Welcome to 3.091Lecture 35

December 9, 2009

Binary Phase Diagrams: Limited Solubility

Typical Physical Properties of Coolant Compounds

1.00

0.99765

0

. . . . . .

100

17.535

. . . . . .

1.01

0.7924

0.600 (20oC)

-97.7

-44.5

64.5

96.1

15.6

0.59

1.1155

0.574

-13.3

-36.6

197.3

0.12

115.6

20.9

Auto Applications

Property Water Methyl Alcohol Ethylene Glycol

Specific gravity 20/20oC

Specific heat, 25oC cal/(g) (oC)

Freezing point, oC pure

Freezing point, 50% water solution (ºC pure)

Vapor pressure, 20oC mm Hg

Flash point, open-cup oC

Viscosity, 20oC, cP

Boiling point, oC

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.

80

60

40

20

0

-20

-40

-6020 40 60

Weight %

Tem

pera

ture

, oC

KCl NaCl CaCl2

Comparative Phase Diagram for KCl, NaCl, and CaCl2

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.

© source unknown. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our CreativeCommons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.

© source unknown. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our CreativeCommons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.

© Cengage Learning/PWS-Kent (Karen ). All rights reserved.This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license.For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.Source: Fig. 10-6 in Askeland, Donald R. The Science andEngineering of Materials. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: PWS-Kent, 1989.

Courtesy of John Wiley & Sons. Used withpermission. Fig. 9.14 in Callister, MaterialsScience and Engineering, 6th Edition. JohnWiley and Sons, 2002.

50 wt% Sn - 50 wt % Pb

Primary Pb - rich α

Sn - rich β

Pb - rich α

cut, polish, etch Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 9: Metallography and Microstructures. Reprinted with permission of ASM

International® .

Courtesy of John Wiley & Sons. Used withpermission. Fig. 9.14 in Callister, MaterialsScience and Engineering, 6th Edition. JohnWiley and Sons, 2002.

Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams.Reprinted with permission of ASM International®.

Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams.Reprinted with permission of ASM International®.

Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams.Reprinted with permission of ASM International®.

Nicole Barbe Ponsardin(1777-1866)

-1798 married François Clicquot- widowed at age 27 & took control of the winery bold, imaginative management

marketing champagne to all the great courts of Europe: mythmakingbought land in the best vineyardsfought fiercely against counterfeitingestablished strict quality control proceduresproduced the first rosé champangeoversaw invention of new technology: remuage (riddling)

1

2

3

45

6

Problem:champagne is cloudy -- how to clarify without losing the sparkle?

a little chemistry....

sugar + yeast alcohol + CO2

byproducts include sundry insolubles, sedimentary & suspended

mechanical chemical

(siphon) (coagulants)

grape juice

removal treatments

won't work for champagne!

grape skin

Fb

Fg

αr2

αr3

at small r, r2 > r3

© source unknown. All rightsreserved. This content is excludedfrom our Creative Commons license.For more information,see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.

© source unknown. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.

Invention of Mme. Clicquotinvert bottle in order to collect sediment at the top

to assist with angle the bottle at 45o, turn periodically (remuage/riddling)*

to contain the lees freeze a plug of ice in bottle neck at time of disgorgement

two binary systems intersecting: salt - water & ethanol - water

* motorized riddling: Gyropalette/VLM

1

12

3

no headphones, no audio

Tuesday, 15 December, 9:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon

January 4

some personal observations

That’s all, Folks!

Happy Holidays

MIT OpenCourseWarehttp://ocw.mit.edu

3.091SC Introduction to Solid State ChemistryFall 2009

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.