LEAP Bridge Precast E1 TRN015400-1-0001

TRN015400-1/0001

LEAP Bridge PrecastV8i

First Edition

Bentley Institute Course Guide

Apr‐2010

Copyright © 2010 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Trademarks

AccuDraw, Bentley, the “B” Bentley logo, MDL, MicroStation and SmartLine are registered trademarks; PopSet and Raster Manager are trademarks; Bentley SELECT is a service mark of Bentley Systems, Incorporated or Bentley Software, Inc.

AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc.

All other brands and product names are the trademarks of their respective owners.

Patents

United States Patent Nos. 5,8.15,415 and 5,784,068 and 6,199,125.

Copyrights

©2000‐2010 Bentley Systems, Incorporated.

MicroStation ©1998 Bentley Systems, Incorporated.

All rights reserved.

Table of Contents

Geometry Review and Create LandXMLOverview________________________________________ 1Objectives _______________________________________ 1Open GEOPAK Coordinate Geometry _________________ 1Create a LandXML file______________________________ 4

LEAP Bridge ABC Wizard OverviewOverview________________________________________ 7Objectives _______________________________________ 7Create Bridge with ABC Wizard ______________________ 7Import 3D Model of the Existing Terrain _______________ 14

CONSPANLesson Overview__________________________________ 17Lesson Objectives _________________________________ 17Modify Geometry and Materials Data _________________ 18Apply LRFD Loads to the Structure____________________ 19Analyze the Superstructure _________________________ 20Beam Design_____________________________________ 22Load Rate a Beam_________________________________ 24Export Drawings to MicroStation_____________________ 25Appendix A: Program Capabilities ____________________ 27Appendix B: Program Boundaries ____________________ 32

RC‐PIEROverview________________________________________ 33Objectives _______________________________________ 33Modify the Pier Geometry __________________________ 33Apply LRFD Loads to the Structure ___________________ 35Analysis _________________________________________ 41Cap Design ______________________________________ 41Column Design ___________________________________ 42

Apr‐2010

Copyright © 2010 Bentley Systems, Incorporated iii

iv

Table of Contents

Footing Design ___________________________________ 44Abutment Design _________________________________ 46

GEOMATHOverview________________________________________ 53Objectives _______________________________________ 53Import a New Roadway and Measure Clearances________ 54Modify a Profile __________________________________ 57GEOMATH Reports ________________________________ 58

Site Modeler for Abutment GradingOverview________________________________________ 61Objectives _______________________________________ 61Site Modeler Project Components____________________ 61Create a Site Modeler Project _______________________ 65Model Menu_____________________________________ 67Objects Menu ____________________________________ 70Elements Menu___________________________________ 73Selection Sets ____________________________________ 75New/Edit Site Elements ____________________________ 76Create an Abutment Object _________________________ 79

Apr‐2010

Copyright © 2010 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Geometry Review and Create LandXML

Overview

This training guide is an introduction to the design of prestressed concrete bridges and substructures with LEAP Bridge. As this type of bridge is a widely accepted alternative to long‐span bridges, the solutions to be presented are widely used throughout the United States. Learn more about the flexibility of the layout and design using the latest LRFD code specifications.

Objectives

After completing this chapter, you will be able to:

• Review alignment and profile information in the native road design application

• Print reports on the geometry

• Export the alignments and profiles to a LandXML file that can be imported to LEAP Bridge

Open GEOPAK Coordinate Geometry

These steps will walk you through opening GEOPAK COGO to review alignments and profiles stored in a GPK file.

Exercise: Use COGO Navigator to display alignments

1 Start MicroStation.

2 Open file C:\data\BrIM\LB Precast\Cogo.dgn.

3 Open GEOPAK Coordinate Geometry. (Applications > GEOPAK > Road > Geometry > Coordinate Geometry).

Apr‐2010 Geometry Review and Create LandXML

Copyright © 2010 Bentley Systems, Incorporated 1


4 Select Job 839 and click OK.

5 From the Coordinate Geometry dialog enable Temporary Visualization.

6 Open the COGO Navigator dialog.

7 Select Tools > Navigator from the Coordinate Geometry dialog.

8 From Navigator, select Tools > Visualize All > Chains.

9 Fit your MicroStation view to see the resulting chains drawn.

10 Select the id icon, then identify an alignment from the drawing then accept.

11 Select chain SC219R from the list.

12 Select the Print/Describe element icon.

Geometry Review and Create LandXML Apr‐2010

2 Copyright © 2010 Bentley Systems, Incorporated


13 Review the description of the chain in the Coordinate Geometry output window.

14 From the Navigator dialog, change the Element to Profile.

15 Select Profile SC219RFP and then select the Print/Describe Element icon to see a description of the profile.

16 From the Coordinate Geometry dialog, select Element > Profile > Elevation.

17 Populate as shown and select Compute Elevation.



Create a LandXML file

18 To create a printed version of all results in the output window and if you have a printer available…

Right‐click in the output window. Choose the Select All option. Right‐click again and select Print to send the output to a networked printer.


These steps will walk you through generating a LandXML file of the proposed alignments and profiles stored in a GPK file.

Exercise: Create a LandXML file

1 Continuing in the cogo.dgn file, from the Coordinate Geometry dialog, select File > Export > LandXML Geometry.

2 Populate the dialog as shown.




3 Select Export to create the LandXML file.

4 Review the resulting LandXML file by opening Windows File Explorer and double clicking on the file.

This file can now be imported into LEAP Bridge an used as the basis for the bridge project.

5 Close the Coordinate Geometry dialog.

6 When prompted to save your session, select No.






LEAP Bridge ABC Wizard Overview

Overview

This training guide is an introduction to the design of prestressed concrete bridges and substructures with LEAP Bridge. As this type of bridge is a widely accepted alternative to long‐span bridges, the solutions to be presented are widely used throughout the United States. Learn more about the flexibility of the layout and design using the latest LRFD code specifications.

Objectives


• Use the ABC wizard in LEAP Bridge to quickly layout a 3D model of the superstructure and substructure of a bridge.

• Import data for the horizontal and vertical alignments, superelevation and/or 3D DTM.

• Create MicroStation drawings of 2D and 3D views.

Create Bridge with ABC Wizard

These steps will walk you through using the ABC Wizard in LEAP Bridge to create a 3D model of a bridge including the super and substructure components.

