LEARNING TARGETLEARNING TARGET

I will determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing from a variety of strategies.

Warm upWarm up

Guess what the underlined word means?1. Children who are hyperactive are easily distracted; teachers should make sure there are no distractions to keep them focused.

2. She’s resilient, not weak.

Context Clues: You be the Detective

Context CluesContext Clues

As you read along, write down the As you read along, write down the underlined phrases to complete your underlined phrases to complete your notes. You will then paste or staple notes. You will then paste or staple your CLOZE notes in your interactive your CLOZE notes in your interactive notebook.notebook.

Context Clues – What Are They?

• Context clue is information from the text that help you to decide the meaning of unknown words in the story or article you are reading.

• As a reader you must act similar to a detective and put together clues from sentences surrounding an unknown word in order to make an intelligent “guess” or “infer” what the definition of a word is.

Context Clues – How Do They Help You Read New Words?

• Textbook writers and authors include words or phrases to help their readers understand the meaning of a new or difficult word.

Still Wondering What a Still Wondering What a Context Clue Is?Context Clue Is?

Click on the link below to watch a Click on the link below to watch a video clip. Pay careful attention to video clip. Pay careful attention to what the song tells youwhat the song tells you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6spWj7Ol3x0

https://www.flocabulary.com/context-clues/

Types of Context CluesTypes of Context Clues

Authors use many different Authors use many different types of context clues when types of context clues when writing texts. writing texts.

Five Types of Context Clues

1. Definition/Explanation Clues2. Restatement/Synonym Clues3. Contrast/Antonym Clues4. Inference/General Clues5. Punctuation

1. Definition/Explanation Clues

• Sometimes a word’s or phrase’s meaning is explained immediately after its use.

• Example: “Haberdashery, which is a store that sells men’s clothing, is becoming more common today.

2. Restatement/Synonym Clues

• Sometimes a hard word or phrase is said in a simple way.

• Example: “Lou was sent to the haberdashery to find a new suit. He needed to wear it for his uncle’s wedding.”

• Because the sentence says that Lou would find a suit at the haberdashery, then it must be a place where clothes for men are sold.

3. Contrast/Antonym Clues

• Sometimes a word of phrase is clarified by the presentation of the opposite meaning somewhere close to it. Look for signal words when applying context clues.

• Example: “Lou wanted to go to the haberdashery, but Ann wanted to shop at the boutique.”

• The signal word but tells the reader that an opposite thought is going to be stated.

4. Inference/General Context Clues

• Sometimes a word or phrase is not immediately clarified within the same sentence. Meaning must be inferred or implied. The reader must look for clues within, before, and after the sentence in which the word is used.

• Example: “The haberdashery was Lou’s favorite place. He loved shopping for nice suits. The people who worked there were so kind and helpful.”

5. Punctuation• Readers can also use clues of punctuation and type style to infer

meaning, such as quotation marks (showing the word has a special meaning), dashes, parentheses, or brackets (enclosing a definition), italics (showing the word will be defined), or a comma before defining the word.

• Examples: – Tom’s father was a haberdasher, or men’s shop keeper, in the

story.– Tom’s father was a haberdasher (men’s shop keeper) in the

story.– In the story, Tom’s father was a haberdasher – or men’s shop

keeper.– Tom’s father was a “haberdasher”. He had a clothing store for

men.

CONTEXT CLUESPRACTICEPRACTICE

Read the passage and complete the chart:

WordWord Definition Context ClueContext Clue Type of clueType of clue

Direct definition context cluesDirect definition context clues are are words that say, “Stop - don’t touch that words that say, “Stop - don’t touch that

dictionary. The definition of the word you dictionary. The definition of the word you don’t know is right here in the text!" don’t know is right here in the text!"

EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES: There are many There are many theoriestheories, , oror ideasideas, ,

about what made the Ice Ages happen.about what made the Ice Ages happen. In this sentence the word “ideas” tells us In this sentence the word “ideas” tells us

that that theoriestheories are different thoughts people are different thoughts people have about something.have about something.

After a time, After a time, glaciersglaciers, , or slowly or slowly moving rivers of icemoving rivers of ice, , formed over formed over many parts of the Earth.many parts of the Earth.

In this sentence the words “slowly moving In this sentence the words “slowly moving rivers of ice” tell us what rivers of ice” tell us what glaciersglaciers are. are.

Synonym context cluesSynonym context clues are words around a are words around a difficult word that mean the same or nearly difficult word that mean the same or nearly

the same as the word. the same as the word.

EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES:

After seeing the picture of the starving After seeing the picture of the starving children, we felt children, we felt compassioncompassion or pity for or pity for their suffering.their suffering.

