Leading Complexity - The Evolution of a Tech City

8/11/2019 Leading Complexity - The Evolution of a Tech City

1/87

MTd Zrakrbmmg ol Wrhbl Mblbkgmglt bl` @gvgcapmglt

Xattgr`bm, Pfg Lgtfgrcbl`s

Tgptgmhgr 8:20

Pfgsos

Potcg> Cgb`olk dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty

Egglbl Nbdesal

Tupgrvosar> Nbl Irblsgl

Tpgdobcozbtoal> Oltgkrbtg` Zcbllolk bl` Wrhbl Ttrbtgkogs

WM@ 2:


2/87

Cgb`olk dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty oo

MBTPGXT ZXAKXBMMG OL WXHBL MBLBKGMGLP BL@@GYGCAZMGLP

(Adtahgr 8:24Tgptgmhgr 8:20)

Cgb`olk dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai bPgdf Doty

Egglbl Nbdesal

Bustrbcob

Tupgrvosar> Nbl Irblsgl

WM@ 2: Xgpart lumhgr> 90?

Xattgr`bm, Tgptgmhgr 8:20


3/87

Cgbòlk dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty ooo

Tummbry

Pfos rgsgbrdf os bl oltgkrbtg` urhbl gdalamods pcbllolk stu`y tfbt blbcysgs tfg gvacutoal ai bdrgbtovg òkotbc dcustgr ol ollgr Gbst Calàl. Ots iadus cogs al tryolk ta kglgrbtg b hgttgrul`grstblòlk ai tfg dampcgx bdtoals bl` gvglts tfbt fbvg cg` ta ots gmgrkgldg bl`

gxpblsoal ol tfg cbst `gdb`g.Bitgr òsdussolk vbroaus daldgptubc ul`grstblòlks ai faw olùstry dcustgrs `gvgcap avgrtomg tfg b`bptovg dydcg ma`gc iram pblbrdfy tfgary os bàptg` bs b cgls ta `gsdrohg tfosdcustgrs gvacutoal. Pfg ma`gc os hbsg` al tfg bssumptoal tfbt dcustgrs dbl hg sggl bsdampcgx b`bptovg systgms wotf oltgrdallgdtg` bkglts dalstbltcy b`bptolk ta dfblkolkglvoralmglts.

Ol ar`gr ta bttgmpt ta gxpcbol tfg dcustgrs gvacutoal, b ma`gc hbsg` al dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop

tfgary os bàptg`. Ot iadusgs al tfg o`gltoiodbtoal ai òiigrglt b`molostrbtovg, b`bptovg bl`glbhcolk cgb`grsfop strbtgkogs tfbt fgcp suppart systgm `ylbmods.

B qubcotbtovg dbsg stu`y bpprabdf os usg` ta kglgrbtg b `gsdroptovg lbrrbtovg ai tfg dcustgrsgvacutoal. Pfos lbrrbtovg, `gvgcapg` tfraukf sgmo-strudturg` oltgrvogws bl` sgdal`bry `btb,sgrvgs bs tfg hbsos iar blbcysos. Dfblkgs ol spgdoiod b`bptovg òmglsoals brg o`gltoiog` bs wgccbs egy bdtoals bl` gvglts tfbt fbvg olicugldg` tfg dcustgrs gvacutoal.

Pfg rgsucts ai tfos stu`y sukkgst tfbt ta `btg tfg dcustgr fbs gvacvg` tfraukf twa pfbsgs ai tfgb`bptovg dydcg ma`gcrgarkblosbtoal bl` gxpcaotbtoal. Pfg cgvgc ai bddumucbtg` dbpotbc bl`dallgdtg`lgss fbs krawl ùrolk tfos tomg bl` tfg dcustgr bppgbrs ta hg rgcbtovgcy rgsocoglt tadfblkolk ylbmods.

Blbcysos bcsa olòdbtgs tfbt b`molostrbtovg cgb`grsfop bppgbrs ta fbvg hggl marg olicugltobc ol`gvgcapolk tfg dcustgr ùrolk tfg gxpcaotbtoal pfbsg tfbl tfg rgarkblosbtoal pfbsg. Glbhcolk

cgb`grsfop strbtgkogs fbvg hggl ompartblt ol hatf pfbsgs hut tfgy bppgbr ta fbvg hggl margpurpasgiuc ùrolk tfg gxpcaotbtoal pfbsg. Pfg dcustgr fbs kglgrbtg` bl oldrgbsolk bmault aib`bptovg cgb`grsfop autdamgs bs ot fbs gvacvg`. B egy glbhcolk cgb`grsfop bdtoal fbs hgglo`gltoiog` bs trblsotoalolk tfg dcustgr hgtwggl rgarkblosbtoal bl` gxpcaotbtoal pfbsgs.

Pfg stu`ys iolòlks wauc` oligr tfbt tfgrg os b racg iar marg b`molostrbtovg bdtoals wotfoldcustgr-hbsg` pacody. Fawgvgr, tfgsg bdtoals sfauc` hg tbegl dalso`grolk rgspgdt ai tfg lggìar b dgrtbol bmault ai butalamy wotfol tfg dcustgr ta bccaw ot ta b`bpt ta gvacvolkdordumstbldgs.

@ug ta tfgsg twa dampcgxoty tfgary hbsg` ma`gcs stocc hgolk rgcbtovgcy ul`gvgcapg`, ot osrgdammgl`g` tfbt iurtfgr bppcodbtoal ai tfg ma`gcs ta atfgr dbsgs hg dalùdtg` ol ar`gr ta

dampbrg mgtfa`s bl` iolòlks.

Egywar`s

Drgbtovg Dcustgrs5 Dampcgx B`bptovg Tystgms5 B`bptovg Dydcgs5 Dampcgxoty Cgb`grsfop5Gvacutoalbry Gdalamods.


4/87

Cgbòlk dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty ov

Bdelawcg`kgmglts

O wauc` coeg ta bdelawcg`kg tfg pgapcg wfa fbvg fgcpg` bl` suppartg` mg wotf tfg`gvgcapmglt ai tfos Mbstgrs tfgsos.

Iorstcy, O wauc` coeg ta tfble my ibmocy bl` irogl`s wfa lat alcy pravo`g` mggldaurbkgmglt tfraukfaut my stuògs hut bcsa oliarmbtoal tfbt òrgdtcy bo`g` tfg prakrgss aitfg rgsgbrdf. Dalvgrsbtoals bl` òsdussoals wotf tfgm fgcpg` kuo`g tfg dfaodg ai tfgsos tapodbl` pravo`g` mg wotf tfg rgcgvblt iorst daltbdts ta bpprabdf.

O gspgdobccy bpprgdobtg tfg cavg bl` dbrg pravo`g` hy Pgrgsb, wotfaut wfam tfos rgsgbrdf mbylat fbvg hggl passohcg.

O bcsa wblt ta gxprgss my krbtotu`g ta my cgdturgrs iar `gvgcapolk my ul`grstblòlk ai sudfdampcgx daldgpts bl` bcsa ta my tfgsos supgrvosar Nbl Irblsgl iar fos dammglts, igg`hbdebl` rgbssurbldg.

Cbstcy, O wauc` coeg ta tfble tfg pbrtodopblts ol tfg oltgrvogw dampalglt ai my rgsgbrdf wfa

woccolkcy aiigrg` tfgor tomg bl` apoloals tfbt fgcpg` oliarm tfg blbcysos wotfol.


5/87

Cgbòlk dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty v

Bhhrgvobtoals

DBT Dampcgx B`bptovg Tystgm

DKT Doty Krawtf Ttrbtgkogs

DCP Dampcgxoty Cgb`grsfop Pfgary

KCB Krgbtgr Calàl Butfaroty

OFT Olstotutg iar Fausolk bl` Wrhbl @gvgcapmglt

PDOA Pgdf Doty Olvgstmglt Arkblosbtoal

PTH Pgdflacaky Ttrbtgky Habr`

YD Yglturg Dbpotbc

WEPO Wlotg` Eolkàm Prb`g bl` Olvgstmglt


6/87

Cgbòlk dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty vo

Pbhcg ai Daltglts

Tummbry ................................................................................................................................. ooo

Egywar`s ................................................................................................................................ ooo

Bdelawcg`kgmglts ................................................................................................................. ovBhhrgvobtoals ........................................................................................................................... v

Cost ai Pbhcgs ........................................................................................................................ vooo

Cost ai Dfbrts ........................................................................................................................ vooo

Cost ai Iokurgs ....................................................................................................................... vooo

Dfbptgr 2> Oltraùdtoal .......................................................................................................... 22.2 Hbdekraul` ............................................................................................................................. 22.8 Zrahcgm Ttbtgmglt ................................................................................................................. 82.4 Xgsgbrdf Ahngdtovgs ............................................................................................................... 8

2.0 Xgsgbrdf Rugstoal(s) .............................................................................................................. 42.7 Tokloiodbldg ai tfg Ttu`y ........................................................................................................ 42.9 Tdapg bl` Comotbtoals ............................................................................................................ 4

Dfbptgr 8> Cotgrbturg rgvogw .................................................................................................. 08.2 Olùstry dcustgrs ..................................................................................................................... 08.8 Drgbtovg olùstry dcustgrs ...................................................................................................... 78.4 Dcustgr `gvgcapmglt bl` gvacutoal ....................................................................................... 9

8.4.2 Prbòtoalbc dcustgr tfgary ................................................................................................... 98.4.8 Gvacutoalbry gdalamod kgakrbpfy .................................................................................... ;8.4.4 Dampcgxoty gdalamods ...................................................................................................... ?

8.0 Olùstry dcustgrs bs dampcgx b`bptovg systgms .................................................................. 2:8.7 Dcustgr dalstrudtoal ............................................................................................................. 28

8.7.2 Dcustgr pacodogs bl` olotobtovgs ......................................................................................... 288.7.8 Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop tfgary .......................................................................................... 24

8.9 Bppcodbtoal ai dampcgxoty tfgarogs ta stu`yolk dcustgr gvacutoal ..................................... 208.; Daldgptubc Irbmgware ....................................................................................................... 20

Dfbptgr 4> Xgsgbrdf @gsokl bl` Mgtfa`s .......................................................................... 294.2 Xgsgbrdf Rugstoals............................................................................................................... 294.8 Xgsgbrdf Ttrbtgky ................................................................................................................. 294.4 Apgrbtoalbcosbtoal> Ybrobhcgs bl` Olòdbtars .................................................................... 2;4.0 @btb Daccgdtoal Mgtfa`s bl` Tbmpcolk ............................................................................. 88

4.0.2 Rubcotbtovg `btb daccgdtoal ............................................................................................... 884.0.8 @gsdroptoal ai sbmpcg ...................................................................................................... 884.0.4 Tgdal`bry `btb daccgdtoal ................................................................................................ 884.0.0 @btb daccgdtoal pfbsgs ..................................................................................................... 84

4.7 @btb Blbcysos Mgtfa`s ......................................................................................................... 844.9 Xgsgbrdf @gsokl Avgrvogw .................................................................................................. 804.; Ybcoòty bl` Xgcobhocoty ........................................................................................................ 80

4.;.2 Dalstrudt Ybcoòty ............................................................................................................ 874.;.8 Oltgrlbc Ybcoòty ............................................................................................................... 874.;.4 Gxtgrlbc Ybcoòty .............................................................................................................. 874.;.0 Xgcobhocoty ........................................................................................................................ 87

Dfbptgr 0> Iolòlks bl` Blbcysos ........................................................................................ 8;0.2 @gsdroptoal ai dbsg ................................................................................................................ 8;

0.2.2 Dcustgr mbegup ................................................................................................................ 8;0.2.8 Dcustgr kgakrbpfy ............................................................................................................ 86


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Cgbòlk dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty voo

0.8 @gsdroptovg lbrrbtovg> Pfg stary ai Pgdf Doty ................................................................... 8?0.8.2 Drgbtovg raats ................................................................................................................... 8?0.8.8 Lgw mgòb bl` ibcsg hgkollolks (2??7-8:::) ................................................................ 4:0.8.4 @gvgcapmglt ai Tocodal Xaul`bhaut (Mo` 8:::s-8:2:) ................................................ 420.8.0 Xosg ai Pgdf Doty (Zast 8:2:) ......................................................................................... 44

0.4 Blbcysos ai dcustgrgvacutoal ............................................................................................. 470.4.2 Prbòtoalbc dcustgr tfgary ................................................................................................. 470.4.8 Gvacutoalbry gdalamods .................................................................................................. 4;

0.0 Blbcysos ai dcustgrb`bptovg coig dydcg ............................................................................... 4?0.0.2 Xgarkblosbtoal - 8::8-8:2: ............................................................................................ 0:0.0.8 Gxpcaotbtoal - past 8:2: .................................................................................................. 08

0.7 Blbcysos ai dcustgrdampcgxoty cgb`grsfop ........................................................................ 090.7.2 Xgarkblosbtoal pfbsg ....................................................................................................... 090.7.8 Gxpcaotbtoal pfbsg ........................................................................................................... 72

0.9 Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop ol òiigrglt b`bptovg dydcg pfbsgs ................................................ 760.9.2 Xgarkblosbtoal vs gxpcaotbtoal ........................................................................................ 760.9.8 Poppolk paolts bl` trblsotoal ........................................................................................... 9:

0.9.4 Cgb`grsfop dampcgxoty wotfol tfg dcustgr ........................................................................ 92Dfbptgr 7> Daldcusoals bl` rgdammgl`btoals .................................................................. 90

7.2 B`bptovg dydcg ....................................................................................................................... 907.8 Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop .......................................................................................................... 907.4 Daltrohutoal ta dcustgr hbsg` pacodogs................................................................................. 977.0 Bppcodbhocoty ai ma`gcs ......................................................................................................... 977.7 Ybcoòty bl` rgcobhocoty ......................................................................................................... 997.9 Xgdammgl`btoals iar iurtfgr rgsgbrdf .............................................................................. 99

Hohcoakrbpfy ........................................................................................................................... 96

Bppglòx 2 .............................................................................................................................. ;?

@giolotoal ai olùstrogs ol tfg WE @okotbc Gdalamy .................................................................... ;?


8/87

Cgbòlk dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty vooo

Cost ai Pbhcgs

Pbhcg 2 - Gvacutoalbry gdalamods daldgpts bppcog` ta gdalamod kgakrbpfy ..................... ...................... ..................... ...... ;

Pbhcg 8 - Dfbrbdtgrostods ai dampcgx b`bptovg systgms ......................................................................................................... ?

Pbhcg 4 - B`bptovg dydcg òmglsoals apgrbtoalbcosbtoal ..................................................................................................... 8:

Pbhcg 0Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop iuldtoals apgrbtoalbcosbtoal .......................................................................................... 82

Pbhcg 7 - B`bptovg dydcg pfbsgs bppbrglt ol Gbst Calàl dcustgr brgb ............................................................................ 4?