Exercise: Use ABC Wizard to create a 2 span structure

1 Start LEAP Bridge.

2 Start the ABC Wizard.

Apr‐2010 LEAP Bridge ABC Wizard Overview



3 Select LandXML.

4 Select C:\data\BrIM\LB Precast\SC219 and I26.xml from the Browse… button.

5 Select the Connect button to continue.

6 Expand the Alignments and Profiles check boxes to select the alignment and profile as shown below..

7 Select OK to import the geometry.

8 The bridge begins at station 118+25. Select Alignment and set the Begin Bridge Station to 118+25.

LEAP Bridge ABC Wizard Overview Apr‐2010



9 Select OK to accept this value.

10 The Cross slope of the structure is 2.0%. Select Cross Section… from the ABC:Step 1 of 3 dialog.




11 Populate the Bridge Cross Section dialog as shown and select OK when completed.




12 Populate the ABC: Step 1 of 3 dialog as shown below.

13 Select Next when complete.




14 For Pier 1, complete the dialog as shown.

15 Select Abutment 1 to modify.




16 Populate the dialog as shown below.

17 Set the Copy to: field to 2.

This will copy the abutment properties to the end abutment.

18 Select Next.

19 Select Finish to complete the wizard.

20 Select the Geometry tab to view a 3D model of structure.

21 Right click in the view to export a drawing that can be viewed with MicroStation.

22 Save the current LEAP Bridge file. Select File > Save As… to save a file called Bridge01.xml.



Import 3D Model of the Existing Terrain


The following steps will guide you through importing a displaying a 3D DTM.

Exercise: Import and display ground DTM

1 From the Geometry tab in LEAP Bridge, select the Load Ground from LandXML File icon.

2 Select Browse… and select the C:\data\brim\LB Precast\sc219tin.xml file.

3 Select Connect to open the LandXML file.

4 Select the check box next to Triangles and select OK to import the 3D DTM.

5 Select the Show Ground in 3D Viewer icon to see the triangles.




6 Right‐click in the view and select Export.

7 Type in a file name of Bridge01.

8 Select Save.

9 Open the resulting file with MicroStation to review the bridge model.






CONSPAN

Lesson Overview

This chapter is an introduction to the design of prestressed concrete bridge girders with LEAP Bridge. As this type of bridge is a widely accepted alternative to long-span bridges, the solutions to be presented are widely used throughout the United States. Learn more about the flexibility of the layout and design with LRFD code specifications.

Lesson Objectives


• Modify the superstructure geometry.

• Specify material properties.

• Input dead loads and live loads.

• Run and review analysis of beams

• Design strands and rebar for beams.

• Load rate a designed girder.

Apr‐2010 CONSPAN


Modify Geometry and Materials Data

Modify Geometry and Materials Data

These steps will walk you through the Geometry and Materials tabs making changes as needed for the class structure.

Exercise: Open CONSPAN and modify Geometry and Materials properties

1 From the SuperStructure tab in LEAP Bridge, select CONSPAN.

2 From CONSPAN, select the Geometry tab.

3 Select Elev and Sect buttons to review elevation and section views.

4 Select Cross Section....

5 Change the Deck Thick (sacrificial) to 1”.

6 Select OK to accept the new value.

7 Select the Materials tab.

8 Set the Concrete properties as shown below.

9 Select the 1/2‐270K‐LL Prestressing Tendon as the default tendon.

CONSPAN Apr‐2010


Apply LRFD Loads to the Structure

Apply LRFD Loads to the Structure

The following steps will guide you through the process of applying dead loads and live loads to the structure.

Exercise: Apply dead and live loads to the structure

1 Select the Loads tab.

2 Select the Wizard… button at the upper right.

3 Fill out the Permanent Load Wizard using the following values.

4 Enable the Keep Values toggle.

5 Select OK when completed.

This will populate the Permanent Loads section of the dialog.

Load Type Magnitude

Left and Right Barrier 0.3 klf each

Future Wearing Surface 0.035 ksf

Apr‐2010 CONSPAN


Analyze the Superstructure

6 Select the Wizard… button in the diaphragm area.

7 Insert two rows and populate as shown.

8 Select OK to accept.


The following steps will guide you through the process of analyzing the superstructure based on the loads supplied in the previous section.

Exercise: Analyze the girders.

1 Select the Analysis tab.

CONSPAN Apr‐2010



2 Select Analysis Factors… to review the current values for load distribution, load factors and modifiers.

3 Click OK the Analysis Factors dialog.

4 Select Run Analysis....

5 Review the analysis values for the various spans, beams and limit states.

6 Select the Diagram icon to view the results graphically.

Apr‐2010 CONSPAN


Beam Design

7 Close the diagram window before continuing to the next exercise.

Beam Design

This exercise will walk through the process of designing the reinforcing strands and rebar within a beam.

Exercise: Design a beam and use as the template for the remaining beams.

1 Select the Beam tab.

2 Select Auto Design to perform an initial design.

3 Select Yes when prompted to Auto‐Debond the strands.

CONSPAN Apr‐2010


Beam Design

Note: The auto‐debonding parameters can be modified on the Materials tab in the Prestressing tendon area.

4 Review the resulting design status.

5 Copy this pattern to all other beams in all spans.

6 Click OK the strand pattern dialog.

7 Select Beam 2 and verify the Design Status using Beam 1’s strand pattern. Modify the strand pattern if necessary. Reselect Beam 1.

8 Select Rebar Pattern….

9 In the Auto Design section of the dialog, set the Size to US #5 [M16] and the Legs value to 2.

10 Select Auto Design…

11 Modify the Start and End distances to round values of feet.

12 Review the Graph.

13 Copy the resulting reinforcing to all beams in all spans.

14 Select the Neg. Moment Continuity Steel tab.

Apr‐2010 CONSPAN


Load Rate a Beam

15 Insert two rows and populate.


17 Select the Results… button.


19 Select Print/View.

20 Review the resulting reports

21 Close the report viewer and the Print dialog.

Load Rate a Beam

Next, we’ll take a look at using the rating functionality inside CONSPAN.

CONSPAN Apr‐2010


Export Drawings to MicroStation

Exercise: Specify rating parameters and generate rating results for a beam

1 Select Parameters… from the Rating area of the Beam tab.

2 Enable HL93 as the Design Load Rating vehicle.

3 Select Rating Results… from the Rating area.

4 Review the report that is generated.

Export Drawings to MicroStation

Lastly, we’ll take a look at exporting various views in the LEAP products to MicroStation.

Exercise: Export views to MicroStation drawings

1 From CONSPAN, select the Geometry tab.

2 Select Sect.

3 Right click the graphical view of the section and select Export View….

4 Set the Save as type to MicroStation DGN.

5 Name the file Section1.dgn.

6 Click Save.

Apr‐2010 CONSPAN


Appendix A: Program Capabilities

7 Close CONSPAN.

8 When asked to update the LEAP Bridge model, select Yes.

9 When prompted to generate reports, select No.

10 Select the Geometry tab in LEAP Bridge.

11 Rotate the model to various angles.

12 Click the Display 3D model as transparent icon at the lower left of the graphics window to view the model in a transparent state. The tendons and rebar will be visible through the beams.

