Lecture [03] Bio Molecules

8/12/2019 Lecture [03] Bio Molecules

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+

http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/

lsps07_int_plantmovies/

INTERESTING

FINDS

+

Water

ProteinsNucleic acids

CarbohydratesLipids

BIO

MOLECULES

AJDRODELAS-ANGELIA. mcl. 3T 2012-2013

+Biomolecules in Food

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohyd

rate-videos-playlist.htm#video-29544

http://www.angelfoodbakery.co.uk

+ Biomolecules

Know the structure

Describe the properties

Understand the role in living

organisms structure and function

Dynamic deformation of the chaperon protein GroEL,

obtained with the MMTK-based interactive

DomainFinder

. .

+Water

Polar

Forms weak hydrogen bonds

surface tension cohesion

adhesion capillarity

Normally liquid and

Has a high specific capacity and can maintain T

coolant insulator solvent

www.treesforlife.org.uk

+Carbohydrates

Hydrates of carbon

Mainly used in energy production

Three groups

monosaccharides

disaccharides

polysaccharides
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//localhost/Users/abigailjoyrangelia/Desktop/3T%202012-2013/BIO181/BIO181-Lectures/Biomolecules/lsps07_int_plantmovies/lsps07_int_plantmovies.swfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//localhost/Users/abigailjoyrangelia/Desktop/3T%202012-2013/BIO181/BIO181-Lectures/Biomolecules/lsps07_int_plantmovies/lsps07_int_plantmovies.swfhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://dirac.cnrs-orleans.fr/DomainFinder/http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Organic%20Molecules%20Carbohydrates%20%EF%80%A7%20Cell%20Biology%20%EF%80%A7%20Biochemistry.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Organic%20Molecules%20Carbohydrates%20%EF%80%A7%20Cell%20Biology%20%EF%80%A7%20Biochemistry.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Organic%20Molecules%20Carbohydrates%20%EF%80%A7%20Cell%20Biology%20%EF%80%A7%20Biochemistry.mp4http://dirac.cnrs-orleans.fr/DomainFinder/http://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/carbohydrate-videos-playlist.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//localhost/Users/abigailjoyrangelia/Desktop/3T%202012-2013/BIO181/BIO181-Lectures/Biomolecules/lsps07_int_plantmovies/lsps07_int_plantmovies.swfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//localhost/Users/abigailjoyrangelia/Desktop/3T%202012-2013/BIO181/BIO181-Lectures/Biomolecules/lsps07_int_plantmovies/lsps07_int_plantmovies.swfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//localhost/Users/abigailjoyrangelia/Desktop/3T%202012-2013/BIO181/BIO181-Lectures/Biomolecules/lsps07_int_plantmovies/lsps07_int_plantmovies.swfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//localhost/Users/abigailjoyrangelia/Desktop/3T%202012-2013/BIO181/BIO181-Lectures/Biomolecules/lsps07_int_plantmovies/lsps07_int_plantmovies.swf


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+ +Glycosidic bonds

Disaccharides Polysaccharides

+Polysaccharides

Storage form of glucose in animals

Glycogen

Cellulose

+Too much glucose can also be

regulated

Insulin is stored in the body as a hexamer,

while the active form is the monomer

+Proteins

Composed of amino acids

linked by

Peptide bonds
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/glucose_regulation.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/glucose_regulation.mov


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+Protein folding is governed by

IMFA

http://www.doctortee.com

+Levels of protein structure

http://www.helpfromthedoctor.com

+Functions of proteins enzymesas catalysts, such as ribonuclease, that accelerate specific

chemical reactions up to 10 billion times faster than they would

spontaneously occur; one cell may contain some thousand different

types of enzymes at one time

structural materials, including keratin (the protein found in hair and

nails) and collagen (the protein found in connective tissue)

immune molecules, specific binding, such as antibodies that bind

specifically to foreign substances to identify them to the body's

immune system

specific carriers, including membrane transport proteins that move

substances across cell membranes, and blood proteins, such as

hemoglobin, that carry oxygen, iron, and other substances through

the body

contraction, such as actin and myosin fibers that interact in muscle

tissue

+Keratin

filament-forming proteins with specificphysicochemical properties and extracted from the

cornified layer of the epidermis

You in for smoother hair?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736122/