Pbhcg 9 - Irgqugldy òstrohutoal ai cgb`grsfop strbtgkogs .................................................................................................. 7:

Pbhcg ; - Tuppartovg pacody dfblkgs ..................................................................................................................................... 72

Pbhcg 6 - Irgqugldy òstrohutoal ai cgb`grsfop strbtgkogs .................................................................................................. 7;

Pbhcg ? - Egy bdtoals, dfbrbdtgrostods bl` olicugldg ai dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop bdrass tfg gvacutoal ai tfg dcustgr ........ 98

Cost ai Dfbrts

Dfbrt 2Ollgr Gbst Calàl òkotbc gdalamy iorm daults 2??;-8:2: .................... ...................... ...................... .............. 0:

Dfbrt 8Ollgr Gbst Calàl òkotbc gdalamy gmpcaymglt cgvgcs 2??;-8:2: .................................................................. 02

Dfbrt 4 - Oliarmbtoal bl` dammulodbtoal olùstry husolgss daults hy cadbc butfaroty 8::?-8:24 ......... ..................... 08

Cost ai Iokurgs

Iokurg 2 - Cadbtoal ai Pgdf Doty dcustgr ol Calàl, WE ...................................................................................................... 2

Iokurg 8 - Egy gcgmglts ai b dcustgr ....................................................................................................................................... 7

Iokurg 4 - Zartgr's @obmal` ................................................................................................................................................... ;

Iokurg 0 - Coig Dydcg ai Dcustgrs ............................................................................................................................................. 6

Iokurg 7 - B`bptovg dydcg ....................................................................................................................................................... 22

Iokurg 9 - Maòiog` b`bptovg dydcg ....................................................................................................................................... 28

Iokurg ; - Daldgptubc irbmgware ........................................................................................................................................ 27

Iokurg 6 - Xgprgsgltbtoal ai rgsgbrdf `gsokl ...................................................................................................................... 80

Iokurg ?Dcustgr kgakrbpfy ................................................................................................................................................ 86

Iokurg 2: - Pgdf Doty Mbp - B Mbp ai dallgdtg` iorms wotfol tfg dcustgr usolk sadobc mgòb lgtwares ....... ............... 8?

Iokurg 22 - Arokolbc 'Tocodal Xaul`bhaut' twggt bl` Gvglolk Ttbl`br` brtodcg .............................................................. 48

Iokurg 28 - [[email protected]'s gxpbl`g` cost ai dampblogs. ................................................................................................. 48

Iokurg 24 - Pgdf Doty krawtf ol alcolg dallgdtoals ............................................................................................................ 00

Iokurg 20 - Oliakrbpfod dfbrtolk krawtf ol tfg @okotbc Tfargòtdf Igstovbc ...................... ...................... ..................... .... 07

Iokurg 27 - Pfg Kubròbl's wfa's wfa ai Pgdf Doty .......................................................................................................... 79


9/87

Cgb`grsfop Dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty 2

Dfbptgr 2> Oltraùdtoal

Pfos dfbptgr pravo`gs bl avgrvogw ai tfg rgsgbrdf tapod bl` gxpcbols tfg rbtoalbcg iardalùdtolk tfg rgsgbrdf bl` dfaasolk tfos spgdoiod dbsg. Ot pravo`gs hbdekraul` oliarmbtoalompartblt ta ul`grstblòlk tfg dbsg bl` `gsdrohgs tfg rgsgbrdf prahcgm, ahngdtovgs bl`

qugstoals. Ot daldcu`gs wotf bl gxpcblbtoal ai tfg rgsgbrdf sdapg bl` comotbtoals.

2.2 Hbdekraul`

Gvgr soldg Zartgrs sgmolbc tgxt tfg Dampgtotovg B`vbltbkg ai Lbtoalspuhcosfg` ol 2??:, tfgo`gb ai olùstry dcustgrs bs b mgdfblosm iar gdalamod krawtf bl` ollavbtoal fbs oltrokug`

pacodymbegrs bl` husolgsspgapcg bcoeg. Fawgvgr, tfg blbcysos ai dcustgrs fbs pravg`dfbccglkolk bs tfgy olvacvg dampcgx wghs ai oltgrcoleg` iorms bl` olstotutoals oltgrbdtolk ol`ylbmod wbys. Pfgor gvacutoalbry pbtfs brg aitgl uldgrtbol wotf nust bs mbly suiigrolk blgbrcy `gbtf bs tfasg kaolk al ta survovg iar `gdb`gs.

Ol tfg wbeg ai tfg kcahbc iolbldobc drosos ol Hrotbol, kavgrlmglts bl` tfg provbtg sgdtar wgrg

caaeolk ta o`gltoiy lgw saurdgs ai krawtf bl` ollavbtoal tfbt dauc` pravo`g b pbtf aut ai tfgrgdgssoal. B daldgltrbtoal ai smbcc drgbtovg tgdflacaky iorms ol ollgr Gbst Calàl wbso`gltoiog` bs fbvolk tfg patgltobc ta kraw quotg rbpo`cy bl` pgrfbps gstbhcosf tfg dbpotbc bs bfuh iar tfg lgw òkotbc gdalamy. Pfos dcustgr fb` sggmolkcy krawl arkblodbccy avgr tfg

prgvoaus 7-2: ygbrs bl` fb` pravg` rgmbrebhcy rgsocoglt ta tfg àwlturl tfbt fb` biigdtg`mast atfgr olùstrogs ol tfg WE.

Ot fbs gxpgrogldg` dalso`grbhcg krawtf ol rgdglt tomgs, mavolk al iram b kraup ai smbccdampblogs addupyolk sfbrg` wareolk spbdg ta law hgolk famg ta muctolbtoalbc darparbtoalsbl` lumgraus cbrkg stbrt-up olduhbtars. Ol 8::6, tfgrg wgrg 27 tgdflacaky stbrt-ups o`gltoiog`bs apgrbtolk ol tfg vodoloty ai Ac` Ttrggt ol tfg òstrodt ai Tfargòtdf ol Gbst Calàl. Ol 8:24tfgrg wgrg avgr 2,4:: tgdflacaky rgcbtg` husolgssgs ol tfg hrab`gr dcustgr brgb (FMKavgrlmglt, 8:28). TggIokurg 2 iar tfg bppraxombtg cadbtoal.

Iokurg 2 - Cadbtoal ai Pgdf Doty dcustgr ol Calàl, WE

Taurdg> Krbpfbtcbs.dam, 8:20


10/87


Pfos rgsgbrdf iadusgs al tfg gvacutoal ai tfos dcustgr tfbt os dammalcy rgigrrg` ta law bsPgdf Doty. Ai pbrtoducbr oltgrgst ta tfos stu`y os tfg blbcysos ai bdtoals bl` gvglts tfbtbccawg` tfg dcustgr ta gvacvg bl` b`bpt ta dfblkolk `ylbmods. Tystgms tfbt brg dfbrbdtgrosg`

hy gvacutoalbry b`bptbtoal wotfaut b dgltrbc daltraccolk mgdfblosm brg aitgl `gsdrohg` bsdampcgx b`bptovg systgms ar DBT (Faccbl`, 2??8). Pfg Gbst Calàl dcustgr bppgbrs ta

rgsgmhcg b DBT wotf mudf ai ots krawtf bttrohutg` ta tfg sgci-arkblosolk bdtovotogs ai cadbcgltrgprglgurs wotf b smbcc glbhcolk racg pcbyg` hy kavgrlmglt (Dbmphgcc, 8:20).

Pfos rgsgbrdf wocc iadus al wfbt os `gsdrohg` bs dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop wfodf os faw tfgoltgrbdtoals hgtwggl vbroaus bkglts wotfol b systgm cgb` ta ollavbtovg bl` b`bptovg autdamgs(Codftglstgol gt bc., 8::9). Autdamgs sudf bs faw tfg b`fad sfbrolk ai warespbdg cg` taoliarmbc lgtwareolk gvglts bl` tfg daololk ai bl olotobc dcustgr lbmg (Dawbl, 8:24). Faw bmggtolk hgtwggl bl gltrgprglgur bl` b Zromg Molostgrs pacody b`vosarcg` ta bl oldrgbsg oldbpotbc bl` bl gxpblsoal ai kgakrbpfy ([aa`, 8:24). Faw b pbrtlgrsfop hgtwggl b tgdf kobltbl` husolgss olduhbtars fbs bttrbdtg` oltgrlbtoalbc bttgltoal bl` olngdtg` drgbtovg tglsoal (O0).

2.8 Zrahcgm Ttbtgmglt

@gspotg tfg `gptf ai gmporodbc blbcysos ai olùstry dcustgrs ol tfg cbst twa `gdb`gs, ot fbs hggllatg` tfbt tfgrg os stocc la bddgptg` tfgary ai dcustgr gvacutoal (Tulcgy bl` Mbrtol, 8:22).Pfg `gvgcapmglt ai dcustgrs bdrass tfg warc` fbs pravg` ta hg bs vbryolk bl` dampcgx bs tfgoltgrbdtoals wotfol tfgm.

Dalso`grolk tfg wgokft ai rgsaurdgs bl` pacody giiart put olta krawolk bl` mboltbololkolùstry dcustgrs, b hgttgr ul`grstblòlk ai wfbt olicugldgs tfgor `gvgcapmglt os drudobc. Mastkavgrlmglts brg stocc bt a``s avgr wfgtfgr ta hg òrgdtovg ar fbl`s-aii wfgl `gbcolk wotflgw ar gxostolk dcustgrs. Ibocg` dcustgr pacody damgs bt b fukg dast ta b`molostrbtoals bl`bcsa samgtomgs ta tfg rgcbtovg calk-tgrm dampgtotovg b`vbltbkg ai b rgkoal ar doty.

Pgdf Doty fac`s tfg dammgrdobc bl` dammuloty oltgrgsts ai b vbst bmault ai pgapcg ol GbstCalàl bl` tfg WE. Moccoals ai paul`s fbvg hggl olvgstg` ol tgdf stbrt-ups bl` tfg urhblcbl`sdbpg fbs dfblkg` dalso`grbhcy ol tfg cbst iovg ygbrs bs b rgsuct ai tfg dcustgrs krawtf.Blbcysolk tfg gvacutoal ai tfg dcustgr bl` tfg dampcgx strbtgkogs tfbt fbvg glbhcg` ots krawtfos drudobc iar ul`grstblòlk tfg patgltobc iuturg ai tfg dcustgr bl` bcsa tfg mgdfblosms iarglbhcolk atfgr dcustgrs ol tfg daultry ta kraw.

2.4 Xgsgbrdf Ahngdtovgs

Pfg mbol ahngdtovg ai tfg rgsgbrdf os ta gxbmolg wfbt dampcgx cgb`grsfop strbtgkogs glbhcg`tfg gvacutoal ai tfg drgbtovg òkotbc dcustgr ol ollgr Gbst Calàl. Pfg stu`y wocc bcsa gxpcargtfg bppcodbhocoty ai bl b`bptovg dydcg bs b `gsdroptovg rgprgsgltbtoal ai tfg dcustgrs gvacutoal.

Pfg blbcysos boms ta o`gltoiy bdtoals bl` gvglts wotfol tfg dcustgr tfbt olicugldg` tfg`gvgcapmglt ai tfg dcustgr tfraukf òiigrglt pfbsgs ai tfos b`bptovg dydcg.

Pfg iolòlks dbl hg usg` ta gstbhcosf proldopcgs iar giigdtovg dcustgr mblbkgmglt tfbt dbloliarm iuturg dcustgr pacody. Pfg rgsgbrdf dbl bcsa sgrvg bs bl b`òtoalbc olsokft olta tfgsuotbhocoty ai b`bptolk dampcgxoty tfgary daldgpts ta tfg stu`y ai tfg gvacutoal ai dcustgrs arsomocbr arkblosbtoalbc lgtwares.


11/87


2.0 Xgsgbrdf Rugstoal(s)

Pfg mbol qugstoal tfbt tfos rgsgbrdf wauc` coeg ta blswgr os>

[fbt racg ò` òiigrglt dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop iuldtoals pcby ol tfg `gvgcapmglt ai Gbst

Calàls drgbtovg òkotbc dcustgr1

Tpgdoiodbccy, tfos rgsgbrdf sgges ta iol` blswgrs ta tfg iaccawolk suh-qugstoals>

Faw dcasgcy àgs tfg dcustgrs `gvgcapmglt rgicgdt tfg gbrcy pfbsgs ai bl b`bptovg

dydcg1 Faw fbvg tfg b`bptovg òmglsoals ai bddumucbtg` dbpotbc, dallgdtg`lgss bl`

rgsocogldg dfblkg` avgr tomg1

[fbt strbtgkogs wotfol b`molostrbtovg, b`bptovg bl` glbhcolk cgb`grsfop iuldtoals fbvg

hggl ompartblt ol tfg `gvgcapmglt ai tfg dcustgr ta `btg1

[fodf ai tfgsg cgb`grsfop iuldtoals fbvg hggl mast olicugltobc bt òiigrglt pfbsgs ai tfg

dcustgrs gvacutoal1

2.7 Tokloiodbldg ai tfg Ttu`yIram b tfgargtodbc stbl`paolt, tfos rgsgbrdf pravo`gs blatfgr pgrspgdtovg al tfg bppcodbtoal aibl b`bptovg dydcg ma`gc ta b sadobc systgm. Ol pbrtoducbr ot aiigrs bl gvbcubtoal ai tfg ma`gcta dcustgr `gvgcapmglts. Xgdglt cotgrbturg (Tulcgy bl` Mbrtol, 8:22) fbs fokfcokftg` tfgwgbelgssgs ol trbòtoalbc dcustgr coig dydcg ma`gcs iar gxpcbololk tfg vbrogty ai pbtfwbys tfbtdcustgrs dbl tbeg. Pfos tfgsos wocc pravo`g samg olput olta wfgtfgr tfg b`bptovg dydcg os b

hgttgr taac iar `gsdroholk dcustgr gvacutoal.

Ol b`òtoal, tfos rgsgbrdf sgges ta gxpcarg tfg dalstrudtovg iardgs tfbt sfbpg dcustgrs ol b wbytfbt os cgss utocosg` ol mast dcustgr rgsgbrdf. Oltgrbdtoals hgtwggl bkglts ol b dcustgr brg sbo`ta hg drudobc ol ul`grstblòlk tfg suddgss ar ibocurg ai b dcustgr (Tcvgcc, 8::6) bl` tfos tfgsos

usgs tfg daldgpt ai dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop tfgary ta blbcysg tfgsg oltgrbdtoals. Pfos tfgaryfbs hggl bàptg` iar stu`yolk atfgr sadobc systgms hut os stocc b `gvgcapolk iogc` ai stu`y.Pfgrgiarg, tfos rgsgbrdf aiigrs bl b`òtoalbc dbsg tfbt dbl oliarm tfg krawolk ha`y ai wareiadussg` al cgb`grsfop wotfol dampcgx b`bptovg systgms.

Dcustgr pacodogs bl` strbtgkogs brg papucbr taacs iar puhcod bl` provbtg sgdtar cgb`grs wfa brgbttgmptolk ta huoc` tfg dampgtotovglgss ai tfgor nurosòdtoal ar iorm. Pfos rgsgbrdfs iolòlksmby fgcp ta oliarm durrglt dcustgr olotobtovgs ar iuturg dcustgr pacody. Ot mby pravo`g bòiigrglt pgrspgdtovg al faw dampcgxoty wotfol olùstry dcustgrs, gspgdobccy drgbtovg algs,dbl hg mblbkg` bl` utocosg` ta ompravg tfg b`bptbhocoty bl` ollavbtoal ai tfg dcustgr.

2.9 Tdapg bl` Comotbtoals

Pfos stu`y prombrocy rgcogs al b qubcotbtovg rgsgbrdf bpprabdf, wfodf cgbvgs tfg blbcysos ai`btb apgl ta suhngdtovg oltgrprgtbtoals. Tgdal`bry `btb os utocosg` ta ompravg oltgrlbc vbcoòty.

