LEADER SELECTION SYSTEM

USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

NURUL SYAFAWANI BINTI BAHAROM

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(INTERNET COMPUTING)

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018

LEADER SELECTION SYSTEM USING

ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

NURUL SYAFAWANI BINTI BAHAROM

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (INTERNET

COMPUTING)

FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN, TERENGGANU,

MALAYSIA

MAY 2018

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations

and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been

previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin or other institutions.

Name : Nurul Syafawani Bt

Baharom

Date : 21/5/18

i

CONFIRMATION

This is to confirm that:

The research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervision.

Name : En Mohd Sufian Bin Mat Deris

Date : 21/5/18

ii

DEDICATION

First of all, I would like to express my most gratitude to Allah the Almighty for his

grace and the Mercy that allow me to complete this project. Then, I would like to

thank my supervisor Encik Mohd Sufian Bin Mat Deris for the continuous support for

me to complete this project.

Sincere thanks to all my friends for their kindness and moral support. Last but not

least, my deepest gratitude to my beloved parents for their prayers and

encouragement. To those who are indirectly contributing, your kindness means a lot to

me. Thank you.

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CONTENTS

DECLARATION CONFIRMATION DEDICATION CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Problem Statement

1.3 Objectives

1.4 Scopes

1.5 Limitation of Work

1.6

1.7

Project Goal

Report Structure

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Motivation on study

2.3 Criteria in Selecting Leader

2.3.1 Personality Type

2.3.2 CGPA

2.3.3 Gender

2.4 Analytic Hierarchy Process

2.5 Comparison between method

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Waterfall Model

3.2.1 Requirement Analysis

3.2.2 System Design

3.2.3 Implementation

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PAGE i ii iii iv vi vii viii

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2

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3

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4 4

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7,8 9

10 11 12 13 13

3.2.4 Testing

3.2.5 Maintenance

3.3 Purposed Method

3.4 System Requirement

3.4.1 Hardware

3.4.2 Software

3.5

3.6

3.7

Summary Chapter

Framework

System Design

3.7.1 Context Diagram (CD)

3.7.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0

3.7.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1

3.7.4 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

3.7.5 Interface Prototype

3.8 Database Design

3.8.1 Data Dictionary

REFERENCES

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14 14

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16,17 17 17,18 18,19 19-21

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23 23-25 26 26-28

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

3.1

3.2

3.3

Table 3.1 : List of Hardware

Table 3.2: List of Software

Table 3.3 : Data Dictionary of Table Admin

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15

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3.4 Table 3.4 : Data Dictionary of Table Candidate 26

3.5 Table 3.5 : Data Dictionary of Table Organization 27

3.6 Table 3.6 : Data Dictionary of Table Personality type 27 3.7 Table 3.7: Data Dictionary of Table Personality type 28 Question

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

2.1

3.1

Figure 2.1: AHP Hierarchy

Figure 3.1 : Waterfall Model

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12

3.2

3.3

Figure 3.2 : Framework

Figure 3.3 : Context Diagram ( CD )

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3.4 Figure 3.4 : Data Flow Diagram ( DFD ) Level 0 18

3.5 Figure 3.5 : Data Flow Diagram ( DFD ) Level 1 19-21

3.6 Figure 3.6 : Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1 20

3.7 Figure 3.7 : Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1 21

3.8 Figure 3.8 : Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) 22

3.9 Figure 3.9 : 1stPage Of User Interface Prototype 23

3.10 Figure 3.10: 2nd Page Of User Interface Prototype 24

3.11

3.12

Figure 3.11: 3rd Page Of User Interface Prototype

Figure 3.12: 4th Page Of User Interface Prototype

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS

CD DFD ERD FYP

Context Diagram Data Flow Diagram Entity Relationship Diagram Final year project

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background In every university or school have set up organization and team. In that organization and

team will have the leader to make sure the organization will smoothly progress. To choose the

leader will difficult because some of the parties with differences of background. Selecting the

right leaders is central to success. Thus, selecting the team leader is the first task to ensure the

successful of the organization or team.

Leader Selection System for using AHP is systems that help members in organization and

team to find their best leader to conduct the organization. The selection will involve some of

criteria such as personality type, co-curricular, CGPA and gender. This system is use AHP

because it able to achieve high accuracy in dealing with selection process.

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1.2 Problem Statement After organization or team formation, each organization or team must want to find their

leader to make sure that whole member of the organization and team working smoothly.

Choosing a good leader is important because leader playing an important role in conducting

the organization or team and the entire member. Therefore, it is important to choose the best

leader to ensure the all activities can successful.

1.3 Objectives

There are several objectives to develop this system such as :

i. To design web based system that can help members in organisation to find their

leader.

ii. To develop web based system that using AHP technique that accurate in dealing with

selection process.

iii. To implement Leader Selection System using AHP on the organisation or team to find

their leader.

