LEARNING LOG:

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A

FEDERALIST AND AN ANTI-FEDERALIST?

Quick and Easy

BYZANTINE EMPIREMUSLIM EMPIRE

MIDDLE AGES

BYZANTINE EMPIRE; THE HIGHLITES

• Constantine splits the Roman Empire into two sides: Western Empire and the Eastern Empire

• After the Western Empire falls, the Eastern Empire becomes known as the Byzantine Empire

• Byzantine Empire flourishes for a 1000+ years after West falls

• Emperor Justinian comes to power and models the Byzantine Empire after Rome; he helps his empire to flourish by learning from Rome’s mistakes. Justinian Codes are used in many countries today

• Empire falls to the Ottomans in the mid- 1400s

BYZANTINE EMPIRE; LIFE UNDER JUSTINIAN

• Justinian worked to expand empire; both in land and population

• Keeps Roman laws, yet adds new laws to protect citizens’ rights (esp women)

• Promises all citizens will remain innocent until proven guilty by courts– used today!

• Chose people for jobs based on abilities, not class

• Unites church and government; citizens practice Christian religion and therefore there’s no power struggle

• Wife Theodora encourages equal rights for all citizens– regardless of sex, social status, family name..

• Language from Latin to Greek

• Starts the Byzantine silk industry, which ends China’s silk monopoly and helps the Byzantine economy

CHRISTIAN RELIGION ISSUES--- AGAIN!

• Western Empire and Eastern Empire divides over their different beliefs

• Few people in Western Europe could read or write, therefore they could not read scriptures/ passages of the Christian Message

• Illiterate Christians began to pray to God through icons and holy pictures of Jesus and the saints

• Overtime, Christians prayed to the icons and not to God, and Eastern Empire believed this broke one of the 10 commandments

• In 726, Emperor Leo ordered all icons to be destroyed

• Empress Irene (780-802) allows the West to use the icons as long as they prayed to God

• Results in West becoming Roman Catholic, and East becoming Eastern Orthodox

MUSLIM EMPIRE

MUSLIM MESSAGE

• Arab boy named Muhammad becomes unhappy with tribe’s idol worshiping

• Spends time in deep thought in caves, and on one occasion is visited by the angel Gabriel, who encourages him to become the Muslim messenger

• Message; believers should worship one God, named Allah, not icons or many gods

• Muhammad spreads the Muslim religion through teaching and examples

• Over the next 20 years, Muhammad receives more messages, and puts them altogether to form the Qur'an

MUSLIM EMPIRE EXPANDS

• Mecca, an important stop on trading routes, becomes threatened by Muslim beliefs.

• Meccans force Muslims to give up their beliefs– Muslims defeat Meccans and destroy idols- then Mecca becomes the holy city for Muslims (still used today)

• Persians and Byzantines welcomed Muslims, believing the invaders would free them of heavy taxes and their own religious issues

• By 750AD, Muslim Empire stretches from Arabia, Spain, N. Africa, parts of China and parts of the Indus River Valley

• Muslim Empire splits: *still have issues today• Sunni– accepted changing dynasties• Shiites– remained loyal to Ali (leader after Muhammad)

• Achievements include– art, science, many languages, math, making of paper (Chinese), successful trade, beautiful Mosques, followers since 7th century

MIDDLE AGES

MIDDLE AGES

• From 500AD to 1500Ad, aka Medieval Period

• As Roman Empire began to fall, northern tribes united, and the greatest tribe was known as the Franks (today’s France)

• After the Pope crowned him emperor, Charlemagne brought new life to the dying lands of Rome through:

• Expanding empire’s lands• Promoting cooperation among government, and citizens• Establishing fair expectations from all• Teaching the importance about law, religion, trade and

education

FEUDAL SYSTEM

• System of trading protection

• People used other peoples’ lands, and in return were promised protection

• Manor= land blocks

• Serfs= poor, peasants, lower class. Worked on other peoples’ lands, but did not own it– known as a tenant

• Noble’s= lived on the land serf’s worked on. Performed services for the king in return for the land

• King= highest class

Draw picture to explain

BUBONIC PLAGUE

Ring Around the Rosie

MAGNA CARTA

• Great Charter

• Explains no-one is above the law, no even the king

• Protects freedoms of everyone

• Rights for a trial by jury

BUBONIC PLAGUE