13 Open MicroStation and review the drawings that have been created.


Bentley Systems, Inc. LEAP CONSPAN is the first integrated AASHTO LRFD and Standard (LFD) program for the analysis, design and load rating of single span and multiple span bridges, constructed with simple‐span prestressed girders made continuous by reinforcing the cast‐in‐place top deck with mild steel in regions of negative moment. The following highlights some of CONSPAN’s main features:

Design Code and Units• Dual design codes, AASHTO Standard and LRFD. You can switch

between the two specifications at any time during program execution.

• Load Rating according to the Manual of Condition Evaluation of Bridges.

• Load Rating according to the Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating LRFR of Highway Bridges.

• Dual units, U.S. and Metric. You can switch between the two units at any time during program execution.

• State Specification drop‐down: Select from Florida or Califoria to apply state specific criteria.

Libraries• Reduce input time using predefined library of prestressing tendon

types, rebars, and beam section types or modify/add custom libraries.

• Specify pre‐defined strand patterns and use as manual input or during auto‐generation.

CONSPAN Apr‐2010



• Select AASHTO Standard (LFD) design trucks from a predefined library (HS20 Truck, HS20 Lane, H20 Truck, H20 Lane, Military, etc.) or define unlimited new loads manually.

• Select LRFD design moving loads from a predefined library (Design Truck, Design Tandem, Design Lane, Double Truck, Double Tandem, etc.) or define unlimited new loads manually.

Span Type• Increased input efficiency by selecting either the Simple‐Span or Multi‐

Span option to enable custom program input and output options.

• Option to analyze a multi‐span structure as a series of simple spans (i.e. superimposed dead and live loads are applied on simple beam model rather than continuous beam model).

• Quickly specify project and job descriptions.

Flared Girder Geometry• Specify flared (splayed) girder geometry. Program considers varying

beam lengths in the same span due to skew angle differences, or due to non‐parallel arrangement of girders.

• Specify advanced geometric information including alignment information, abutment, pier and deck information.

• Advanced Graphics show layout, cross section of bridge.

Analysis and Design• Dead Load Wizard: makes input of common loads very simple

• Specify Negative Moment Continuity steel in deck slab. Compare required vs. provided capacities.

• Copy beam strand patterns to other beams in same span or other spans.

• Specify variable span lengths, precast beam lengths, bearing‐to‐bearing lengths, and skew angles for bridge.

• Specify different beam sizes in the same span and different beam types in each span.

• Retains previously designed strand patterns when changes are made to geometry, materials, or loads information.

Apr‐2010 CONSPAN



• Input loads for DC and DW on precast, composite, or supplemental. Loads can be specified as concentrated, area, or line loads.

• Specify supplemental topping/deck thickness and include superimposed dead loads on supplemental.

• Automatically compute dead loads due to self‐weight of girders, deck, haunches, and supplemental.

• Have the capability to allow input of dead loads on composite as linear loads, e.g., to simulate barrier loads.

• Specify an unlimited number of diaphragm loads. Use the copy feature to copy diaphragm loads to all beams and/or all spans.

• Analyze self‐weight and dead loads assumed to act on the precast section being designed using simple beam analysis.

• Analyze dead loads on composite sections using continuous analysis.

• Specify pedestrian loads.

• Choose whether or not to include LRFD live load deflection criteria.

• Perform automatic moving load analysis on simple‐span or continuous multi‐span bridges.

• Select specific Standard (LFD) groups for analysis and design (1, 1/1A, and 1B).

• Select specific LRFD limit states for analysis and design (Service I, Service III, Strength I, and Strength II).

• Use refined methods of analysis (grillage models) to compute live load distribution factors.

• Display distribution factors as contour graphs.

• Customize LRFD factors, including dynamic load allowance, distribution, gamma, and h factors.

• Customize or select limiting stresses for concrete at release and final conditions.

• Customize or select length multipliers for transfer and development lengths.

• Easily customize variables that are automatically calculated by the program, such as live load and dead load distribution factors and dynamic load allowance impact/factors.

• Automatically generate straight and draped strand patterns or manually input the pattern for analysis.

• Specify transformed section properties.

CONSPAN Apr‐2010



• Customize the maximum number of strands that can be debonded, as the maximum percentage of each row, or the total number of strands in each section.

• Specify end and midspan debonding (shielding) manually or have the program compute it automatically. While using a draped/straight pattern, only the straight strands can be debonded.

• Customize varying percentages of strand pull for various strand groups.

• Specify or have the program compute release and final prestress losses according to the AASHTO LRFD and LFD Specifications.

• Automatically design top flange tension reinforcement at release.

• Check design status at critical points for release and final stresses as well as for ultimate loads and cracking load criteria.

• Perform vertical, anchorage zone, and horizontal shear reinforcement design.

• Auto design required vertical shear reinforcement.

• Report camber and deflection computations at tenth point locations along the beam, including live load deflections.

• Automatically compute deck reinforcement required for continuity.

• Select among three methods whether to include restraint moments, including the PCA Method, Ref. 7.

• Display and print moment, shear, and stress diagrams for either specific load cases and/or load combinations.

• Optionally compute Moment Capacity by Strain Compatibility.

• Program provides option to consider composite loads in Horizontal Shear computations.

• Convert loading from LFD to LRFD on the fly and also apply different DF for different dead loads.

• Consider the span lengths specified in Table C4.6.2.2.1‐1 in the computation of LRFD load distribution factors.

• Option to distribute dead load equally to all beams or based on tributary fraction.

• Optionally, input Stirrup reinforcement schedules manually or use auto‐design algorithms.

• Store commonly used stirrup schedules in the library file, and reuse across projects.

Apr‐2010 CONSPAN



General• Use the save setting feature to minimize future input.

• Design standard or custom beam types using convenient section property editor and visual strand pattern templates.

• Use wizards to quickly specify beam layouts.

• Save input data and/or results at any time. Save designs and check them for new loading conditions. Strand pattern is automatically saved unless the beam itself is changed.

• Specify font for viewing/printing output.

• Send data file in an e‐mail message from within the program.

• Options to specify the default working folder.

• Option to keep analysis factors input manually.

• Use wizards for generating strand templates.

• Toggle between LFD (Standard) and LRFD modes without losing the strand pattern or dead load information.

• Section Library Transfer Utility, allows for bulk transfer of section from old libraries into new, or from different files, into a consolidated file.

• Link from within the program, from the Help menu, to the User manual in PDF format.

• Automatically check for updates from Web site.

• Detailed and separate reports of all input and output either in text form or in enhanced report format.

• Option to include 2D views (cross‐section, elevation) and analysis/design graphs in the enhanced report (HTML) outputs.

• Strand pattern Wizard now allows definition of straight/draped strands in an easy to use, point and click graphical user interface. Get production quality printout showing strand patterns graphically.

Load Rating• Load Rating according to the Manual of Condition Evaluation of

Bridges, in standard specifications mode.

