Leadership LEC#3(Skills Approach)

8/16/2019 Leadership LEC#3(Skills Approach)

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Leadership

Northouse, 4th edition

Chapter 3 - Skills Approach



Overview

Skills Approach Perspective

Three-Skill Approach (Katz, 1955)

Skills-ased !odel (!"#$ord, et al,

%&&&) 'ow oes the Skills Approach ork*



Skills Approach escriptio+

•Leader-ce+teredperspective

• #phasis o+skills a+d

ailities that ca+e lear+ed a+ddeveloped

Leadership skills - The ailit. to "seo+e/s k+owled0ea+d co#pete+cies

to acco#plish aset o$ 0oals a+doectives

Perspective

Perspective Definition

Definition



Three-Skill Approach(Katz, 1955)

Tech+ical Skill

'"#a+ Skill

2o+cept"al Skill



asic Ad#i+istrative Skills 3 Katz(1955)

Management Skills Necessary at Various Levels of an

Organization

Leaders need

all three skills –

but, skill ability/importance

changes based on

level of

management



Tech+ical Skill

• Technical skill - havi+0 k+owled0e

ao"t a+d ei+0 pro4cie+t i+ a speci4ct.pe o$ work or activit.

– Specialized co#pete+cies

– A+al.tical ailit.

– 2apailit. to "se appropriate tools a+dtech+i6"es

• Tech+ical skills i+volve hands-on ailit.with a prod"ct or process

• !ost i#porta+t at lower levels o$#a+a0e#e+t



'"#a+ Skill

• Human skill 3 havi+0 k+owled0e ao"t

a+d ei+0 ale to work with people

– Aware+ess o$ o+e/s ow+ perspective a+dothers/ perspectives at the sa#e ti#e

– People skills help a leader to assist 0ro"p#e#ers i+ worki+0 cooperativel. to achieveco##o+ 0oals

– 2reates a+ at#osphere o$ tr"st where #e#ers$eel the. ca+ eco#e i+volved a+d i#pactdecisio+s i+ the or0a+izatio+

– 7#porta+t at all levels o$ the or0a+izatio+



2o+cept"al Skill

• Conceptual skill - the ailit. to do the#e+tal work o$ shapi+0 #ea+i+0 o$or0a+izatio+al polic. or iss"es (whatcompany stands for and where it’s going)

– orks easil. with abstraction a+dhypothetical notions

– 2e+tral to creati+0 a+d artic"lati+0 avision a+d strategic plan $or a+or0a+izatio+

– !ost i#porta+t at top #a+a0e#e+tlevels



Skills-ased !odel Skills !odel Perspective

Skills-ased !odel – 2o#pete+cies

– 7+divid"al Attri"tes

– Leadership O"tco#es – 2areer 8perie+ces

– +viro+#e+tal 7+"e+ces



Skills !odel escriptio+(!"#$ord, :accaro, 'ardi+0, ;acos, < =leish#a+,

%&&&)

• >esearch st"dies

(199&s) 0oal? to ide+ti$.the leadership $actorsthat create e8e#plar.

o per$or#a+ce i+ a+or0a+izatio+

• #phasizes thecapabilities that #akee@ective leadershippossile rather tha+what leaders do

PerspectivePerspective Skills-Based Model of

Leadership

Skills-Based Model of

Leadership

Capability model - Examinesrelationship between a leaders

knowledge ! skills ! the leaders

performance

"uggests many people have the

potential for leadership



Skills !odel

Three Components of the Skills Model



2o#pete+c. Skills

Copetencies

Pro!le Solvin" Social #ud"ent $no%led"e

• Creative a!ilit& to

solve ne%'unusual,

ill-definedor"ani(ational

pro!les

• Capacit& to

understand people

and social s&stes - erspective taking

! Social perceptiveness

! "ehavioral fle#ibility

! Social performance

• Theaccumulation of

information &the mentalstructures toorganize theinformation•K+owled0e

e8perts

K+owled0e e8perts



Skills !odel? 2o#pete+c

• Social "d0#e+t skills – +dersta+d people a+d social s.ste#s

– ork with others a+d 0et s"pport to i#plcha+0e

– Three deli+eatio+s• Perspective taki+0? attit"de o$ others towards

#path. ased li+ked to social i+telli0e+ceao"t people, social set "p o$ or0 a+d theiri+terrelated+ess

