Learning Objects for Web-Learning Objects for Web-Based and Web-Enhanced Based and Web-Enhanced

InstructionInstructionMike CiprianiMike Cipriani

First, Some Background…First, Some Background…What’s the difference between What’s the difference between web-basedweb-based and and web-enhancedweb-enhanced

instruction?instruction?

Web-based instruction involves educational activities that take place exclusively via computerized course delivery, generally through the internet.

Web-enhanced instruction is when classroom activities use computers, again generally the internet, to augment the learning process.

Three Important Definitions related to Web-Three Important Definitions related to Web-Based & Web-Enhanced InstructionBased & Web-Enhanced Instruction

Information = material communicated Information = material communicated through a flow of messages to a learnerthrough a flow of messages to a learner

Instruction = information that is Instruction = information that is deliberately sequenced to create a deliberately sequenced to create a learning opportunitylearning opportunity

Learning = the cognitive processing of Learning = the cognitive processing of information by the learner information by the learner

Web sites use Information and Web sites use Information and Instruction to stimulate learningInstruction to stimulate learning

Web sites deliver information, instruction and learning by using

learning objects

What is a Learning Object?What is a Learning Object?

The Learning Technology Standards The Learning Technology Standards Committee says:Committee says:

"[A]ny entity, digital or non-digital, that may "[A]ny entity, digital or non-digital, that may be used for learning, education or training”be used for learning, education or training”

For our purposes, this definition is too…

We need something more specific….

For This Context, What is a For This Context, What is a Learning Object?Learning Object?

We will use Wiley’s definition:We will use Wiley’s definition:

““Any digital resource that can be reused to support Any digital resource that can be reused to support learning”learning”

Key Words in Wiley’s Definition:

Digital = available in electronic form; readable and manipulable by computer.

Reused = use again after processing

Thus, we are narrowing our working definition of Learning Objects to those used in web-based & web-enhanced instruction.

Five Types of Learning ObjectsFive Types of Learning Objects

FundamentalFundamental

Combined-ClosedCombined-Closed

Combined-OpenCombined-Open

Generative-PresentationGenerative-Presentation

Generative-InstructionalGenerative-Instructional

FundamentalFundamental

An individual digital resource, usually a An individual digital resource, usually a visual aid that conveys informationvisual aid that conveys informationExample: A diagram of the internal parts of Example: A diagram of the internal parts of a computera computer

http://www.discount-computers-now.com/images/build-your-own-computer-pic.jpg

Combined-ClosedCombined-Closed

A small number of digital resources A small number of digital resources combined with a single purpose and combined with a single purpose and whose individual elements are not whose individual elements are not reusable from the object itself reusable from the object itself

Example: A video explaining how to install Example: A video explaining how to install an IDE internal hard drivean IDE internal hard drive

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bt7ve7IeAGE

Combined-OpenCombined-Open

A large number of digital resources A large number of digital resources combined for a purpose whose elements combined for a purpose whose elements are reusable as separate learning objects are reusable as separate learning objects

Example: An informational web pageExample: An informational web page

http://history.sandiego.edu/GEN/recording/computer1.html

Generative-PresentationGenerative-Presentation

A combination of learning objects in a specific A combination of learning objects in a specific structure that generates a presentation for structure that generates a presentation for instruction or referenceinstruction or reference

Example: A page of links to tutorials that Example: A page of links to tutorials that together teach the Java programming languagetogether teach the Java programming language

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/

Generative-InstructionalGenerative-Instructional

A combination of learning objects in a specific A combination of learning objects in a specific structure that generates an abstract instructional structure that generates an abstract instructional strategy and means to assess itstrategy and means to assess it

Example: A tutorial with interactive practice and Example: A tutorial with interactive practice and quizzes for learning HTMLquizzes for learning HTML

http://www.w3schools.com/html/

References & Additional Info.References & Additional Info.

http://opencontent.org/wiki/index.php?http://opencontent.org/wiki/index.php?title=Learning_Object_Metaphorstitle=Learning_Object_Metaphorshttp://www.eurodl.org/materials/contrib/2005/Santally.htmhttp://www.eurodl.org/materials/contrib/2005/Santally.htmhttp://www.minddrops.com/Talks/innovations2002boston.htmhttp://www.minddrops.com/Talks/innovations2002boston.htmhttp://opencontent.org/docs/lo_do.pdfhttp://opencontent.org/docs/lo_do.pdfhttp://www.reusability.org/read/#1http://www.reusability.org/read/#1http://technologysource.org/article/http://technologysource.org/article/preparing_teachers_to_use_learning_objects/preparing_teachers_to_use_learning_objects/http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CIE/AOP/LO_what.htmlhttp://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CIE/AOP/LO_what.htmlGrabowski, B. and Small, R. (1997). "Information, Instruction and Grabowski, B. and Small, R. (1997). "Information, Instruction and Learning: A Hypermedia Perspective". Learning: A Hypermedia Perspective". Performance Improvement Performance Improvement Quarterly,Quarterly, 10(1), pp.156-166 10(1), pp.156-166