Learning about Literacy: A 30-Year Learning about Literacy: A 30-Year JourneyJourney

By P. David Pearson & Diane StephensBy P. David Pearson & Diane StephensPresented by Pat Edwards & Hakim ShahidPresented by Pat Edwards & Hakim Shahid

Edu. 707Edu. 707Dr J. McEneaneyDr J. McEneaney

IntroductionIntroduction

PurposePurpose

To journey through the historical facets of To journey through the historical facets of various academic disciplines in order to various academic disciplines in order to better understand their individual impact on better understand their individual impact on reading education. reading education.

Reading GenesisReading Genesis

The goal of the reader was to The goal of the reader was to translate from the written language translate from the written language (orthography) to the verbal code.(orthography) to the verbal code.

Linguistic PerspectiveLinguistic Perspective

Important TheoriesImportant Theories

1. Literate societies represent key features 1. Literate societies represent key features of its oral language into its written language.of its oral language into its written language.

2. Inferred normal language processes are 2. Inferred normal language processes are not represented in the written language.not represented in the written language.

3. Children are innately “predisposed” to 3. Children are innately “predisposed” to learn language.learn language.

Psycholinguistic PerspectivePsycholinguistic Perspective

Derivational Theory of ComplexityDerivational Theory of Complexity

The number of grammatical transformations The number of grammatical transformations that were needed to get from the surface that were needed to get from the surface structure of a sentence to its underlying structure of a sentence to its underlying deep structure is the essence of deep structure is the essence of comprehension. comprehension.

Language Acquisition GroupLanguage Acquisition Group

Language learning is a rule- governed Language learning is a rule- governed process.process.

MiscuesMiscues

Errors children make while reading give Errors children make while reading give insight into the inner working of their insight into the inner working of their comprehension processes.comprehension processes.

Three Cue SystemThree Cue System

Readers use syntactic, semantic, and Readers use syntactic, semantic, and graphophonemic cues to better make sense graphophonemic cues to better make sense of text.of text.

Constructive ProcessConstructive Process

Reading is a matter of making predictions, Reading is a matter of making predictions, relying on cues, and formulating meaning.relying on cues, and formulating meaning.

Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Psychology Perspective Perspective

Story Grammar Expository Text Schema Theory

Major Theories

Story GrammarStory Grammar(Nancy Stein & David Rumelhart) (Nancy Stein & David Rumelhart)

Structural account of the nature of narratives Structural account of the nature of narratives and how it enhances human story and how it enhances human story comprehension.comprehension.

Expository TextExpository Text(Walter Kintsch & Bonnie Meyer)(Walter Kintsch & Bonnie Meyer)

Structural account of the nature of Structural account of the nature of informational texts and how it enhances informational texts and how it enhances human story comprehension. human story comprehension.

SchemaSchema(R.C. Anderson & P.D. Pearson)(R.C. Anderson & P.D. Pearson)

The structure of human knowledge as it is The structure of human knowledge as it is represented in memory via informational represented in memory via informational context.context.

Sociolinguistic PerspectiveSociolinguistic Perspective

Dialect and Reading Reading as a Social Process

Major Theories

Dialect and ReadingDialect and Reading((W. Labov, J. Baratz, & R. Shuy)W. Labov, J. Baratz, & R. Shuy)

Dialect constituted a well- developed Dialect constituted a well- developed linguistic system complete with rules for linguistic system complete with rules for variations from standard English.variations from standard English.

Reading as a Social ProcessReading as a Social Process(Michael Halliday & Shirley B. Heath)(Michael Halliday & Shirley B. Heath) Community and culture play key roles in Community and culture play key roles in

shaping the learning processes in children.shaping the learning processes in children.

Reading RevelationsReading Revelations

a.a. Advanced cognitive flexibilityAdvanced cognitive flexibility b.b. Reader-document interactionReader-document interaction c.c. Political-based reading Political-based reading educationeducation

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