk macjk vksykaMrk ;sr] Ádk'kkph okV pkpiMrk ;sr gk óh eqähpk fopkj ;k

dforsrwu O;ä g¨rk- y{e.k egkMhd vkf.k 'kf'kdkar Ç'kns ;kaP;k dfork fopkjkais{kk l©an;Z

tkf.kosyk vxzØe nsrkr- y{e.k egkMhdkauh 'ksrdÚ;kaP;k nq%[kkph xkFkk vkiY;k dforsrwu

okpyh vkgs rj 'kf'kdkar Ç'knsauh xzkeh.k fulxkZph vkf.k óhph fofo/k :is fViysyh vkgsr-

ckykth enu baxGsaph dfork tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k foj¨/kkr mÒh Vkdrs- tkxfrdhdj.kkr

vxfrd >kysY;k ^dq.kch ckik*ph nnZÒjh dgk.kh lkaxrs- R;k dgk.khph cSBd fopkjkauh ÄÍ

cka/kysyh vkgs- r¨ loZ doÈuk foæ¨gkpa gR;kj milwu dkekyk ykx.;kpa vkokgu djr¨-

lekjksi %

,dw.kp uOon¨Ÿkjh xzkeh.k dforsrhy fopkj rqdMÓkk rqdMÓkkae/;s fo[kqjysys vkgs-

lar¨"k iùkdj iokj] Jhdkar ns'keq[k] vt; dkaMj oxGrk dforsyk fuf”pr fopkjkaph cSBd

ukgh- fulxkZfo#)pk vkØ¨'k gk loZ doÈe/;s leku /kkxk vkgs- ek= vkiY;k dforsph

oSpkfjd ijaijk fl) dj.;kr ;k doÈuk vi;'k vkysya vkgs- rqdkjkekph foæ¨gh ijaijs'kh gh

dfork ukra lkaxr vlyh rjh usedk 'k=w gsjrk u vkY;kus] laHkzfer okLrokps vusd inj

vkdyu d{kkr u vkY;kus gh dfork d/kh y<Ókkph Òk"kk djrs] rj d/kh fuewVi.ks lgu

dj.;kpa rŸo lkaxrs- dkgÈuk vk/kqfud dkG gk laiw.kZi.ks Äkyk vkgs vlk okVr¨ rj dkgÈuk

iwoZ ijaijsrhy n¨"k nk[koys vkgsr- ek= lyx ,dk fopkjkauh cka/kysyh gh dfork ukgh vlsp

Eg.kkos ykxsy-

156



vk/kkjvk/kkjvk/kkjvk/kkjHkHkHkHkwr xzaFkwr xzaFkwr xzaFkwr xzaFk

ƒ½ iokj lar¨"k] ^Hkzfe"Vkapk tkfgjukek*] i‚I;qyj ifCyd¢'ku] eqacÃ] „ŒŒ9

„½ iokj lar¨"k] ^fi<hisLrj I;knsekr*] i‚I;qyj ifCyd¢'ku] eqacÃ] „Œƒ„

…½ ns'keq[k Jhdkar] ^cÿkos rs vkEgh*] xzaFkkyh ifCyd¢'ku] eqacÃ] „Œƒ…

†½ ns'keq[k lnkuan] ^xkodGk*] d‚fUVusaVy Ádk'ku] iq.ks] „Œƒ„




157


ledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy osnuk o fonzksgledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy osnuk o fonzksgledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy osnuk o fonzksgledkyhu xzkeh.k dforsrhy osnuk o fonzksg

