Lecture 1 Foundations of OB

8/6/2019 Lecture 1 Foundations of OB

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Organization Behavior

Definition

Features

Significance

Various Disciplines.

Challenges & opportunities


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Organization Behavior

. . . a field of study that

investigates the impact that

individuals, groups and

structure have on behaviorwithin organizations, for the

purpose of applying such

knowledge toward improving

an organizations

effectiveness.


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2

Organizational

Behavior-

systematic study ofthe actions

and attitudes

that people

exhibit withinorganizations


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3

Features of OB

Behavioral approach to management

Body of theory, research & application

Human tool for human benefit

Influenced by other disciplines

3 levels of analysis

Is action oriented & goal directed

Science & art

Fulfils org. needs & objectives

Systematic study & not based on intuitions


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4

Organizational Iceberg


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Significance of OB

1. Understanding ofself & others

2. Motivation

3. Effective communication

4. Effective organizational climate

5. Good HR relation


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Effective Versus Successful Managerial

Activities (Luthans)

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1. Traditional management

Decision making, planning, and controlling

2. Communication Exchanging routine information and processing

paperwork

3. Human resource management

Motivating, disciplining, managing conflict,staffing,

and training

4. Networking

Socializing, politicking, and interacting with others


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Allocation of Activities by Time

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E X H I B I T 12E X H I B I T 12Source: Based on F. Luthans, R.M. Hodgetts, and S.A. Rosenkrantz,Real Managers (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988).


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Replacing Intuition with Systematic

Study

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Systematic study

Looking at relationships, attempting to attributecauses and effects, and drawing conclusions basedon scientific evidence.

Provides a means to predict behaviors.

Intuition

A feeling not necessarily supported by research.


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Replacing Intuition with Systematic

Study

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TheFacts

PreconceivedNotions


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Toward an OBToward an OB

DisciplineDiscipline

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E X H I B I T 13E X H I B I T 13


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Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field

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E X H I B I T 13 (contd)E X H I B I T 13 (contd)

PsychologyThe science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes

change the behavior of humans and other animals.


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(contd)

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SociologyThe study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

Group

Organization

system


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(contd)

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Social PsychologyAn area within psychology that blends concepts from psychologyand sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on oneanother.


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(contd)

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AnthropologyThe study of societies to learn about human beings and theiractivities.


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(contd)

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Political Science

The study of the behavior of individuals and groupswithin a political environment.


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Challenges and Opportunities for OB

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y Responding to Globalization

y Increased foreign assignments

y Working with people from different cultures

y

Managing Workforce Diversityy Embracing diversity

y Implications for managers

y Recognizing and responding to differences


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Managing Diversity

Workforce diversity -

organizations are

becoming a moreheterogeneous mix of

people in terms of

gender, age, race,

ethnicity, and sexualorientation

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Challenges and Opportunities for OB

(contd)

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y Improving Quality and Productivityy Quality management (QM)

y Process reengineering

y Responding to the Labor Shortagey Changing work force demographics

y Fewer skilled laborers

y Early retirements and older workers

y Improving Customer Servicey Increased expectation of service quality

y Customer-responsive cultures


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What Is Quality Management?

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1. Intense focus on the customer.

2. Concern for continuous improvement.

3. Improvement in the quality of everything the organizationdoes.

4. Accurate measurement.

5. Empowerment of employees.



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Improving Quality and Productivity

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y Quality management (QM)y The constant attainment of customer satisfaction through the

continuous improvement of all organizational processes.

y Requires employees to rethink what they do and become more

involved in workplace decisions.y Process reengineering

y Asks managers to reconsider how work would be done andtheir organization structured if they were starting over.

y

Instead of making incremental changes in processes,reengineering involves evaluating every process in terms of itscontribution.


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Challenges and Opportunity for OB

(contd)

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y Improving People Skills

y Empowering People

y Stimulating Innovation and Change

y Coping with Temporariness

y Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts

y Improving Ethical Behavior


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A Downside to Empowerment?


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Documents

Lecture 1 Foundations of OB