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Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 1
What are IS and TI? Business Information Systems 100
Lecture 2
v3.1
COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regula0on 1969
WARNING
This material has been copied and communicated to you by or on behalf of Cur*n University of Technology pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act)
The material in this communicaHon may be subjected to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or
communicaHon of this material by you may be subject of copyright protecHon under the Act.
Do not remove this noHce.
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 2
URGENT: If you didn’t aQend the First Lecture
• Please go to BIS100 in BlackBoard – Please open the “Unit Outline” secHon
• Please download the Unit Outline and read ASAP! – Please open the “Unit Resources” secHon
• Please open the “Learning Unit 1 -‐ …” secHon in there • Get the Lecture Slides (PDF format)
– “Lecture 01 – Value of IT and Unit Overview” – Read through them very carefully
• Get the Unit Textbook (from the Bookshop) – “CreaHng Business Value with IT” McGraw-‐Hill – Read Learning Unit 1 Chapters
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 4
URGENT: If you haven’t started Worksheet 1
• Please go to BIS100 in BlackBoard – Please open the “Unit Resources” secHon
• Please open the “Learning Unit 1 – …” secHon in there
• Get the Workshop Slides (PDF format) – “Workshop 01 – Workshop Overview and Set-‐up” – Read through them closely and do as requested
• Do the Electronic Worksheet (in BlackBoard) – “Worksheet 01 – Workshop Overview and Set-‐up” – Follow direcHons, complete, and submit ASAP!
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 5
Review of The Value of IT
• IT is used extensively throughout most (if not all) modern businesses.
• People use informa0on technology to work with informa0on.
• IT can provide compeHHve advantage unHl all businesses can readily acquire the same IT.
• Whether or not the world is flat, IT plays a role and there are many implicaHons for business.
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 8
Review of BIS100 Unit
• BIS100 focuses on explaining how businesses can create value with IT, plus the echnology and informaHon literacy graduate aQributes
• Weekly lecture (1.5 hrs) and weekly workshop (1.5 hrs) plus independent study in own Hme
• Custom textbook, lecture slides, workshop slides, worksheets and BlackBoard resources
• Assess: worksheets (20%), assignment (15%), semester test (15%) & final examinaHon (50%)
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 9
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 2
Overview of BIS 100
Learning Module 1 – The Value of IT
Learning Unit 1 – The Value of IT
Learning Unit 2 – What are IS and TI?
Learning Unit 3 – CreaHng Business Value with IT
Learning Module 2 – CreaHng Business
Value with InformaHon Systems
Learning Unit 4 – CreaHng Business
Value with InformaHon Systems
Learning Unit 5 – CreaHng Business
Value with InformaHon
Learning Unit 6 – CreaHng Business Value on the Demand Side
Learning Module 3 – CreaHng Business Value with L/SCM
and ERP
Learning Unit 7 – CreaHng Business Value on the Supply
Side
Learning Unit 8 – CreaHng Business Value with ERP
Learning Unit 9 – CreaHng Business Value across the
Value Chain: A Case Study
Learning Module 4 – CreaHng Business Value with ICT Infrastructure
Learning Unit 10 – CreaHng Business Value with ICT Infrastructure
Learning Unit 11 – CreaHng Business
Value with Outsourced ICT Infrastructure
Learning Module 5 – Future Trends in IT
Learning Unit 12 – Future Trends in IT
BIS100 12 What are IS and TI?
WHAT ARE IS AND TI? Business InformaHon Systems 100
BIS100 13 What are IS and TI?
Academic ObjecHves
The academic objecHves of this lecture are to: 1. Introduce the concepts of systems, parHcularly business, informaHon, and sokware systems.
2. To define and explain InformaHon Systems and ICT Infrastructure fields, disciplines & careers.
3. To introduce a five step process and a format for describing informaHon systems.
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 14
Learning Outcomes
Aker this lecture students should be able to: 1. Describe what Business, InformaHon, and Sokware Systems are and do.
