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Introduction Enables to make a comparison between alternative solutions Can be performed on all sizes of buildings or isolated building systems Problems Uncertainty of input values Different budgets for building and operating costs
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LCCALife-Cycle Cost Analysis
Group 3A
Introduction
“Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for estimating the total cost of ownership of a building, taking into account the cost of acquisition, ownership, operating, and disposing of a building or building system.”
Introduction
• Enables to make a comparison between alternative solutions
• Can be performed on all sizes of buildings or isolated building systems
• Problems• Uncertainty of input values
• Different budgets for building and operating costs
Methods
• ESTIMATING ALTERNATIVE BUILDING DESIGNS
• RELIABLE LONG TERM ASSESSMENTS
• WIDE SCOPE
Methods
MAIN VARIABLES:
• COST
• TIME
• DISCOUNT RATE
Methods
• All of the costs of the entire ownership• Cost
• construction 2%
• Maintenance 6%
• functioning 92%
• Recommended to be done in many stages of the projects• Costs of different design solutions
CostsSeveral costs
• Initial costs
• Fuel costs
• Operating, maintenance and repair costs
• Replacement costs
• Residual values
• Other costs
Time
• Vital to choose suitable calculating period
• Not too long
• Choose to match with the economic life of the building
• Residential building 30-40 years
• Commercial buildings around 20 years
Discount rate
• To make cash flows time-equivalent
• Future cash flows present value
• Smaller the higher the rate of intrest is and the farther into the future payment goes
dis = 1/(1+r/100)î where,r = rate of interesti = time period
Life-Cycle Cost Calculation
LCC = Ipv + Repl — Res + Epv + Wpv + OMRpv + Opv,
Supplementary measures
PURPOSE TO FIND OUT:
• COST-EFFECTIVENESS
• RANKING PROJECTS
• SCREENING PROJECTS
Uncertainty evaluations
• ESTIMATING THE OUTCOME OF CHOOSING WRONG PROJECT ALTERNATIVE
• DETERMINISTIC AND PROBABILISTIC TECHNIQUES
• DETERMINISTIC TECHNIQUES ARE EASIER TO PERFORM
• Sensitivity analysis
• Break-even analysis
LCCA in real life
• Case study from the USA• College Station (warmer) and Minneapolis (cooler)
• Insulation material fiberglass or polystyrene
• Three information• 1. Payback time
LCCA in real life- 2. Total life-cycle cost of insulation material (polystyrene left or fiberglass right)
- 3. Size of the insulation
LCCA in other countries• LCCA has been standardized in Europe in 2008
• The number of the standard is ”15686-5 Buildings and constructed assets — Service-life planning — Part 5: Life-cycle costing”
Thank you!