• Operating and Inventory Rating

• Load Rating summary and details at all tenth points for Moments (Flexure, positive and negative), Shears and Stresses (concrete and prestressing steel).

CONSPAN Apr‐2010


Appendix B: Program Boundaries

• Select multiple trucks from predefined truck library or define your own rating vehicle.

• Load Rating according to the Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating LRFR of Highway Bridges for Design, Legal and Permit Load Rating.

• Completely customizable input parameters including factors and allowable stresses.

• Run refined analysis to use live load distribution factors to model trucks non‐standard gage width (different than 6 feet).


The following is a list of CONSPAN’s boundaries and conventions.

• Width of bridge must be constant in all spans when flared girder option is not used.

• Flared girder option is only available for I‐girders, box‐beams and U‐beams.

• Beam moment of inertia must be constant within a span, e.g., no change in beam properties along the span.

• Topping (slab) thickness must be the same for all spans and within a span.

• All beams must be the same type but may be different sizes (e.g., you cannot use AASHTO I‐beams and box beams in the same span but you can use various sizes of AASHTO I‐beams in the same span).

• Maximum number of axles that can be defined for a truck is 20.

• Pedestrian Load not considered in Load Rating Analysis.

Apr‐2010 CONSPAN



CONSPAN Apr‐2010


RC‐PIER

Overview

This chapter focuses on the LEAP Bridge application, RCPIER, for the design of reinforced concrete bridge substructures and foundations. Learn how to use the options to design a multi‐column pier as well as the footing types that are supported with this product.

Objectives


• Manipulate the geometry of a pier or abutment

• Generate various loads for the piers and abutments

• Design the cap, column and footings

• Design abutments

Modify the Pier Geometry

The following steps will guide you through making changes to the column geometry as well as adding a strut to the pier.

Exercise: Change the Column Geometry and add a Strut

1 Select the Geometry tab in RCPier.

2 Select the Pier Config icon.

3 Change the Column Shape to Rect. Tapered in X dir.

4 Select OK to accept the change.

5 Select the Column icon and populate as shown below.

Apr‐2010 RC‐PIER


Modify the Pier Geometry

6 Select OK to accept changes.

7 The resulting model should now look like this.

RC‐PIER Apr‐2010


Apply LRFD Loads to the Structure and Generate Load Combinations

8 Select the Strut icon and populate the dialog as shown.

9 Select OK to save the strut to the model

10 The 3D model will be updated again. Footings will be added back when the Footing design is performed.


The following steps will guide you through the process of applying LRFD dead loads and live loads to the structure.

Exercise: Apply loads to the structure and generate load combinations

1 Select the Loads tab in RCPier.




2 One at a time, add the following load types to the Selected Loads window: DC, DW, LL, WS.

3 Select DC1 from the Selected Loads window.

4 Click Edit.

5 Click Generate on the Load data window.




6 Populate as shown and select Generate.

7 Select OK to accept these dead loads.

8 Select DW1 from the Selected Loads window and click Edit.9 Click Generate.





11 Select OK to accept these dead loads

12 Select LL1 from the Selected Loads window.

13 Click Edit.

14 Click Generate.






17 Highlight LL1 and select LL Details.

18 Review LL1.

19 Select other LL cases to review.

20 Select WS1 from the Selected Loads window

21 Click Edit.

22 Click Generate.





24 Select OK to accept these dead loads

25 Add the load groups/limit states to the Selected Groups window: Strength Group I, Service Group I and Service Group III.

26 Select each group one at a time from the Available Groups window then select the → button to add to the right pane.

27 Select Combinations to generate the default load combinations.

28 Select Default Comb to generate all of the load combinations.

29 Select Close to close the Load Combinations window.



Analysis

Analysis

The Analysis tab allows you to perform an analysis and also specify various factors relating to the analysis and design.

Exercise: Perform Analysis

1 From the Analysis tab in RCPIER select A/D Parameters.

2 Review the LRFD Design and Analysis parameters.

3 Select OK to accept any changes.

4 Select Run Analysis….

5 Select the Diagrams tool to review shear and moment diagrams of the cap and columns.

Cap Design

The Cap tab allows you to automatically design the cap by clicking the Auto Design button or manually enter the cap design. The following illustrates the auto design feature and the manual changes.



Column Design

Exercise: Design the Cap using Auto Design Tool

1 From the Cap tab in RCPIER select Auto Design.

2 Populate the RCPier‐Design Cap dialog as shown.

3 Select OK.

4 Review the Design Status output.

5 Select Diagrams icon to review the cap design envelopes.

Column Design

The Column tab allows you to choose to manually enter the column reinforcement or to allow the program to automatically design it. We will use the



Column Design

Unbraced moment magnification with specified values of K and Auto Design feature for this example.

Exercise: Design the Column using Auto Design Tool

1 Select the Column tab in RCPIER.

2 Enable the Auto Design All check box.

3 Select Auto Design.

4 Populate the RCPier‐Design Column dialog as shown.

5 Select OK.

6 Review the Design Results for the columns.

After designing the column, RC‐PIER allows you to view the column interaction diagram.

• Select the Diagrams command from the Show menu, or its respective icon on the toolbar. Then, select the column you want to view from the Objects drop‐down list and select the Design option. The column interaction diagram will appear on the screen as shown in the following figure.

• You can view different load combinations by making selections from the Load Combination drop‐down list. Close the diagrams window when done reviewing the diagram.



Footing Design

Footing Design

This is the final screen in the tab series and is a unique feature available only in RC‐PIER. Here, you can design and analyze multiple footings or footing types for each column, to include single spread footing under all columns, isolated spread footings under each column, single pile/shaft cap under all columns, and isolated pile/ shaft cap under each column. You can also check overturning from this tab.

Exercise: Design the Footings using Auto Design Tool

1 Select the Footing tab in RCPIER.

2 Select the 4 columns listed in the Columns window.

3 Key in a name of Spread1 in the Name field.

4 Select the Add button.

5 Highlight Spread1 and select Design.


7 Select Footing Reinforcement tab.

8 Select Auto Design from the Footing Reinforcement tab to design the reinforcement in the footing.



Footing Design

9 Select Close when you are finished reviewing the resulting reinforcement design.

10 Return to the Geometry tab to see the resulting 3D model including the spread footing.

11 Close RC‐Pier.

12 Select Yes when prompted to update the LEAP Bridge model.

13 Select No when prompted to Generate Reports.



Abutment Design

Abutment Design

Abutment Load Generation

The program differentiates abutment design as pile cap and stem wall design. Depending on which option is selected, an analytical model selection will be different. Program allows to switch between abutment type anytime during the project to have the comparative analytical and design results.

