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Leading
• Ch. 10, Leaders and LeadershipManaging the Paradox L. Dubin, MGT 121
Leadership, Managing the Paradox
Teams usually need leaders, but their very presence threatens the autonomy of the team
Autonomy: Independence, freedom to choose In Leadership: Self-direction
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Teams and Leaders Defined
Teams: Empowered groups who collaborate in a mutually beneficial fashion to enact positive change.
Leaders: Those who take charge of group efforts. Shape goals Coordinate efforts Motivate members
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Leadership Paradox
The presence of a leader does not always guarantee that teams will be effective
Leadership seems to run contrary to teamwork Traditional type leaders are often ineffective in
team based organizations
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Leadership vs. Management
“Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.” Peter F. Drucker (Educator/Writer)
“People don’t want to be managed, they want to be led’’ (Thompson, p. 262)
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Leadership and Management
Management: a business or team function Leadership: a relationship between the leader and the
group that energizes the team Leadership: the ability to influence people to achieve
the goals of a team or organization Leadership: the point of view that the leader adopts
A Leader sees what needs to be done Understands the forces at work in the organization Takes action to make things better
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Are You a Manager or a Leader?
Managing: Doing things right Leading: Doing the right things
(try not to micro-manage)
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Nature vs. Nurture Debate
Are leaders born or self-made? The Great Person Theory states
that leaders are born, not made The Great Opportunity Theory
states that leadership canbe learned as a skill
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Great Man (Person) Theory Intelligence and leadership Personality and leadership Birth order and leadership Gender and leadership
(related to how followers react)
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Great Opportunity Theory
Seating arrangements Random selection of leaders…
produces better leaders leads to better team performance
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Leadership Styles
1. Task vs. Person Leadership2. Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership3. Active vs. Passive Leadership4. Autocratic vs. Democratic Leadership
** Free-Rein or Laissez-Faire
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1. Task vs. Person Leadership
Interested in accomplishing team objectives vs. Focused on the process of getting there
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2. Transactional vs. Transformational
Transactional Leaders: Use power to reinforce team members Set up a competitive relationship
among team members Transformational Leaders:
Motivate others to work toward goals beyond self-interest for the good of the team or organization
Rely on charisma, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration to produce change
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3. Active vs. Passive* Leadership
Take part in team activities & are highly visible vs. Not involved in the day-to-day team activities
*Laissez Faire
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4. Autocratic vs. Democratic
Sole possession of authority, power, & control Top Down leadership or Vertical Leadership
Involving team members in leadership Shared leadership Shared purpose improves
team effectiveness
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Free-Rein or Laissez-Faire
Involves setting objectives Giving employees a significant amount of freedom to
do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives Workers are allowed to prove themselves based upon
goals reached (rather than meeting specific criteria) Doctors, engineers, lawyers, consultants Traits needed by managers in such organizations
include warmth, friendliness, and understanding
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Leadership and Power
Power: “ the ability of a person to control the outcomes of another person in a relationship.” (Kelley, H.H. & Thibaut, J., 1978)
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Sources of Power
Legitimate Power Based on a person’s
position Others comply as they
believe in his/her legitimacy Reward Power
Based on a person’s access to rewards
Others comply as they desire rewards
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Sources of Power
Coercive Power Based on a person's ability
to punish Others comply as they fear
punishment Expert Power
Based on personal expertise Others comply as they
believe in his/her knowledge
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Sources of Power
Referent Power Based on a person’s attractiveness to others Others comply out of respect and likeability
All positive? Michael Jordan Tiger Woods Tim Tebow
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Path-Goal Theory
“It is the leader’s job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to give them the necessary directions and/or support to ensure their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization.”
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Better Leaders…
Encourage Participative Management Delegate tasks Invite others to share in the work Teach and mentor
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…and
Teams composed of talented individuals that are selected for their specific knowledge or skills, need…
Leaders who encourage participation and collaboration
The leader will function better! Tasks are performed better! The team works better and goals are achieved!
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In Conclusion
• A new image of leadership is necessary. Be a leader among equals rather than a leader of followers.
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