2. Describe what InformaHon and CommunicaHon Technology Infrastructure (TI) is and does.
3. Compare and contrast the fields, disciplines, and careers in IS and TI.
4. Describe an informaHon system using the simple five steps and descripHon format.
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 15
Learning Resources (Required)
• CreaHng Business Value with IT – Learning Unit 2 – O'Brien, M., and G. Marakas. 2007. Chapter 1 -‐ FoundaHons of InformaHon Systems. In IntroducHon to InformaHon Systems: McGraw-‐Hill.
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 16
WHAT ARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS? What are IS and TI?
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 17
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 3
What is a system?
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 18
Something Goes In Something Comes Out
Something Happens Inside
A system
What is a System?
DefiniHon – System A system is
• set of interrelated components, with a • clearly defined boundary, • working together to achieve a common set of objec0ves by • accep0ng inputs and • producing outputs in an • organised transforma0on process.
Inputs => TransformaHon => Outputs
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 19
Human Body
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 20
Example – Human Body
System Defini*on • Set of interrelated
components • Clearly defined boundary • Working together to
achieve a common set of objecHves
• AccepHng inputs • Producing outputs • Organised fashion
Human Body • Brain, lungs, skeleton, muscles,
digesHve system, … • Skin, membranes, … • To survive, to procreate, to
have fun, to learn, … • Food, drink, air, informaHon, … • Waste, CO2, informaHon, … • Most of the Hme …
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 21
More Examples of Systems
• Manufacturing System • University • AircondiHoner • Government • Computers • People • Pasta Making Machine • ... BIS100 What are IS and TI? 22
What is a Business System?
A business can be considered as a system!
• What are the inputs?
• What are the outputs?
• What is transformaHon process(es)?
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 23
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 4
Example of a Business System
Hotel Business System
People
InformaHon
Goods
Waste
InformaHon
People
Management Systems
Human Resources Systems
Maintenance Systems
Computerised Information
Systems
Non-Computerised Information
Systems Communication Systems
Catering Systems
Plus Many More …
BIS100 24 What are IS and TI?
What are InformaHon Systems? DefiniHon -‐ InformaHon Systems are
informaHon processing and storage systems!
• What goes in? – InformaHon
• What comes out? – InformaHon
• What happens inside? – InformaHon Processing – InformaHon Storage (and Retrieval)
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 25
What are InformaHon Systems? • DefiniHon -‐ InformaHon Systems are organised combinaHons of – People – Sokware – Hardware – CommunicaHons networks – Data resources – Policies and procedures
• that store, retrieve, transforms, and disseminate informaHon in an organisaHon.
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 26
InformaHon Systems
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 27
Collections of people, computers, filing cabinets, databases, ... organised to process and
store (and retrieve) information
Files
Software
People
Filing Cabinet
Software
Database People
Filing Cabinet
Info
Info
Info
Info
Info
InformaHon System are comprised of:
• People Resources • Sokware Resources • Data, InformaHon, Knowledge Resources • Hardware Resources • Network Resources • …
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 28
InformaHon Systems AcHviHes
• Input informaHon into the system • Processing of informaHon in the system • Output informaHon from the system • Storage of informaHon in the system • Control informaHon processing in the system • …
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 29
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 5
Informa*on System (IS) versus Informa*on and Communica*on Technology Infrastructure (TI)
• IS is all the components and resources necessary to deliver informaHon and funcHons to the organisaHon.
• TI is the hardware, sokware, networking and data management that makes up and supports the informaHon system.
• In theory, IS could be pen-‐and-‐paper-‐based but we will focus on Computer-‐Based InformaHon Systems (CBIS)
BIS100 30 What are IS and TI?
Library InformaHon System (before modern IT)
BIS100 31 What are IS and TI?
Library InformaHon System (before modern IT)
BIS100 32 What are IS and TI?
What is this?
