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Learning Styles
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LEARNING STYLES
Learning styles refer to a range of challenging and
contested theories that aim to account for differences in
individuals learning. These theories propose that all people can
be classified according to their ‘style’ of learning. Although the
various theories present differing views on how the styles
should be defined and categorized. A common concept is that
individuals differ in how they learn.
Learning styles are different ways of taking in and
understanding information. These ways are affected by age,
experience, physiology, culture, and may other factors.
SINCE EVERYONE LEARNS DIFFERENTLY,
UNDERSTANDING LEARNING STYLES. YOU WILL BECOME
AWARE OF HOW EACH PERSON’S BRAIN LEARNS BEST.
The way a person preface to learn is called his/ her “
Learning Style.”
There is no right or wrong, good or bad learning style.
A person’s learning style has nothing to do with intelligence
or skills.
VAK LEARNING STYLESONE TYPE OF LEARNING STYLE FRAME WORK DIVIDES LEARNING INTO THREE PREFERENCES: VISUAL, AUDITORY, AND KINESTHETIC, APTLY NAMED VAK
Visual Learners - learn by sight
Auditory Learners - learn by hearing
Tactile Learners( kinesthetic ) - learn by touch.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VISUAL LEARNERS
• Prefer to see information such as pictures, diagrams, cartoons,
and demonstrations.
• They picture words and concepts they hear as image.
• They are easily distracted in lecture with no visual aids.
• Overwhelmed with intense visuals accompanied by lecture.
• Benefit from using charts, maps, notes, and flash cards when
studying.
SUGGESTED LEARNING METHODS
Take lecture notes
Underline, highlight, or circle printed material
Borrow others’ notes, compare to own.
Draw pictures in notes to illustrate concepts.
Use a variety of colors – in pens, pencils, markers,
highlighters, paper, etc. for different categories or concepts.
Write it out!
Draw out ideas.
Work with many colors
Use outlines, pictures, graphs, charts, and diagrams.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AUDITORY LEARNERS
• Prefer to hear information spoken
•Can absorb a lecture with little effort
•May not need careful notes to learn
•Often avoid eye contact in order to concentrate.
•May read aloud to themselves
•Like background music when they study
SUGGESTED LEARNING METHODSStudy in groups and talk things out
Work out problems aloud
Record lectures, tutoring and study group sessions, etc.
Read texts out loud( into recorder).
Listen to lecture/ text tapes while driving, walking etc.
Dictate papers, to be typed later.
Read questions aloud
Use word association
TACTILE OR KINESTHETIC LEARNERS
•Prefer touch as their primary mode for taking in information.
•In traditional lecture situations. They should write out important
facts.
•Create study sheets connected to vivid examples
•Role- playing can help them learn and remember important ideas
SUGGESTED LEARNING METHODS
Trace letters of words with finger ( to memorize spelling, for example)
Use finger as a guide while reading material
Take, and type out or rewrite class notes.
Get hands- on in science or computer labs, for example- don’t just
watch someone else do it.
Write out everything
Use models- of the human brain, DNA, etc
Draw charts or diagrams of relationships.
DAVID KOLB’S MODELKolb’s model outlines two related approaches towards grasping experience:
Concrete Experience and Abstract Conceptualization, as well as two related
approaches toward transforming experience: Reflective observation and Active
experimentation. According to Kolb's model, the ideal learning process engages
all four of t observation to conceptualization to experimentation and back to
experience. In order for learning to be effective, all four of these approaches must
be incorporated. As individuals attempt to use all four approaches. However, they
may tend to develop strength in one experience- grasping approach and one
experience- transforming approach, leading them to prefer one of the following
four learning styles:
David A. Kolb ( With Roger Fry) Created His Famous Out Of Four Elements. i.e. Its is a Cycle of Experiencing, Reflecting, Generalizing and Applying
KOLB’S EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING MODEL
Concrete experience(Feeling)
Reflective observation(Watching)
Abstract Conceptualization
(Thinking)
Active experimentation
(Doing)
Kolb explained, ‘ learning is the process whereby
knowledge is created through the transformation of
experience.’ Thus we can define experimental
learning as “ the sense- making process of active
engagement between the inner world of the person
and the outer world of the environment.”
USING THIS KOLB AND FRY PROCEEDED TO IDENTIFY
FOUR BASIC LEARNING STYLES.
Here, each style is being ‘locked into’ one style.
Converges are characterized by abstract conceptualization
and active experimentation. They are good at making
practical applications of ideas and using deductive
reasoning to solve problems.
Diverges tend toward concrete experience and reflective observation. They are imaginative and are good at coming up with ideas and seeing things from different perspectives.
Assimilators are characterized by abstract conceptualization and
reflective observation. They are capable of creating theoretical
models by means of inductive reasoning.
Accommodators use concrete experience and active experimentation. They are good at actively engaging with the world and actually doing things instead of merely reading about and studying them.
TABLE 2.1KOLB AND FRY ON LEARNING STYLES
Learning Style Learning Characteristic Description
Converger Abstract Conceptualization +Active Experimentation
• Strong in practical application of ideas• can focus hypo deductive reasoning on specific problems.•Unemotional•Has narrow interests.
Diverger Concrete Experience+Reflective Observation
• strong in imaginative ability• good at generating ideas and seeing things from different perspectives•Interested in people.•Broad cultural interests
Assimilator Abstract Conceptualisation+Reflective Observation
• Strong ability to create theoretical models.
• Excels in inductive reasoning
• Concerned with abstract concepts rather than people.
Accommodator Concrete Experience+Active Experimentation
• greatest strength is doing things• more of a risk taker•Performs well when required to react to immediate circumstances.•Solves problems intuitively