Learning about - Macmillan Publishers · 4 Use [10.14] to complete the following tasks: ... d Calculate the balance of merchandise trade for Australia and its top ten trading partners

Copyright © Brian Parker, Kate Lanceley, Debra Owens, Rebecca Fitzpatrick 2004. Published by Macmillan Education Australia. Unauthorised copying prohibited.

Chapter 10 Trading places: Austral ia’s trade l inks

Geography for Austral ian Citizens

Learning about …1 Explain what is meant by the term ‘trade’.

2 Complete the survey [10.2] based on everyday school items to illustrate the concept of trade.

3 How do countries gain a competitive advantage in trade?

4 What is GDP? How does trade contribute to GDP?

5 Outline the benefits of exports for employment.

6 Can we import without exporting? Explain your answer.

7 How does exporting make Australia less vulnerable to global economic conditions?

PAGE252

List the country in which the following items were made:1 School shoes ___________________2 School uniform ___________________3 Pens ___________________4 Pencils ___________________5 Pencil case ___________________6 Ruler ___________________7 Eraser ___________________8 Correction fluid ___________________9 Calculator ___________________10 Binder/exercise books ___________________



Copyright © Brian Parker, Kate Lanceley, Debra Owens, Rebecca Fitzpatrick 2004. Published by Macmillan Education Australia. Unauthorised copying prohibited. Copyright © Brian Parker, Kate Lanceley, Debra Owens, Rebecca Fitzpatrick 2004. Published by Macmillan Education Australia. Unauthorised copying prohibited.



8 Why do you think exporting businesses are more successful than non-exporters?

Learning to …4 Use [10.3] to list the cultural, economic and geopolitical advantages of trade to

Australia.

Cultural Economic Geopolitical

5 In groups, brainstorm any disadvantages of international trade. Make a list using everyone’s ideas.

Learning about …1 Explain the term ‘globalisation’.

PAGE253

PAGE254






PAGE254

2 What is the WTO? What role does it play in relation to trade?

3 What factors have promoted international trade?

4 Explain the concepts of trade barriers and trade liberalisation.

5 What is a trading bloc? Give two examples.

6 What are the benefits for nations of being a signatory to a trading bloc or free trade agreement?

Learning to …1 Use an Internet search engine to research the name and member nations of four

major trading blocs.






PAGE259

2 As a class, develop a PMI (a table of Plus, Minus and Interesting facts) to outline the associated impacts of globalisation.

Plus Minus Interesting

Learning about …1 Discuss Australia’s role in world trade.

2 How has the composition of Australia’s export trade changed since the 1970s? Use information from [10.8] in your answer.

3 What is the difference between merchandise and services exports? Give examples of each.

4 a Discuss the importance of the Australian education system as an export industry.

b What do you think attracts so many international students to Australia to study particular courses?






PAGE259

c List the advantages of the policy to export education for Australia.

d Add two points to [10.11] that you think will attract international students to Australia.

5 Describe the composition of Australia’s imports using [10.12]. Include a discussion of merchandise and services imports.

6 Discuss the characteristics of the composition of merchandise imports in [10.13].

Learning to …1 Use [10.5] to complete the following tasks:

a Calculate Australia’s total exports for 2002.

b Calculate the proportion of merchandise exports of total exports.

c Construct a divided bar graph showing the proportion of merchandise and services exports.






2 a Using [10.8] and the Austrade website at <www.austrade.gov.au> copy and

complete the following table:

[10.15] Trade composition and exports, 2002

Trade composition Percentage of exports

Examples Destination

Primary

STMs

ETMs

Other

b Summarise the main features of your table in one page.

3 Using [10.9] answer true or false for these statements: a Coal exports increased between 2000 and 2002.

b Minerals and agricultural resources dominate Australia’s merchandise exports.

c The value of merchandise exports declined between 2001–02.

d The export of wool is valued at A$3.5 billion.

e The value of crude petroleum increased by A$1.3 billion.

4 Use [10.14] to complete the following tasks:a Outline three major changes in Australia’s merchandise imports between 2000

and 2002.

b Estimate the value of the following imports in 2002:

i computers

ii paper and paperboard.

c Calculate the proportion of these imports of total merchandise imports.






PAGE262

Learning about …1 How has the direction of Australia’s trade changed over the past century?

2 List five points to illustrate the importance of the Asia–Pacific region in terms of trade to Australia. Include information from [10.16] to [10.20] in your answer.

3 Rank and list the reasons for the change in the direction of Australia’s trade.

4 Use the Japan fact sheet [10.21] to analyse the significance of Japan as a trading partner.

5 Using [10.19], examine the significance of Asia as a major export market for Australia’s services.

Learning to …1 Use [10.17] and [10.20] to complete the following tasks:

a Rank the top five trading partners for Australia’s merchandise exports in 1901. Compare these rankings with the top five in 2000–01.