Library InformaHon System (with modern IT)
BIS100 33 What are IS and TI?
Library InformaHon System (with modern IT)
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 34
Library InformaHon System (with modern IT)
BIS100 35 What are IS and TI?
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 6
What are Sokware Systems?
Sokware Systems are informaHon systems where computer sokware does the informaHon processing.
• What goes in?
• What comes out?
• What is the transformaHon process(es)?
Sokware Systems are InformaHon Systems too! BIS100 What are IS and TI? 36
Sokware Systems
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 37
Sokware
Hardware
Information System
ICT Infrastructure
Software runs on Hardware
InformaHon Systems may contain Other InformaHon Systems called Subsystems …
University InformaHon System
Student & Courses InformaHon System
Student ONE Sokware
Financial InformaHon System
Finance ONE Sokware
BIS100 38 What are IS and TI?
Sub- Subsystems
Subsystems
The System Sokware Systems
InformaHon Systems
Business Systems
Business Systems may contain Informa*on Systems which may contain SoNware Systems
BIS100 39 What are IS and TI?
Types of a InformaHon Systems
BIS100 40 What are IS and TI?
Types of InformaHon Systems
1. OperaHons Support Systems 1. TransacHon Processing Systems 2. Enterprise CollaboraHon Systems 3. …
2. Management Support Systems 1. Management InformaHon Systems 2. Decision Support System 3. …
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 41
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 7
OperaHons support systems
• What are they? – Efficiently process business transacHons – Control industrial processes – Support communicaHons and collaboraHon – Update corporate databases
BIS100 42 What are IS and TI?
Types of OperaHons Support Systems
• TransacHon Processing Systems – Record and process data from business transacHons
– Examples: sales processing, inventory systems, accounHng systems
• Process Control Systems – Monitor and control physical processes – Example: in a petroleum refinery use sensors to monitor chemical processes
• Enterprise CollaboraHon Systems – Enhance team and work group communicaHons – Examples: e-‐mail, videoconferencing
BIS100 43 What are IS and TI?
Two ways to process transacHons
• Batch Processing: – Accumulate transacHons over Hme and process periodically
– Example: a bank processes all checks received in a batch at night
• Online Processing: – Process transacHons immediately – Example: a bank processes an ATM withdrawal immediately
BIS100 44 What are IS and TI?
Management Support Systems
• What are they? – Provide informaHon and support for effecHve decision making by managers
BIS100 45 What are IS and TI?
Types of Management Support Systems
• Management InformaHon Systems (MIS) – Provide reports and displays to managers – Example: daily sales analysis reports
• Decision Support Systems (DSS) – Provide interacHve ad hoc support for decision making
– Example: A what-‐if-‐analysis to determine where to spend adverHsing dollars
• ExecuHve InformaHon Systems (EIS) – Provide criHcal informaHon for execuHves and managers
– Example: easy access to acHons of compeHtors BIS100 46 What are IS and TI?
OperaHonal or Management Systems
• Expert Systems – Provide expert advice – Example: credit applicaHon advisor
• Knowledge Management Systems – Support creaHon, organizaHon and disseminaHon of business knowledge throughout company
– Example: Intranet access to best business pracHces
BIS100 47 What are IS and TI?
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 8
Not Everything in a Business System is always an Informa*on System
• Business systems can also contain systems other than informaHon systems
• Example – Amazon has an informaHon system to handle the purchasing of books and other products.
– Amazon also has a physical system to handle the acquisiHon and delivery of the physical products.
– Oken though there are informaHon systems (e.g. logisHcs systems) to control these other systems.
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 48
A business system oken contains systems that are NOT informaHon systems!
Amazon Business
Web Purchasing InformaHon System
Staff Tea Club InformaHon System No sokware used in this informaHon system
Product Management Sokware
Web Site Sokware
Human Resources InformaHon System
Human Resources Sokware
Product AcquisiHon and Delivery System (a physical system)
BIS100 49 What are IS and TI?
