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©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.2
The Spreadsheet
The spreadsheet is a matrix that consists of:– Worksheet (a spreadsheet document)– Columns (alphabetical horizontal
divisions)– Rows (numbered vertical divisions)
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.3
The Spreadsheet
– Cells (the intersection of a row and column)
– Addresses (column letter and row number, e.g., C12)
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.4
The Worksheet
The worksheet is a grid formed by columns and rows and can contain:– Values (or numbers such
as 4, -76, $120.00).– Labels (words that
explain what the numbers mean such as Food).
Expenses Amount
Rent
Food
Utilities
Total
$400
$250
$120
$760
A B
1
2
3
4
5
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.7
The Worksheet
– Formulas (a step-by-step procedure for calculating a number, e.g. =Sum(B2:B4).
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.9
Cell Types
• Numerical Values (simply a number)– displayed right justified within the cell by default – may contain math operations eg. =6-3+7 is
displayed as 10
• Numeric Formula: – formulae may refer to values in other cells – for example, B6 is =B3+B2 or +B3+B2 – values in B2 and B3 are added, result being
displayed in B6
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.10
Cell Types (cont.)
• Text (or Labels): – anything else, though usually a heading – treated as a sequence of individual characters – to enter numbers as text, enter one of the quotes
as first character. – for example, '1234 entered as one two three four
• Blank – mathematical value of zero.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.11
Some common functions
• =SUM(range) = sum of all cells within the range • =AVERAGE(range) = average of non-blank cells
within range • =MIN(range) = Returns minimum value in range • =MAX(range) • =TODAY() = just date • =NOW() = date and time • =IF(condition, true, false)
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.12
Spreadsheet Features
• Automatic replication of values, labels, and formulas (relative versus absolute references)
• Automatic recalculation
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.13
Relative References
• Deafult type
• Copy command automatically adjusts cell references in formula as it copies.
• Relative references are adjusted– column references as copies across – row references as copies up/down.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.14
Absolute References
• Absolute references are not changed– needed when the value is taken from one cell– e.g. interest rate
• Add $ sign to make absolute reference– $H$4 always refer to fixed location– H$4 keeps row reference fixed on copying– $H4 keeps column reference fixed when copying
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.15
Spreadsheet Features
• Linking (reflect changes in related worksheets).
• Database capabilities.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.16
Spreadsheet Features
• Predefined functions (e.g., SUM, AVG, SQRT).
• Macros (custom design your own feature)
• Templates (ready-to-use worksheets).
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.17
“What If?” Questions
• Spreadsheets allow you to change numbers and instantly see the effects of those changes.– “What if I enter this value?”
• Equation solvers– Some spreadsheets generate data needed
to fit a given equation and target value.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.18
“What If?” Questions
• Validators - the equivalent of spelling and grammar checkers for spreadsheets.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman 6.19
Spreadsheet Graphics: From Digits to Drawings
Charts allow you to turn numbers into visual data: – Pie charts (show
relative proportions to the whole)
– Line charts (show trends or relationships over time)