Pfg usg ai b solkcg dbsg stu`y ta blbcysg dampcgxoty daldgpts comots tfg kglgrbcosbtoal aiiolòlks. Pfg usg ai tfgargtodbc irbmgwares ta kuo`g blbcysos pravo`gs iolòlks tfbt brgblbcytodbccy kglgrbcosbhcg ta atfgr dbsgs.

Pfg hrgvoty ai tomg bccawg` iar iogc`ware bl` tfg rgsgbrdfgrs olotobc ulibmocobroty wotf tfgdcustgr hgolk blbcysg` patgltobccy biigdts tfg qubcoty ai `btb dfaodgs bl` oltgrprgtovg blbcysos.Hbdekraul` rgsgbrdf bl` òsdussoals wotf bdquboltbldgs ol tfg olùstry fgcpg` suppart

purpasovg sbmpcolk bl` ul`grstblòlk ai dcustgr `ylbmods.


12/87


Dfbptgr 8> Cotgrbturg rgvogw

Pfos dfbptgr wocc gxpcarg tfg tfgargtodbc daldgpts tfbt kuo`g tfg rgsgbrdf bl` blbcysosdalùdtg` bs pbrt ai tfg tfgsos. Ot wocc stbrt hy òsdussolk tfg hbsod daldgpts ai trbòtoalbcdcustgr tfgary bl` wfgtfgr ot os bl bppraprobtg mgdfblosm ta gxpcbol tfg spbtobc arogltbtoal ai

iorms wotfol drgbtovg olùstrogs. Prbòtoalbc gvacutoalbry gdalamod tfgarogs ai dcustgr`gvgcapmglt wocc bcsa hg `gsdrohg`, bs wgcc bs marg rgdglt pgrspgdtovgs tfbt bpprabdfdcustgrs bs dampcgx b`bptovg systgms. Iaccawolk tfos ot wocc caae bt tfg racg ai cgb`grsfop bs b`ylbmod mgdfblosm ta glbhcg tfg gmgrkgldg ai dampcgx systgms sudf bs dcustgrs. Pfgdfbptgr wocc daldcu`g wotf bl gxpcblbtoal ai tfg daldgptubc irbmgware bàptg` iar tfosrgsgbrdf.

8.2 Olùstry dcustgrs

Pfg daldgpt ai olùstry dcustgrs bl` tfgor ompartbldg ta rgkoalbc bl` lbtoalbcdampgtotovglgss dbmg ta pramolgldg ol tfg gbrcy 2??:s. Modfbgc Zartgr wbs alg ai tfg iorst,bl` brkubhcy stocc tfg mast olicugltobc, prapalglts ai tfg dampgtotovg b`vbltbkg kbolg` hysomocbr iorms ar suh-olùstrogs cadbtolk ol dcasg praxomoty ta gbdf atfgr. Fg brkugs tfbt oltgr-iorm daapgrbtoal bl` dampgtotoal tfbt hrgg`s ollavbtoal bl` praùdtovoty os mbkloiog` wotfkrgbtgr kgakrbpfod daldgltrbtoal (Zartgr, 2??:).

Zartgrs ware huoct al mudf gbrcogr o`gbs ai olùstrobc cadbcosbtoal, mast latbhcy tfasg aiBcirg` Mbrsfbcc. Ol fos haae Zroldopcg ai Gdalamods, puhcosfg` alg ful`rg` ygbrs hgiargZartgrs dcustgr daldgpt, Mbrsfbcc `gtbocs tfg b`vbltbkgs kglgrbtg` hy seoccg` pgapcg olsomocbr trb`gs da-cadbtolk. Pfgsg oldcu`g> tfg `gvgcapmglt bl` uptbeg ai lgw o`gbs5 tfgsfbrg` usg ai spgdobcosg` gxpglsovg mbdfolgry5 bl` krgbtgr giiodogldy ol suppcy bl` `gmblài seoccg` cbhaur (Mbrsfbcc, 26?:). Pfgsg hglgiots brg law dammalcy bssadobtg` wotf tfgdaldgpt ai gdalamogs ai bkkcamgrbtoal, wfodf rgigrs ta tfg rgùdtoal ol trblsbdtoal dasts hy

iorms tfbt dcustgr wotfol spgdoiod la`gs ol bl urhbl brgb (Faavgr, 2?06).Lumgraus stuògs olta spbtobc daldgltrbtoal ai iorms bl` olùstrogs wgrg dalùdtg` hgiargbl` bitgr Zartgrs gbrcy ware olta dcustgrs hut lalg fbvg hggl bs olicugltobc. Fos tgrmolacaky

fbs mb`g ots wby olta rgsgbrdf hy gdalamod kgakrbpfgrs tfbt prgvoauscy daolg` atfgr`gsdroptovg tgrms bl` fos tfgarogs rgkbròlk tfg racg ai kavgrlmglt fbvg oliarmg` dcustgr`gvgcapmglt pacodogs bdrass tfg kcahg (Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8::4). Zartgr `giolgs b dcustgr bs>

b kgakrbpfodbccy praxombtg kraup ai oltgrdallgdtg` dampblogs bl` bssadobtgòlstotutoals ol b pbrtoducbr iogc`, coleg` hy dammalbcotogs bl`dampcgmgltbrotogs.(Zartgr, 2??6b p.0)

Pfgrg os samg `ghbtg avgr tfg vbkuglgss ai Zartgrs `giolotoal ai b dcustgr, gspgdobccy tfg cbdeai dcgbr comots ta tfg kgakrbpfy ar typg ai olstotutoals tfbt `gsoklbtg b spgdobcosg`daldgltrbtoal (Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8::4). Fawgvgr, tfgrg os kglgrbc bddgptbldg ai tfg egygcgmglts ai fos `giolotoal - tfbt b dcustgr dalsosts ai iorms bl` olstotutoals5 tfbt tfgrg brgkglgrbc olùstrobc dbtgkarosbtoal bl` spbtobc haul`brogs ta tfg dcustgr (oi b hot vbkug)5 bl` tfbttfgrg brg dallgdtoals hgtwggl bkglts ol tfg dcustgr (Mglzgc bl` Iarlbfc, 8::;). TggIokurg 8iar b òbkrbmmbtod rgprgsgltbtoal ai tfgsg gcgmglts.


13/87


Iokurg 8 - Egy gcgmglts ai b dcustgr

Taurdg> Mglzgc bl` Iarlbfc, 8::;

Pfg ompartbldg ai dcustgrs ta tfg `gvgcapmglt bl` dampgtotovglgss ai urhbl rgkoals fbs hgglwgcc àdumgltg`. Xgsgbrdf fbs sfawl tfbt iorms wotfol dcustgrs gxpgrogldg fokfgr rbtgs ai

praùdtovoty bl` ollavbtoal tfbl tfasg autso`g dcustgrs (Ecgppgr, 8:2:). Pfgy fbvg bcsa hgglsukkgstg` bs mgdfblosms iar tfg rgkglgrbtoal ai ollgr doty brgbs (Zartgr, 2??7).

8.8 Drgbtovg olùstry dcustgrs

Ol rgdglt `gdb`gs, mudf òsdussoal fbs `gvgcapg` braul` tfg rosg ai b lgw dcbss ai olùstrogsbl` iorms tfbt àlt iot trbòtoalbc olùstry dbtgkarosbtoal. Pfg tgrm drgbtovg olùstrogs fbs

hggl daolg` ta rgigr ta tfasg bdtovotogs wfodf fbvg tfgor arokol ol olòvoùbc drgbtovoty, seoccbl` wfodf fbvg tfg patgltobc iar wgbctf bl` nah drgbtoal tfraukf tfg kglgrbtoal bl`gxpcaotbtoal ai oltgccgdtubc prapgrty (@DMT, 2??6 dotg` hy Hgrk bl` Fbssole, 8:24, p.7).Pfgy tgl` ta rgprgsglt tfg oltgrsgdtoal hgtwggl dammgrdobc bl` ducturbc gltgrprosg bl`kglgrbccy oldcu`g olùstrogs sudf bs tgcgvosoal, iocm, pgriarmolk brts, b`vgrtosolk, `gsokl,saitwbrg `gvgcapmglt bl` òkotbc mgòb (Purae, 8::4).

Drgbtovg olùstrogs fbvg bcsa òspcbyg` b tgl`gldy ta dcustgr ta bdfogvg cadbcosbtoal blùrhblosbtoal gdalamogs (Cbzzgrgtto gt bc., 8::?). Gvgl Xodfbr` Icaro`b, pgrfbps tfg mast wgccelawl prapalglt ai tfg gdalamod `gvgcapmglt hglgiots kglgrbtg` hy tfg sa-dbccg` drgbtovgdcbss, o`gltoiogs tfg racg ai spbtobc praxomoty. Fg `gsdrohgs faw `gspotg tfg oldrgbsg ol

tgdflacakodbc dbpbhocotogs tfbt fbvg ompravg` tgcgdammulodbtoals bl` trblspart systgms,fokf-tgdf elawcg`kg hbsg` olùstrogs daltolug ta daldgltrbtg ol spgdoiod cadbtoals (Icaro`b,8::4).

B qugstoal brosgs bs ta wfy òkotbc hbsg` drgbtovg olùstrogs dcustgr gvgl tfaukf tfgy brg sgglta hg lat bs rgcoblt al pfysodbc praxomoty ta suppcogrs ar dalsumgrs bs trbòtoalbc olùstrobc

praùdgrs. Pfgrg os gvo`gldg ta sukkgst tfbt elawcg`kg oltglsovg iorms, wfodf kglgrbccymbeg up b cbrkg prapartoal ai drgbtovg olùstrogs, stbl` ta hglgiot cgss iram bkkcamgrbtoalgdalamogs (Hasdfmb bl` Irglegl, 8:22). Ot fbs, fawgvgr, hggl sfawl tfbt drgbtovg iorms

bl` olùstrogs stocc kbol b`vbltbkgs iram tfg daapgrbtoal bl` dampgtotoal praùdg` hy tfgvgrtodbc bl` farozaltbc colebkgs tfbt dcustgrs pravo`g (vbl Fgur, 8::?).


14/87


Blatfgr prapasg` blswgr os tfbt ollavbtovg bdtovoty rgcogs fgbvocy al tbdot elawcg`kg. Pfos ospassohcy gvgl marg sa law ùg ta tfg uhoquotaus lbturg ai marg trb`bhcg elawcg`kg, wfodfmbegs ot fbr`gr ta kbol b dampgtotovg b`vbltbkg (Mbsegcc, 8::2). Pbdot elawcg`kg os sbo` ta

hg rgcbtovgcy spbtobccy stodey bs ot rgcogs al oltgrbdtoalshgtwggl òiigrglt bkglts wfa sfbrg bdammal sadobc daltgxt (Kgrtcgr, 8::4). Mbsegcc (8::2) sukkgst tfbt tfg colebkgs hgtwggl

vbroaus iorms wotfol dcustgrs sgrvg ta glfbldg pradgssgs ai elawcg`kg drgbtoal, wfodf osdrudobc iar drgbtovg olùstrogs.

Drgbtovg dcustgrs brg bcsa bssumg` ta hg prgàmolbltcy cadbtg` ol urhbl brgbs. Dotogs pravo`gtfg lgdgssbry oltgrbdtovg glvoralmglt iar lgw o`gbs ta hg sfbrg`, òsdussg`, b`bptg` bl`trblsiarmg` olta ollavbtovg praùdts bl` pradgssgs (Purae, 8::4)

Pfg krawolk rgdaklotoal ai drgbtovg dcustgrs fbs gmpfbsosg` tfg ompartbldg ai ollavbtoalbl` elawcg`kg spoccavgrs bs `rovolk ibdtars ai olùstry daldgltrbtoal bs wgcc bs tfg margtrbòtoalbc giiodogldy kbols (Tcvgcc, 8::?). Oltgrbdtoal hgtwggl iorms bl` olstotutoals os sbo`ta hg tfg hbsos ai ollavbtoals ol dcustgrs (Tcvgcc, 8::?). Pfos os gqubccy rgcgvblt ta drgbtovgolùstrogs wfgrg lgw praùdts, pradgssgs bl` husolgssgs brg aitgl harl aut ai òsdussoals

hgtwggl òiigrglt bkglts.

8.4 Dcustgr `gvgcapmglt bl` gvacutoal

[focg tfgrg os b kglgrbc bddgptbldg ai tfg daldgpt ai dcustgrolk ai iorms bl` bssadobtgàrkblosbtoals, tfgrg brg b lumhgr ai tfgarogs ta `gsdrohg faw dcustgrs `gvgcap bl` gvacvgavgr tomg.

8.4.2 Prbòtoalbc dcustgr tfgaryOlotobc bpprabdfgs ta tfg stu`y ai dcustgrs fbvg usg` trbòtoalbc husolgss gdalamod mgtfa`s tagxpcbol faw tfgy `gvgcap bl` gvacvg. Xgsgbrdf tgl`g` ta iadus al tfg gxakglaus iardgs tfbtolicugldg iorm hgfbvoaur bl` pbttgrls ai spbtobc òstrohutoal (Fg gt bc., 8:22). Mbly stuògs

caaeg` bt tfg pfysodbc glàwmglts ar strbtgkod cadbtoal ai rgkoals tfbt olicugldg` olùstrobcar trbòlk dampblogs ta da-cadbtg (Egtgcs, 8::4). Fawgvgr, cadbtoal ibdtars bcalg fbvg lathggl daldcusovg ol gxpcbololk tfg `gvgcapmglt ar lal-`gvgcapmglt ai dcustgrs ol somocbrbrgbs (Zau`gr bl` Tt. Nafl, 2??9).

Atfgr rgsgbrdf fbs caaeg` bt ompartblt dampblogs ar gùdbtoal olstotutoals tfbt sgrvg` bs tfgcbuldfolk pb` iar spol-aii dampblogs ar bs bttrbdtars ta dampcgmgltbry suppcogrs (Egtgcs bl`Mgmgàvod, 8::6). Pfgrg os bcsa dalso`grbhcg wgokft kovgl ta tfg racg ai dfbldg ol tfgsuddgss ai fokfcy dampgtotovg dcustgrs (Zau`gr bl` Tt. Nafl, 2??9).

Zartgr `gsdrohgs faw tfg hgkollolks ai b dcustgr aitgl rgcbtg hbde ta tfg prgsgldg ai ibdtarswotfol fos dampgtotovg òbmal` ma`gc (

Iokurg 4). Fg occustrbtgs faw dcustgrs fbvg iarmg` ol cadbtoals wotf strbtgkod rgsaurdgs,stralk spgdobcosg` cadbc `gmbl`, gstbhcosfg` rgcbtg` dcustgrs, ar pbrtoducbrcy `ylbmoddampblogs (Zartgr, 2??6h). Pfg òbmal` ma`gc fbs hggl usg` hy mbly ta lat alcy gxpcboltfg dfbrbdtgrostods ai b dcustgr, hut bcsa ta oliarm strbtgkogs bomg` bt `gvgcapolk gstbhcosfg`dcustgrs iurtfgr (Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8::4). Pfg kglgrbc o`gb os tfbt hy glbdtolk pacodogs tfbtompravg lgdgssbry rgsaurdgs (olirbstrudturg, seoccg` cbhaur) bl` drgbtg b cadbc glvoralmglttfbt ibdocotbtgs dampgtotoal bl` lgw husolgss stbrt-ups, dcustgrs wocc praspgr (Zartgr, 2??6b).

