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LAYERS OF THE EARTH
HOW WE KNOW ABOUT THE DEEP INTERIOR:
MeteoritesSeismic WavesMagnetic FieldGravity
The Velocity of Seismic Waves increase as theytravel through the earth
Steep decrease inVelocity of P-wave occurs inOuter Core
S-waves do not travel throughliquids
Type Relative Composition Rock Type EarthLayer
Abundance,%
Stony Meteorites 94
Chondrites 86
Ordinary 82 Fe, Mg intrusive igneous and Mantle
Silicates meta- igneous
Carbonaceous 4 Carbon, gases Crust
hydrated silicates,
up to 20% water
Achondrites 8 Fe, Mg Silicates I gneous basalt lava ocean crust
Stony I ron 1 Silicates and Fe alloys primitive
planet
I ron 5 Fe, Fe- Ni alloys Core
METEORITE COMPOSITIONS AND EARTH ANALOGUES
Earth’s Mantle consists of ultramafic rock made of two Fe, Mg Silicate minerals: Olivine and Pyroxene
Ultra-mafic Intrusive Rock