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- fnyhi fnyhi fnyhi fnyhi ih ih ih ih---- iokjiokjiokjiokj

leUo;d o foHkkx izeq[k] ejkBh la'kks/ku dsanz] ds- Vh- ,p- ,e- dkWyst] ukf'kd

izkLrkfod%&izkLrkfod%&izkLrkfod%&izkLrkfod%&

ekuoh thou gs usgehp cny.kkjs vlrs- izR;sd dkGkP;k dks.kR;k uk dks.kR;k VI;akoj

vf/kd xMn ok fQdV Lo:ikr gs cny >kY;kps tk.korkr- ;kyk xzkeh.k thou o i;kZ;kus

xzkeh.k lkfgR; gs ns[khy viokn ukgh- Lokra«;iwoZ xzkeh.k thou] Lokra«;ksRrj xzkeh.k thou

rlsp] tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k Lohdkjkuarjps xzkeh.k thou] ledkyhu thou ;kr vkeqykxz

Lo:ikr cny >kysys fnlwu ;srkr- i;kZ;kus uOonuarjps xzkeh.k thou o g;k dkGkrhy —

"kh] jktdh;] lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd o vkfFkZd ikrGhoj [kkÅtk /kksj.kakpk Qkj eksBk izHkko

iMY;kps fnlwu ;srs- ;kps izfrfcac ejkBh xzkeh.k dforsr vFkkZr lkfgR;kr igk;yk feGrs- —

"khiz/kku vl.kk&;k Hkkjrh; 1990 uarj cny.kk&;k vFkZO;oLFksr o R;kP;k ifj.kkekus

lektO;oLFksr BGd cny >kyk- fo'ks"k d:u 'ksrh ul.kkjk oxZ izFke [ksMs lksMwu 'kgjkr

vkyk- R;kikBksikB 'kgjh fn[kkÅ laL—rhP;k eksgkr xzkeh.k uof'kf{kr r:.k vMdyk] —

"khRRokoj vk/kkfjr JeewY;kyk egRRo izkIr >kys] 'ksrhoj mnjfuokZg dj.ks] vLekuh lqyrkuh

ladVkeqGs vo?kM cuys- ek«k vFkZdsanzh vFkZO;oLFksr 'ksrhoj jkc.kk&;k dkLrdkjkP;k JekP;k

ewY;kyk] R;kP;k Je'kDrh] R;kus fidfoysY;k /kkU; fidkyk ;ksX; ekscnyk u feGkY;kus

xzkeh.k thou lSjHkSj >kys] ;klanHkkZr Þtkxfrdhdj.kkuarjps ejkBh lkfgR;Þ g;k laikfnr

iqLrdkrhy jDrcackG xzkeh.k orZeku ;k ys[kkr MkW-;'kiky fHkaxs vR;ar useD;k o usVD;k

'kCnkar xzkeh.k thoukps nq%[k.ka fo'kn djrkr-

;k loZ ik'oZHkwehoj ejkBh dfork dsoG fp«k.kkP;k iyhdMs vuqHkoka'kh izkekf.kd jkgwu

okLroklac/kh cz dk<rkuk] vkRe'kks/k ?ksrkuk fnlwu ;srs Eg.kwu ejkBh xzkeh.k dfork

vk'k;klg osnuk o fonzksg O;Dr djrkuk fnlwu ;srs- lnj ys[kkr ledkyhu xzkeh.k dohaP;k

dforsrhy osnuk o fonzksgklaca/kh ekaM.kh djrkuk ukf'kd ftYg;krhy BGd xzkeh.k dohaP;k

dforkapk lekos'k dsY;kps fnlwu ;srs- T;kr eq[;r%%%% izdk'k gksGdj] rqdkjke ?kkaMs] fo".kw Fkksjs]

lanhi txrki] ,s'o;Z ikVsdj] y{e.k egkfMd] v:.k baxGs] foykl ixkj] dSykl lykns

vknh dohaP;k dforkapk lekos'k dsyk vkgs-

158



izdk'k gksGdj %&izdk'k gksGdj %&izdk'k gksGdj %&izdk'k gksGdj %&

dfoo;Z izdk'k gs ejkBhrhy ,d lqizfln~/k ys[kd o doh vkgsr ukf'kd ftYg;krhy

yklyxkops rs jfgoklh vkgsr- ,d fp«kiV xhrdkj Eg.kwugh rs izfln~/k vkgsr] R;kaP;k dksjMs

