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HISTORY 26
Lecture Twelve:
The Middle Kingdom(c. 2055 - 1650 BC)
The First Intermediate Period
Dynasties 9 and 10 (2160 - 2055 BC)9th and 10th Dynasties:
Herakleopolitan (2160 - 2025)
Khety (Meryibra)Khety (Nebkaura)Khety (Wahkara)Merykara
11th Dynasty: Thebes only (2125 - 2055)
[Mentuhotep I]Intef I (Sehertawy)Intef II (Wahankh)Intef III
(Nakhtnebtepnefer)
Ancient Egypt
Beginning of the Middle Kingdom
Dynasty 11 (2125 - 1985 BC)11th Dynasty: Thebes
only (2125 - 2055)
[Mentuhotep I]Intef I (Sehertawy)Intef II (Wahankh)Intef III
(Nakhtnebtepnefer)
11th Dynasty: All Egypt(2055 - 1985)
Mentuhotep II (Nebhepetra)
Mentuhotep III (Sankhkara)
Mentuhotep IV (Nebtawyra)
Nebhepetra Mentuhotep II(2055 - 2004 BC)
Sematawy, “The One Who Unites Two Lands”The Stele of Intef III and Mentuhotep II at Wadi Shatt el-Rigal
Government during the 11th Dynasty
Capital: Thebes Khety, the Vizier; Meru, the
Chancellor; Henenu, the Steward Governor of Upper Egypt (old);
Governor of Lower Egypt (new) The king’s control over his officials
increased, while the power of the nomarchs waned.
Egyptian influence in the outside world was restored.
Nebhepetra Mentuhotep II(2055 - 2004 BC)
Mentuhotep’s Mortuary Complex
(Deir el-Bahri)
Mentuhotep’s Mortuary Complex
(Deir el-Bahri)
Osiris - Fertility and Regeneration
A mixture of regional and Memphite techniques
Sarcophagus of Queen Ashaiyet
The Middle Kingdom ‘Renaissance’
Dynasty 12 (1985 - 1773 BC)Amenemhat I
(Sehetepibra)Senusret I (Kheperkara)Amenemhat II
(Nubkaura)Senusret II
(Khakheperra)Senusret III (Khakaura)Amenemhat III
(Nimaatra)Amenemhat IV
(Maakherura)Queen Sobekneferu
(Sobekkara)
Sehetepibra Amenemhat I (1985 - 1956 BC)
Wehemmesu‘The Repeating of Births’
The Prophecy of NefertyI show you the land in turmoil:The weak-armed is strong-armed,One salutes him who is saluted.I show you the undermost
uppermost,What was turned on the back
turns the belly.Men will live in the graveyard,The beggar will gain riches,The great [will rob] to live.The poor will eat bread,The slaves will be exalted.Gone from the earth is the name
of On (Heliopolis),The birthplace of every god.
Then a king will come from the South,
Ameny, the justified, by name,Son of a woman of Ta-Sety, child of
Upper Egypt.He will take the white crown,He will wear the red crown;He will join the two lands…Rejoice, O people of his time,The son of man will make his name
for all eternity!The evil-minded, the treason-
plotters,They suppress their speech in fear
of him;Asiatics will fall to his sword,Libyans will fall to his flame,Rebels to his wrath, traitors to his
might,As the serpent on his brow subdues
the rebels for him.
Amenemhat-itj-tawy(or simply, Itjtawy)
The Pyramid at Lisht
Egyptian Expansion
The End of the Middle Kingdom
Dynasty 13 (1773 - after 1650 BC)Wegaf (Khutawyra)
Sobekhotep II (Sekhemra-khutawy)Iykhernefert Neferhotep (Sankhtawy-sekhemra)Ameny-intef-amenemhat (Sankhibra)Hor (Awibra)Khendjer (Userkara)Sobekhotep III (Sekhemra-sewadjtawy)Neferhotep I (Khasekhemra)SahathorSobekhotep IV (Khaneferra)Sobekhotep VAy (Merneferra)