Exercise: Generate Loads and Load Combinations for the Abutment

1 Select the Substructure tab in LEAP Bridge.

2 Set the Abut/Pier List to AB01.

3 Select the RCPIER button.

4 Select the Loads tab in RCPier.

5 One at a time, add the following load types to the Selected Loads window: DC, DW, LL.

6 Select DC1 from the Selected Loads window

7 Click Edit.

8 Click Generate on the Load data window.



11 Select DW1 from the Selected Loads window.\

12 Click Edit.

13 Click Generate.




Abutment Design


16 Select LL1 from the Selected Loads window.

17 C lick Edit.

18 Click Generate.



21 Highlight LL1 and select LL Details.

22 Review LL1.

23 Select other LL cases to review.

24 Add the load groups/limit states to the Selected Groups window: Strength Group I, Service Group I and Service Group III.

25 Select each group one at a time from the Available Groups window then select the → button to add to the right pane.

26 Select Combinations to generate the default load combinations.

27 Select Default Comb to generate all of the load combinations.

28 Select Close to close the Load Combinations window.

Abutment Analysis

The Analysis tab allows you to perform an analysis and also specify various factors relating to the analysis and design.

Exercise: Perform Analysis

1 From the Analysis tab in RCPIER select A/D Parameters.

2 Review the LRFD Design and Analysis parameters.

3 Select OK to accept any changes.



Abutment Design

4 Select Run Analysis… .

5 Select the Diagrams tool to review shear and moment diagrams of the cap and pile.

Abutment Cap Design

The Cap tab allows you to automatically design the cap by clicking the Auto Design button or manually enter the cap design. The following illustrates the auto design feature and the manual changes.

Exercise: Design the Cap using Auto Design Tool

1 From the Cap tab in RCPIER select Auto Design.

2 Populate the RCPier‐Design Cap dialog as shown.

3 Select OK.

4 Review the Design Status output.



Abutment Design

5 Select Diagrams icon to review the cap design envelopes.

Abutment Pile Design

The Pile tab allows you to choose to manually enter the pile reinforcement or to allow the program to automatically design it.

Exercise: Design the Pile using Auto Design Tool1 Select the Pile tab in RCPIER.

2 Enable the Auto Design All check box.

3 Select Auto Design.



Abutment Design

4 Populate the RCPier‐Design Column dialog as shown.

5 Select OK.

6 Review the Design Results for the piles.

7 After designing the pile, RC‐PIER allows you to view the interaction diagram. Select the Diagrams command from the Show menu, or its respective icon on the toolbar.

8 Then, set the Objects drop‐down list to Pile and select the Design option.



Abutment Design

The interaction diagram will appear on the screen as shown in the following figure.

9 You can view different load combinations by making selections from the Load Combination drop‐down list.

10 Close the diagrams window when done reviewing the diagram.

11 Close RC‐PIER and update the LEAP Bridge model.



Abutment Design



GEOMATH

Overview

This chapter focuses on the LEAP Bridge application, GEOMATH, used for the parametric layout of a bridge structure and its component elements. Any changes made to the geometry are reverberated through the entire model. GEOMATH is also used to create a multitude of reports including quantities, span clearances, deck elevations and more.

Objectives


• Import a new roadway.

• Measure clearances between the bridge and new roadway.

• Modify geometry elements in the project.

• Review reporting capabilities of GEOMATH.

Apr‐2010 GEOMATH


Import a New Roadway and Measure Clearances


The following steps will guide you through the process of creating a second roadway and measuring the clearances from the structure to the roadway below.

Exercise: Import a second roadway via LandXML

1 Select the Geometry tab in LEAP Bridge.

2 Select the GEOMATH button to start the software.

3 Click the BEG button at the bottom of the screen to begin using the advanced interface.

4 Select LEAP Bridge>Select Components. This will open the previously used LandXML file that contained the SC219 alignment and profile.

5 Select the alignment and profile shown below then click OK.

GEOMATH Apr‐2010



6 The resulting project window shows the newly imported alignments.

7 Select the Section icon.

8 Then from the Section Set drop down, select ‐‐ New ‐‐.

9 Select the Properties… icon and populate as shown.


Note: Because this is a divided roadway, the PG Offset is used to tell the software the distance from the alignment to the profile on the section.

11 Populate the Plane Data as shown.

12 Select the green check mark when complete to accept the section.

13 Select the Roads icon to create a new roadway.

Apr‐2010 GEOMATH



14 Populate the Layout section as shown.

15 Select the green checkmark to accept.

This will create a new roadway.

16 Zoom to the bridge.

Hint: Select the Bridge BR01 from the Project list, then press CTRL+H on the keyboard.

GEOMATH Apr‐2010


Modify a Profile

17 Select the Measure Clearance tool.

18 Using the cursor, select GR06 for Object 1 and RDWY02 as Object 2.

As you move the cursor along girder 6 within the limits of the roadway surface you will see the clearance value change accordingly. Try with other girders as well.

Modify a Profile

In this exercise the profile will be lowered at the structure.

Exercise: Lower Profile

1 Select Profile SC219RFP from the Project list.

2 Scroll down to VPI 6 at Station 119+00.

Apr‐2010 GEOMATH


GEOMATH Reports

3 Change the elevation of the VPI to 418.90.

4 Recheck the clearances on the structure.

GEOMATH Reports

GEOMATH can create a multitude of reports useful for both design and construction personnel. Below are examples of just a couple of the reports available.

Exercise: Design Create and review a simple report.

1 Select File > Print from the GEOMATH pull down menu.

GEOMATH Apr‐2010


GEOMATH Reports

2 Select the reports listed below.

3 Click Create Reports… .

4 Review the resulting report including deck elevation along the girders and at offsets.

5 Close the Report Viewer and the Print Report Manager dialog.

6 Select Special>Deck Contours… from the GEOMATH pull‐down menu.

Apr‐2010 GEOMATH


GEOMATH Reports

7 Populate the dialog as shown below.

8 Select OK.

9 Review the resulting contours in the drawing. If you want to turn off the contours, turn off display of level 5 by selecting it from the Level Bar.

10 Close GEOMATH and save the changes to the LEAP Bridge model.

GEOMATH Apr‐2010


Site Modeler for Abutment Grading

Overview

This workshop is an introduction to the Site Modeler grading capabilties for abutment design and its interaction with roadway and topography data .

Site Modeler integrates digital terrain modeling with interactive 3D site design. The software allows you to incorporate design features in the model while maintaining existing ground. The Site Modeler automatically regenerates the DTM, yet retains full integrity of the models and the original DTM. There is no need for merging or extracting graphics into the terrain model. Easy, on‐the‐fly functions let you change elevations and side slopes and balance cut‐and‐fill. You can add features such as contours to the model as needed to define your design. Tools are supported for evaluating the site design and producing drawings and site models.

Objectives


• Manipulate different 3D views of a bridge created in Leap Bridge

• Setup the abutment base into a 3D dgn file.

• Create a Site Project and incorporate all pertinent data into a grading project.