InformaHon Systems FuncHon
• InformaHon Systems FuncHon represents – A major funcHonal area, equally as important to business success as accounHng, finance, …
– An important contributor to operaHonal efficiency, employee producHvity, …
– A vital ingredient to development compeHHve products and services for strategic advantage,
– A dynamic, rewarding, and challenging career opportunity, …
– A key component of the resources, infrastructure, and capabiliHes of modern businesses
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 50
What is the InformaHon Systems Academic Discipline about?
It is about teaching and research into: • InformaHon Systems • Business InformaHon Systems • InformaHon Systems Development • InformaHon Systems Management • ApplicaHon of InformaHon Systems • …
BIS100 51 What are IS and TI?
BUSINESS SYSTEMS ACTIVITY What are IS and TI?
BIS100 53 What are IS and TI?
Task -‐ Business Systems DescripHon • With a buddy (or on your own) pick a business (any business) and consider the quesHons: – What are some of the inputs and outputs for this business (i.e. what goes in and what comes out)?
– What are some of the informaHon systems that it may contain (and what processing do they do)?
– What are some of sokware systems (if any) that it may contain (and what processing do they do)?
– What sort of non-‐informaHon-‐related systems may it contain (and what do they do)?
• Use a diagram to summarise this descripHon. BIS100 What are IS and TI? 54
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 9
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE (TI)? What are IS and TI?
BIS100 56 What are IS and TI?
What are InformaHon Technologies?
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 57
Technologies related to all aspects of data, information, and knowledge …
TelecommunicaHons
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 58
Telephones
PABXs
VoIP
Skype
Video Conferencing SIP
InformaHon and CommunicaHon Technologies (ICT)
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 59
IT is usually just short for
ICT
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 60
IT Infrastructure or ICT Infrastructure • What abbreviaHon or acronym shall we use?
– ITI? Too strange – ICTI? Too long
• A lot of the industry uses the abbreviaHon IT for IT Infrastructure or ICT Infrastructure – But we’ve discussed how IT is now an umbrella term used to cover almost anything in the area …
… so we’ll use TI for IT Infrastructure or ICT Infrastructure
and oken call it Technology Infrastructure BIS100 What are IS and TI? 61
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 10
InformaHon Systems (IS)
ICT Infrastructure (TI)
InformaHon and CommunicaHon Technology Infrastructure (TI)
InformaHon Systems run on the InformaHon and CommunicaHon Technology
Infrastructure BIS100 62 What are IS and TI?
“IS and TI Departments” • Also known as
– IS Department – or IT Department – or Management InformaHon Systems Department – …
• IS -‐ The department in a business responsible for the InformaHon Systems funcHon.
• IT -‐ The department in a business responsible for ICT Infrastructure (TI)
• May be combined or misnamed … BIS100 What are IS and TI? 63
Management InformaHon Systems (MIS)
• Management InformaHon Systems is the name of a business funcHon (and academic discipline) covering the applicaHon of people, technologies and procedures, collecHvely called informaHon systems – to solve business problems.
• MIS is a business funcHon just as markeHng, finance, operaHons, and human resources are business funcHons
BIS100 64 What are IS and TI?
WHAT ARE COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING What are IS and TI?
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 65
What is Computer Science (CS)?
The science of bits and bytes and everything to do with computing BIS100 66 What are IS and TI?
What is the Computer Science Academic Discipline about?
Computer Science (CS) is about teaching and research related to: • Theory of ComputaHon (CompuHng) • Programming Languages • Hardware and Sokware • Programming • Databases • … BIS100 67 What are IS and TI?
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 11
What is Sokware Engineering (SE)?
Engineering with bits and bytes using computers
BIS100 68 What are IS and TI?
What is the Sokware Engineering Academic Discipline about?
Sokware Engineering (SE) is about teaching and research related to: • Developing Large Sokware ApplicaHons • Managing Sokware Development • Real-‐world Engineering • Programming • TesHng • … BIS100 69 What are IS and TI?