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1.4 Scope The main objective of this project is to help all parties in organization to find and get the best

leader among the members in the organization and the selection can be done by voting using

web based system. For the scope, it can be divide in two; user scope and system scope.

i. User scope:

main users that use this system are admin and people that want to be candidate

of leader in organisation or team. For admin, they can log in, manage

organization and manage the page of the candidate like make the form for

candidate to fill up. For the candidate, they must register, login and answer the

question survey.

ii. System scope:

the system are able to give the result which candidate are suitable to be a

leader based on selection criteria.

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1.5 Project Goal

The project goal is to design web based system that can all parties in the

organization to find their best leader in that organization or team.

1.6 Limitation of Work

There is some limitation in this system which are :

i. This system only focusing on selecting the leader.

ii. This system only focusing on university student.

1.7 Report Structure

This thesis consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 is introduced that contains

background, problem statement, objectives, scope, project goal, limitation of work

and report structure. Chapter 2 is a literature review, discuss the technique and theory

that had been carried out by another researcher and existing computer application that

related to the on-going project. The last chapter in this thesis is Chapter 3. Chapter 3 is

a methodology that discusses method or technique used to develop this project. This

chapter also include the design and framework detail to show how this system will

work which are include the contact diagram, entity relationship diagram, data flow

diagram and User Interface prototype. This design is very important to show the flow

of this system.

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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction The aim of this project is to develop web based system that can help members in organisation

or team to make decision choose their leader using AHP. This chapter will discuss about the

basic concept of selecting leader using decision making, AHP. In this chapter too, will discuss

more about criteria used to achieve the goal. Besides that, some related or existing research

will be discussed in this chapter.

2.2 Motivation of study

The use of web based decision making in increase nowadays because of various type

technique are available to be use. One of the most popular techniques of Multi criteria

Decision Making (MCDM) is Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique (Dalalah, Al-

Oqla, Hayajneh, 2010). AHP most widely used technique in decision making due to accuracy,

simplicity, theoretical robustness, ability to handle both quantitative and qualitative criteria

and more important ability to measure the consistency of judgement of respondent

(Khatrouch, Boujelbene, Kermad, Elmehamedi, 2014) (Jain, Rao, 2013) (Zendeh, Aali, 2011).

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2.3 Criteria in Selecting Leader

2.3.1 Personality type

In the past research, personality types have a high impact on team

performance (Acuna, Gomez, Juristo, 2009) (Capretz, Ahmed, 2010) (Omar,

Abdullah, 2010). (Omar, Abdullah, Husin, 2010) added that personality types play

an important role in team performance.

Expert believed that personality types is four times more important than

academic achievement, three times more important that teamwork experience and

seven times more important than previous programming grade (Mazni, Zahraa,

Mazida, Fauziah, Azman, Haslina, Norida, 2015)

2.3.2 CGPA

In order to find the team leader, CGPA is the one of criteria that need to be

measure. Expert also believed that academic achievement three times more important

that previous programming grade (Mazni, Zahraa, Mazida, Fauziah, Azman, Haslina,

Norida, 2015).

Moreover academic achievement also playing an important role to determine

team performance (Omar, Abdullah, Husin, 2011).

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2.3.3 Gender

Each student since difference gender will be having different kind of habits,

mentality and perspective (Naderi, Rohani, Abdullah, Aizan, Sharir, 2009).

2.4 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is a multi-criteria decision making

approaches that introduced by Thomas L. Saaty (1997.1994). AHP is the most popular

technique of Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). AHP also powerful and

flexible multi-criteria decision making tool for complex problem where both

qualitative and quantitative aspects need to be considered (Bevilacquaa & Bragliab,

2000). AHP allows better, easier and more efficient identification of selection criteria,

their weighting and analysis (Akhtar).

The problem is being represented in hierarchical. The overall objectives are

located at the top of hierarchy and at the bottom are the decision alternatives. In

between the main objectives is the related attribute of the decision problems such as

selection criteria. The complexity of the criteria will determine the level of hierarchy.

Figure 2.1: AHP Hierarchy

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The goal of using AHP is members ability to be a leader. Step in AHP are:

I. Decomposing

II. Weighting

III. Evaluating

IV. Selecting

1. Decomposing the problem into a hierarchy –one overall goal on the top level, several

decision alternatives on the bottom level and several criteria contributing to the goal

2. Comparing pairs –of alternatives with respect to each criterion and pairs of criteria with

respect to the achievement of the overall goal.

3. Synthesising judgement and obtaining priority rankings of the alternatives with respect to

each criterion and the overall priority ranking for the problem.