• Setup different slopes for grading the abutment connection to the ground.

• Analyze and review the results.

Site Modeler Project Components

A Site Project is comprised of three components: Models, Objects and Elements.

Apr‐2010 Site Modeler for Abutment Grading



Site Models

A Site Model is comprised of an unlimited number of objects arranged based on the “First In – First Out” (FIFO) list which dictates the merging order and a base object (i.e., existing ground).

The designer does not have to merge, as it's done automatically "on the fly." As a new object is added to the model, its resultant slopes, contours, etc., can be displayed on the screen.

Models can be modified at any time during the site design process. This can be accomplished in three methods:

• Add or remove objects from the model

• Change the base object, i.e., update/change existing ground terrain data

• Changing the order of Objects in the FIFO list

The workflow involved in using the Site Modeler is designed to expedite the creation of digital terrain models while providing enough flexibility to easily accommodate design changes. The following list outlines the process on how to get started with Site Modeler.

• Establish base design planimetrics in 2D or 3D MicroStation design file. This includes design graphical features that define the DTM (e.g., centerlines, curbs, berms, ponds, property line etc..).

• Obtain existing information, such as original ground or survey information, that serves as the basis of the initial design.

• Review the geometric layout of design features and determine a preliminary concept for the type and configuration of Site Objects to be used in the design.

• Start Site Modeler New Project Wizard.

• Create an empty Model.

• Import the base design information into the Model.

• Select a location to begin the design.

• Create a new Site Object that describes the starting feature.

• Begin defining the elevations of the Site Elements and adding them to the Active Object.

• Continue to create Site Objects and Site Elements as needed.

Site Modeler for Abutment Grading Apr‐2010



• Evaluate and analyze the Site Model and adjust Site Elements, Site Objects and Model.

Site Objects

Site Objects are collections of Site Elements that are grouped together for the purposes of side slope definition, merging into the Model, volume quantity calculations or as logical design features.

Site Object examples include:

• Abutments

• Buildings

• Ponds

• etc.

Each object can contain an unlimited number of elements. Objects contain their own attributes.

• Side slopes ‐ defines the interrelationship between the object and the model. Cut and fill side slopes are automatically generated around the extent or boundary of each Object in the model. The boundary is automatically determined from the extent of the elements contained in the object. Side Slopes can be as basic as a single cut or fill slope from the edge of a building to existing ground, or intersecting slopes between two objects, i.e., a building and a parking lot.

• Quantity Depth ‐ In order to do excavation quantities, an object may have an associated quantity depth. For example, a building may have a quantity depth of two master units which represents the amount of granular material required beneath the building. These quantities can be easily changed and quickly computed.

• Display Settings ‐ A specific set of visualization settings can be applied to each object to control the display symbology of each.

• Maximum Triangle Length – Defines the maximum length for the Object of an external (outside) triangle. The triangulation must follow this rule while still including all element data.

Other things to consider during the creation of Objects:

• A Site Model is created by merging each of the triangulated Objects specified in the Model FIFO list together in the order they are listed within the list. The designer determines which slopes control the




merging process by means of a FIFO list. The first Object, called the Base Object, is the starting surface. Each object is then merged "on the fly" in the order listed. To change the controlling slopes for intersecting, move objects up and down in the Model FIFO list.

• Site Objects can be raised and lowered in their entirety to easily evaluate design alternatives.

• The feature types of elements used within an Object have an effect on how that Object will be triangulated. Failure to use Boundary elements as the outer most elements of an Object may lead to undesired triangulation result. Similarly, using Boundary elements inside an Object may also cause an undesired triangulation result. Layout, geometry and DTM feature type of the member elements should always be considered. The boundary of the Object is determined from the extent of the elements and their feature type.

Objects can be modified at any time during the site design process. The following are methods of modification:

• Add / remove elements from the object

• Modify Object Slopes

• Raise or lower the object

Site Elements

Elements are any MicroStation graphical element assigned an elevation and DTM Feature (breakline, boundary, contour, etc.) with Site tools. They can be placed into a 2D or 3D design file utilizing any generic MicroStation command, except Make or Drop Complex Chain. Once the elements are drawn, elevations are assigned with Site tools. At any time, they can be moved, copied or otherwise manipulated. Once a group of elements is drawn to the designer's satisfaction, they can be defined as an object.

Elements can be modified at any time during the site design process. To move the location of an element in the X‐Y plane, utilize any MicroStation command except Create Complex Chain.

Let's review several types of modifications, their impact on element elevation(s) and their results on the site element. If the User takes advantage of the Site Element Association feature, the element elevations will be recreated per their original definition. If this feature is disabled or not used, then the following will apply to the elevations of the site elements.



Create a Site Modeler Project

All modifications support selection sets and fence operations.


These steps will walk you through the process of creating a Site Modeler Project.

Exercise: Creating a Project

1 Open the file C:\Data\BrIM\Site\BridgeoverRiver_3D.dgn.

2 Select the Site Modeling Tool (Applications > Site > Site Modeling).

3 Enable Create New Project.

4 Click Next>

5 Accept the new project filename : (..\BrIM\Site\BridgeoverRiver_3D.gsf).

6 Click Next.

7 Select the Create a New Model check box.

Extend / Shorten Line

Use generic MicroStation commands to shorten or lengthen. The Site Modeler holds the elevations of the original element and re‐proportions them.

Insert VertexElevation of new vertices is interpolated between adjacent vertices.

Move Element Maintains all vertices at the original elevations.Scale Maintains the elevations at all vertices.Rotate Maintains the elevations at all vertices.

MirrorMaintains the elevations. If there are duplicate vertices due to the mirroring, the second elevation is utilized.

Delete Deletes the element from the Site Modeler object.




8 Key in Abutments as the Model Name.

9 Review the Project Preferences

10 Click Next.

11 Enable the Open Object Import Wizard check box.

12 Click OK.

13 Select the TIN File check box.

14 Click Browse to select c:\data\BrIM\Site\bridge_crossing.tin.

15 Click Next.

16 Set Object Type to Existing Ground.

By selecting the Ground Object Type, the Enter New Object Name field is automatically populated.



Model Menu

17 Click Next.

18 Select the Use as Base Object for check box.

19 Select Abutments from the Model list.

20 Click OK.

This initiates the visualization of the Active Model (Abutments) and the Active Object (Existing Ground 1) into View 1 of MicroStation.

21 Save the site project. (Site Modeler: Project>Save).

Model Menu

The Model menu selections provide the mechanism to add, edit and delete the various elements that comprise a Model. This includes display parameters, merging order (FIFO), and Display options. Each of these tools invokes a dialog wherein the specific Model information can be added, edited or the entire Model deleted.

Edit Model

The Model editing options provide the mechanism to change the list of Objects contained in the Model and to modify the display setting of the Model and its



Model Menu

Objects. At the top of the dialog the active Model Name is displayed, however, any Model in the current site project may be selected.