What is Computer Engineering (CE)?
Designing the computer hardware, Networking, and accessories.
BIS100 70 What are IS and TI?
What is the Computer Engineering Academic Discipline about?
• Computer Engineering (CE) is about teaching and research related to:
• Developing all computer hardware • Developing networking hardware • Sokware embedded in hardware • Electronics • …
BIS100 71 What are IS and TI?
Comparison
Science Engineering Applied (Business)
Physics Civil Engineering City Planning
Computer Science & Physics
Sokware Engineering & Computer Engineering
InformaHon Systems & ICT
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 72
IS AND TI ACTIVITY What are IS and TI?
BIS100 74 What are IS and TI?
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 12
Which of the following is NOT an informaHon processor?
• Computer • Person • Insect • Stop Sign • Mechanical Calculator • Washing Machine
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 75
Which of the following is NOT an informaHon store?
• Paper • Database • Computer File • Filing Cabinet • Computer Network • Folder
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 77
In this unit IT = IS + TI True or False?
• True • False • I’m not sure … • MathemaHcal equaHons scare me …
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 79
DESCRIBING INFORMATION SYSTEMS What are IS and TI?
BIS100 82 What are IS and TI?
Describing InformaHon Systems • Describing InformaHon Systems from the outside is a common task for IS Professionals to understand the informaHon system – E.g. See the role of Business Analysts
• Describing InformaHon Systems from the inside is a common task of TI Professionals to plan development of an informaHon system – E.g. See the role of Systems Analyst or Architect
We can describe InformaHon Systems with text and pictures / drawings.
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 83
InformaHon
InformaHon System (External View)
Inputs from People
and Other
Information Systems
InformaHon System A
InformaHon
Outputs to People
and Other
Information Systems
1. Inputs
4. Outputs
3. Information Processing and Storage
2. System Boundary
BIS100 84 What are IS and TI?
Information Focus
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 13
Describing an InformaHon Systems (from the Outside)
1. Name the InformaHon System – Give the informaHon system a name (and usually an acronym) by
which it can easily be referred to (usually ends in “Info. System”) 2. IdenHfy the Inputs and the Outputs
– Document what informaHon comes in and goes out (not who or what enters or receives the informaHon)
3. Describe the InformaHon Processing – Describe what informaHon processing the overall informaHon
system is responsible for. 4. Describe the InformaHon Stored
– Describe what informaHon is stored and/or retrieved overall in the informaHon system.
5. Define the System Boundary – Work out what is within and what is NOT within the system
(and draw or describe this). Should not describe any ICT infrastructure (technology)!
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 85
InformaHon System (Internal View)
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 86
InformaHon Store 2
InformaHon Store 1
InformaHon Processor 2
InformaHon Processor 1
Communication Network 1
ICT Technology Focus
Describing an InformaHon Systems (on the Inside)