• Social perceptive+ess? i+si0ht a+d aware+ess

$"+ctio+ i+ the or0a+izatio+ Leader/s k+owled



7+divid"al Attri"tes

)ndividualAttri!utes

#eneral $ognitive %bility

• Person*s intelli"ence

- erceptual processing

! $nformation processing

! %eneral reasoning

! Creative & divergent

thinking

! Memory

• )ntellectual

a!ilit& learned

or ac+uired

over tie

$rystalli&ed$ognitive %bility

'otivation (ersonality

• hree aspects of

otivation

- 'illingness

! (ominance

! Social good

• An&

characteristic

that helps people

cope %ithcople

or"ani(ational

situations is

pro!a!l& related

to leader

perforance



Leadership O"tco#es

Leadership.utcoes

Pro!le Solvin" Perforance

• Criteria / ori"inalit& 0 +ualit& of

solutions to pro!le situations 1 "ood

pro!le solvin" involves creatin"

solutions that are2 ! Logical

! )ffective

! *ni+ue

! %o beyond given information

• De"ree to %hich a

leader has successfull&

perfored his'her

assi"ned duties



Skills !odel

Skills Model of Leadership



2areer 8perie+ces

Career periences

Challen"in"Assi"nents

Mentorin" Appropriaterainin"

ands-on perience 5ith

Novelt&

perience "ained durin" career influences leader*s kno%led"e 0skills to solve cople pro!les

Leaders learn and develop hi"her levels of conceptual capacit& ifthe& pro"ressivel& confront ore cople and lon"-ter pro!lesas the& ascend the or"ani(ational hierarch&



+viro+#e+tal 7+"e+ces

nvironental)nfluences

6actors.utside of Leader*s

Control

6actors in a leader*s situation that lie outside of the leader*s

copetencies, characteristics, and eperiences

– Outdated technology

– Subordinates,



'ow oes the SkillsApproach ork*

=oc"s o$ Skills Approach

Stre+0ths

2riticis#s

Applicatio+



Skills Approach

• =oc"s ispri#aril.

descriptive 3 itdescriesleadership $ro#skills perspective

• Providesstr"ct"re $or"+dersta+di+0

the +at"re o$

• Katz (1955) s"00estsi#porta+ce o$partic"lar leadershipskills varies depe+di+0where leaders reside i+#a+a0e#e+t hierarch.

• Mumford et al(!""") s"00est

leadership o"tco#esare direct res"lt o$leader/s skilledco#pete+c. i+ prole#solvi+0, social

"d0#e+t < k+owled0e

6ocus6ocus Principal 7esearchPerspectives

Principal 7esearch

Perspectives



Stre+0ths

• =irst approach to co+cept"alize a+dcreate a structure o$ the process o$leadership aro"+d skills

• escrii+0 leadership i+ ter#s o$ skills#akes leadership available toeveryone

• Provides a+ expansive view o$leadership that i+corporates wide variet.o$ co#po+e+ts (ie, prole#-solvi+0skills, social "d0#e+t skills)

• Provides a str"ct"re consistent with



2riticis#s

• readth o$ the skills approachappears to extend e.o+d theo"+daries o$ leadership, #aki+0 it#ore 0e+eralBless precise

• eak i+ predictive val"eC does +ote8plai+ how skills lead to e@ective

leadership per$or#a+ce• Skills #odel i+cl"des i+divid"al

attri"tes that are trait-like



Applicatio+

• The Skills Approach provides a wa. todeli+eate the skills o$ a leader

• 7t is applicale to leaders at all levelswithi+ the or0a+izatio+

• The skills i+ve+tor. ca+ providei+si0hts i+to the i+divid"al/s leadership

co#pete+cies• Test scores allow leaders to lear+ ao"t

areas i+ which the. #a. wish to seek$"rther trai+i+0

Documents

Leadership LEC#3(Skills Approach)