Aldg tfg hgkollolk ai b dcustgr os gstbhcosfg`, ot os bssumg` tfbt bkkcamgrbtoal gdalamogswocc bttrbdt lgw iorms bl` olstotutoals ta tfg brgb rgoliardolk tfg olotobc `gvgcapmglt (Zau`grbl` Tt. Nafl, 2??9). Pfg `gvgcapmglt ai b dcustgr avgrtomg os sbo` ta hg fgbvocy `gpgl`glt al

ots bhocoty ta mboltbol dampgtotovg rovbcry wfodf hrgg`s ollavbtoal bl` ots bhocoty ta b`bpt tadfblkolk tgdflacaky bl` mbregt gmbl` (Zartgr, 2??6h).


15/87

Cgb`grsfop Dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty ;

Iokurg 4 - Zartgr's @obmal`

Taurdg> Zartgr, 2??:

Pfgrg os, fawgvgr, bl ahsgrvbtoal bmalkst rgsgbrdfgrs tfbt dcustgr tfgary aiigrs b cat aiolsokft olta faw dcustgrs iuldtoal hut dammgltbry al tfg coig dydcg ai dcustgrs, oldcuòlk fawtfgy gmgrkg bl` gvacvg avgr tomg, os oldampcgtg (Mbsegcc bl` Eghor, 8::95 Mglzgc blÌarlbfc, 8::;).

8.4.8 Gvacutoalbry gdalamod kgakrbpfyOl rgdglt `gdb`gs, tfg `gvgcapolk iogc` ai gvacutoalbry gdalamod kgakrbpfy fbs pravo`g`blatfgr pgrspgdtovg ta blbcysg tfg wby dcustgrs `gvgcap bl` gvacvg. Xgsgbrdf ol tfos brgb

kglgrbccy b`bpts daldgpts iram tfg hrab`gr iogc` ai gvacutoalbry gdalamods ta oliarm lgwgdalamod kgakrbpfy tfgarogs (Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8::9).

Gvacutoalbry gdalamods os b hrbldf ai gdalamods tfbt bàpts kglgrbc bl` aitgl hoacakodbc,latoals ai gvacutoal ta stu`y faw gdalamod vbrobhcgs ar systgms dfblkg avgr tomg (Lgcsal,2??7). Gdalamod kgakrbpfy `gvgcapg` iram tfg ul`grstblòlk tfbt mgdfblosms ai gdalamod`gvgcapmglt brg spbtobccy òstoldt bl` kgakrbpfodbccy `gtgrmolg` (Mbrtol, 2???).Gvacutoalbry gdalamod kgakrbpfy tfgrgiarg bttgmpts ta gxpcbol tfg spbtobc gvacutoal aigdalamod bkglts iram tfg gcgmgltbry pradgssgs bl` hgfbvoaurs ai arkblosbtoals, typodbccyiorms (Hasdfmb bl` Irglegl, 8:22).

[fgl bppcog` ta dcustgrs, gvacutoalbry gdalamod tfgarogs fbvg hggl usg` ta gxpcbol wfy

dcustgrs gmgrkg ol spgdoiod brgbs bl` glùrg `gspotg tfg passohcg lal-gxostgldg ai stralkcadbcosbtoal gdalamogs (Hasdfmb bl` Irglegl, 8:22). Ol tfgsg dbsgs, tfgy brg sbo` ta gvacvgvob spol-aiis iram pbrglts dampblogs bl` b survovbc ai tfg iottgst mgltbcoty tfbt sggs tfg margsuddgssiuc spol-aiis kglgrbtg lgw spol-aiis tfgmsgcvgs (Hasdfmb bl` Irglegl, 8:22). Brblkg ai gvacutoalbry gdalamod daldgpts fbs hggl bàptg` ta gxpcbol tfg spbtobc iarmbtoal aiiorms ar olùstrogs.Pbhcg 2 `gsdrohgs samg ai tfg mast dammal daldgpts.

Pbhcg 2 - Gvacutoalbry gdalamods daldgpts bppcog` ta gdalamod kgakrbpfy

Gvacutoalbry gdalamods daldgpt Bppcodbtoal ta gdalamod kgakrbpfy bl` dcustgrs

Xautolgs Iorm cgvgc arkblosbtoalbc seoccs brg `gvgcapg` avgr tomg vob gxpgrogldg bl` tbdotelawcg`kg sfbrolk wfodf òspcbys gcgmglts ai spbtobc daldgltrbtoal.

Zbtf @gpgl`gldy Pfg iuturg òrgdtoal ai iorms ar dcustgrs os fgbvocy `gpgl`glt al tfg fostarodbc daltgxtol wfodf tfgy brg cadbtg`.


16/87


Cade-Ol Iorms hgdamg cadeg` olta spgdoiod pbtfwbys hgdbusg ai tfgor rgcobldg al kovgltgdflacaky ar rgsaurdgs.

Oldrgbsolk Xgturls Zasotovg igg`hbde giigdts iram bkkcamgrbtoal gdalamogs rgoliardg tfg `gvgcapmglt aidcustgrs.

Dfbldg Iorm `gdosoals ta cadbtg ol dgrtbol brgbs mby hg orrbtoalbc5 dcustgrs mby `gvgcaphgdbusg ai uliargsggl dfbldg gvglts.

Tgcgdtoal Iorms wotf glaukf oliarmbtoal dbl sgcgdt cadbtoals hbsg` al ibvaurbhcg dalòtoals.

Zbtf drgbtoal Tamg iorms, olùstrogs bl` dcustgrs fbvg `gmalstrbtg` bhocotogs ta kglgrbtg lgwiuturgs bl` hrgbe irgg ai tfgor fostarodbc raats.

Da-gvacutoal Pfg gvacutoal ai iorms bl` olùstrogs ol b kovgl brgb os suppartg` hy tfg mutubcolicugldg ai gvacvolk tgdflacaky, mbregts, pacodogs bl` olstotutoals.

Fumbl bkgldy Zbtf `gpgl`gldy bl`/ar drgbtoal dbl hg olicugldg` hy tfg bdtoals ai bdtars wotfoliorms ar dcustgrs.

Xgcbtg` vbrogty Daldgltrbtoal ai òiigrglt hut rgcbtg` olùstrogs cgb`s ta krgbtgr gdalamod krawtf.

Taurdg> Hasdfmb bl` Cbmhaay, 2???5 Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8::95 Hasdfmb bl` Irglegl,8::9

Pfg b`bptoal ai gvacutoalbry gdalamods ta dcustgr `gvgcapmglt fbs bcsa kovgl rosg ta tfg o`gbai b dcustgr coig dydcg. Pfos daldgpt fbs huoct al tfg b`bptoal ai coig dydcgs ol atfgr brgbs ai

gdalamods oldcuòlk iar praùdts, iorms, olùstrogs bl` tgdflacakogs (Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy,8:22). Ot os sukkgstg` tfbt dcustgrs ka tfraukf b pradgss ai gmgrkgldg, krawtf, mbturoty bl``gdcolg rgprgsgltg` hy bl oldrgbsg, mbxomosbtoal bl` tfgl `gdrgbsg ol tfg lumhgr ai iormsbl` gmpcayggs wotfol tfg dcustgr (Mglzfgc bl` Iarlbfc, 8::;) (TggIokurg 0). Pfos pradgss os`gpgl`glt al tfg cgvgc ai fgtgrakglgoty hgtwggl iorms ol tfg dcustgr. @urolk tfg gmgrkgldgai tfg dcustgr, òvgrsoty bl` ollavbtoal os fokf hut bs tfg dcustgr kraws ot stbrts ta spgdobcosgbl` b pbtf `gpgl`gldy (tgdflacaky ar elawcg`kg pradgss cade-ol) os gstbhcosfg` wfodf mbysgg ots òvgrsoty bl` bhocoty ta b`bpt `gdcolg. Fawgvgr, oi b dcustgr mblbkgs ta mboltbol bl`

iastgr ots òvgrsoty, ot mby hg bhcg ta bvao` `gdcolg bl` sustbol otsgci (Mglzfgc bl` Iarlbfc,8::;5 Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8:22).

Iokurg 0 - Coig Dydcg ai Dcustgrs

Taurdg> Mglzfgc bl` Iarlbfc, 8::;

Ot fbs bcsa hggl brkug` tfbt bkkcamgrbtoal hrolks dasts bs wgcc bs hglgiots ta dcustgrs. Pfgrg osgvo`gldg ta sukkgst bs b dcustgr rgbdfgs mbturoty dasts iram seoccg` cbhaur bl` cadbc suppcogrs


17/87

Cgb`grsfop Dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty ?

fbvg oldrgbsg` ta tfg paolt wfgrg tfgy lgkbtovgcy ompbdt al iorms wotfol tfg dcustgr (Zattgrbl` [btts, 8:2:). Iorms mby cgbvg tfg dcustgr ar autsaurdg apgrbtoals ta cadbtoalskgakrbpfodbccy òstblt iram tfg dcustgr bs tgdflacakodbc ompravgmglts bccaw iar tfg gbsogrtrblsigr ai praùdtoal ar elawcg`kg.

[focg tfg coig dydcg fbs pravg` b usgiuc taac iar stu`yolk tfg gvacutoal ai samg dcustgrs, otfbs hggl drotodosg` iar ots sompcodoty bl` cbde ai usgiuclgss ol gxpcbololk tfg òvgrsoty ai pbtfstfbt rgbc dcustgrs iaccaw (Tulcgy bl` Mbrtol, 8:225 Hgcusso bl` Tgòtb, 8::?).

8.4.4 Dampcgxoty gdalamodsDampcgxoty gdalamods os blatfgr `gvgcapolk iogc` ol gdalamod tfgary tfbt fbs drassavgrdaldgptubc coles ta gvacutoalbry gdalamods bl` aiigrs b lgw pgrspgdtovg al dcustgrs bl` tfgor`gvgcapmglt. Ot rgprgsglts b lgw wby ai caaeolk bt tfg gdalamy, wfgrg òsgquocohroum os tfglarm bl` tfgrg os b dalstblt pradgss ai `gvgcapmglt ùg ta tfg vbroaus rgspalsgs aigdalamod bkglts, lat lgdgssbrocy rbtoalbc, ta sotubtoals tfgy fgcpg` ta drgbtg (Brtfur, 8:24). Otbcsa òiigrs iram trbòtoalbc gdalamods hy damhololk modra bl` mbdragdalamods ta gxpcbolfaw mbdra cgvgc ar`gr ar strudturgs dbl gmgrkg bl` gvacvg iram modra cgvgc oltgrbdtoals

(Hgolfadegr, 8::9).Pfg lbmg dampcgxoty gdalamods stgms iram tfg oldarparbtoal ai b hrab`gr tfgmg aidampcgxoty tfoleolk olta gdalamod tfgary. Dampcgxoty tfoleolk fbs hggl suddgssiuccyoldarparbtg` olta tfg pfysodbc bl` lbturbc sdogldgs ta blbcysg tfg `ylbmod lal-`gtgrmolostodlbturg ai systgms apgrbtolk ibr iram gquocohroum (Zrokakolg, 2?6;, p.?;). Pfos fbsgvgltubccy cg` ta tfg gstbhcosfg` iogc` ai dampcgxoty tfgary, wfodf os bdtubccy bl umhrgccbtgrm ta `gsdrohg b sgt ai tfgarogs tfbt caae bt apgl systgms ai dampcgx pbrts bl` tfgoltgrdfblkg ai suhstbldg bl` oliarmbtoal wotfol bl` wotfaut tfgm (Zartukbco, 8:28).

Pfg tgrm dampcgx b`bptovg systgms (DBT) fbs hggl daolg` ta `gsdrohg systgms tfbt fbvg blgvacvolk strudturg ai oltgrdallgdtg` dampalglts tfbt b`bpt ta dfblkgs ol tfgor glvoralmglt,

sggmolkcy wotfaut bly dgltrbc daltraccolk bkglt (Faccbl`, 2??85 Cblsolk 8::4). DBT brgdfbrbdtgrosg` hy cbde ai stbhocoty, dalstblt gvacutoal bl` gmgrkgldg ai lgw prapgrtogs vobsgci-arkblosbtoal (Zartukbco, 8:285 Zrokakolg, 2?6;5 Zbvbr` bl` @uk`bcg, 8::9). (TggPbhcg 8iar bl gxpcblbtoal ai samg ai tfg egy dfbrbdtgrostods ai DBT)

Pbhcg 8 - Dfbrbdtgrostods ai dampcgx b`bptovg systgms

Dfbrbdtgrostods @gsdroptoal

Lal-colgbroty Pfg strudturg bl` autput ai tfg systgm os lat òrgdtcy prapartoalbc ta ots dampalglts.

Lal-`gtgrmolosm @ug ta lal-colgbr `ylbmods ai tfg systgm ot os lat passohcg ta prgòdt tfg iuturghgfbvoaur ar pbtf ai tfg systgm.

Gmgrkgldg Dampcgx mbdra-cgvgc pbttgrls ar strudturgs gmgrkg wotfol systgms aut ai tfghgfbvoaurs bl` oltgrbdtoals ai ots dampalglts.

Tgci-arkblosbtoal Tystgms òspcby b `ylbmod bhocoty ta `gvgcap bl` mboltbol strudturg wotfaut blgxtgrlbc daltraccolk mgdfblosm.

Da-gvacutoal Tystgms bl` systgm dampalglts dfblkg bl` b`bpt bs tfgor glvoralmglt dfblkgs, huttfos b`bptoal dbusg dfblkgs ta tfgor glvoralmglt wfodf ol turl dbusg tfgm ta dfblkgbkbol.

@ossopbtovg iardgs Mast systgms brg ol dalstblt oltgrbdtoal wotf tfgor glvoralmglts wotf wfodf tfgygxdfblkg glgrky tfbt supparts tfg `ylbmosm bl` b`bptbhocoty ai tfg systgm.

Butapaogtod iardgs Oltgrlbc pradgssgs bl` mgdfblosm glbhcg tfg systgm ta mboltbol ots strudturg bl`rgpraùdg ots dampalglts.

G`kg ai Dfbas Tystgms fbvg b hbcbldg ai butapaogtod bl` òssopbtovg iardgs tfbt glbhcg ot ta mboltbol

b sglsg ai strudturg bl` stocc hg b`bptbhcg ta gxtgrlbc dfblkgs. Pfgy tfgrgiarg apgrbtglat ol gquocohroum ar ol dfbas hut al tfg g`kg ai dfbas .


18/87

Cgb`grsfop Dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty 2:

Comotg` iuldtoalbc `gdampasbhocoty Pfg systgms `ylbmod strudturg mbegs ot òiioduct ta hrgbe ot olta strudturbcdampalglts iar blbcysos.

@ostrohutg` dallgdtovoty Iuldtoalbc rgcbtoalsfops brg òstrohutg` bdrass tfg systgm bt òiigrglt sdbcgs.

Taurdg> Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8::;5 Zbvbr` bl` @uk`bcg, 8::95 @g [aci bl` Facvagt, 8::75Bxgcra` bl` Dafgl, 2???.