u{k= laxzgkae/kwu 'ksrkpk Loj LIk"V Lo:ikr fnlwu ;srks-

ßvkyk fnl xsyk fnl

mUgkGk mUgkGk

eqdkV;kua lkslk;P;k

ej.kkP;k >Gk

ikBhiksVkyk cka/kwu

vkyh nq%[kkph ojkr

fdrh injkyk xkBh

lkjk va/kkj ?kjkr----Þ

¼ dksjMs u{k«k i`-dz-1½

1997 lkyh izdkf'kr >kysY;k g;k dforse/kwu lukru xzkeh.k Ñ"kh thoukpk la?k"kZ

Li"V dsyk vkgs- dksjM;k un;k] fofgjhph vkV.ks] tfeuhph vksy deh gks.ks- izlaxh ik[kjklg

ek.klkaps LFkykarj o nq"dkG ;kckch Li"V d:u 'ksrhr dl.kk&;kph vlkgk¸¸k osnuk rs

O;Dr djrkr- R;kaP;k laiw.kZ dforkp dkGtkrhy dklkohli.kk FksVi.ks ekaMRkkr R;keqGsp izHkk

x.kksjdj R;kaP;k dforscn~ny cksyrkuk Eg.krkr-

Þizdk'k gksGdj ;kaph dfork 'ksrd&;kP;k nq%[kk'kh tUe ukGsus cka/kysyh vkgs-

'ksrd&;kP;k thoukps nq%[ks vLlay Hkk"ksrwu rs O;Dr djrkrÞ

,dw.kp vls dks.kR;k nq%[kkps] fnl vkys ckbZ] vkrk fnolsafnol tx.ka fdrh dBh.k

gksr pkyya;] ;klg vusd dfork 'ksrh] 'ksrd&;kaph nq%[ks vknh ckch FksVi.ks osnusP;k

Lo:ikr ekaMrkuk fnlwu ;srkr- ek«k izdk'k gksGdj ;kaP;k dforsr xzkeh.k dforsrhy

vLLkayi.kk izR;;kyk ;sr vlyk rjh fonzksg ek«k fnlwu ;sr ukgh-

Yk{e.k egkfMdYk{e.k egkfMdYk{e.k egkfMdYk{e.k egkfMd%&%&%&%&

dfoo;Z y{e.k egkfMd gs fiaiGxko cloar ;sFkhy jfgok'kh gks;] R;kaP;k

^dq.kC;kph dfork^ gk dforklaxzg 'kCnky; izdk'kukrQsZ 2003 e/;s izdkf'kr >kyk- lnj

dfork laxzgkl uk-/kks- egkuksj ;kaph ikBjk[k.kij izLrkouk ykHkyh vkgs- g;k dforklaxzgke/;s

,dw.k62 dforkapk lekos'k fnlwu ;srks-




159


dq.kC;kP;k nq%[kkph

fyfgysyh xkFkk

ej.kkph O;Fkk

'kCnc/n

¼dq.kC;kph dfork i`-09½

gh dfork xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy dq.kcVkP;k vk;q";krhy QjiV tx.;kph o

dekyhP;k nq%[kkph O;Fkk ekaMrs- g;k laiw.kZ laxzgke/;s vk;q";kph dSfQ;r] >ky ikj[ka vkHkkG]

ekrh jMrs eukr ;klkj[;k dfork ¼xzkeh.k dforsrhy½ xzkeh.k thoukpa lukru nq%[k 'kCnc/n

Lo:ikr ekaMrs- y{e.k egkfMd ;kaP;k ,dw.k 62 dforkaiSdh mijksDr pkjlgk dfork xzkeh.k

thoukph osnuk O;Dr djrkr- egkfMdkaP;k ,dw.k laxzkgkrwu tkghj rdzkjh Qkj'kk vk<Gwu