1. What informaHon processing components does it contain and what do they do?
2. What informaHon storage components does it contain and what do they store?
3. What informaHon networks (communicaHon) components does it contain?
4. What smaller informaHon systems does it contain? If any? Usually describes ICT Infrastructure (technology)!
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 87
What are the components inside an InformaHon System
• InformaHon Processing Components – People, calculators, sokware on computers, other devices…
• InformaHon Storage Components – Paper, folders, filing cabinets, computer memory, Flash drives, databases on disks, …
• InformaHon (CommunicaHon) Networks – Sneaker-‐net, telephone, postal service, Internet, intranet, …
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 88
A Step-‐By-‐Step Process for Describing InformaHon Systems
• Step 1 – Provide General DescripHon of IS – Name, overall funcHon, users, user tasks
• Step 2 – Describe External View of IS – Find inputs, outputs, high-‐level processsing, boundary
• Step 3 – Draw an External View Diagram – Draw input arrows, circle system, output arrows …
• Step 4 – Describe Internal View of IS – Find informaHon processors and stores, networks
• Step 5 – Draw an Internal View Diagram – Draw cube processors, cylinder stores, link networks…
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 89
A Format for a document Describing InformaHon Systems
1. General DescripHon – Title, descripHon of overall funcHon, list of users and funcHons they use or
tasks they perform with the system, instance details 2. External DescripHon
– List of users and the named inputs they provide and/or outputs they receive, descripHon of system boundary
3. External View Diagram – External informaHon focus – input and outputs as arrows with user and
input/outputs respecHvely, named informaHon system as a circle 4. Internal DescripHon
– List of named informaHon processors and informaHon stores, and any significant networks
5. Internal View Diagram – Internal ICT focus – informaHon processor and stores and networks
6. Further Notes 7. References
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 90
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
School of IS, Curtin © 14
Simple Example – Video Store InformaHon System DescripHon
• Task – describe the informaHon system that exists within a Video Store Business.
• Overview – A video store is a business that rents and sells videos (usually DVD movies) as well as computer games and snack food
– Modern video stores use sokware systems but they sHll employ people and maintains some paper-‐based documentaHon
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 91
1. General DescripHon …
• Name – Video Store InformaHon System (VSIS)
• NB: Oken use an acronym to make it easier to refer to the informaHon system, rather than using full name.
• Overall FuncHon – Processes and stores all the informaHon required for the video store to provide a video rental and sales service to its customers
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 92
1. General DescripHon
• Users and FuncHons – Customer – rent, return, and query videos; buy videos and snack food; query video availability
– Head Office IS – collect sales informaHon, provide details of new videos being shipped to store etc.
– Postal System -‐ receives leQers to be delivered to customers with overdue videos.
• Instance – E.g. BlockBuster Video Store InformaHon System
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 93
Importance of the Boundary of an InformaHon System
• The boundary of an informaHon system determines what is inside and what is outside of the informaHon system
• As a result it determines what are the input and what are the outputs, as well as what informaHon processing and storage occurs.
• Consider the boundary carefully when describing an informaHon systems (don’t make it too small or too big)!
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 94
VSIS Boundary Which boundary to use?
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 95
Video Store Clerk
Video Rental
Processor Customer Customer
Information A Information B Information C
Option 1
Video Store Clerk
Video Rental
Processor Customer Customer
Information A Information B Information C
Option 2
Video Store Clerk
Video Rental
Processor Customer Customer
Information A Information B Information C
Option 3
2. External DescripHon • Inputs
– From Customer • Customer Details, Video Query Details, Video Rental Details, Payment Details
– From Head Office • New Video Details
• Outputs – To Customer
• Video Rental Details, Video Query Result, Cost, Receipt InformaHon
– To Head Office IS • Sales Details
– To Post Office • Delivery Details (on leQers) • Message (inside leQers)
• Boundary – Video Store Clerk is inside the informaHon system – Customer is outside the informaHon system
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 96
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
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3. VSIS – External View Diagram Customer
Customer Details Video Search Details
Payment Details
BIS100 97 What are IS and TI?
Head Office IS New Video Details
Video Store InformaHon System (VSIS)
Head Office IS Sales Details
Postal Service Delivery Details
Message
Customer Rental Details
Query Results Receipt Details
4. Internal DescripHon
• InformaHon Processors – Store Clerk processes customer requests – Store Personal Computer (PC) tracks sales & rental
• InformaHon Stores – Filing Cabinet stores completed registraHon forms – Database stores videos and rental details
• Networks – Human network? Phone network?
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 98
5. VSIS – Internal View Diagram
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 99
Store Clerk
VS Sokware on PC
Database
Filing Cabinet
InformaHon Systems Design and DescripHon
• General and External Design and DescripHon – Key task performed by InformaHon Systems Professionals
• Business Analyst • Systems Analyst
• Internal Design and DescripHon – Key task performed by InformaHon Systems Professionals
• Systems Architects • Systems Developers
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 100
Informa*on Systems Descrip*on Assignment NOW AVAILABLE!