In this sentence the word “pity” tells us that In this sentence the word “pity” tells us that compassioncompassion means to have understanding for. means to have understanding for.

Mary Mary admonishedadmonished her students and they her students and they knew they were in hot water for their knew they were in hot water for their actions.actions.

In this sentence the words “in hot water” tell us In this sentence the words “in hot water” tell us that that admonishedadmonished means cautioned or scolded. means cautioned or scolded.

Antonym context cluesAntonym context clues are words around a are words around a difficult word that mean the opposite or difficult word that mean the opposite or

nearly the opposite as the word. nearly the opposite as the word.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

Joe was Joe was reluctantreluctant to take the job of captain to take the job of captain of the team. He was afraid that the time it of the team. He was afraid that the time it would take would hurt his grades. On the would take would hurt his grades. On the other hand, Billy was eager for the chance other hand, Billy was eager for the chance to be the team captain.to be the team captain.

In this sentence the words “on the other hand” In this sentence the words “on the other hand” and “eager” tell us that Billy feels the opposite of and “eager” tell us that Billy feels the opposite of Joe, therefore, Joe, therefore, reluctantreluctant means uncertain or means uncertain or cautious.cautious.

Now it is your turn to be a detective and follow

the clues!

Use what you have learned about context clues to complete the activity on the next 5 slides.

Context Clues Practice ActivityContext Clues Practice ActivityYour friend Ryan has moved to a new country and is Your friend Ryan has moved to a new country and is learning a new language. Read what he wrote in his learning a new language. Read what he wrote in his

diary and see if you can figure out the meaning to the diary and see if you can figure out the meaning to the underlined words.underlined words.

Dear Diary,Dear Diary,

I overslept this morning. I had to eat my bowl of I overslept this morning. I had to eat my bowl of poof-poof-poofspoofs very quickly, and I almost missed the very quickly, and I almost missed the tramzamtramzam. When I got . When I got to school, I realized I had forgotten my to school, I realized I had forgotten my zilgpingzilgping . Luckily, Ms. Jutzi . Luckily, Ms. Jutzi is very is very zooshzoosh, , and told me I could bring it tomorrow.and told me I could bring it tomorrow.

After school, some friends and I played After school, some friends and I played plingmingplingming. It’s a . It’s a new game I am learning. We scored 7 points and they only scored new game I am learning. We scored 7 points and they only scored 5 points, so we were the 5 points, so we were the zoiterszoiters!!

Dad says that next weekend we’re going to the Dad says that next weekend we’re going to the fladderfladder . I . I can’t wait! I love to swim and play in the sand. I hope I don’t get a can’t wait! I love to swim and play in the sand. I hope I don’t get a sunburn though.sunburn though.

Well, I better go to bed soon. I don’t want to wake up late Well, I better go to bed soon. I don’t want to wake up late again and miss my again and miss my tramzamtramzam!!

Until tomorrow,Until tomorrow,RyanRyan

1. The archeologist carefully removed the tometome from its ancient resting and proceeded to read the pages related to marriage in ancient Greece.What does the word What does the word tometome probably mean? probably mean?a. Pen b. weapon c. book d. sausage

2. The Navajo language is an unwritten language of extremecomplexity with no alphabet or symbols, and is spoken only onthe lands of the Navajo Nation in the American Southwest. DuringWorld War II a Navajo code was created for the U.S. Navy. This code was virtuallyvirtually undecipherable to anyone except Navajospeaking persons.What does the word What does the word virtuallyvirtually probably mean? probably mean?a. Pleasant b. almost c. never d. always

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3. Lakes occupy less than two percent of the Earth’s surface, yet

they help sustainsustain life. For instance, lakes give us fish to eat, irrigate

crops, and generate electrical power.

What does the word sustain sustain probably mean? a. support b. obstruct c. prolong d. destroy

4. The ancient Greeks pioneeredpioneered many of the kinds of writing weconsider standard today. They wrote speeches, plays, poems, books about science and learning, long histories of the thingsthat happened to them.What does the word pioneered probably mean?a. complicated b. developed c. destroyed d. explored

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5. Fifty-five mostly prominentprominent, male delegates attended the Philadelphia Convention in 1787. About seventy-five percent of the delegates had served in Congress and others were important people in their home states. These men are often referred to as the Framers of the Constitution.

What does the word prominentprominent probably mean? a. unimportant b. unknown c. common d. important

6. Bats that eat fruit and nectar spread seeds and help flowers grow. Without bats many important plants would not thrivethrive.

What does the word thrive probably mean? a. flourish b. die c. wither d. deteriorate

CONTEXT CLUESWarm upWarm up