;sr ukgh ok fonzksgkps dks.krsp ladsr dforsr fnlwu ;sr ukgh- nq%[k lgu'khyrk] lks'khdi.kk

;kps vusd lanHkZ R;kaP;k dforsrwu fnlwu ;srkr-

rqdkjkerqdkjkerqdkjkerqdkjke /kkaMs %& /kkaMs %& /kkaMs %& /kkaMs %&

rqdkjke /kkaMs gs vfydMP;k dkGkrhy ukf'kd ftYg;krhy bxriqjh rkyqD;krhy

lqizfl/n doh gks;- ôGho^ôGho^ôGho^ôGho^ gk R;kapk 2007 e/;s jktgal izdk'kukrQsZ izdkf'kr >kysyk

dkO;laxzg vkgs- /kkaMs ;kapk gk ifgyk dforklaxzg gks;- ;k laxzgkr ,dw.k 68 dfork izfl/n

>kysY;k vkgsr g;k laxzgkrwu vkfnoklh tkf.kok] xzkeh.k laosnu'khyrk fnlwu ;srs- ;k laxzgkr

rqdkjke /kkaMs nq"dkGkik;h xkokyk vkysys cdkyi.k fpf«kr djrkr- oGho lkj[;k dforsrwu

vkfnoklh fL«k;kaP;k HkkcMsi.kkpk] xfjchpk dqizo`Rrh vl.kkjs 'ksB lkodkj xSjQk;nk ?ksr vkys

;kcn~nyph ly vf/kd lwpdi.ks O;Dr djrkr- g;k dfork laxzgkrwu rqdkjke /kkaMs ;kauh

xzkeh.k Ñ"kh laLÑrh fo:/n vk/kqfud QW'ku] HkkaMoyh laLÑrh] ewY;s ;kapk fojks/kkHkklkRed

fp«k.k dsysyk fnlwu ;srks- ,dfolkO;k 'krdkrhy xzkeh.k r:.kkaP;k okx.;kcn~ny O;Fkk

,dfolkO;k 'krdkdMs ;k dforsrwu O;Dr dsyh vkgs- R;kaP;k oGho laxzgkrwu nq"dkGklaca/khph

osnuk O;Dr dsysyh fnlwu ;srs- ,dw.kp rqdkjke /kkaMs ;kaph dkO;kfHkO;Drh la;r'khy Lo:ikph

fnlwu ;srs] fulxkZP;k lerksy] nq"dkG ;klaca/kh osnuspk daxksjk gk BGdi.ks dforse/kwu fnlwu

;srks- ek«k fonzksg dqBsgh fnlwu ;sr ukgh-

160



lanhi txrki %& lanhi txrki %& lanhi txrki %& lanhi txrki %&

doh lanhi txrki gs ejkBhrhy ,d uoksfnr xzkeh.k doh Eg.kwu vksG[k vkgs- R;kapk

2009 lkyh HkqbZHkksxHkqbZHkksxHkqbZHkksxHkqbZHkksx gk dforklaxzg dhZrhZ izdk'kukus izfl/n vkgs- rlsp MkW-foB~By ok?k ;kaph

izLrkouk ykHkyh vkgs- g;k laxzgkr ,dw.k 57 dforkapk lekos'k vkgs- lanhi txrki gh

xzkeh.k dforsrhy ,d egRRokps uko vkgs rs g;klkBh dforsrwu vkrki;Zar xzkeh.k dforsr tks