PAGE262






b What proportion of Australia’s top twenty trading partners for Australia’s merchandise exports were located in Asia in 2000–01?

c Describe the changes in the characteristics of Australia’s trade in merchandise imports between 1940–41 and 1950–51.

d Calculate the balance of merchandise trade for Australia and its top ten trading partners (that is, calculate the difference between exports and imports to determine whether there is a trade surplus or trade deficit) for 2000–01.

e Discuss the results of your calculations for the balance of merchandise trade for Australia’s top ten trading partners.

2 Use a country fact sheet from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website at <www.dfat.gov.au/geo/fs> to analyse the trading relationship between Australia and your chosen country.






PAGE268

Learning about …1 Outline the main trade focus of the Australian government.

2 How does the government actively foster and promote trade liberalisation?

4 Using [10.23], create a mind map to illustrate the cultural, economic and geopolitical advantages of WTO membership for Australia.

5 What is APEC and why is it significant to Australia?

6 In your own words write a paragraph outlining APEC’s role in the region.






7 List three points to illustrate the power of APEC.

8 What are the Bogor liberalisation goals? Why do you think the time frame for less and more developed member nations varies?

9 Counter-terrorism has become a priority for APEC. Do you think this should be the role of APEC? Give reasons for your answer.

10 Develop a comprehensive table outlining the positive and negative aspects of APEC.

Positive Negative

11 a Using the radio report extract on page 267, outline the position taken by the following in reaction to the news that the federal government is continuing its planned tariff cuts:

i the federal government’s industry minister, Ian MacFarlane

ii union secretary, Michele O’Neil






PAGE273

iii the Textile and Fashion Industries Council President, Paul Cohen

iv the opposition’s industry spokesman, Kim Carr.

b Do you think these tariff cuts should go ahead? Provide reasons for your answer.

Learning about …1 Why are bilateral free trade agreements considered preferable to multilateral

agreements made through organisations such as the WTO?

2 What is the aim of bilateral free trade agreements?

3 List countries that Australia has free trade agreements with.

4 Using the newspaper article, ‘Singapore sling—what does the Singapore Australia Free Trade Agreement mean for Australia?’, complete the following. a Describe the importance of Singapore as a trade partner for Australia.

b Outline the services exported to Singapore by Australia.






c ‘The SAFTA services agreement means that “national treatment” will apply.’ Explain what this means.

d How has the architectural firm, Woodhouse International benefited from the SAFTA services agreement?

5 a List the advantages of a free trade agreement with the USA.

b Why are farmers concerned about the AUSFTA?

c Discuss the social justice and equity issues raised by the AUSFTA.

6 In one sentence, describe the immediate priority of the Australian government for trade.

7 What is the role of different levels of government in relation to trade?






PAGE274

Learning to …1 Use the DFAT website at <www.dfat.gov.au> to provide an update of the

progress of the AUSFTA.

2 Use the Internet to research the conditions of one bilateral free trade agreement between Australia and another country. Analyse the advantages of this agreement for both nations.

3 Make a list of all non-government organisations referred to in this chapter. Next to each explain its role in relation to trade.






4 Using the AFTINET website at <www.aftinet.org.au/index.html>:a Outline the aims of AFTINET.

b List some of the current issues raised by this non-government organisation.

c In groups, assess the value of organisations such as AFTINET.






d Critically analyse the website, including the ethics of the site using the guide in Skills section, chapter 11, pages 294–6.

6 Using evidence from [10.32], explain why Sydney is considered a favourable business destination.



Copyright © Brian Parker, Kate Lanceley, Debra Owens, Rebecca Fitzpatrick 2004. Published by Macmillan Education Australia. Unauthorised copying prohibited.

PAGE276

PAGE276

Learning about …1 What is foreign investment? Why is it important for the Australian economy?

2 Explain what is meant by the term ‘global city’.

3 What is the main incentive for overseas companies to invest in Australian cities such as Sydney?

4 List what you think are the three most important attractions of Australia for overseas companies to locate in Australia.

5 Why did the Virgin Group decide to launch a new airline in Australia?

6 Why do you think the federal government backed the Virgin Group’s proposal to operate in Australia?

7 Outline the benefits for Australia of the operation of Virgin Blue.

Learning to …1 Working in pairs, make a list of five multinationals with operations or

headquarters in Australia.

Documents

Learning about - Macmillan Publishers · 4 Use [10.14] to complete the following tasks: ... d Calculate the balance of merchandise trade for Australia and its top ten trading partners