• Please see: BIS100 Blackboard > Assessment > Assignment
• You NEED to read the following documents 1. IS DescripHon Framework
• See PDFs in Resources secHon of Learning Unit 2
2. IS DescripHon Assignment • See PDFs in Assignment secHon of Assessments
Due Week 6 – Start Now! BIS100 What are IS and TI? 101
IS DESCRIPTION ACTIVITY What are IS and TI?
BIS100 103 What are IS and TI?
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
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Task – Describe a simple Calculator InformaHon System
• With a buddy (or on your own) follow the IS DescripHon Process to quickly sketch a simple descripHon of a simple calculator IS.
• Remember: 1. You only need to describe the *informaHon*
aspects of the system 2. You may simplify your system by ignoring
complex operaHons
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 104
Task – Describe an AutomaHc Teller Machine (ATM)
InformaHon System • With a buddy (or on your own) follow the IS DescripHon Process to quickly sketch a simple descripHon of an ATM / cash point etc.
• Remember: 1. You only need to describe the *informaHon*
aspects of the system 2. Don’t forget the “Main Bank Computer” and it’s
easiest to think of it as external to the ATM IS. 3. You may simplify your system by ignoring
complex operaHons BIS100 What are IS and TI? 105
CAREERS IN IT What are IS and TI?
BIS100 What are IS and TI? 107
Careers in IT are Professional Careers
BIS100 108 What are IS and TI?
What do IS Professionals do?
Develop, manage, and support information systems to help businesses succeed.
BIS100 109 What are IS and TI?
Analyse the Business
BIS100 110 What are IS and TI?
Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?
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Design the InformaHon Systems
BIS100 111 What are IS and TI?
Work with People
BIS100 112 What are IS and TI?
Manage the InformaHon Systems
BIS100 113 What are IS and TI?
Careers in InformaHon Systems (IS)
• InformaHon Systems Support • InformaHon Systems Developer • Data Modeller • … • Business Analyst • Systems Analyst or Architect • InformaHon Systems Project Manager • Chief InformaHon Officer (CIO) BIS100 What are IS and TI? 114
What does the “IS Department” in businesses do?
• The group of people in an organisaHon that designs, deploys, supports, and manages the InformaHon Systems with an organisaHon.
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What do TI Professionals do?
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Design, manage, and support the ICT Infrastructure that runs the business information systems.
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Work with Technology
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Work with People
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Support Users
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Manage the TI
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Careers in ICT Infrastructure (TI)
• Technology Worker • Help Desk • Training • … • ICT Specialist • ICT Project Manager • Chief InformaHon Officer (CIO)
BIS100 121 What are IS and TI?
What does the “IT Department” in business do?
• The group of people in an organisaHon that builds, deploys, supports, and manages the InformaHon and CommunicaHons Technology Infrastructure (TI) within an organisaHon.
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Other IT Areas & Careers
• Computer Science – The science of compuHng …
• Sokware Engineering – The engineering of large sokware systems …
• Computer Engineering – The engineering of computer-‐related hardware …
• …
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Computer ScienHsts BIS100 What are IS and TI? 124
Academia Industry
Sokware & Computer Engineers
Academia Industry
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IS and TI Professionals
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Working close with the business. Here to stay!
The bridge between Business and Technology
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The job of IS and TI Professionals
Where are the different IT Professionals in businesses?