LoPNanrkokn fnlwu ;srks- rks lanhi txrki ;kauh ukdkjyk- Þtxkyk txok;pa gk /keZ

Ñ"khdqGku ikGyk- ekrhr jkcwu fdR;sd fia<;kph ekrh >kyh- rjh iq<ph fi<h olk ?ksÅup

mxor xsyh- ckikua ihda pkaxya ;koa Eg.kwu okojkrya r.k dk<ya] i.k yckM ek.klkaP;k

eukrY;k r.kkua iks'kha|kykp ekrhr xkMya- cGhjktkyk gh Hkwy Qkj egkxkr iMyh-ß v'kk

r&gsus vR;ar okLrooknh Lo:ikps ys[ku d:u] osnuk O;Dr dsysyh fnlwu ;srs-

Þrs rqEgkayk ekghr ukgh

i.k ;k dkWystiklwu nwj

R;k 'ksrkrY;k >ksiMhe/;s

vkt eh rqdkjkekpa th.ka txrks;

vkf.k ;k dq.kC;kP;k iksjk'kh

gk lkjk lekt

eackthlkj[kk okxrks;-ß

¼rqdkjke- i`-19½

gs dq.kC;kP;k iksjkpa nq%[k.ka laiw.kZ egkjk"Vzrhy lqf'kf{kr xzkeh.k r:.kkapa vkgs] gh osnuk

vf/kd cksydh okLro vkgs- ;kp /krhZoj dq.kC;kph osnuk O;Dr dj.kkj;k lj.k] bZ[k Le'kkukpa

nq%[k ;kr fnlwu ;srs- lanhi txrki ;kaP;k dforkaps osxGsi.k Eg.kts R;kaP;k laiw.kZ dfork

osnuk vkf.k fonzksg g;k nksu lw+=kr xqaQrk ;srkr- fg'kksc] LQksV Bjko tFFkk] y<koap ykxay

;klkj[;k dfork fonzksg] la?k"kZ O;Dr djrkuk fnlrkr-

Þeyk okojkrY;k

fidkukap

lq:xkaph nk:

[kr Eg.kwu Vkdkoh okVrsß

¼LQksV i`-12½

txrki ;kaP;k dforsrhy gh 'kCndGk ejkBh nfyr dforsrhy fonzksgkph vkBo.k

d:u nsrs- ,dw.kp lanhi txrki ,d la?k"kZ'khy doh Eg.kwu vksG[k fnlwu ;srs-




161


,s'o;Z ikVsdj %& ,s'o;Z ikVsdj %& ,s'o;Z ikVsdj %& ,s'o;Z ikVsdj %&

gs ledkyhu ejkBhrhy ,d egRokps doh vkgsr- pkanoM rkyqD;krhy ,dk 'ksrdjh

dqVwackr R;kapk tUe >kyk- ^HkwbZ'kkL=^ gk R;kapk ifgyk dfork laxzg 2011 lkyh 'kCnky;

izdk'ku Jhjkeiwj dMwu izdkf'kr >kysyk vkgs- ;k laxzgke/kwu ikVsdj ;kauh laoknh 'kSyh

l;arfjR;k —"kh&dq.kcV ;kaP;k voLFkk o vodGslaca/kh fp=.k dsysys vkgs- ,dw.k ikp

foHkkxkr dforkaps foHkktu dsysys vkgs- ikVsdj ;kaP;k dforse/kwu xzke thoukps Hkksx fnlwu

;srkr- R;kaP;k dforsr ek= fonzksg fnlwu ;sr ukgh-

foykl ixkj %& foykl ixkj %& foykl ixkj %& foykl ixkj %&

foykl ixkj gs ukf'kd ftYg;krhy ,d egRRokps laosnu'khy xzkeh.k doh vkgs-

pkanksck ;k R;kaP;k dkO;laxzgkuarj ek;ekrhek;ekrhek;ekrhek;ekrh gk nqljk dforklaxzg gks;- ifgY;k dfork

laxzgkrwu ckydforkapk /kkaMksGk ?ksryk vlyk rjh ek;ekrhek;ekrhek;ekrhek;ekrh ;k laxzgkrwu ek= ekrhP;k xzkeh.k

