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A. Trait View: Traits consistent across situations.B. Contextual
View: Behavior varies across
context.C. State: Behavior at a particular time and place.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcyLNHA7QgA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcyLNHA7QgAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcyLNHA7QgA
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A. Situationists Behavior is shapedprimarily by situations.
B. Trait Position Individual pre-dispositions explain Behavior1.
Problems:
a. Poor lab experiments
b. Traits predispose people to seek certainsituations
c. Too few situations studied
C. Interactionist Behavior is a jointproduct of traits and
situational variables
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A. Communication Apprehension (CA): fearof communicating
1. Traitlike CA consistent across allsituations.
2. Audience-Based CA fear of certain kinds ofpeople
3. Context-Based CA fear of speaking incertain context (e.g.
public speaking)
4. Situational CA fearful of certain situations
(e.g. performance/achievement based)
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B. Possible Causes:1. Low self-esteem2. Parental reinforcement3.
Inherited trait
C. Therapies:1. Systematic desensitization2. Cognitive
restructuring3. Communication skill training
D. Receiver Apprehension fear of misunderstanding;training in
listening and understanding
E. Writing apprehension fear of writing (feelings
ofinadequacy)
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A. Communication Style how messages arecommunicatednot what is
said.
1. Communication image indicators:a. Impression Leaving lasting
imageb. Contentious very argumentative
c. Open discloses ideas and feelings
d. Dramaticacts uses stories
e. Dominant forceful;
assertivehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk1uHflODjE&feature=relat
ed
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk1uHflODjE&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk1uHflODjE&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk1uHflODjE&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk1uHflODjE&feature=related
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f. Precise accurate; supports ideasg. Relaxedlaid back
h. Friendly Praises and encouragesi. Attentive listens
carefullyj. Animated nonverbally
expressivehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q-6H4xOUrs
B. Disclosiveness open; expresses ideas &feelings; involves
awareness, frequency,positiveness, depth, and honesty.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q-6H4xOUrshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q-6H4xOUrshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q-6H4xOUrshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q-6H4xOUrs
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A. Rhetorical SensitivityAware of others needs;flexibility
1. Noble self not flexible; feel they are right and
wontchange
2. Rhetorical reflector highly adaptive;
politician;Machiavellian
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0UsQy-gmiY&feature=related
3. Rhetorical sensitivity flexible but does not abandonvalues;
sensitive to different situations & environments
B. Communication Competence messageappropriateness and
effectiveness across
contextshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsJacCafbEU&feature=
related
A. Interaction Involvement participation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0UsQy-gmiY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0UsQy-gmiY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0UsQy-gmiY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsJacCafbEU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsJacCafbEU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsJacCafbEU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsJacCafbEU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0UsQy-gmiY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0UsQy-gmiY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0UsQy-gmiY&feature=related
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Definition: applies force verbally ornonverbally in order to
dominate
A. Constructive Traits:1. Assertivenessacting in ones own
best
interest, defending rights and not hurting
others2. Argumentativeness presenting &
defending ones position
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24eL0cWwF
xc&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24eL0cWwFxc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24eL0cWwFxc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24eL0cWwFxc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24eL0cWwFxc&feature=related
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B. Destructive Traits:1. Hostility:
a. Irritability quick temper; grouchy;impatient
b. Negativism refuse to cooperate;pessimistic
c. Resentment jealousy; antagonistictoward authority
d. Suspiciondistrust of others motives
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2. Verbal Aggressiveness attack self-concept
instead of idea of ideas; reasons:a. Transference: unresolved
conflict (mad at
someone else)
b. Disdain contempt for others
c. Social Learning rewarded for abusive behavioror modeling
d. Argumentative skill
deficiencyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jmrd1MbNkFs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jmrd1MbNkFshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jmrd1MbNkFs