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Business Executives
IS Management TI Management
IS Specialist TI Specialist
SE Specialist TI Specialist
Business EducaHon
IS EducaHon
SE EducaHon
Business EducaHon
TI EducaHon
CS / CE EducaHon
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Other “C-‐Level” ExecuHves • Chief Technology Officer (CTO) – IT Product Leader
– Leads development of IT products • Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) – Knowledge Leader
– Leads management of knowledge within business • Chief Financial Officer (CFO) – Money Man
– Not IT specific but controls the purse strings • Chief OperaHons Officer (COO) – OperaHons Manager
– Not IT specific but hands in all places • Chief ExecuHve Officer – Boss of the Business
– Oken also plays the role of CIO, CKO, CTO, …
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Kinds of organisaHons employing IT Graduates
– Small & Medium Enterprise (SMEs) • Most employ some ICT support
– Large (MulHnaHonal) Companies • IS and/or IT Departments
– Government Departments • Local, State, and Federal
– …
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Companies employing IS and TI Graduates
• IS / TI Companies (All IS and TI Roles) – IBM, CSC, Dell, Oracle,...
• UHlity Companies (All IS and TI Roles) – Synergy, Water CorporaHon, …
• Banks (All IS and TI Roles) – CBA, ANZ, Westpac, …
• ConsulHng Firms (Business/Systems Analysts) – Accenture, DeloiQe, ...
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What you DO need to be an IS or TI Professional
• An excellent understanding of INFORMATION
• An excellent understanding of TECHNOLOGY
• An excellent understanding of BUSINESS
• An excellent understanding of PEOPLE
• And excellent interpersonal and communicaHon skills (wriQen, spoken, presentaHon)
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What you DO NOT need to be an IS or TI Professional
• To be a “geek,” a “hacker,” a “technical guru”, a “hardware expert,” “a programming expert,” …
• ... but it helps to have some of these qualiHes or tendencies.
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InternaHonal OpportuniHes
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IS AND TI CAREERS ACTIVITY What are IS and TI?
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How would you categorise the Business / Systems Analyst’s job?
• InformaHon System (IS) job • ICT Infrastructure (TI) job • Equal parts of the above … • Something else … • I don’t know …
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How would you categorise a Network Support Specialist’s job?
• InformaHon System (IS) job • ICT Infrastructure (TI) job • Equal parts of the above … • Something else … • I don’t know …
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How would you categorise a Chief ExecuHve Officer’s job?
• InformaHon System (IS) job • ICT Infrastructure (TI) job • Equal parts of the above … • Something else … • I don’t know …
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SUMMARY … of the lecture!
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Summary of What are IS and TI?
• InformaHon Systems (IS) are systems that process and store (and retrieve) informaHon.
• ICT Infrastructure (TI) is the informaHon and communicaHon technology that runs the informaHon systems.
• A business is a system that contains other systems, including informaHon systems which may contain sokware systems.
• IS and TI careers are professional careers that work closely with the business (especially senior execuHves)
• InformaHon System DescripHon : 1. General DescripHon, 2. External DescripHon, 3. External View Diagram , 4. Internal DescripHon, 5. Internal View Diagram
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CHALLENGE TOPICS (OPTIONAL) … to stretch you!
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Challenge Topics (OpHonal)
• Examine in depth the different types of InformaHon Systems (as touched on in the lecture and shown in the full slides).
• Compare and contrast Computer Science, Sokware Engineering, and Computer Engineering (as discussed in full slides) with IS and TI.
• Examine in depth the concepts of control and feedback in informaHon systems (see textbook) and where these concepts are most important.
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AddiHonal Resources (OpHonal)
• Check out Wikipedia’s (www.wikipedia.org) entries for: – InformaHon Systems – InformaHon Technology
• How do the definiHons in there relate to the definiHons given in this lecture?
• Who writes the entries for Wikipedia and are they always correct?
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What you need to do?
1. Before the Next Workshop 1. Complete the previous workshop’s worksheet
and submit it online. 2. Complete the next workshop’s pre-‐workshop
acHviHes (i.e. reading, reviewing, and quiz). 3. Bring any quesHons that arise from these tasks
to the workshop!
2. Before the Next Lecture 1. Read the appropriate learning unit / specified
chapters in the textbook. BIS100 What are IS and TI? 149
THE END Thank You and Good Day! Next Lecture: CreaHng Business Value with IT
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