Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Learning Objectives:
•To know the role of the kidney• To be able to label a diagram of the human excretory system•To be able to label a section through the kidney and a nephron•To understand the role of ADH and interpret data about the presence of substances during the passage through the kidney
To regulate the volume and composition of body fluids, removing waste products from the body and expelling the waste and excess water from the body in the form of
urine.
Your kidneys remove the poisonous substances which your cells produce.
Our bodies break down the protein in our food into amino acids. The diagram shows what happens to these amino acids:
Some are used for
growth and repair
Some are not used – they are broken down in
the liver
Urea is made in the liver from amino acids. Urea is a poisonous substance. Your
kidneys remove it from your blood. They also remove excess salt (ions) from your blood. The urea and salts are dissolved in
water to make a liquid called urine.
• The kidneys filter about 1.3 litres of blood a minute.
• All the body’s blood flows through the kidneys every 10 minutes, so blood is filtered 150 times a day.
The renal artery carries ‘dirty’ blood (with
waste) into the kidneys
The renal artery carries ‘dirty’ blood (with
waste) into the kidneys
The renal vein carries cleaned
blood away from the kidneys
The renal vein carries cleaned
blood away from the kidneys
The bladder is a bag that stores
urine
The bladder is a bag that stores
urine
Ureters are tubes which
carry urine to the bladder
Ureters are tubes which
carry urine to the bladder
The urethra is a tube which
carries urine out of your
body
The urethra is a tube which
carries urine out of your
body
The kidneys remove urea
and other waste
The kidneys remove urea
and other waste
The sphincter is a ring of muscle that keeps the bladder closed until you go to
the toilet
The sphincter is a ring of muscle that keeps the bladder closed until you go to
the toilet
Renal arteryRenal artery
Renal veinRenal vein
UreterUreter
MedullaMedulla
CortexCortex
PelvisPelvis
Nephron within
the kidney
Nephron within
the kidney
Collecting duct
Collecting duct
Capillary knotCapillary knot
Bowmans capsule
Bowmans capsule
TubuleTubule
Capillary networkCapillary network
‘Dirty blood’
Bowman’s Capsule
Useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood
Urine(urea and water) Urine
‘Cleanedblood’
Capillary
Tubule
Urine goes to the
bladderUseful substances Urine
The diagram below shows a flattened section of the nephron
‘Dirty blood’
Bowman’s Capsule
Useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood
Urine(urea and water) Urine
‘Cleanedblood’
Capillary
Tubule
Urine goes to the
bladderUseful substances Urine
Blood is filtered through the capillary knot. Nearly all the blood except red
cells filters through into the nephron
The liquid in the nephron contains
useful substances like glucose and vitamins.
These are then absorbed back into
the blood (reabsorbed).
The liquid left in the nephron is urine. It contains urea and water and other
unwanted substances. It then goes through the collecting duct and ureters to the
bladder.
Complete the postcard to explain your journey through the excretory system. You are a water molecule travelling through the blood.
Celia
Ciliated Epithelial Cells
Urinary TractFront of Postcard
Back of Postcard
Dear Celia the Ciliated Epithelial Cell, I have been on the most incredible journey! It all started when…
Wish you were here…
• If there is too little water in your blood then the body detects this and the pituitary gland produces anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
• ADH increases the permeabilityof the tubules, and allows the kidneys toreabsorb more water, making a more concentrated urine.
• The more ADH, the more concentrated the urine.
Too much water in body
Too little water in body
Water in urine
Urine colour
Presence of ADH
A little Yellow
Colourless
A lot
Drag the boxes below to complete the table
More ADH
Less ADH
Time after drinking (mins) Time after drinking (mins)
Volu
me o
f uri
ne (
ml)
Salt
conce
ntr
ati
on (
ml)
------ normal level
Produce a leaflet for someone with a kidney problem, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of the use of dialysis or transplantation. Remember to use science to explain the procedures and remember to use more
than 2 sources of information to improve the reliability.
• To know the role of the kidney
• To be able to label a diagram of the human excretory system
• To be able to label a section through the kidney and a nephron
• To understand the role of ADH and interpret data about the presence of substances during the passage through the kidney
Learning outcomes
Click on the link to learn how to produce your own at home