The three Edit Model options are:

• FIFO List ‐ "First in, first out" list. Determines the merging order of all objects in the active Model. In addition, tools are provided to manipulate the list.

• Display Model ‐ a complete range of element symbology and text parameters utilized for visualization for the active model.

• Display Objects – Additional controls for displaying the Object Types that make up the Model simultaneously and provides clipping options for the Model and Base Object.

FIFO Functionality

The FIFO (First in, First out) List contains the list of all the Site Objects contained in the selected Model and the order in which the Objects are to be merged. This Object list is processed from the top to bottom. Starting with the Base Object, each Object is merged into the Model in this order – top one first, then the second one, etc. Any time a change is made to a Site Object or Site Element contained in the Model, the Model is reprocessed.

The Site Preferences contain an option to disable this automatic updating should this immediate feedback be unnecessary or grow too time consuming as the model grows. Since Objects can easily be added and removed from the FIFO list, certain time savings can be achieved by removing Objects not needed for the current design process and can be added back at the end or at such time as their impact is needed.



Model Menu

The process used in the creation of the final triangulated Site Model is as follows:

• The Base Object starts as the initial state of the Model.

• The first Object in the FIFO list is retrieved.

• The boundary of the Site Object is determined from the extent of all the Site Elements contained in it.

• The Side slopes associated with that Object are applied around the boundary down or up to the Model depending on the cut fill situation.

• This Object is then merged into the Model.

• This new state of the Model with the first Object and its side slopes merged into the base Object becomes the initial sate of the model for the next Object in the FIFO list and the process is repeated for all the objects in the list.

Display Model Tab

The Display Model Tab is utilized to control the visualization settings of the active Model. The dialog is depicted below and contains specifications for features displayed within the Model including triangles, boundaries and vertices. When the toggle to the left of the feature is active the element is displayed. When inactive the feature is not displayed. To the right of each feature is the level and element symbology.



Objects Menu

Display Objects Tab

Objects Menu

The Object menu selections provide tools to Add, Edit, Copy, Move, Raise, Lower, or Delete an Object. Also allows the User to draw Profiles and Cross Sections directly from the Site Objects.

Object Type

List box containing all Object Types in the current model. If the User clicks the box to the left of the Object Type in the list, an “eye” icon is displayed. All objects of the activated type are displayed with their visualization settings.

Clip Objects from Model

When activated, this clips every object out of the model prior to display. It is good for showing proposed vs. existing.

Display Base ObjectThis toggle indicates whether the Base Object should be displayed with its visualization settings.

Apply Applies any changes that have been made to this tab.



Objects Menu

Edit Object

The Object editing options provide the mechanism to modify an Object's properties, side slopes, display settings and to display Slope Indicators.

Object Properties

Under the Properties Tab the Object Name for the object to be edited is displayed in the dialog. A description can be entered if desired. Quantity Depth is the vertical depth beneath an Object where the earthwork volume is adjusted to compensate in the total volume.

Note that this depth is applied to the limits of the Object's elements and is optional when Volumes are computed. Three tools are supported within the Elements group box. Highlight and/or window center Site elements within the Active Site Object. Add previously created Site Elements to the Active Site Object and Remove Site Elements from the Active Site Object.

Object Slopes Tab

The Slopes options dictate the type of side slopes generated from the outer extent or boundary edge of the Object. These slopes are applied when the Object is placed into a Model and computed from the Object to whatever the state of



Objects Menu

the Model when it is merged. When the Display with Object toggle is activated, GEOPAK includes the display of slopes in the Object symbology.

There are four slopes options available: No Slopes, Cut ‐ Fill Slope, Cut‐Fill Table, Dynamic Slopes. Corner Options can be specified to generate either Rounded or Straight slopes around corners of Objects.

Display Options Tab

The Edit Object Display tab is utilized to control the visualization settings of the Object displayed in the dialog. The dialog contains specifications for features displayed including triangles, boundaries, and vertices. When the toggle to the left of the feature is active, the element is displayed. When inactive the feature is not displayed. To the right of each feature is the level and element symbology.



Elements Menu

Slope Indicators Tab

The Slope Indicators Tab is used to set the display preferences of Object Slopes Indicators.

The dialog dynamically changes to a copy Object dialog.

Delete Object

The Delete Object tool deletes the entire object from the project file and (if desired) all the Site elements that are part of the Object.

Elements Menu

The fundamental components in the Site Modeler are Site Elements. Site Elements are simply MicroStation graphics (2D or 3D) that have been assigned elevations using one of these Site Element tools.

Site Modeler supports a wide variety of tools that when combined with generic MicroStation commands create and modify elements. These operations include:

• Creating / editing elements

• Changing element feature types

• Change Element Associations

• Raising/Lowering of elements

• Copy parallel existing elements

• Modifying elements

• Deleting element Z

• 3D elements

• Composite Sections



Elements Menu

• Edit Profile

• Element Information

The 3D Element is active only within MicroStation 3D design files.

Element Feature Types

All Site Elements require a Feature Type to describe the way in which to process and interpret the element within the digital terrain model.

A Boundary is used to constrain the external boundary of the object or model. For example, an L‐shaped building can be defined as a boundary so that no triangles are created within the internal corner. If the elements are defined as breaklines, the limits of the object would result from the convex area of all the elements contained in the object.

Feature types can be modified at any point in the design to create the desired results. It is often desirable to leave features as break lines until the object design is near completion and then the required elements can be specified as boundaries.

Break Lines designate linear features such as edges of buildings, parking lots and other pavement. The generated triangles never cross a break line; rather the edges of the triangles are coincident with a break line.

A Contour is an element of constant elevation. The generated triangles never cross a contour; rather the edges of the triangles are coincident with a contour.

A Void delineates an area of no data or obscured area and is defined in a series of points forming a closed element.

A Hole is extremely useful when the base object surface (i.e., existing ground) is desired within an object. For example, an area of existing within a building



Selection Sets

footprint is to be landscaped and remain at the original ground elevation, while surrounded by a building pad.

Selection Sets

Many of the Element tools utilize selection sets, therefore, a generic discussion is warranted into the operation and use of selection sets.

When active, the MicroStation Power Selector is utilized. To invoke, click Select Elements in the Element Selection group box.

Site Selection Tools

Selection commands can be utilized without the Power Selector. The leftmost button is Select Elements. Simply click and then select the desired elements. To select multiple elements, depress <Control> on the keyboard while selecting.

After utilizing numerous MicroStation commands, the highlighted elements may not be highlighted. To display previously selected elements, click Reselect Elements (center of the three) and the highlighted elements are displayed again in the specified color. To remove all selected elements from the selection set, press the Reset Selection Set button (rightmost of the three). The color of the selected elements is set with the color picker on the far right side of the group box. Note that Element Selection must be invoked through these selection icons. While the Site Modeler uses a selection set, it must be started through the use of these commands, not the MicroStation Selection set commands.