HkkxkP;k 'ksrhP;k O;Fkk vkf.k osnuk ekaMrkauk fnlr vkgs-

Þek>k 'ksrdjh jktk

R;kaP;k vk;q";h nq"dkG

ik.kh ekxrks uHkkyk

gkrh rqdksckpk VkGÞ

¼i`- 20½

,dw.kp ikjaifjd ejkBh Ñ"kh txrkrhy nq"dkG vkf.k J/nk ;kapk lafeJ fopkj ;k

laxzgkr igk;yk feGrks- ;k laiw.kZ dforklaxzgkrwu xkokdMph ekrh ;kaP;kr vkysys fo?kVu

;klaca/khps fp+=.k foykl ixkj jks[kkVrkuk fnlrkr- mnk- R;kaph nq"dkG] ek>k 'ksrdjh jktk

g;k dfork O;Fkk ekaMrkauk fnlrkr- ek= foykl ixkj ;kaP;k laiw.kZ dfork osnuk] udkj

fonzksg ;kiklwu dkslks eSy ykac @nwj vlY;kps tk.kors- ,dw.kp dfoph Hkwfedk gh

LoIujatuoknh Lo:ikph fnlwu ;srs-

fo".kw Fkksjs %&fo".kw Fkksjs %&fo".kw Fkksjs %&fo".kw Fkksjs %&

fo".kw Fkksjs gs ukf'kd ftYg;krhy pkanoM rkyqD;krhy ,d egRRokps xzkeh.k doh

vkgsr- fp=dkj vkf.k doh vls nksu BGd iSyw R;kaP;k O;fDreRRokr fnlwu ;srkr- /kwGisjk /kwGisjk /kwGisjk /kwGisjk

mlorkmlorkmlorkmlork gk R;kapk ifgyk dforklaxzg ,dw.kp R;kaP;k dforsrwu tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k dksykgkykr

—"kh laLÑrhsps cnyrs Lo:i Xykscy >kysys xko g;k vk'k;kph izfrek izrhds fnlwu ;srkr-

,dw.kp Fkksjs ;kapk dforklaxzg o R;kaps 'kh"kZd o laxzgkps eq[ki`"B 'ksrh laL—rhph O;Fkkp

162



ekaMrkuk fnlwu ;srks- mnk- xM;k vkiyk xko cjk] egkHkkjr] gqDdh] gk;Vsd ;klkj[;k

egRRokP;k dforkae/kwu cnyR;k xzkeh.k thoukP;k fp=.kkcjkscjp O;kid vFkkZus xzkeh.k

Hkkxkrhy leL;k v/kksjsf[kr djrkauk fnlrs- R;kaph ukrh gh dfork vf/kd cksydh vkgs-

ßdks.k vkiya ijda

ukrh mjyh ukokyk

lksI;k vksG[khP;k okVk

xsY;k ijD;k xkokykÞ

¼ukrh i`-93½

,dw.kp fo".kw Fkksjs ;kaph dfork vk'k;?ku Lo:ikr 'ksrd&;kaPks iz'ukafdr tx.ks

v/kksjsf[kr djrs- fonzksg gk fo".kw Fkksjs ;kaP;k dforsr vk<Gwu ;sr ukgh-

dSykl lykns %&dSykl lykns %&dSykl lykns %&dSykl lykns %&

dSykl lykns ;k uoksfnr xzkeh.k dohP;k dforsr Hk;k.k xzkeh.k okLrokpk izR;;

ekaMyk vkgs- ^nkgxkFkknkgxkFkknkgxkFkknkgxkFkk^ gk dSykl lykns ;kapk ifgyk dfork laxzg vkgs- [kja rj g;k

laxzgkps 'kh"kZdp vf/kd cksyds vkgs- osnukaph ,d xqaQ.kp lykns ;kaP;k dforsrwu ekaMysyh

fnlwu ;srs- 2015 lkyh izdkf'kr >kysY;k R;kaP;k ;k laxzgkr ,dw.k 61 dfork vkgsr- banzthr