http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v123/n4/fig_ta

b/5602511f3.html

+Laminins

the cross within

+Prions
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Haemoglobin%20structure%20and%20function.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/actin_myosin_crossbridges.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/actin_myosin_crossbridges.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Keratin%20Complex%20Smoothing%20Therapy%20-%20Animation%20-Distributed%20by%20Nazih%20Group%20%20%C3%99%E2%80%A6%C3%98%C2%AC%C3%99%E2%80%A6%C3%99%CB%86%C3%98%C2%B9%C3%98%C2%A9%20%C3%99%E2%80%A0%C3%98%C2%B2%C3%99%C5%A0%C3%99%E2%80%A1.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Keratin%20Complex%20Smoothing%20Therapy%20-%20Animation%20-Distributed%20by%20Nazih%20Group%20%20%C3%99%E2%80%A6%C3%98%C2%AC%C3%99%E2%80%A6%C3%99%CB%86%C3%98%C2%B9%C3%98%C2%A9%20%C3%99%E2%80%A0%C3%98%C2%B2%C3%99%C5%A0%C3%99%E2%80%A1.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Keratin%20Complex%20Smoothing%20Therapy%20-%20Animation%20-Distributed%20by%20Nazih%20Group%20%20%C3%99%E2%80%A6%C3%98%C2%AC%C3%99%E2%80%A6%C3%99%CB%86%C3%98%C2%B9%C3%98%C2%A9%20%C3%99%E2%80%A0%C3%98%C2%B2%C3%99%C5%A0%C3%99%E2%80%A1.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/actin_myosin_crossbridges.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Haemoglobin%20structure%20and%20function.mp4


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+The Peptide bond

http://www.molecularstation.com/molecular-biology-images/510-peptide-

pictures/136-peptide-bond.html?size=big

+Naming Peptides

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/104103018/12

+ +

+Protein Purification

Take advantage of size

differences

Charges and interactions

Polarity or hydrophobicity

Affinity

+Lipids

Non polar molecules due to a long

hydrophobic chain

Used in the body as an energy

source

Fats, oils, phospholipids, waxes,

steroids, lipidic vitamins, terpenes,

prostagandins

The leaves and fruits of many plants have waxy

coatings, which may protect them from dehydration and

small predators.

The feathers of birds and the fur of some animals have

similar coatings which serve as a water repellent.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Column%20Chromatography%20_%20MIT%20Digital%20Lab%20Techniques%20Manual.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Column%20Chromatography%20_%20MIT%20Digital%20Lab%20Techniques%20Manual.mp4http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/botany/images/fig12b-big.gifhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/Column%20Chromatography%20_%20MIT%20Digital%20Lab%20Techniques%20Manual.mp4


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+Lipids

Spermaceti

- CH3(CH2)14CO2-(CH2)15CH3

BeeswaxCH3(CH2)24CO2-(CH2)29CH3

Carnuba wax

CH3(CH2)30CO2-(CH2)33CH3

+Lipids

Coconut milk:A special case

http://plantbiology.ucr.edu/faculty/huang.h

tml

http://seattlefoodgeek.com/page/2/

http://www.khiewchanta.com/archives/ingredients/coconut-milk-ga-

ti.html

+Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids, built by polymerizing nucleotides,

function primarily as informational molecules

for the storage and retrieval of information

about the primary sequence of polypeptides.

There are two types of nucleic acids:

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

- serves as a cellular database by storing an

immense amount of information about all the

polypeptides a cell can potentially make

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

- occurs in several different forms (messenger

RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA) and is

needed to convert DNA information into

polypeptide sequences;

- in some viruses, RNA serves as the primary

database with no DNA involvement;

- certain RNAs have catalytic ability similar to

that of protein enzymes called ribozymes

+

DNA+

RNA
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/tdc02_int_membraneweb/tdc02_int_membraneweb.swfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/tdc02_int_membraneweb/tdc02_int_membraneweb.swfhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/biot11.sci.life.gen.structureofdna/http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/biot11.sci.life.gen.structureofdna/http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/biot11.sci.life.gen.structureofdna/http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Biomolecules/tdc02_int_membraneweb/tdc02_int_membraneweb.swfhttp://science9.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/bilayer.jpghttp://science9.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/phospholipid.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Bienenvolk-Gemuell.jpg


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+DNA vs. RNA

ATCG

Deoxygenated at 2C

Double-stranded

AUCG

Single-stranded

Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid

+Central dogma of molecular biology

+Transcription

+Translation

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Lecture [03] Bio Molecules