To turn off and on handle display, use the Disable Edit Handles setting on the Preferences dialog box, Operation category (Workspace > Preferences). If



New/Edit Site Elements

handles are disabled, when you select an element it is highlighted with a specified color.


One of the primary tools within Elements is the New / Edit Elements tool. When invoked, the dialog depicted below is displayed.

The dialog contains five main options: Element, Point, Section, Side Slope and Display. When a tab is selected, the dialog dynamically changes to reflect the selection. The fields below are displayed regardless of which tab is selected.

Add to Active Object

When toggled ON, created and/or edited elements are automatically added to the active object. The Active Object is displayed on the New/Edit dialog.

Current ObjectLocated between the Add to Active Object and Apply, the active Object can be selected.

Apply

Commences the processing. This includes redrawing of the elements, inclusion into the active object and, if the active object is part of a model, reprocessing of the model.




Element Tab Options

The element options provide for the primary mechanism for the creation and redefinition of Site Elements. When the Element tab is selected, the dialog depicted below is displayed.

Six tools to assign or modify elevations are provided. As each option is selected, the title bar as well as the left side of the dialog dynamically changes to reflect the selection.

Slope/Offset from Site Elements

The Slope/Offset from Site Element option is used for assigning elevations to Site Elements by placing the elements at an optional slope and offset height from existing Site Elements. In calculating the elevation from the existing Site Element, a projection is performed from the new Site Elements to the reference based on the minimum distance from the element to the existing reference element.

Radial From Existing Points

The Radial From Existing Point option is useful for establishing the elevation of elements relative to a specific point within another Object or Model. The tool uses a reference data point elevation and an optional slope and offset height to compute the elevation for the new element vertices.




Site Element Information

The Information Tool can be used to display coordinate information, Feature type, stroking information, Member Objects and Site Element Association information. Most importantly however, the Information Tools can be used to quickly change element information when needed. The dialog shows one tab of

Along Element From Existing Point

The Along Element from Existing Point tool assigns the elevations along an element at a constant slope and/or offset height from a data point. The data point will be projected to the element and the distance along the element from this point to the vertices will be used in conjunction with the slope and offset height to compute the elevation of the new element vertices.

Drape on Model / Object

The Drape on Model/Object tool is used to establish the elevation of Site Elements relative to the elevations contained in a model or object. It can be useful to set the elevation of elements relative to existing ground or another object.

Constant Elevation

Placing elements at a Constant Elevation may be utilized when the desired elevation of an element is known. It can be used to set the elevation of a building or even place a contour into an object. If the computed contours within an Object do not exactly match the desired results, simply draw the contour wanted and then place in the Object as a Contour Feature at a constant elevation.

Alignment

The Alignment tool is used to create Site Elements from a GEOPAK horizontal and vertical alignment. The alignments must have previously been created using one of the GEOPAK Coordinate Geometry features or the Horizontal and Vertical Alignment Generators. Once a Site Element is created from an alignment, the curbs, edges of pavement, etc., can be created using one of the other Site Element Creation tools based on this alignment. Typically this would be the Slope/Offset from Site Element.



Create an Abutment Object

the Information Tool dialog. Any vertices of the Site element can be modified and returned to the Site Element to achieve the desired result.


We are now going to create an abutment object and add the abutment footprint to our Site Model. We will assign an elevation to this element based on the current elevation of the exported 3D model of our bridge.

Creating an Abutment Object

1 Attach the 3D model of the bridge as a Microstation reference file (MS Menu: File > Reference).

2 Using Microstation line commands, trace the bottom of the abutment.

3 Select the Create New Object tool (Site Modeler menu: Object > New).

4 Enter the New Object information.

2. Click OK.5 Select the New / Edit Element tool (Site Modeler menu: Element > New/

Edit).

Object Type: Temporary Grading

Object Name: Abutment_1

Add to Active Model: Toggle On




6 Click the Constant Elevation icon in the Elements tab.

7 Enter the Element information.

8 Click Select Elements in the Define Elements group box.

9 Select the abutment footprint in MicroStation.

The element highlights when selected. Ensure it is the same color as your highlight color.

10 Click Apply.

11 Once the abutment footprint is successfully added to the model the contours are drawn.

Checking Ground Elevations

1 Select the Height/Slope tool. (Site Modeler menu: Analysis > Height/Slope).

Feature Type Break Line

Elevation8.06. This is the elevation of the 3d model at the footprint of the abutment.




2 Setup the dialog box as shown below.

3 Click Start and move the cursor to verify the elevation of the ground we want our abutment slope to target. Elevation ‐2 should be ok.

4 Close the Height/Slope dialog box.

Defining the Abutment Slopes

1 Select the Define Side Slope Element tool. (Site Modeler menu: Element > Side Slope).




2 Setup the dialog box as shown below.

3 Click Select Elements in the Define Elements group box.

4 Select the abutment sides we want to project to the ground.

The element highlights when selected. Ensure it is the same color as your highlight color.

5 Click Set Side. Set a data point on the exterior side of the abutment.

6 Click Apply.

Side slopes will be drawn and merged with the existing ground.

7 Save the Project. (Modeler: Project > Save).

8 Repeat the same steps as outline above to a new object for the second abutment.

Adjusting the Model Display in Microstation

1 Using the Model>Edit and Object>Edit commands in Site Modeler there are different ways to adjust the final display of your model. The steps outline below is just one of the many ways you can present the developed information for your final plans.

2 Select the Slopes tab in the Edit Object dialog. (Modeler: Object>Edit).




3 Activate the option to Display with Object.

4 Click Apply.

5 Select the Display tab in the Edit Object dialog. (Modeler: Object>Edit).

6 Adjust the display of the major and minor contours for the Abutment and Existing Ground object.

7 Click Apply and close the dialog box.

8 Select the Display Model tab in the Edit Model dialog. (Modeler: Model > Edit).

9 Deactivate all the display options for the model

10 Click Apply.

11 Select the Display Objects tab and activate all objects.

12 Activate the Display Base Object with the option of View Without Objects.

13 Click Apply and close and close the dialog box.

14 Review the generated contours in the Microstation file.

Writing the Visualized Contours in Microstation

1 Setup the Export Visualization dialog as shown below. (Site Modeler: Project > Export > Visualization to DGN).

2 Click Apply.

This will write the Abut1 object contours in the dgn file.

3 Repeat the same steps as above to write the contours for the Existing Ground Object.

4 Exit the Site project. (Site Modeler: Project > Exit).




5 Click Yes to save the current project.

6 Click No to the Lock Elements alert.

7 Exit Microstation.



Documents

LEAP Bridge Precast E1 TRN015400-1-0001