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2.5 Comparison Between Method

2.5.1 Analytic Network Process

The analytic network process (ANP) is a more general form of the analytic hierarchy

process (AHP) used in multi-criteria decision analysis. AHP structures a decision problem

into a hierarchy with a goal, decision criteria, and alternatives, while the ANP structures it as

a network. Both then use a system of pairwise comparisons to measure the weights of the

components of the structure, and finally to rank the alternatives in the decision.

In the AHP, each element in the hierarchy is considered to be independent of all the

others—the decision criteria are considered to be independent of one another, and the

alternatives are considered to be independent of the decision criteria and of each other. But in

many real-world cases, there is interdependence among the items and the alternatives. ANP

does not require independence among elements, so it can be used as an effective tool in these

cases.

To illustrate this, consider a simple decision about buying an automobile. The decision

maker may want to decide among several moderately-priced full-size sedans. He might

choose to base his decision on only three factors: purchase price, safety, and comfort. Both

the AHP and ANP would provide useful frameworks to use in making his decision.

The AHP would assume that purchase price, safety, and comfort are independent of one

another, and would evaluate each of the sedans independently on those criteria.The ANP

would allow consideration of the interdependence of price, safety, and comfort. If one could

get more safety or comfort by paying more for the automobile (or less by paying less), the

ANP could take that into account. Similarly, the ANP could allow the decision criteria to be

affected by the traits of the cars under consideration. If, for example, all the cars are very,

very safe, the importance of safety as a decision criterion could appropriately be reduced.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction A particular procedure or set of procedure that use to complete the project is call as

methodology. This chapter would cover the details of explanation about what type of

methodology used to complete this project. The development of software project need careful

examination so that we will get the satisfy result. So that, the flow of the process in software

development need to be comply with using one of the methodology or model development

system. Selection software development technique is important to ensure project that had

been developed can be done with successfully without any failure.

Besides, this chapter also describes the design of implementing the system. Design are

divided into two parts which are system design and database design. System design consists

of context diagram, Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), flow chart and interface.

Meanwhile, database design consists of SQL script, entity relationship diagram, and database

schema.

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3.2 Waterfall Model Model Waterfall is the earliest SDLC approach that was used for software development. In

addition, to develop this system Waterfall model has been used because :

The model is simple and easy to use.

As the methodology is quite rigid, it’s easy to manage it

because every phase consists of a review process and specific

deliverables.

The phases do not overlap. They are processed and completed

one at a time.

Waterfall Methodology is the methodology that used to develop Leader Selection System.

Figure 3.1 below show the waterfall model. The waterfall model is a sequential software

development process model that follows the following defined phases that is requirement

analysis, design, development, testing and maintenance.

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Figure 3.1: Waterfall Model

3.2.1 Requirement Analysis

Requirement analysis is the first phase in Waterfall model which is a specific requirement is

analysed to understand the problems. The requirement is analysed by doing a research on existing

system and documentation. It also discusses on functionality and the main process of the system. A

literature review is done with research information gathered by comparing technique, algorithm and

method used. In addition, objectives are figured out with the scope of the system.

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3.2.2 System Design The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and system design

is prepared. System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also

helps in defining overall system architecture. The software code to be written in the next stage

is created now. In this system phase, flow logical data such as entity relationship diagram

(erd), data flow diagram (dfd) and context diagram.

3.2.3 Implementation PHP and phpMyAdmin use for Leader Selection System in implementation for web based

system. Notepad++ using PHP language and phpMyAdmin for database is use to editor tools

to write the programming part. In this phase, AHP method will integrate in generated student

ability based on personality test, CGPA and gender. Apache and MySQL is run as localhost

server to run this system. This phase are critical phase where the user requirement need to be

developed.

3.2.4 Testing

Testing the Leader Selection System is vital to ensure the functionality of leader selection

module. Intention of testing is to discover error. So that the error founded can be corrected

and thus lead to a better system built. This process helps in discovering the wrong that are not

discovered in the previous phase.

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3.2.5 Maintenance

Maintenance process is the final phase of the Waterfall model. This phase is

important as it will check the effectiveness of the system. The purpose of this stage is

to improve the program. The maintenance will monitor the implementation of a

program based on the feedback and understanding.

3.3 Purposed Method

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been proposed to develop the System

Leader Selection.

3.4 System Requirement

Both software and hardware are required to develop the proposed system. There

are some hardware and software that are used to accomplish this project

3.4.1 Hardware

Table 3.1: List Of Hardware

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

Laptop ASUS Processor: Intel Core i-5

RAM: 4GB

OS: Window 10

GPU: NVIDIA GeForce

Printer HP Deskjet Ink Advantage

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3.4.2 Software

Table 3.2: List of Software

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

Microsoft Office 2010 Used for documentation and

presentation

Netbeans Platform for coding writing

Google Chrome Used for run the system and find

materials for develop the system

XAMPP Act as local server to run and test

system

PHPMyAdmin Open source database management

system that use to store data of the

system

3.5 Chapter Summary

This chapter discusses the methodology that will used to Leader Selection System using

AHP. Methodology is very important in system and application development. There are a lot

of software development can be used to develop application. The right methodology can help

to easy process of develop the system. For the system, we use waterfall model and each phase

are explained so that it can easily understand.