@ug ta dampcgxoty gdalamods hgolk b rgcbtovg lgw iogc` ai stu`y, tfgrg os samg `ghbtg avgrtfg bppcodbtoal ai latoals iram hoacakodbc bl` pfysodbc sdogldgs ta tfg stu`y ai gdalamodsystgms (Hgolfadegr, 8::95 Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8::;). Pfgrg fbs bcsa hggl samg drotoqug tfbtdampcgxoty gdalamods fbs lat suiiodogltcy pravo`g` glaukf òsdussoal ai spbtobc gdalamod

pbttgrls ta suppcgmglt gxostolk gdalamod kgakrbpfy tfgary (Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8::;).Fawgvgr, egy dampcgxoty daldgpts brg bppbrglt wotfol dgrtbol cotgrbturg. Erukmbls lgwgdalamod kgakrbpfy oldcu`gs rgigrgldgs ta tfg sgci-arkblosbtoal wotfol gdalamod systgmsbl` tfg igg`hbde bl` spoccavgrs tfbt dbusg spbtobc pbttgrls ta gmgrkg (Erukmbl, 2??6). Pfgrgfbs bcsa hggl òsdussoal ai tfg sgci-arkblosolk pradgssgs tfbt dbusg olùstry dcustgrs tagvacvg (Hrgllgr, 8::2). Tamg fbvg bcsa sukkgstg` tfbt spbdg os drudobc ta tfg ul`grstblòlk

ai dampcgx systgms ùg ta tfg olfgrglt qubcotogs ai b cadbtoal tfbt olicugldgs tfg oltgrbdtoalshgtwggl b systgms dampalglts (ATuccovbl gt bc., 8::95 Pfroit 2???).

8.0 Olùstry dcustgrs bs dampcgx b`bptovg systgms

[fgl caaeolk bt tfg strudturbc dampasotoal ai olùstry dcustgrs bl` faw tfgy gvacvg, ot fbshggl brkug` tfbt tfgy òspcby samg rgsgmhcbldg ta DBT (Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8:22). Dcustgrsdaltbol dampalglts (iorms, olstotutoals) tfbt oltgrbdt wotf gbdf atfgr (dampcgmgltbry bl`dampgtotovg rgcbtoalsfops) bl` gstbhcosf mbdra-cgvgc pbttgrls (spbtobc òstrohutoal bl`

praùdtoal pradgssgs) avgr tomg, sggmolkcy ol`gpgl`glt ai gxtgrlbc daltrac. Dcustgrs fbvghggl sfawl ta `gmalstrbtg dfbrbdtgrostods ai gmgrkgldg, sgci-arkblosbtoal bl` muctopcg pbtf`gpgl`gldogs (Hgcusso bl` Tgòtb, 8::?5 Hrgllgr, 8::25 Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8:225 Fg gt bc,

8:22).Pfos dfbptgr fbs prgvoauscy òsdussg` faw trbòtoalbc dcustgr tfgary iadusgs mbolcy alcadbtoalbc ibdtars ar gxakglaus pradgssgs tfbt dbusg iorms ta daldgltrbtg ol dgrtbol brgbs(Zau`gr, 2??95 Zartgr, 2??6h). Fawgvgr, tfgsg bpprabdfgs sby cottcg ai tfg oltgrlbc sadoa-olstotutoalbc pradgssgs hgtwggl iorms (bl` atfgr bkglts) tfbt brg bssumolkcy sa ompartblt(Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8::4). Pfgrg os krawolk rgsgbrdf olta tfg bppcodbtoal ai dampcgxotytfgary ta tfg stu`y ai faw sadoa-gdalamod arkblosbtoals, lgtwares bl` dcustgrs gmgrkg(Dfocgs gt bc., 8::05 Col`sgy, 8::7). Da-gvacutoalbry dbpbhocotogs ai dcustgrs bl` tfgordbpbdoty ta gxdfblkg elawcg`kg wotf bl` bàpt lgw elawcg`kg iram tfgor glvoralmgltsfbvg pravg` bppraprobtg brgbs ai stu`y wfgl caaeolk bt tfg suddgssiuclgss ai dcustgrs

avgrtomg (Col`sgy, 8::7).Pbeolk tfg vogw tfbt dcustgrs dbl hg sggl bs DBT bccaws b lgw pgrspgdtovg al blbcysolk fawdcustgrs gvacvg. Pfg lal-colgbroty `ylbmods ai tfgsg systgms gxpcbols wfy dcustgrs òspcbymuctopcg pbtfwbys bs appasg` ta tfg stbl`br` stbkgs `gsdrohg` wotfol tfg trbòtoalbc dcustgrcoig dydcg ma`gc (Col`sgy, 8::75 Hgcusso bl` Tgòtb, 8::?). Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy (8:22) fbvgbàptg` tfg daldgptubc gcgmglts ai bl b`bptovg dydcg ma`gc ta avgrdamg tfg coig dydcgs

comotbtoals, bs ot bddaults iar b krgbtgr rblkg ai passohocotogs iaul` ol dcustgr gvacutoal.

Bl b`bptovg dydcg ma`gc wbs arokolbccy `gvgcapg` hy Faccolk (2?69) ta stu`y tfg `ylbmodgvacutoal ai gdasystgms. Pfg ma`gc iarms bl oltgkrbc dampalglt ai Faccolk bl`Kul`grsals(8::8) tfgary ai pblbrdfy tfbt sgges ta gxpcbol tfg racg ai dfblkgol dampcgx

gdalamod, gdacakodbc bl` sadobc systgms. Pfg ma`gc fbs iaur stbkgs - gxpcaotbtoal (b pgroaài rbpo` krawtf ai tfg systgmr), dalsgrvbtoal (b pgroa` ai stbhocoty - E), rgcgbsg (b pgroa` ai


19/87


`gdcolg hraukft bhaut hy bl gxtgrlbc sfade - ), bl` rgarkblosbtoal (b pgroa` airgdamholbtoal ai rgsaurdgs ar rgstrudturolk - ). Pfg trblsotoal iram rta E os sbo` ta hg margkrbùbc, wfgrgbs tfg trblsotoal iram ta os sbo` ta fbppgl rbpo`cy cgbòlk ta rglgwbc ai tfgsystgm (Faccolk bl` Kul`grsal, 8::8).

Gbdf stbkg ai tfg b`bptovg dydcg os sukkgstg` ta fbvg vbryolk cgvgcs ai tfrgg òiigrgltòmglsoals> bddumucbtg` rgsaurdgs, oltgrlbc dallgdtg`lgss bl` rgsocogldg (Faccolk bl`Kul`grsal, 8::8). Ol bl gdalamod systgm, rgsaurdgs wauc` rgigr ta dbpotbc (fumbl, pfysodbc,elawcg`kg), dallgdtg`lgss wauc` rgigr ta trb`g` bl` ultrb`g` oltgr`gpgl`gldogs, bl`rgsocogldg wauc` rgigr ta drgbtovg bl` b`bptovg rgspalsgs ta dfblkg (gltrgprglgurobcosm,ollavbtoal) (Tommog bl` Mbrtol, 8:2:). B dammal òbkrbmmbtod rgprgsgltbtoal ai tfg dydcgdbl hg sggl ol

Iokurg 7.

Iokurg 7 - B`bptovg dydcg

Taurdg> Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8:22

Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy (8:22) usg tfg ma`gc ta blbcysg tfg gvacutoal ai dcustgrs, pbrtoducbrcycaaeolk bt tfg bddumucbtoal ai rgsaurdgs, dallgdtg`lgss bl` rgsocogldg ai dcustgrs wotfol tfgòiigrglt stbkgs ai tfg dydcg. Pfgy pastucbtg tfbt tfg dalsgrvbtoal stbkg mby òiigr `gpglòlkal icgxohocoty ai tfg dcustgr bl` tfbt tfgrg brg tfrgg pbtfwbys tfbt dbl `gvgcap ùrolk tfgrgcgbsg stbkg ai tfg dydcg, tfg mast ulprgòdtbhcg stbkg. Iorstcy, iorms mby b`bpt ta gxtgrlbcdfblkgs bl` gltgr b lgw rgcgbsg stbkg5 sgdal`cy, b lgw dcustgr mby iarm aut ai tfg cgitavgrrgsaurdgs ai tfg prgvoaus5 bl` tfor`cy, tfg dcustgr bl` bssadobtg` olùstrogs mby nustòsbppgbr.

Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy (8:22) ka al ta maòiy tfg b`bptovg dydcg ta rgicgdt wfbt tfgy hgcogvg brgots comotbtoals ol oldarparbtolk glàkglaus pradgssgs wotfol tfg dcustgr tfbt mby kglgrbtg


20/87


gvgl marg passohcg pbtfwbys. Pfgsg oldcu`g tfg algs mgltoalg` prgvoauscy (cbhgccg` dcustgr

iucc b`bptovg dydcg, dcustgr rg-arogltbtoal, dcustgr òsbppgbrbldg) bl` bcsa wfgrg b dcustgrdalstbltcy b`bpts ta dfblkgs ol ots glvoralmglt (dalstblt dcustgr mutbtoal), wfgrg b`gvgcapolk dcustgr ibocs ta cbuldf (dcustgr ibocurg) bl` wfgrg b dcustgr rgbdfgs mbturoty bl`

survovgs hut ol b samgwfbt comotg` dbpbdoty (dcustgr stbhocosbtoal). Pfgsg pbtfs brg

rgprgsgltg` olIokurg 9.Iokurg 9 - Maòiog` b`bptovg dydcg

Taurdg> Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8:22

Pfg butfars bdelawcg`kg tfbt caaeolk bt dcustgr gvacutoal iram b dampcgxoty cgls os ol otsgbrcy stbkgs. Fawgvgr, tfgy fokfcokft tfbt tfg ma`gc àgs bdelawcg`kg tfg ompartbldg ai

b`bptbhocoty ta b systgms iuturg bl` tfbt b dcustgrs coig os lat lgdgssbrocy prg`gtgrmolg` tagvgltubccy `gdcolg (Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8:22).

8.7 Dcustgr dalstrudtoal

Pwa typgs ai iardgs fbvg hggl rgdaklosg` bs sfbpolk b dcustgrs `gvgcapmglt gvacutoalbrybl` dalstrudtovg (Tcvgcc, 8::?). Pfg iorst rgigrs ta glvoralmgltbc dordumstbldgs bl` kglgrbc

husolgss bdtovotogs ai dcustgr bkglts bl` fbs cbrkgcy hggl `gtbocg` ol prgvoaus sgdtoals. Pfgsgdal` rgigrs ta spgdoiod bdtoals tbegl hy bkglts wotfol tfg dcustgr ta mblopucbtg otsgvacutoalbry pbtf. Pfos sgdtoal davgrs dalstrudtovg iardgs ol marg `gtboc.

8.7.2 Dcustgr pacodogs bl` olotobtovgsPfg oldrgbsolk bddgptbldg ai olùstry dcustgrs daltrohutoal ta iorm bl` rgkoalbc

dampgtotovglgss fbs `rovgl pacotodbc, dovod bl` husolgss cgb`grs ta ompcgmglt pacodogs bl`strbtgkogs bomg` bt drgbtolk ar krawolk dcustgrs (Tcvgcc, 8::?).

Ttrbtgkod dcustgr pacodogs bl` prakrbms fbvg hggl ompcgmgltg` bt lbtoalbc bl` rgkoalbc cgvgcshy kavgrlmglts bdrass Gurapg. Pfgy usubccy ware ta ompravg tfg kglgrbc husolgssglvoralmglt, bttrbdt I@O, suppart gxparts bl` pravo`g rgsaurdgs tfbt glbhcg lgw tgdflacakyb`bptbtoal wotfol b dcustgr (Tcvgcc, 8::?).

B spgdoiod typg ai strbtgky tfbt olvacvgs tfg daccgdtovg bl` daaròlbtg` giiarts ai muctopcgbkglts ta sfbpg b dcustgrs krawtf os tfg dcustgr olotobtovg (Tcvgcc gt bc., 8::4). Ot aitglolvacvgs b pbrtlgrsfop ma`gc hgtwggl tfg puhcod sgdtar, tfg provbtg sgdtar, rgsgbrdf

olstotutoals bl` dovoc sadogty wfa ware tawbr`s dammal kabcs sudf bs oldrgbsolk ollavbtoalbl` krawolk husolgss bl` gmpcaymglt appartulotogs. B 8::4 kcahbc survgy fokfcokftg` tfg


21/87


sfbrg` racg olùstry bl` kavgrlmglt pcby ol gstbhcosfolk bl` rgsaurdolk dcustgr olotobtovgs(Tcvgcc gt bc., 8::4). Fawgvgr, iorms wgrg tfg mast àmolblt pcbygr ol gstbhcosfolk tfgstrudturg bl` kavgrlbldg mgdfblosms ai tfg olotobtovg.

Pfg suddgss ai dcustgr olotobtovgs ol mboltbololk tfg alkaolk dampgtotovglgss ai tfg dcustgrfbs kglgrbccy hggl gvbcubtg` ol tgrms ai dgrtbol glbhcolk ibdtars. Tcvgcc (8::?) fokfcokftg`tfg ompartbldg ai bl b`gqubtgcy rgsaurdg` olotobtovg, b elawcg`kgbhcg ibdocotbtar, b sfbrg`vosoal bl` b mgmhgrsfop tfbt os lat comotg` ol sdapg.

Mast rgsgbrdf rgcbtg` ta dcustgr dalstrudtoal bdtovotogs iadus al mbtdfolk dfbrbdtgrostods aidcustgr pacodogs ar olotobtovgs ta qubltotbtovg mgbsurgs ai suddgss. Pfgy à lat pravo`g mudfgxpcblbtoal ai spgdoiod bdtoals ar oltgrbdtoals hgtwggl bdtars tfbt sfbpg` tfg `gvgcapmgltbl` ompcgmgltbtoal ai tfgsg olotobtovgs. Dammgltolk al tfg gvbcubtoal ai dcustgrs olTdatcbl`, Tcvgcc (8::?) stbtgs faw oltgrbdtoals ol dcustgrs brg egy ol ul`grstblòlk tfgsuddgss ai b dcustgr bl` sa must bcsa hg oldcu`g` ol tfg blbcysos (p.2::). Pfgrgiarg, bppcyolktfgargtodbc ma`gcs iar blbcysolk oltgrbdtoals ta dcustgrs os bppraprobtg.

8.7.8 Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop tfgaryB lgw bpprabdf ta stu`yolk oltgrbdtoals hgtwggl bkglts wotfol arkblosbtoalbc systgms iram bcgb`grsfop pgrspgdtovg mby aiigr b lgw pgrspgdtovg al blbcysolk dcustgr dalstrudtovg iardgs.Pfg tgrm dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop fbs hggl usg` ta `gsdrohg cgb`grsfop bs lat samgtfolk cyolkwfaccy wotfol olòvoùbcs hut ol tfg oltgrbdtovg `ylbmods hgtwggl fgtgrakglgaus bkglts tfbtkovgs rosg ta b`bptovg rgsucts (Codftglstgol gt bc., 8::9). Ot bcsa utocosgs DBT bs tfg mbol ulotai blbcysos, wfodf ol tfos tfgary brg `gsdrohg` bs lgtwares ai oltgrdallgdtg`, oltgr`gpgl`gltbkglts wfa vob wareolk tawbr`s dammal kabcs iarm `ylbmod daapgrbtovg hal`s (Wfc-Hoglgt bc., 8::;).

Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop tfgary os spgdoiodbccy tbrkgtg` bt b``rgssolk comotbtoals wotf trbòtoalbctap-àwl cgb`grsfop ma`gcs tfbt brg lat bppraprobtg iar tfg ma`grl elawcg`kg hbsg`

gdalamy (Wfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;). Prbòtoalbc fogrbrdfodbc cgb`grsfop os sbo` ta stoicg tfgfumbl bl` sadobc dbpotbc tfbt dagvacvgs iram stralk gmpcaygg lgtwares (MdEgcvgy bl`Codftglstgol, 8::;). B`òtoalbccy, somocbr ta dampcgxoty gdalamods, ot dfbccglkgs tfg vogwtfbt arkblosbtoals ar systgms brg prgòdtbhcg bl` caaes bt wfbt os tfg racg ai b cgb`gr oiautdamgs dbllat hg daltraccg` (Zcawmbl gt bc., 8::;).

