Lecture 2Lecture 2

Engineering Design Process & Engineering Design Process & MethodMethod

IntroductionIntroduction

Design is a multidisciplinary field which Design is a multidisciplinary field which integrates the scientific principle, technical integrates the scientific principle, technical information and imagination to provide a solution information and imagination to provide a solution for real life problem.for real life problem.

DesignDesign

• A structured problem-solving activity• A Creative process

“ Imagination is more important than knowledge, for knowledge is finite whereas imagination is infinite.”

-Albert Einstein

Field of design Field of design

engineering

architecture

management

materialscience

salesergonomic

psychology

marketing

How does a design engineer work? How does a design engineer work?

• Engineers approach a need, develop alternative solutions, select the best solution, and communicate the results

Examples of engineering designExamples of engineering design

• Mechanical engineeringMechanical engineering – design an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drivetrain in an internal combustion engine

• Electrical engineeringElectrical engineering – design an electrical generating system using rain water as the power source.

• Material engineeringMaterial engineering – design high-temperature materials which enable astronauts to safely reenter the earth’s atmosphere.

New Product DevelopmentNew Product Development

Depends on 2 factors:– market demands– change of technology

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:– Physiological needs– Safety needs– Love and belonging needs– Esteem needs– Self Actualizing needs

marketdemands

developmentof science & technology

communication

style &quality

globalization

ergonomic

Product EvolutionProduct Evolution• the design of product changes from time to time• For example, mobile phone

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Identification of need• Problem definition• Information research

(design specification)• Design

conceptualization• Evaluating alternatives

• Detail design• Analysis and

optimization• Manufacturing• Experiment &

prototype construction• Marketing

• Identification of a needIdentification of a need– recognize and understand the problem precisely

– effort at this step pays great dividends by eliminating or reducing false trials and shortening the design duration

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Problem definitionProblem definition– to understand the problem in detail and identify the

scope of the problem

– in this step, do not point to any particular solution so that we have the opportunity to consider a wide range of alternatives

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Information researchInformation research – search the information which is related to the design

project in order to understand the problems in detail

– the source of information available are existing solutions, internet, library, government documentation, professional organizations, trade journals, catalogue etc

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Design conceptualization- develop alternative solution and compare between

each other

- brainstorming is one of the techniques that can be used to assist us in developing a list of possible solution

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Evaluating alternatives– evaluate concepts or ideas to solve the design problem

– based on the design criteria such as cost, reliability, weight, ease of operation and maintenance, appearance, compatibility, safety features, effectiveness and feasibility

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Detail design– select the final concept design and discuss in details the

characteristic and specification of the new design

– the final design must be developed to the point that every details are take into consideration

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Analysis and optimization– analysis the design from different factors and improve

it

– the analysis process involving the use of mathematical and engineering principle, for example, finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) etc

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Manufacturing– determine the suitable and economical manufacturing

process and method

– the selection of manufacturing process depends on the manufacturability, cost and available facility

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Experiment & prototype construction

- construct the prototype and test its performance

- a lot of testing can be performed such as tensile test, non-destructive test and impact test

Design ProcessDesign Process

• Marketing– production and sales in the market

– launch of marketing strategies especially promotion and advertisement

Design ProcessDesign Process

6 basic steps of engineering 6 basic steps of engineering methodmethod

• Recognize and understand the problem• Accumulate data and verify accuracy• Select the appropriate theory or principle• Make necessary assumptions• Solve the problem• Verify and check results

Professionalism and ethicsProfessionalism and ethics

• The work of engineers affects the day-to-day life of all humans.

• The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) requires ethical practice by each of its members and has adopted the Code of Ethics of Engineers as referenced in the ASME Constitution, Article C2.1.1.