Hkkysjko R;kaP;k dforsph vksG[k d:u nsrkauk orZekukykp u dG.kkjh orZekukph fyih

myxM.;kps Js; lykns ;kauk nsrkr- ;k laiw.kZ dfork laxzgkrwu xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy —"kh] xzkeh.k

L=h] xzkeh.k ukrslaca/k nq"dkG ;kckch fpf+=r gksrkauk nq%[kkph iz[kj osnuk izR;sd dforsrwu

fnlwu ;srs-

mnk-

ßekrh

nkgxkFkk

lq[k

pkj vksGh

ckdh

lkjh gksGh

vk;q";kph -----Þ

R;kaP;k dforsrwu osnuk fnlr vlY;krjh fonzksg ek= Qkjlk fnlwu ;sr ukgh-




163


v:.k baxGsv:.k baxGsv:.k baxGsv:.k baxGs %&

v:.k baxGs gs ukf'kd ftYg;krhy vfydMhy dkGkrhy ,d egRRokps doh vkgsr-

gqadkj ekrhpkgqadkj ekrhpkgqadkj ekrhpkgqadkj ekrhpk gk R;kapk ifgyk dfork laxzg R;kaP;k dforse/;s 'ksrh] xkao] ;kaP;k leL;k

js[kkVY;k vkgsr- R;kaP;k laiw.kZ dforkae/kwu ledkyhu xzkeh.k fLFkrh xrh cn~ny [akr o nq%[k

O;Dr dsys xsys vkgs- R;kaP;k ,dw.k dfork laxzgkr 56 dfork vkgsr- R;kaP;k laiw.kZ dforse/;s

'ksrd&;kaps nq%[k O;Dr dsY;kps fnlwu ;srs-

mnk-

ß/kwG ekrh rh ik;kph

ek>k dikGh ykxkoh

nq%[k mjysyh lkjh

ek; rq>h eh HkksxkohÞ

;kaP;k dforsrwu fulxkZiq<s nhu nqCkGk >kysY;k 'ksrd&;kaph O;Fkk fnlwu ;srs- ek= gh

O;Fkk ekaMr vlrkuk ,d fulxZ doh Eg.kwu dohaph vksG[k fnlwu ;srs- R;kaP;k dforsrwu

vR;ar la;e fnlwu ;sr vlyk rjh fonzksgkpk yoys'kgh ;k dforsrwu fnlwu ;sr ukgh-

fu"d"kZ fu"d"kZ fu"d"kZ fu"d"kZ

1½ nfyr lkfgR;kaP;k rqyusr vkt ns[khy xzkeh.k dforsrwu vLly osnuk deh izek.kkr

fnlwu ;srs-

2½ xzkeh.k doh vkiY;k dforsrhy osnusyk fuf'pr tckcnkj ?kVd dks.k ;kckcrhr

ekaMr ukghr- ;kmyV cjsp xzkeh.k doh vkiyh osnuk] u'khc ok HkkX;k'kh tksM

nsrkuk fnlwu ;srkr-

3½ lanhi txrki ;k ,deso dohP;k xzkeh.k dforsr osnuk] fonzksg fnlwu ;srks-

lanHkZ lqph %& lanHkZ lqph %& lanHkZ lqph %& lanHkZ lqph %&

1- tkxfrdhdj.kkuarjps ejkBh lkfgR; ¼laik-½ MkW-dksRrkiYys ukxukFk] ys[k ;'kiky fHkaxs

& jDrcackG xzkeh.k orZeku] lk;u ifCyds'ku izk-fy- iq.sk

2- dksjMs u{k«k & izdk'k gksGdj ¼eq[ki`"B½& izHkk x.kksjdj] ikWiwyj izdk'ku] eqacbZ-

3- HkqbZHkksx& lafni txrki] ¼eq[ki`"B½& izk- lqjs'k f'kans] fdrhZ izdk'ku] vkSjaxkckn

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