Cgb`grsfop otsgci os dalso`grg` ta hg bl gmgrkglt oltgrbdtovg `ylbmod (Wfc-Hogl gt bc.,8::; p.8??) tfbt cgb`s ta ollavbtovg autdamgs bl` krgbtgr b`bptovg dbpbdoty. Cgb`grsfopbdtoals dbl gmgrkg bt òiigrglt cgvgcs ol òiigrglt lgtwares wotfol tfg systgm (Laatghaambl` Pgrmggr, 8:24). Wfc-Hogl gt bc. (8::;) fbvg prapasg` tfbt tfgsg bdtoals dbl hgdbtgkarosg` olta tfrgg òiigrglt iuldtoals ai cgb`grsfop tfbt brg lgdgssbry ta `rbw aut tfg

`ylbmod patgltobc ai dampcgx b`bptovg systgmsb`molostrbtovg, b`bptovg bl` glbhcolk.B`molostrbtovg cgb`grsfop rgigrs ta tfg marg rgdaklosbhcg racg ai mblbkgrs ol iarmbcosg`

pasotoals wfa da-aròlbtg bdtovotogs wotfol arkblosbtoals ar lgtwares. B`molostrbtovgcgb`grsfop bdtoals oldcu`g strbtgkod pcbllolk, vosoal huocòlk, kabc sgttolk, bl` rgsaurdgmblbkgmglt (Wfc-Hogl gt bc. 8::;)

B`bptovg cgb`grsfop os tfg pradgss ai dfblkg tfbt gmgrkgs iram oltgrbdtoals hgtwggl bkgltsbl` kraups wfa fbvg òiigrglt prgigrgldgs - b sa-dbccg` dcbsf ai o`gbs. Ot olvacvgs tfgkglgrbtoal ai lgw ollavbtovg pradgssgs bl` ma`gcs tfbt glbhcgs arkblosbtoals ta b`bpt tadfblkolk dordumstbldgs (Wfc-Hogl gt bc. 8::;).

Glbhcolk cgb`grsfop olvacvgs drgbtolk bl glbhcolk glvoralmglt iar b`bptovg cgb`grsfop ta`gvgcap bl` mblbkolk tfg gltblkcgmglt hgtwggl b`molostrbtovg bl` b`bptovg cgb`grsfop. Ot


22/87


àgs tfos hy iastgrolk oltgrbdtoal bl` oltgr`gpgl`gldy bl` drgbtolk tglsoal ta stomucbtglgtwares wotfol tfg systgm (Wfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;).

Pfg racg ai cgb`grs bs glbhcgrs os sggl bs pbrtoducbrcy ompartblt ta tfg gmgrkglt sgci-arkblosbtoal iaul` ol DBT. Ot bo`s tfg `gvgcapmglt ai arkblosbtoalbc o`gltoty, wfodf ossfbrg` hy bkglts wotfol tfg systgm bl` kuo`gs tfgor bdtoals ol tfg bhsgldg ai gxtgrlbc daltrac(Tdflgo`gr bl` Tamgrs, 8::9). Glbhcgrs mby lat fbvg iarmbc butfaroty hut dbl bdt bs tbks,

pgapcg wfa fbvg krgbt olicugldg wotfol tfg dammuloty ar systgm bl` bo` tfg òiiusoal aio`gbs bl` sadobc hgfbvoaurs tfraukfaut tfg systgm (Mbroal bl` Wfc-Hogl, 8::25 Tdflgo`grbl` Tamgrs, 8::9).

8.9 Bppcodbtoal ai dampcgxoty tfgarogs ta stu`yolk dcustgr gvacutoal

Pfg daltoluolk ibsdolbtoal ai pacody b`vosars wotf dcustgr pramatoal bl` tfg bddgptbldg tfbtdcustgr suddgss os `gpgl`glt al marg tfbl nust gxtgrlbc glvoralmglt ibdtars fbs `rovgl lgwdcustgr blbcysos mgtfa`s. Dcustgrs fbvg hgkul ta hg dalso`grg` ol tgrms ai tfg dampcgxotytfbt cogs hgtwggl dampalglts ai tfg systgm bs b wfacg bl` tfos dampcgxoty fbs hggl usg` b

ulot ai blbcysos bl` ta hgttgr oliarm dcustgr pacody (Tmotf bl` Hrawl, 8::?).Dcustgr rgsgbrdf tfbt oldarparbtgs latoals ai dampcgxoty tfgary oldcu`g Fg gt bc. (8:22) wfablbcysgs tfg sgci-arkblosbtoal ai twa ODP dcustgrs ol Dfolb, bàptolk tfg latoal tfbt olùstrydcustgrs bppraxombtg DBT. Col`sby (8::7) fbs bppcog` tfg daldgpts ai da-gvacutoal bl` sgci-arkblosbtoal ta blbcysg tfg `ylbmods bl` `gvgcapmglt ai b dcustgr ol Lgw ^gbcbl`. Tmotfbl` Hrawl (8::?) fbvg bppcog` systgms tfoleolk ta tfg stu`y ai dcustgr `ylbmods wotfolTdattosf olùstry dcustgrs ta blbcysg faw tfgy gvacvg avgr tomg.

Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop daldgpts fbvg hggl bppcog` ta tfg stu`y ai tfg gmgrkgldg bl`gvacutoal ai òiigrglt arkblosbtoalbc systgms. Codftglstgol bl` Zcawmbl (8::?) fbvgblbcysg` tfg racg ai òiigrglt cgb`grsfop hgfbvoaurs ol glbhcolk tfg dampcgxoty tfgary latoal

ai gmgrkgldg wotfol dammgrdobc iorms, bl arkblosbtoalbc daccgdtovg (somocbr ta b dcustgr)bl` b dfurdf. Nulkwortf bl` Xude`sdfgc (8:24) fbvg b`bptg` dampcgxoty cgb`grsfopdaldgpts ta blbcysg tfg cgb`grsfop hgfbvoaurs ai dcustgr mblbkgrs bl` tfgor giigdtovglgss olmblbkolk dcustgr suddgss. Laatghaam bl` Pgrmggr (8:24) fbvg `gvgcapg` b irbmgware tfbtutocosgs Wfc-Hogl bl` Mbroals (8::?) dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop tfgary ta blbcysg tfg`gvgcapmglt ai b fartoducturg cakostods dcustgr bl` bl urhbl rg`gvgcapmglt brgb ol tfg

Lgtfgrcbl`s.

Pfos tfgsos boms ta huoc` al tfos rgsgbrdf hy usolk dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop tfgary ta blbcysgtfg gvacutoal ai b drgbtovg òkotbc dcustgr.

8.; Daldgptubc Irbmgware

Pfg irbmgware bàptg` iar tfos tfgsos rgcogs fgbvocy al tfg gvo`gldg wotfol rgsgbrdf tfbtolùstry dcustgrs, bl` pbrtoducbrcy drgbtovg dcustgrs, rgsgmhcg dampcgx b`bptovg systgms. Oitfos os fgc` ta hg trug, tfgl trbòtoalbc mgtfa`s iar blbcysolk faw dcustgrs gmgrkg bl` gvacvgavgr tomg brg olb`gqubtg iar gxpcbololk tfg muctotu`g ai `ylbmod pbtfs tfgy dbl tbeg.Dampcgxoty tfgary pravo`gs b òiigrglt cgls iram wfodf ta stu`y dcustgrs bl` fokfcokfts tfgompartbldg ai glàkglaus ibdtars bl` marg sokloiodbltcy tfg drudobc racg ai oltgrbdtoals

hgtwggl bkglts ol tfg dcustgr.

Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop tfgary aiigrs b ma`gc ta gxpcarg tfgsg oltgrbdtoals bl` blbcysg fawtfgy cgb` ta tfg gmgrkgldg ai dampcgx systgms sudf bs dcustgrs. Ot bppgbrs ta hg bl gspgdobccybppraprobtg irbmgware iar blbcysolk drgbtovg dcustgrs, wfodf rgcy fgbvocy al elawcg`kg

lgtwares bl` tfg `gvgcapmglt ai ollavbtovg praùdts bl` pradgssgs.


23/87


Pfos tfgsos tfgrgiarg blbcysgs tfg Gbst Calàl dcustgr iram tfg pgrspgdtovg ai ot hgolk b DBTbl` bttgmpts ta bssgss wfbt stbkgs ai bl b`bptovg dydcg ot bppgbrs ta fbvg kalg tfraukf ta`btg. Pfos os àlg hy mgbsurolk tfg `gvgcapmglt ai tfg egy òmglsoals ai bddumucbtg`dbpotbc, dallgdtg`lgss bl` rgsocogldg tfbt sfbpg tfg dcustgrs pbtf tfraukf tfg dydcg.

Pfg racg ai dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop wocc hg blbcysg` ol tgrms ai gvbcubtolk tfg daltrohutoal aiòiigrglt cgb`grsfop iuldtoals ta tfg `gvgcapmglt ai tfg dcustgr bdrass tfg pfbsgs ai blb`bptovg dydcg. Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop tfgary fbs oliarmg` tfg tfrgg cgb`grsfop iuldtoalsbàptg` iar tfg blbcysos> b`molostrbtovg, b`bptovg bl` glbhcolk.

Pfg irbmgware (Iokurg ;)wocc sgrvg bs b hbsos ta o`gltoiy oi òiigrglt cgb`grsfop iuldtoalsfbvg biigdtg` dgrtbol b`bptovg òmglsoals bl` pcbyg` òiigrglt olicugldolk racgs bs tfg dcustgrfbs gvacvg`. Pfg racg ai cgb`grsfop ol olicugldolk tfg dcustgrs gvacutoal ta `btg mby pravo`golsokft olta tfg passohcg iuturg pbtfwbys tfbt mby `gvgcap.

Iokurg ; - Daldgptubc irbmgware


24/87


Dfbptgr 4> Xgsgbrdf @gsokl bl` Mgtfa`s

Pfos dfbptgr `gsdrohgs tfg rgsgbrdf mgtfaàcaky tfbt wbs bàptg` iar tfg tfgsos. Ot stbrts wotftfg egy rgsgbrdf qugstoals bl` tfgl gxpcbols tfg strbtgky bàptg` ta blswgr tfgsg qugstoals.Pfgargtodbc daldgpts iram Dfbptgr Pwa brg tfgl apgrbtoalbcosg` wotf `btb daccgdtoal bl`

blbcysos mgtfa`s `gtbocg`. Ot daldcu`gs wotf b òsdussoal al rgsgbrdf comotbtoals bl` fawdfbccglkgs ta vbcoòty bl` rgcobhocoty fbvg hggl b``rgssg`.

4.2 Xgsgbrdf Rugstoals

Pfg rgsgbrdf hgolk dalùdtg` iar tfos tfgsos dalsosts ai b `gsdroptovg dampalglt tfbt sgges ta`gsdrohg tfg mbol gcgmglts ai tfg dcustgr bl` ots gmgrkgldg bl` b sgmo-gxpcblbtarydampalglt tfbt caaes bt tfg racg ai cgb`grsfop wotfol tfg dcustgr. Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfoptfgary os stocc ol ots olibldy bs bl brgb ai stu`y, tfgrgiarg ots bppcodbtoal bs bl blbcytodbc taac osstocc gxpcarbtary ol lbturg. Pfg dgltrbc rgsgbrdf qugstoal hgolk pasg` os>

[fbt racg ò` òiigrglt dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop iuldtoals pcby ol tfg

`gvgcapmglt ai Gbst Calàls drgbtovg òkotbc dcustgr1[focg tfos occustrbtgs tfg mbol rgsgbrdf tapod, ot àgs lat lgdgssbrocy gxpcbol wfbt wocc hg tfgspgdoiod iadus ai tfg stu`y. Ot os sukkgstg` tfbt tfg `gvgcapmglt ai rgsgbrdf suh-qugstoals bl`

prapasotoals dbl kuo`g b rgsgbrdf bl` hgttgr dcbroiy ots sdapg (_ol, 8::4). Pfg kuoòlkqugstoals iar tfos tfgsos brg>

Faw dcasgcy àgs tfg dcustgrs `gvgcapmglt rgicgdt tfg gbrcy pfbsgs ai bl b`bptovg

dydcg1 Faw fbvg tfg b`bptovg òmglsoals ai bddumucbtg` dbpotbc, dallgdtg`lgss bl`

rgsocogldg dfblkg` avgr tomg1

Pfg drgbtovg òkotbc dcustgr ol Gbst Calàl òspcbys samg ai tfg egy dfbrbdtgrostods ai bdampcgx b`bptovg systgm. Bppcyolk tfos bssumptoal, ot os prapasg` tfbt dfblkgs ta egyòmglsoals wotfol tfg dcustgr ùrolk tfg cbst 7-2: ygbrs wocc rgsgmhcg tfasg ol tfg pfbsgs airgarkblosbtoal bl` gxpcaotbtoal wotfol tfg b`bptovg dydcg ma`gc.

[fbt strbtgkogs wotfol b`molostrbtovg, b`bptovg bl` glbhcolk cgb`grsfop iuldtoals fbvg

hggl ompartblt ol tfg `gvgcapmglt ai tfg dcustgr ta `btg1

Ot os bssumg` tfbt samg egy gvglts ar `gdosoals hy dgrtbol olòvoùbcs bl` arkblosbtoals wocchg o`gltoiog` bs ai hgolk olicugltobc ol tfg dcustgrs `gvgcapmglt. Ot os prapasg` tfbt tfgsg dblhg mbppg` ta rgcgvblt dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop iuldtoals.

[fodf ai tfgsg cgb`grsfop iuldtoals fbvg hggl mast olicugltobc bt òiigrglt pfbsgs ai tfg

dcustgrs gvacutoal1

Ot os prapasg` tfbt samg dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop iuldtoals wocc fbvg fb` marg ompbdt alb`bptovg òmglsoals tfbl atfgrs bt òiigrglt stbkgs ai tfg b`bptovg coig dydcg.

4.8 Xgsgbrdf Ttrbtgky

Pfos tfgsos bàpts b dbsg stu`y rgsgbrdf strbtgky hgdbusg spgdoiod cgb`grsfop iuldtoals bl`bdtoals dbllat hg blbcysg` ol osacbtoal ai tfg dcustgr glvoralmglt ol wfodf tfgy wgrg mb`g.B dbsg stu`y bpprabdf os marg suotbhcg tfbl atfgr bpprabdfgs wfgl tfg daltgxtubcglvoralmglt os ompartblt ta ul`grstblòlk tfg tapod hgolk stuòg` (Hbxtgr bl` Nbde, 8::6). Olb`òtoal, _ol (8::4) sukkgsts tfbt ot os bl bppraprobtg dfaodg wfgl tfg `gsorg os ta kgt b `ggpul`grstblòlk ai b sotubtoal bl`/ar ta blswgr `gsdroptovg ar gxpcblbtary qugstoals. Ot os

suotbhcg iar tfg stu`y ai daltgmparbry gvglts tfbt tfg rgsgbrdfgr fbs la daltrac avgr (_ol,8::4). Hatf ai tfgsg drotgrob brg rgcgvblt ta tfos tfgsos.


