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Lecture 1Transportation Planning Process
Dr. Anna Nagurney
John F. Smith Memorial ProfessorIsenberg School of Management
University of MassachusettsAmherst, Massachusetts 01003
c©2009
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Transportation Planning Process
Phase I - Base Year Inventory
Make inventory of existing network + existing traffic patterns.
• O/D travel demand tables
• counters on roads
• inventory of planning factors
B is is industrial?B what is the income distribution?B types of employment.
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Traffic Congestion in the USA
Copyright by Texas Transportation Institute, 2004
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Traffic Congestion in Indiaremixconcepts.blogspot.com
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Transportation Planning Process
Collection of data to be used in model to predict the traffic flowpattern.
∗ The data must be extrapolated if it is to be used for predictingfuture traffic patterns.
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
US Interstate Highway Network
www.freightcenter.com
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Transportation Planning Process
Phase II - Model Building
Interested in finding out relationships among parameters of thesystem.
3 categories of relationships
1. Trip Generation Models.# of trips attracted to a certain area or generated in a certain area.
Ox , Dy : trip ends
Ox = # of trips produced (generated) at zone x (production zone)Dy = # of trips attracted to zone y (attraction zone)
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
2. Trip Distribution Models.
Given Ox ’s and Dy ’s find the O/D travel demand table.
Will then know how many travelers from Ox will go to Dy ; for allx , y pair.
y1
x1
y2
x2
y3
Dy
Ox
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Transportation Planning Process
Travel Demand:
dxy = kOxDy f (cxy )
cxy : travel cost from zone x to zone y
∗ dxy increases as cxy decreases.
3. Traffic Assignment Models.
Given O/D table dxy ’s, find how this travel demand is distributedamong different routes and modes of transportation.
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Transportation Planning Process
Relates traffic flow pattern to O/D pairs and characteristics ofnetworks.
Can be applied to:
• communication networks
• energy networks
• electrical networks
• economic and financial networks
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Another Type of Traffic Congestion!
www.darkroastedblend.com
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Transportation Planning Process
Three Stage Modelfor Transportation Planning.
Trip
Generation
Trip
Distribution
Traffic
Assignment
{Ox} {Dy}
trip ends
{dxy}
O/D demand pattern link load
pattern
update for congested networks
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Transportation Planning Process
Phase III - Travel Forecasts
Extrapolation - to predict parameters for which we have data fromPhase I.
Data from Phase I may be crude.
Phase IV - Network Evaluation
Goal is to compare networks.
What is the traffic that will be generated by the 3 or 4 networks- evaluation of cost + benefits.
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Amherst Area View from Mt. Sugarloaf
Travel Monkeys’ Gallery
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
References
⇒ Beckmann M., McGuire C.B., Winsten C.B. (1956) Studies in theEconomics of Transportation. Yale University Press, New Haven,Connecticut; also published as Rand-RM-1488-PR, Rand Corporation,Santa Monica, CA, May 12, 1955http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/archive/reprints/specpub-BMW.pdf
⇒ Sheffi Y. (1985) Urban Transportation Networks: Equilibrium Analysiswith Mathematical Programming Methods. Prentice-Hall, EnglewoodCliffs, New Jerseyhttp://web.mit.edu/sheffi/www/selectedMedia/sheffi urban trans networks.pdf
⇒ Nagurney A. (1993) Network Economics: A Variational InequalityApproach. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusettshttp://supernet.som.umass.edu/bookser/netbook.htm
⇒ Nagurney A. (2002) Network Economics (Fulbright Lectures)http://supernet.som.umass.edu/austria lectures/fulmain.html
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1
Additional Reading
. Pocket Guide to Transportation (2008) by Bureau of TransportationStatistics
http://www.bts.gov/publications/pocket guide to transportation/2008/pdf/entire.pdf
. For additional background material, see the Virtual Center forSupernetworks website:
http://supernet.som.umass.edu
Dr. Anna Nagurney FOMGT 341 Transportation and Logistics - Lecture 1