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3.6 Framework

Figure 3.2: Framework

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Based on figure 3.2 Framework, user must to register into the system. After that,

admin and user must to login. After login success, system will show interface for

admin, will show interface for admin, for user will show interface for user. Admin can

manage organization and criteria. For the user, after access the system need to answer

the personality type and must to fill up other criteria that provided. After that, admin

will generate the leader by the criteria. System automated generates the leader based

on organization selected criteria. System will show the result of leader and it can be

seen by user.

3.7 System Design

3.7.1 Context Diagram (CD)

Figure 3.3: Context Diagram

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Based on figure 3.3 shows context diagram, user and admin must to login the system first

before can access. After success access the system, admin and user can direct to admin and

user homepage. For admin, responsible to manage organization and questionnaire. For user,

must to fill all criteria and answer personality type question.

3.7.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0

Figure 3.4: Data Flow Diagram Level 0

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Based on the figure 3.4 above, it shows the DFD of the system. It has six main process

that implement in the system. For admin has two main process and for user have four main

process.

3.7.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1

Figure 3.5: Data Flow Diagram Level 1(Manage Organization)

Based on the figure 3.5 above, it show the DFD Level 1 for manage organization of the

system. Admin are responsible for manage organization. Admin can add, view, update and

delete the details of the organization.

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Figure 3.6: Data Flow Diagram Level 1(Manage Questionnaire)

Based on the figure 3.6 above, it show the DFD Level 1 for manage questionnaire of the

system. Admin are responsible for manage questionnaire. Admin can add, view, update and

delete the details of the questionnaire.

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Figure 3.7: Data Flow Diagram Level 1(Manage criteria)

Based on the figure 3.7 above, it show the DFD Level 1 for manage criteria of the system.

Candidate can manage criteria. Candidate can add, view, update and delete the details of the

criteria.

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3.7.4Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Figure 3.8 show the entity and attribute that involves in the system.

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3.7.5 User Interface Prototype

Figure 3.9: Interface Login

Figure 3.9 above show interface login for the system. This interface is for all user and

admin. If user and admin enter the wrong username or password, system will display error

message.

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Figure 3.10: Interface Register

Figure 3.10 above show interface register for the system. This interface is for user. User

need to fill up all the form and register before login. The data that already register will be

save in database.

reg

Figure 3.11: Interface Personality Questionnaire

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REGISTER

Figure 3.11 above show interface personality questionnaire for the system. This interface

is for user. User need to answer the entire question to know their personality type.

Figure 3.12: Interface Analysis of Personality Questionnaire

Figure 3.12 above show interface analysis of personality questionnaire for the system.

This interface is for user and admin. After user finish answer all the question of personality,

the result that will be show to give the user know what type of their personality.

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3.8 Database Design

3.8.1 Data Dictionary

Admin

Table 3.3: Data Dictionary of Table Admin

Attribute Name Data Type Size Remark

Admin id int 10 Primary Key

Admin name varchar 50 Null

Password varchar 15 Null

Candidate

Table 3.4: Data Dictionary of Table Candidate

Attribute Name Data Type Size Remark

Candidate Id int 10 Primary Key

Candidate Name varchar 50 Null

Cgpa float Null

Gender varchar 10 Null

Phone No varchar 15 Null

password varchar 15 Null

Organization Id int 15 Null

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Organization

Table 3.5: Data Dictionary of Table Organization

Attribute Name Data Type Size Remark

Organization Id int 15 Primary Key

Organization

Name

varchar 100 Null

Organization

Address

varchar 100 Null

Organization

phone_num

varchar 20 Null

Organization

Description

varchar 100 Null

Personality type Question

Table 3.6: Data Dictionary of Table Personality Type Question

Attribute Name Data type Size Remark

Personality

question Id

int 10 Primary Key

Personality

Question

text Null

Personality

category

varchar 100 Null

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Personality Type

Table 3.7: Data Dictionary of Table Personality Type

Attribute Name Data type Size Remark

Candidate Id int 10 Primary Key

Personal Status varchar 20 Null

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REFERENCES

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1354068801007003003

https://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/waterfall-model

http://toolsqa.com/software-testing/waterfall-model/

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/waterfall-model

http://www.dii.unisi.it/~mocenni/Note_AHP.pdf

https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/analytic-hierarchy-process-prioritize-

projects-6608

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