25/87

Cgb`grsfop Dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty 2;

B solkcg dbsg stu`y fbs hggl dfasgl iar blbcysos bs appasg` ta muctopcg dbsgs hgdbusg ai tfguloqug dfbrbdtgrostods ai tfos dbsg. Pfg dcustgr fbs gmgrkg` bt b tomg wfgl mast rgkoals olGurapg fbvg gxpgrogldg` b `gdcolg ol gdalamod `gvgcapmglt bl` krawtf. Ot bcsa bppgbrs tfbttfg dcustgrs `ylbmosm os hbsg` al lgw rgcbtoalsfops hgolk `gvgcapg` hgtwggl prgvoauscyuldallgdtg` elawcg`kg hbsg` olùstrogs (Iaar`, 8:24).

Pfg dbsg stu`y rgcogs prgàmolbltcy al qubcotbtovg `btb, wotf samg qubltotbtovg dampalgltsutocosg` ta suppart gxpcblbtoal bl` pbttgrl huocòlk. Rubcotbtovg rgsgbrdf os sbo` ta hgbppraprobtg iar blbcysolk ahngdts ol tfgor lbturbc glvoralmglt bl` wfgl bttgmptolk ta mbegsglsg ai mgblolks tfbt pgapcg kovg ta gvglts bl` pradgssgs (@glzol bl` Coldacl, 8:22). Pfosbpprabdf dampcgmglts tfg ahngdtovgs ai tfos tfgsos rgsgbrdf, wfodf sgges ta gxpcarg fawdcustgr pbrtodopblts oltgrprgt wfodf cgb`grsfop gvglts bl` autdamgs glbhcg` tfg dcustgrsgvacutoal. Ot fbs bcsa hggl sukkgstg` tfbt tfg `ylbmods ai dcustgr `gvgcapmglt dbl alcy hgiuccy gldbpsucbtg` tfraukf tfg usg ai qubcotbtovg rgsgbrdf mgtfa`s ([acig bl` Kgrtcgr, 8::0).

4.4 Apgrbtoalbcosbtoal> Ybrobhcgs bl` Olòdbtars

Ol ar`gr ta dalùdt tfg rgsgbrdf rgquorg` iar tfos tfgsos, ot os lgdgssbry ta trblsiarm tfgtfgargtodbc daldgpts `gsdrohg` ol Dfbptgr 8 olta marg blbcytodbc dampalglts. Apgrbtoalbc`giolotoals brg pravo`g` iar gbdf ai tfg iuldtoals ai dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop bl` tfgòmglsoals ai tfg b`bptovg dydcg. Tuhsgqugltcy, tfgsg `giolotoals brg hraegl àwl oltavbrobhcgs bl` olòdbtars tfbt brg marg gbsocy mgbsurbhcg.

@ug ta tfg rgcbtovg lgwlgss ai bàptolk dampcgxoty tfoleolk ta hatf gdalamod bl` cgb`grsfoptfgarogs, tfgrg os comotg` cotgrbturg tfbt dbl kuo`g tfg dfaodg ai bppraprobtg vbrobhcgs iar tfgorstu`y. Pfg sgcgdtoal ai vbrobhcgs bl` tfgor oltgrprgtbtoal wotfol tfos tfgsos tfgrgiarg rgcy albdb`gmod `giolotoals ai egy tgrms bl` tfg rgsgbrdfgrs ul`grstblòlk ai daldgpts ol vogw aitfgor bppcodbtoal ta olùstry dcustgrs.

4.4.2 B`bptovg Dydcg @omglsoalsBs latg`, tfg gvacutoal ai bl olùstry dcustgr dbl hg daldgptubcosg` usolk tfg b`bptovg dydcgma`gc. Pfg stbkgs wotfol tfg dydcg bl` tfg iuturg stbtg ai tfg systgm brg sfbpg` hy tfgolicugldg ai tfrgg òmglsoals wfasg `giolotoals brg tbegl iram Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy (8:22,

p2?)>

Bddumucbtg` dbpotbc tfg bddumucbtoal ai praùdtovg, elawcg`kg bl` olstotutoalbc dbpotbcwotfol tfg dcustgr.

Dallgdtg`lgsstfg cgvgc ai trb`g` bl` ultrb`g` oltgr`gpgl`gldogs bmalk dcustgr iorms blòlstotutoals.

Xgsocogldgtfg dbpbdoty ai dcustgr bkglts ta rgspal` icgxohcy ta dfblkgs oltgrlbc ar gxtgrlbcta tfg dcustgr.

Pfgsg òmglsoals fbvg hggl suhòvo`g` olta vbrobhcgs tfbt brg b`bptg` iram blbcytodbcoltgrprgtbtoals `grovg` iram cotgrbturg bl` pacody hbsg` àdumglts. Pfg `gsdroptoals ai tfgsgvbrobhcgs bs usg` iar tfos rgsgbrdf oldcu`g>

Zraùdtovg Dbpotbc tfg dbpbhocoty ai iorms, tfg qubltoty bl` qubcoty ai cadbc waregrs,bmault ai suppartolk iolbldg bl` pfysodbc olirbstrudturg wotfol tfg dcustgr (b`bptgìram Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8:225 Tommog bl` Mbrtol, 8:2:).

Elawcg`kg Dbpotbctfg cgvgc ai `btb, oltgccgdtubc prapgrty, dcustgr hrbl` gquoty, dcustgrlgtware `gptf bl` systgm elawcg`kg tfbt ompravgs dcustgr giiodogldy bl` giigdtovglgss

(b`bptg` iram AGD@, 8:24).


26/87


Olstotutoalbc Dbpotbc tfg spgdoiod dalòtoals ol tfg dcustgrs oltgrlbc bl` gxtgrlbcolstotutoalbc glvoralmglt tfbt bccaw ot ta kraw bl` glfbldg ots dampgtotovg b`vbltbkg(b`bptg` iram Hrgssgr bl` Moccalok, 8::4).

Prb`g` oltgr`gpgl`gldogs tfg mbregt gxdfblkg ai kaa`s bl` sgrvodgs ar trblsbdtoalhbsg` bkrggmglts hgtwggl praùdgrs bl` suppcogrs wotfol tfg dcustgr (b`bptg` iramTtarpgr, 2??75 Mbrtol bl` Tulcgy, 8:225 Mglzgc bl` Iarlbfc, 8::;5 Macolb-Marbcgs bl`Gxpsota-Cblkb 8:28).

Wltrb`g` oltgr`gpgl`gldogs tfg sfbrg` kabcs, dammal cblkubkg bl` dalvgltoals bl`daapgrbtovg lgtwares tfbt iarm wotfol b dcustgr (b`bptg` iram Ttarpgr, 2??75 Mbrtol bl`Tulcgy, 8:225 Mglzgc bl` Iarlbfc, 8::;5 Macolb-Marbcgs bl` Gxpsota-Cblkb 8:28).

Drgbtovotytfg cgvgc ai gltrgprglgurobcosm ai tfg dcustgr bl` tfg woccolklgss ai ots iormsbl` olstotutoals ta ollavbtg (b`bptg` iram Tommog bl` Mbrtol, 8:2:).

Icgxohocotytfg apgllgss ai tfg dcustgr bl` ots bkglts ta lgw gltrblts bl` lgw husolgsspbttgrls (b`bptg` iram Tommog bl` Mbrtol, 8:2:).

Pfgsg vbrobhcgs bl` tfgor bssadobtg` `btb daccgdtoal mgtfa`s bl` saurdgs dbl hg iaul` olPbhcg 4.

4.4.8 Dampcgxoty Cgb`grsfop IuldtoalsDampcgxoty cgb`grsfop tfgary kglgrbccy olòdbtgs tfrgg iuldtoals ai cgb`grsfop bs lgdgssbryiar mblbkolk dampcgx b`bptovg systgms. Pfg iaccawolk `giolotoals brg usg` ta `gpodt gbdfiuldtoal ol tfg daltgxt ai tfg drgbtovg òkotbc dcustgr>

B`molostrbtovg cgb`grsfop tfg bdtoals ai olòvoùbcs bl` kraups ol iarmbc, ar sgmo-iarmbcosg`, arkblosbtoalbc racgs tfbt olvacvg strbtgkod pcbllolk bl` daaròlbtolk ai tfgdcustgr.

B`bptovg cgb`grsfop tfg b`bptovg bl` drgbtovg bdtoals tfbt gmgrkg bs b rgsuct ai oliarmbcoltgrbdtoals hgtwggl olòvoùbcs, iorms bl` olstotutoals wotfol tfg dcustgr bl` wotf tfggxtgrlbc glvoralmglt.

Glbhcolk cgb`grsfopbdtoals tfbt b) iastgr glbhcolk dalòtoals tfbt bccaw b`bptovg cgb`grsfopta gmgrkg5 bl` h) mblbkg tfg gltblkcgmglt hgtwggl iarmbc bl` oliarmbc cgb`grsfop wotfoltfg dcustgr bl` ots bkglts.

(B`bptg` iram Wfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;).

Pfgsg cgb`grsfop iuldtoals fbvg hggl hraegl olta spgdoiod strbtgkogs bl` bdtoals tfbtolòvoùbcs tbeg ta glbhcg dampcgx b`bptovg `ylbmods (Pbhcg 0). Ot os ompartblt ta latg tfbt

b`bptovg cgb`grsfop os kglgrbccy b praùdt ai b`molostrbtovg bl` glbhcolk cgb`grsfop bdtoals.Ttrbtgkogs brg hbsg` al latoals `grovg` iram cotgrbturg bl` prgvoaus gmporodbc stuògs. Pfg`giolotoals ai tfgsg vbrobhcgs bs usg` iar tfos rgsgbrdf oldcu`g>

Arogltbtolktfg strbtgkod pcbllolk bl` iarmbcosg` vosoal huocòlk iar b dcustgr (b`bptgìram Wfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;5 Tdfrgohgr bl` Dbrcgy, 8::9).

Daaròlbtolk tfg bdquosotoal bl` bccadbtoal ai rgsaurdgs ta suppart dcustgr`gvgcapmglt (b`bptg` iram Wfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;).

@orgdtolk tfg ompcgmgltbtoal ai pacodogs ar pradgùrgs tfbt ware ta `gvgcap b margibvaurbhcg glvoralmglt iar dcustgr krawtf (b`bptg` iram Wfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;).

Ompravosolk tfg bhocoty ai bkglts wotfol tfg dcustgr ta tbeg roses bl` o`gltoiy lgwappartulotogs (b`bptg` iram Laatghaam bl` Pgrmggr, 8:24).


27/87

Cgb`grsfop Dampcgxoty> tfg gvacutoal ai b Pgdf Doty 2?

Xgirbmolk ar rgiarmucbtolk tfg trblsiarmbtoal ar rgarkblosbtoal ai gxostolk o`gbs arrgsaurdgs wotfol tfg dcustgr ta praùdg lgw autdamgs (b`bptg` iram Wfc-Hogl gt bc.,8::;5 Codftglstgol bl` Zcawmbl, 8::?5 Laatghaam bl` Pgrmggr, 8:24).

Tglsgmbeolktfg bhocoty ta rgdaklosg lgw systgm o`gltotogs, mbeg darrgcbtoals bl` kovgmgblolk ta bdtoals bl` gvglts wotfol tfg dcustgr (b`bptg` iram Codftglstgol bl`Zcawmbl, 8::?5 Laatghaam bl` Pgrmggr, 8:24).

Dallgdtolk tfg coleolk ai òiigrglt vosoals bl` ahngdtovgs hgtwggl dcustgr bkglts btòiigrglt kgakrbpfodbc ar olstotutoalbc cgvgcs (b`bptg` iram Laatghaam bl` Pgrmggr,8:24).

Iastgrolk oltgrbdtoal tfg drgbtoal ai lgtwareolk gvglts bl` spbdgs tfbt glbhcgoltgrbdtoal hgtwggl bkglts ol tfg dcustgr (b`bptg` iram Wfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;).

Iastgrolk oltgr`gpgl`gldy tfg pramatoal ai wareolk kraups bl` daccbharbtovgpbrtlgrsfops tfbt kglgrbtg oltgr`gpgl`glt dallgdtoals wotfol tfg dcustgr (b`bptg` iramWfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;).

Olngdtolk tglsoal tfg olngdtoal ai òvgrsg bkglts bl` o`gbs ta b dcustgr bl` tfgpramatoal ai b sglsg ai urkgldy ta ots krawtf (b`bptg` iram Wfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;5Codftglstgol bl` Zcawmbl, 8::?).

Oltgkrbtolktfg oltgkrbtoal ai elawcg`kg bl` o`gbs hgtwggl sdbcgs oldcuòlk hattam-upigg`hbde bl` mbdra sdbcg elawcg`kg òstrohutoal wotfol tfg dcustgr (b`bptg` iram Wfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;5 Laatghaam bl` Pgrmggr, 8:24).


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Pbhcg 0Dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop iuldtoals apgrbtoalbcosbtoal

Cgb`grsfop Iuldtoals Ttrbtgkogs Uda`gs usg`

wotfol BPCBT.to]

Bdtoals @btb Daccgdtoal Mgtfa`s Taurdgs

B`molostrbtovgCgb`grsfop

Arogltbtolk UAX] Yosoal HuocòlkZcbllolkGvbcubtoal

Tgdal`bry @btbArkblosbtoalbcXgparts5 Kavgrlmglt Xgparts5 Mgòbbrtodcgs5 Bdb`gmod NaurlbcsRubcotbtovg @btbOltgrvogws

Aiiodg iar Lbtoalbc Ttbtostods5 WEKavgrlmglt (alcolg)5 Krgbtgr CalàlButfaroty (alcolg)5 Pgdf Doty Pfor`Bllovgrsbry XgpartPgdf Doty Iuturgs Xgpart5 PfgKubròbl5 Pfg Ol`gpgl`glt5[[email protected] Iaar`, 8::4 (bdb`gmodbrtodcg)5 Pgdf Doty Dcustgrrgprgsgltbtovgs5 WE Pgdf bl` Husolgss

Bccobldg5 Gltrgprglgur Iorst5 @okotbcTfargòtdf5 Tfargòtdf wares5Wlovgrsoty Daccgkg Calàl5 Atfgr egyrgspal`glts

Daaròlbtolk UDA] Bdquorolk rgsaurdgsBccadbtolk rgsaurdgs

@orgdtolk U@O] Gstbhcosfolk pacodogs bl` pradgùrgsBccadbtolk tbses

B`bptovg Cgb`grsfop Ompravosolk UOM] Pbeolk rosesBccawolk gxpgromglts

Caaeolk iar lgw appartulotogsXgarkblosolk rgsaurdgs

Xgirbmolk arrgiarmucbtolk UXI]

Dfblkolk sdbcgsBàptolk òiigrglt pgrspgdtovgs

Tglsgmbeolk UTM] Kglgrbtolk lgw ul`grstblòlks@gvgcapolk dammal cblkubkgCgb`grs bddgptolk Pbks

Dallgdtolk UDL] Mbeolk colebkgs hgtwggl> Zgapcg Husolgssgs Mbdra-modra cgvgcs Yosoals

Glbhcolk Cgb`grsfop Iastgrolk oltgrbdtoal UIO] Gstbhcosfolk wareolk kraupsDrgbtolk lgtware gvgltsDrgbtolk oltgrbdtovg spbdgs

Iastgrolkoltgr`gpgl`gldg UI@]

@gvgcapolk da-aròlbtoal rucgsDrgbtolk pbrtlgrsfops

Olngdtolk tglsoal UPG] Turibdolk ai dalicodtsDrgbtolk b sglsg ai urkgldy

Olngdtolk òvgrsoty (pgapcg, o`gbs)Oltgkrbtolk UOP] Zravoòlk hattam-up igg`hbdeDfbmpoalolk lgw o`gbsMalotarolk tfg glvoralmglt iar rgcgvbltoliarmbtoal

Hbsg` alWfc-Hogl gt bc., 8::;5 Codftglstgol bl` Zcawmbl, 8::?5 Laatghaam bl` Pgrmggr, 8:24.


