LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 1

Infant Feeding and Climate ChangeInfant Feeding and Climate Change

Chwang Leh-ChiiChwang Leh-Chii

TaiwanTaiwan

BF Forum 8UB, MongoliaSept. 14, 2011

LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 2

Feeding Practice in TaiwanFeeding Practice in Taiwan

Year Age EB Mix FF (month) (%) (%) (%)

2010 1 58.5 85.4 41.5

2 48.4 70.6 51.6

4 36.2 53.6 63.8

6 26.3 46.0 73.7

2009 1 56.7 81.3 43.3

2 44.0 63.6 56.0

4 34.3 49.8 65.7

6 22.4 41.6 77.6

Source: Health Promote Bureau, 2011

Year Age EB Mix FF (month) (%)(%) (%)

2008 1 54.3 72.945.7

2 37.9 54.362.1

4 25.8 39.974.2

6 15.9 32.484.1

2004 0 29.4 57.671.6

1 33.2 54.266.8

4 16.9 27.583.1

6 13.1 19.886.9

EB: Exclusive Breast FeedingFF: Formula Feeding

LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 3

1 month

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

EB Mix FF

%

2 month

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

EB Mix FF

%

4 month

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

EB Mix FF

%

6 month

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

EB Mix FF

%

Source: Health Promote Bureau, 2011

2004

2008

2009

2010

Feeding Practice in TaiwanFeeding Practice in Taiwan

LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 4

Trends in Formula Feeding (%)Trends in Formula Feeding (%)

Age 2004 2008 2010 2010-2008 2010-

2004

1 month 71.6 45.7 41.5 ↓ 4.2 ↓ 30.1

2 month 66.8 62.1 51.6 ↓ 10.5 ↓ 15.2

4 month 83.1 74.2 63.8 ↓ 10.4 ↓ 19.3

6 month 86.9 84.1 73.7 ↓ 10.4 ↓ 13.2Source: Health Promote Bureau, 2011

LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 5

Commercial Complementary Feeding PracticeCommercial Complementary Feeding Practice

• Only 20% caregivers used commercial baby foods (US 73%, 90% for full-time working mothers).

i.e. The majority of complementary foods are home made.

• Major complementary foods are baby cereals, fruit/vegetable juice or pureed, porridge, fish, egg, purred meat, to-fu.

Source: 2005-2008 NAHSIT

LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 6

Trends in Commercial Complementary FeedingTrends in Commercial Complementary Feeding

• Half infant started juice at age 4-6 months,

baby cereal at age 7-12 months,

biscuits at age 10-12 months.• Recommendation: caregivers use spoon to feed infants

pureed foods and avoid mixing with milk powder in milk bottle.

However, 75% infants get foods from bottle.• Commercial products of baby cereal mixed with milk

powder are getting popular.

LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 7

Trends in Commercial Complementary FeedingTrends in Commercial Complementary Feeding

• Mothers are the main decision makes (80%) in complementary foods. Mothers are target person for education

• Current recommendation to introduce complementary foods. 4-6 month starting from with baby cereal, F/V juice,7-9 month: pureed, semi-liquid food, 8 month: fruit, 9 month: whole egg.

in respond to EB up to 6 month, recommendation should be revised.

LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 8

Infant Formula Imported to TaiwanInfant Formula Imported to TaiwanImported Birth rate Value

Year (1,000Kg) ‰ NT$ (billion) US$ (million)

2001 11,647 11.7 22.3 74.32002 9,276 11.0 18.1 60.32003 8,520 10.1 16.5 55.02004 7,767 9.6 15.2 50.62005 8,048 9.1 15.7 52.32006 7,788 9.0 16.1 53.62007 7,938 8.9 17.3 57.62008 6,864 8.5 16.7 55.62009 5,941 8.3 16.3 54.32010 6,590 7.2 17.3 57.6

Source: Directorate General of Customs, Ministry of Finance Department of Health

LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 9

Possible Green House Gas (GHG) EmissionsPossible Green House Gas (GHG) Emissionsfrom Infant Formula, 2010, Taiwanfrom Infant Formula, 2010, Taiwan

• 4,356Kg powder formula = 66.7 tons CO2

• 6,590,000Kg formula* = 100,907 tons CO2

* Infant formula including follow up formula and liquid formula

Age <1 157,282Age =1 194,878Age =2 199,174

551,334 babies

183 Kg Co2/baby

1 tree (40 years) = 400~700 Kg Co2

LCChwang, BF Forum 8, 2011 10

Thank You!Thank You!

We must become the change we want to see…

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948)