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4.0 @btb Daccgdtoal Mgtfa`s bl` Tbmpcolk

Ol ar`gr ta dalùdt tfg dbsg stu`y rgsgbrdf, twa spgdoiod `btb daccgdtoal mgtfa`s fbvg hgglutocosg`> qubcotbtovg bl` sgdal`bry `btb daccgdtoal. Pfg iaccawolk sgdtoal wocc `gtboc faw gbdfmgtfa` supparts tfg dbsg stu`y mgtfaàcaky bl` faw ot rgcbtgs ta tfg apgrbtoalbcosbtoal ai

tfgargtodbc daldgpts. Pfg bppraprobtg saurdgs iar gbdf daccgdtoal mgtfa` wocc bcsa hgautcolg`.

4.0.2 Rubcotbtovg `btb daccgdtoalRubcotbtovg mgtfa`s brg bppraprobtg iar tfg dbsg stu`y bpprabdf bàptg` iar tfos tfgsos bs begy ahngdtovg os ta blbcysg tfg pgrdgptoals ai wfbt cgb`grsfop iuldtoals bl` strbtgkogs fbvgolicugldg` tfg dcustgrs `gvgcapmglt. Pfos kglgrbccy praùdgs rgspalsgs tfbt dbllat hg gbsocyqubltoiog` hut brg ompartblt ta ul`grstblòlk tfg dampcgxoty ai oltgrrgcbtoalsfops hgtwgglbkglts bl` tfgor glvoralmglt. Rubcotbtovg `btb bcsa pravo`gs gvo`gldg bs ta tfg pgrdgovg`cgvgc ai b`bptovg dydcg òmglsoals bs tfg dcustgr fbs `gvgcapg`. Pfg òmglsoals ai dbpotbcbl` dallgdtg`lgss mby cgl` tfgmsgcvgs ta marg qubltotbtovg bpprabdfgs hut rgsocogldg ostypodbccy mgbsurg` hy olòvoùbcs rgicgdtoal ai tfg b`bptbhocoty ai tfgor olstotutoal ar tfg

systgm.

Tgmo-strudturg` oltgrvogw mgtfa`s iarm tfg hbsos ai tfos qubcotbtovg bpprabdf. Bs tfg tfgsosbàpts gstbhcosfg` tfgargtodbc daldgpts iar ots cgls, ot os bppraprobtg tfbt oltgrvogw qugstoalswotf egy pbrtodopblts wgrg irbmg` wotf tfgsg daldgpts ol mol`. Pfos os lat b dampcgtgcygxpcarbtary tfgsos bs ot os utocosolk gstbhcosfg` dampcgxoty hbsg` ma`gcs ta `gsdrohg bl`gxpcbol bspgdts ai tfg dcustgrs gvacutoal. Mgmhgr dfgdeolk fbs bcsa hggl bàptg` ta vgroiybl` bssgss rgspalsgs kovgl hy egy pbrtodopblts.

4.0.8 @gsdroptoal ai sbmpcgB purpasovg mbxomum vbrobtoal sbmpcg ai tfg dcustgr papucbtoal wbs tbrkgtg` iar tfg sgmo-strudturg` oltgrvogws. Ot wbs ompartblt ta kbol bddgss ta pgapcg wfa wgrg dcasg ta egy`gdosoals ar gvglts tfbt fgcpg` sfbpg tfg dcustgr, ar wfa fb` bl ul`grstblòlk ai faw tfgdcustgr apgrbtgs bs b mbdra systgm. B lal-famakglaus kraup wbs rgquorg` iar sbmpcolk bsrgsgbrdf fokfcokfts tfg sfbrg` rgspalsohocoty bl` olicugldg ai muctopcg stbegfac`grs (lbmgcy

puhcod, provbtg bl` rgsgbrdf sgdtars) ol dcustgr `gvgcapmglt (Tcvgcc, 8::?).

Gmboc bl` pfalg olvotbtoals wgrg sglt ta 0: daltbdts tfbt wgrg dalso`grg` ta fbvg òrgdtolvacvgmglt ar bl ol-`gptf ul`grstblòlk ai tfg Gbst Calàl dcustgr wotf 29 bkrggolk ta hgolvacvg` ol sgmo-strudturg` oltgrvogws. Pfgsg olòvoùbcs oldcu`g` rgprgsgltbtoal iramgltrgprglgurs, cadbc kavgrlmglt, dgltrbc kavgrlmglt (vob kavgrlmglt bkgldogs), bddgcgrbtars,dalsuctolk iorms, gùdbtoal olstotutoals, vglturg dbpotbcosts bl` tfg mgòb. Doty kavgrlmglt oltfg iarm ai tfg Krgbtgr Calàl Butfaroty wbs daltbdtg` hut rgqugsts wgrg lat suddgssiuc.

@ug ta tomg dalstrbolts, ot pravg` òiioduct ta kgt bl bppraprobtg hbcbldg ai òiigrgltstbegfac`grs. Pfos wauc` fbvg bccawg` iar b krgbtgr dampbrosal ai òiigrgldgs ol stbegfac`gr

pgrdgptoals hgtwggl kraups.

B iucc cost ai pbrtodopblts dbl hg iaul` ol Bllgx 2. Mast oltgrvogws wgrg dalùdtg` ibdg-ta-ibdg, gxdgpt iar tfrgg pbrtodopblts wfa wgrg olvacvg` ol pfalg oltgrvogws. Rugstoals wgrgdaltgxt spgdoiod, hut b kglgrbc autcolg ai dammal qugstoals dbl hg iaul` ol Bllgx 8.Xgigrgldgs ta oltgrvogwggs bs saurdgs ai oliarmbtoal wocc hg mbreg` wfgrg bppraprobtg hytfg cgttgr O bl` b lumhgr, iar gxbmpcg - (O9).

4.0.4 Tgdal`bry `btb daccgdtoalOl ar`gr ta b``rgss ossugs ai oltgrlbc vbcoòty wotf tfg dbsg stu`y mgtfaàcaky usg` iar tfostfgsos, ot wbs ompartblt ta `rbw al sgdal`bry `btb ta suppart qubcotbtovg gvo`gldg. Tgdal`bry`btb wbs usg` ta lat alcy gvbcubtg b`bptovg dydcg òmglsoals wotfol tfg dcustgr brgb hut bcsa


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ta blbcysg gxtgrlbc pgrdgptoals ai egy cgb`grsfop strbtgkogs. B stralkgr lbrrbtovg gmgrkg` bl`pbttgrls wgrg o`gltoiog` hy tfg troblkucbtoal ai `btb.

Tgdal`bry `btb saurdgs iar blbcysolk dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop vbrobhcgs oldcu`g` kavgrlmgltrgparts, kavgrlmglt bllauldgmglts, mgòb brtodcgs, naurlbc brtodcgs bl` dcustgr olotobtovggvbcubtoal rgparts. Bcc tfgsg saurdgs wgrg kglgrbccy bvbocbhcg alcolg puhcodbccy ar vobbdb`gmod suhsdroptoals ta naurlbcs. B`òtoalbc sgdal`bry `btb wbs saurdg` iram egy

pbrtodopblts bs qubcotbtovg `btb daccgdtoal prakrgssg`. Ol b`òtoal, qubltotbtovg sgdal`bry `btbwbs saurdg` wfgrg passohcg iram kavgrlmglt stbtostod wghsotgs bl` dcustgr rgparts ta suppartblbcysos ai b`bptovg dydcg òmglsoals, gspgdobccy cgvgcs ai dbpotbc.

4.0.0 @btb daccgdtoal pfbsgsPfg iorst pfbsg ai daccgdtolk oliarmbtoal wbs sgdal`bry `btb daccgdtoal hy wby ai `gsetaprgsgbrdf. Pfos olvacvg` bddgssolk puhcodbccy bvbocbhcg adumglts, btbsgts bl` brtodcgs rgcbtg`ta tfg dcustgr bl`/ar tfg `gsoklbtg` dcustgr kgakrbpfy. Olotobc sdbls ai àdumglts bl` hbsod`btb mblopucbtoals addurrg`. Ot iarmg` tfg hbsos iar strudturolk tfg oltgrvogw kuo`gcolgs blò`gltoiyolk egy rgspal`glts iar tfg oltgrvogws ol tfg lgxt pfbsg.

Pfg oltgrvogw pfbsg wbs dalùdtg` ol b sgmo-strudturg` mbllgr wotf apgl qugstoals òrgdtg`tawbr`s kbololk oliarmbtoal bhaut tfg olòdbtars o`gltoiog` ol tfg apgrbtoalbcosbtoal.Oltgrvogwggs wgrg pravo`g` wotf bl avgrvogw ai tfg boms bl` ahngdtovgs ai tfg rgsgbrdf hutcab`g` qugstoals wgrg bvao`g` ta glsurg tfbt tfg autdamg ai tfg oltgrvogw wbs latdampcgtgcy `gtgrmolostod. Pfraukfaut tfg oltgrvogw pfbsg, oltgrvogwggs òrgdtg` tfgrgsgbrdfgr ta iurtfgr sgdal`bry `btb saurdgs bl` b`òtoalbc daltbdts tfbt suppartg` `btbdaccgdtoal.

Mgmhgr dfgdeolk ai oliarmbtoal rgkbròlk egy `btgs ar spgdoiod lbmgs wbs daltolubccydalùdtg` tfraukfaut tfg oltgrvogws. Zbrtodopblts wgrg bcsa kovgl tfg dfbldg ta pravo`gb`òtoalbc igg`hbde ar rgspalsgs past oltgrvogw oi lgdgssbry.

4.7 @btb Blbcysos Mgtfa`s

_ol (8::4, p.2:?) sukkgsts gvgry dbsg stu`y sfauc`strovg ta fbvg b kglgrbc blbcytodbc

strbtgky. Pfos fgcps ta bvao` b sotubtoal wfgrg lumgraus `btb os daccgdtg` hut tfg rgsgbrdfgrfbs la systgmbtod strudturg iar blbcysolk ar prgsgltolk ot. Pfos tfgsos fbs bàptg` blblbcytodbc strbtgky tfbt iadusgs al b``rgssolk tfgargtodbc prapasotoals tfbt wgrg `gvgcapg`tfraukf tfg rgvogw ai cotgrbturg ol Dfbptgr Pwa.

B iarm ai tomg sgrogs blbcysos wbs usg` ta spgdoiodbccy caae bt tfg dfralacakodbc sgqugldg aigvglts bl` `gdosoals tfbt fbvg cg` ta tfg dcustgrs `gvgcapmglt. Bttgmpts wgrg mb`g tao`gltoiy spgdoiod tomg oltgrvbcs bl` trbdg tfg usg ai dampcgxoty cgb`grsfop strbtgkogs avgr

tomg. B troblkucbtoal ai rgsgbrdf mgtfa`s bl` `btb saurdgs wbs usg` ta huoc` tfos gxpcblbtoal.Dfralacakogs dbl hg usg` iar gxpcblbtary rgsgbrdf bs wgcc bs `gsdroptovg (_ol, 8::4).Coleolk dfblkgs ol b`bptovg dydcg òmglsoals bl` pfbsgs ta spgdoiod dampcgxoty cgb`grsfopiuldtoals bl` bdtoals wbs usg` ta mbeg samg dbsubc oligrgldgs.

Rubcotbtovg bl` sgdal`bry `btb wbs blbcysg` usolk tgxt bl` buòa blbcysos saitwbrg(BPCBT.to) tfbt bccaws iar daòlk ai vbrobhcgs ta o`gltoiy pbttgrls. Cgb`grsfop bdtoals bl`tfg qubcotbtovg b`bptovg dydcg òmglsoals tfgy suppartg` wgrg bssoklg` da`gs bs pgrPbhcg 4bl`Pbhcg 0.Pfgy wgrg bcsa bssoklg` ta òiigrglt tomg pgroa`s ta suppart dfralacakodbc tomgsgrogs blbcysos. Iar gxbmpcg, tfg oltgr-iorm bitgrware HHRs wgrg da`g` bs UIO] UDL] UWO]UPO] UZrg-Pgdf Doty] ta o`gltoiy tfbt tfgy wgrg bl gbrcy stbkg strbtgky ta iastgr oltgrbdtoal ol

ar`gr ta dallgdt olòvoùbcs bl` glbhcg daccbharbtovg autdamgs. Pomg sgrogs blbcysos ai


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sgdal`bry qubltotbtovg `btb wbs bcsa dalùdtg` ta fokfcokft pbttgrls ol egy b`bptovg dydcgòmglsoals tfbt wgrg spgdoiod ta tfg dcustgrs cadbtoal.

Dbsubc rgcbtoalsfops hgtwggl cgb`grsfop iuldtoals bl` b`bptovg pfbsgs wbs gstbhcosfg` vobmgbsurolk tfg lumhgr ai typgs ai cgb`grsfop bdtoals5 tfg apoloal ai rgspal`glts5 bl`blbcysolk gxbmpcgs gxprgssg` ol sgdal`bry `btb bt òiigrglt stbkgs ai tfg dcustgrs gvacutoal.

4.9 Xgsgbrdf @gsokl Avgrvogw

Pa bo` tfg ul`grstblòlk ai tfg dampalglts ai tfos rgsgbrdf `gsokl bl` tfg colebkgs hgtwggltfgm, b òbkrbmmbtod rgprgsgltbtoal os prgsgltg` ol Iokurg 6. Pfg rgsgbrdf qugstoals bl`

prapasotoals fbvg oliarmg` tfg dfaodg ai rgsgbrdf strbtgky, daccgdtoal bl` blbcysos wotfiolòlks tfgl hgolk coleg` hbde ta tfgsg qugstoals.

Iokurg 6 - Xgprgsgltbtoal ai rgsgbrdf `gsokl

Taurdg> Xgsgbrdfgrs awl b`bptoal ai proldopcgs bl` daldgpts iram _ol (8::4)

4.; Ybcoòty bl` Xgcobhocoty

Pfgrg brg kglgrbccy iaur drotgrob tfbt brg usg` ta bssgss tfg qubcoty ai gmporodbc sadobcrgsgbrdf> dalstrudt vbcoòty, oltgrlbc vbcoòty, gxtgrlbc vbcoòty bl` rgcobhocoty (_ol, 8::4).Gbdf drotgroal fbs ompcodbtoals iar tfg dbsg stu`y bpprabdf bàptg` ùg ta tfg cbrkg gmpfbsosal qubcotbtovg `btb saurdgs bl` wocc hg b``rgssg` ol tfg iaccawolk suh-sgdtoals.


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4.;.2 Dalstrudt YbcoòtyDbsg stuògs brg aitgl drotodosg` iar lat `gvgcapolk giigdtovg mgbsurgs iar tfg daldgpts tfgysgt aut ta blbcysg (_ol, 8::4). Pa bvao` tfos, tfg tfgsos fbs bàptg` b dcgbr rgsgbrdf `gsoklstrudturg tfbt oldarparbtgs gcgmgl

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